Scientific Research Institute Research Articles

Analysis of Chinese Patents on Cathodic Protection by Applied Current Method in Marine Sector

The resource problem is the top priority of China's current development, while the ocean is an inexhaustible treasure. The development and utilization of marine resources has always been the key direction of development. The characteristics of offshore engineering operation equipment are: first, the scale of the platform is particularly large, and second, it is long-term in the harsh environment such as moisture and salinity [1]. Therefore, the anti-corrosion of offshore platforms is the research hotspot of relevant technicians, this paper systematically summarizes the patent application of external current in cathodic protection of anti-corrosion technology. It analyzes the patent type, affiliated institution, important applicant, application field and other related contents. The results show that enterprises prefer to actually invent devices, while scientific research institutions, universities and colleges are more about the creation of technical methods.

Dissemination of scientific information through open access by research scientists in a developing country

This study investigated the perceptions and factors that researchers had about Open Access (OA) publishing, specifically how it affected their decision to publish or not. The Diffusion of Innovation Theory by Rogers served as the study's main guide, and 15 research scientists from Ghana's Council of Scientific and Industrial Research's Crop Research Institute provided qualitative data for the study through semi-structured interviews and the interpretivist research paradigm. Convenience sampling was used to choose the participants, and thematic analysis was used to analyse and present the research results in themes. The study's conclusions showed that all of the participants benefited from OA and that they were all aware of its application for disseminating scientific information. High Article Processing Charges (APC) and credibility issues were also mentioned in the study as significant obstacles to using OA for the dissemination of scientific information. The study suggests that in order for scientists to use Open Access (OA) for the sharing of scientific information, they must be given the means to distinguish trustworthy journals from predatory ones.

A TIRELESS WORKER: THE LIFE AND WORK OF V.D. DIMITRIEV ACCORDING TO THE DOCUMENTS OF THE PERSONAL FUND OF THE STATE HISTORICAL ARCHIVE OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC

The legacy of outstanding scientific figures, whose prominent representative was Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor V.D. Dimitriev, attracts attention due to its opportunity to comprehend fundamentally elaborated research papers, the experience in organizing their own and collective scientific work, teaching and active social activities. The purpose of the study is to attract the attention of specialists to the large documentary personal fund of V.D. Dimitriev, formed on the basis of materials received by the State Historical Archives of the Chuvash Republic. This institution keeps documents mainly characterizing him as an organizer of science, a statesman and a public figure, and a highly qualified teacher. Methods and materials. The article is based on a systematic review of the materials contained in the personal fund of V.D. Dimitriev. They are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, and based on their analysis, the activities of V.D. Dimitriev as a researcher and director of the Chuvash Scientific Research Institute of Language, Literature, History and Economics, professor and head of the department at I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University are uncovered. Some of the documents show the social activities of the scientist. Study results. The article uses specific examples to characterize such qualities of a talented researcher and a skilled organizer as the ability to set scientific tasks, to control the progress and verify the results of their execution. Numerous documents testify to the great efficiency of the scientist, scrupulousness in writing both large and small scientific texts, perfectionism, first of all to himself, as well as to colleagues. Concrete examples show how V.D. Dimitriev created a system for organizing scientific activities at the institute he headed, which shows its effectiveness to this day. The documents show that he was constantly engaged in its improvement. The deposited materials reflect the historian’s diverse interests, and show his significant role as a propagandist of scientific knowledge not only among colleagues, but also among the general public. The article pays much attention to his social activities. Conclusions. The authors are convinced that the documents of V.D. Dimitriev’s personal fund can be used in studying the personality of the scientist himself, they also reflect the trends in the development of humanities in the Chuvash ASSR as a whole, allow an inside look at the activities of the Historical and Philological (Historical) Faculty of I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University and the Chuvash State Institute of Humanities. The extensive correspondence conducted by V.D. Dimitriev on his administrative and scientific work characterizes many domestic and foreign scientists with whom he was in contact, which can be used in biographical research, uncover the scientific relations between researchers of Chuvashia and colleagues from other regions.

The effectiveness of breeding work on the improvement of the main economically important traits of traditional variety population Banannaya in Primorsky kray

Relevance. Although there is notable success in breeding vegetable crops to obtain heterotic F1 hybrids, traditional selection methods have been gaining in popularity as a means of improving the economically important traits of local traditional varieties in Russia today. These varieties suffered the reduction in their valuable starting parameters (yield, the uniformity of marketable produce and biochemical composition) over the many years of reproduction. The Department of Potato Breeding and Horticulture (FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaiki”) have been working on the creation of new squash variety-populations with large fruits using the variety-population Banannaya 42, bred by V. Ya. Smolei at the Far Eastern experimental station of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Plant Breeding in the 1940s, as the starting material. We carried out a multi-year research on the selection of promising families belonging to this variety to increase yield, improve the uniformity of fruits and the main biochemical parameters. Results. The breeding work conducted on the families of variety-population 945 in 2011-2022 resulted in the improvement of some economically important traits (the uniformity of fruit shape, yield, and biochemical parameters) compared to the started form. The eleven years of research allowed us to achieve high uniformity of fruit shape in the selection of the ninth year (PIP 2) – 90.0-90.7 % (increased by 34.9-36.0 %). The yield increased from 28.4 t/ha to 38.2-45.3 t/ha or by 34.5-59.5 %. The following biochemical parameters were improved through selection: the content of dry mater from 8.5 to 12.9 % or by 51.8 % on average, the content of sugars from 6.1 to 9.1 or by 49.2 %, the content of carotene from 1.7 to 3.8 or by 123.5 %, and the content of vitamin C from 9.6 to 21.1 or by 119.8 %. We selected the families of the same type from variety-population 945 (variety-population Banata) with improved and uniform economically important traits for submission to the State variety testing. The yield was 38.2-45.3 t/ha, fruits were heart-shaped, skin was greyish green, pulp was orange, and the content of sugars was 9.0-13.2 %. Large-fruited variety population Banata was included in the State register of breeding achievements admitted to use in the Russian Federation in 2024.

Искусственный интеллект для персонализированного подхода к перкутанной нефролитотрипсии.

Introduction. In recent years, there has been more and more research on the creation of artificial intelligence (AI) to help diagnose and treat patients in various fields of medicine. The use of algorithms allows us to reduce the time for processing large volumes of information and give a «second opinion» to a specialist in complex and non-standard clinical cases. In order to increase the effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, we have created an AI algorithm to personalize approach in the surgical treatment of nephrolithiasis. Purpose. To develop a universal tool for predicting the most optimal tactics of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy depending on the clinical case. Materials and methods. The total number of patients treated at N. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology and those who took part in the study amounted to 1000 people. The number of men was 419 (41.9%), women 581 (58.1%). The age of patients included in the studies ranged from 18 to 88 years (52.3±13.47). The division into Training and Holdout partitions varied depending on the target variable to obtain the most accurate result. The maximum difference in the samples was 600n and 400n (60% and 40%), the minimum 800n and 200n (80% and 20%). Data processing was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics and Modeler programs using the neural network modeling method. Results. The accuracy of prediction for the choice of nephroscope size was 82.2%, requirement for intraoperative stent placement 93.9%, requirement for ureteroscopy or contact ureterolithotripsy 98.5%. The accuracy of the forecast for the number of puncture accesses was 92.6%, for access through the upper group 95%, for access through the middle group 91.2%, for access through the lower group 91.2%. The algorithm allows us to predict the presence of residual stones with an accuracy of 84.1%, the duration of surgical intervention is 87.3%.The number of test observations was 30. The algorithm demonstrated high accuracy of prediction (from 73.8% to 94.5%) of surgical tactics in complex clinical cases. Conclusion. The results of using the algorithm for personalized prognosis in the surgical treatment of nephrolithiasis showed high accuracy and efficiency. Further development of technology to create algorithms for each nosology and surgical interventions will reduce the time of data analysis by the attending physician, provide a «second opinion» to young specialists and standardize the approach to treatment in rare and complex clinical cases.

Кислотно-щелочное состояние крови у пациентов с мочекаменной болезнью. Исследование II. Роль pH крови.

Introduction. We will try to show the place of acid-base balance (ABB) study in urolithiasis patients. There is the second article in a series of works devoted to the study of ABB in urolithiasis patients. This work is devoted to the study of the level of basic acid base indicators: blood pH, pCO2, pO2, BE. Materials and methods. The study was conducted prospectively at the N. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. We analyzed data of 83 urolithiasis patients (39 men and 44 women). All patients underwent an analysis of the urinary stones chemical composition, biochemical analysis of blood and daily urine, blood acid-basic balance, blood parathyroid hormone. Urine pH morning was determined for all patients. Results. Patients with acidemia (blood pH <7.32) had significantly higher concentrations of chlorine, creatinine and ionized calcium in the blood than in the group of patients with 7.32 <blood pH <7.42. The BE indicator is significantly lower than in the comparison group. There is a higher level of total blood calcium (p<0.05) and magnesium excretion, a lower level of serum concentration of creatinine (p<0.05), urea (p<0.05) and chlorine (p<0.05) in the group of patients with hypercapnia (pCO2 >51 mmHg) than in patients with 41< pCO2 <51 mmHg. Patients with a BE level <-2.5 had significantly higher levels of creatinine, urea and chlorine in the blood, and higher urine pH (p<0.05) compared to patients with BE>2.5. Patients with BE < -2.5 also had significantly lower level of blood pH, pCO2 and ionized calcium compared to the group of patients with BE >2.5. Conclusion. Normalization of blood pH is capable to correct the metabolism of the main lithogenic substances in urolithiasis patients.

The history of agricultural machinery repair system in Russia

The paper highlights the imperative for the maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery. (Research purpose) The research aims to undertake a retrospective analysis illuminating the evolution and establishment of the machine repair system. This analysis spans from the production of the inaugural Soviet tractor to the advancement and production of contemporary machinery and equipment. (Materials and methods) The paper analyses publications from different periods focused on the challenges surrounding the establishment of a centralized system for the repair and maintenance of machinery and equipment across all stages of agricultural production development. (Results and discussion). The paper sheds the light on the dynamics of tractor production in the early 1930s, detailing the transition from reliance on imports to the utilization of domestic agricultural machinery in the local market, alongside the phases involved in establishing a domestic repair service system. Furthermore, it explores the evolution of repair workshops at machinery technological stations from 1928 to 1957 and outlines the structuring of a repair depot within the enterprises of the All-Union Association «Soyuzselkhoztekhnika» between 1961 and 1990. Additionally, the paper delves into the analysis of repair strategies, ranging from individualized to in-line approaches. The paper underscores the pivotal role of academic and industrial science in equipping repair enterprises with essential technological documentation, repair equipment, and supplementary materials. It also highlights their contribution to the development of methodological support for maintenance and repair operations at the level of a centralized system. (Conclusions) The paper presents information on the research and design activities undertaken by specialized laboratories and departments within the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization VIM from 1930 to 1961. It acknowledges the significant contributions of scientists and experts in the domains of machine wear theory and the standardization of repair technologies. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the critical influence of the State Union Scientific Research Technological Institute for the Repair and Operation of Tractors and Agricultural Machines GOSNITI between 1963 and 2013 on establishing a robust machinery repair and maintenance system. It outlines the potential and future directions for the evolution of a service system for agricultural machinery.

Analysis of the Frequency and Structure of Congenital Heart Defects in Children

The article provides the frequency of their occurrence and the structure of congenital heart defects in 1,492 children according to the Scientific Research Institute of Heart Surgery and Organ Transplantation in Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic. Among all forms of congenital heart defects in children, patients with enrichment of the small circle of blood circulation without cyanosis prevailed —1318 (88.3%) patients.

Investigation into the Impact of Pika Population Dynamics on Grassland Degradation and the Development of Management Strategies: A Case Study Conducted in Sanjiangyuan National Park

This study focuses on the dynamic changes of pika and rabbit populations in Sanjiangyuan National Park and its impact on grassland degradation. The Sanjiangyuan region, as an important part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has a unique ecosystem and rich biodiversity. As a key species in the area, the pika's activities play an important role in loosening the grassland soil and retaining moisture. However, due to the dual impact of climate change and human activities, the excessive growth of the pika population has led to the severe degradation of the grassland ecosystem and the formation of “black soil beaches”, which not only destroys the natural recovery ability of the grassland but also affects the livelihood of local herders had a negative impact. In the context of global sustainable development, this study proposes a series of scientific and reasonable management measures, including the implementation of dynamic rotational grazing, returning grazing to grassland, forage planting, and green prevention and control of pikas, etc., to achieve the goal of realizing cattle, sheep, and pasture and ecological coordination among pikas. At the same time, the study emphasizes the in-depth understanding of the role of pikas in the ecosystem and their relationship with grassland degradation through scientific research, providing a scientific basis for formulating effective ecological protection and restoration strategies. In addition, the study also puts forward suggestions for establishing a sound legal and regulatory system, strengthening protected area management institutions, and promoting public participation, publicity, and education. These measures aim to ensure that ecological protection work in Sanjiangyuan National Park is effectively implemented and to promote the sustainable development of local communities. The case of Sanjiangyuan National Park has important reference significance at the global level, demonstrating how to achieve a balance between economic development and environmental protection through ecological protection and restoration work. This has a guiding role for other regions around the world facing similar ecological problems and will help promote the implementation of the global sustainable development agenda. In short, the ecological protection and management of Sanjiangyuan National Park requires the joint efforts of the government, scientific research institutions, local communities, and the international community to achieve long-term ecological security and sustainable development.

Improving the elements of cultivating technology for Sarepta mustard (Brassica juncea L.) on leached blackearth of Western Ciscaucasia

Increasing interest among agricultural producers in Sarepta spring mustard as a promising, multi-purpose crop requires improving the elements of its cultivation technology to obtain consistently high yields. The current study was carried out in 2021–2022 on the experimental fields of the central experimental base of the FSBSI “FRC “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V. S.”. The purpose of the research was to study and scientifically substantiate individual elements of the technology (sowing time, seed sowing rate and level of mineral nutrition) for Sarepta mustard’s cultivation on seed productivity of the crop grown on leached blackearth (chernozem) of Western Ciscaucasia. There has been established that the highest yield (1.42 t/ha) and oil yield (0.60 t/ha) of the crop is obtained at an early sowing time (the first term (early) is in the 2nd decade of April) with a minimum seed sowing rate (1.3 million units/ha). Sarepta spring mustard’s single feeding of with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N60 in the seedling phase has helped to obtain maximum yield of 2.08 t/ha and 0.87 t/ha of oil. But the largest oil content in seeds (47.1 %) was identified in the variant with the application of nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of N30 fractionally in equal parts, i.e. in the stages of germination (N15) and booting (N15). Foliar treatment of Sarepta spring mustard with helium mixtures (Micro gel at a dose of 1 l/ha and Brassica gel at a dose of 2 l/ha) in the booting stage allowed obtaining the highest yield of 1.85 t/ha, with 47.9 % of oil in seeds and 0.80 t/ha of oil yield.

ВЛИЯНИЕ АГРОТЕХНОЛОГИЙ НА ФИТОСАНИТАРНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПОСЕВОВ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР

The purpose of research is to establish the most effective technologies for cultivating crops in forage crop rotation based on their phytosanitary condition and productivity. The objects of research were crops of forage crops in crop rotation (annual and perennial grasses, grain crops, corn), cultivated using five technologies that differ in the intensity of nutrition backgrounds and the use of pesticides (extensive – control, intensive, high-intensity, organic, biologized). Research was conducted in 2018–2021 in a joint field experiment of the Yaroslavl Scientific Research Institute of livestock breeding and forage production – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology” and the Yaroslavl State Agrarian University to study phytosanitary indicators (the number and weight of weeds, potential contamination of the soil with their reproductive organs, the spread of diseases and the number of insect pests) and the productivity of cultivated crops using generally accepted methods. The research results made it possible to recommend perennial grasses for up to 3 years of use in fodder crop rotations in order to improve the phytosanitary condition of crops and corn in order to obtain high fodder productivity of the crop rotation (over 5 800 fodder units per 1 ha). For the cultivation of crops in this crop rotation, the use of organic technology using only organic fertilizers (cereal straw, manure at a rate of 60 t/ha for corn, green manure) is quite justified, since it helped reduce the abundance of weeds by 13.3–15.4 %, minimized the prevalence of diseases of grass and corn, reduced the number of insect pests by 9.7 % while obtaining an average increase in productivity of 26.8 % compared to the control and the absence of a significant reduction in comparison with intensive technologies while increasing the quality indicators of the crop and economic efficiency (profitability level – 132.9 %, return on additional costs – 4.86).

A Case of Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Combined With an Atypical Origin of the Ipsilateral Ophthalmic Artery

Objective: Anatomy of the ophthalmic artery (OA) is of great practical importance in surgery for anterior circulation aneurysms. In most cases, the OA arises from the supraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and enters the orbit through the optic canal inferolaterally to the optic nerve. The OA arising from the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and entering the optic canal above the optic nerve is extremely rare.Clinical case: We report a case of a 29-year-old female patient admitted to Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Krasnodar, Russian Federation) with a ruptured true aneurysm of the left posterior communicating artery (PCoA) and an abnormal origin of the OA from the ACA. The disease manifested itself as ischemic stroke in the basal ganglia on the left causing diagnostic difficulties during initial hospitalization. Cerebral angiography confirmed a PCoA aneurysm and origin of the OA from the ipsilateral ACA. During surgery the neck of the aneurysm was clipped, and the aneurysm dome was opened to control the extent of clipping and remove thrombotic masses. During their removal, hemorrhage appeared from the posterior pole of the aneurysm. During the exploration it was found that the aneurysm was a dilated PCoA connecting the right ICA with the right posterior cerebral artery (PCA). A thrombosed anterior thalamoperforating artery emerged from the superior surface of the dome, and its junction with the precommunicating segment of the right PCA was detected in the region of the posterior pole of the aneurysm. The second clip was placed at the communication site between the aneurysm and the right PCA. The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition with a stable neurological status.Conclusions: The combination of abnormal anatomy of arteries at the base of the brain and cerebral aneurysms increases the risk of tactical errors and perioperative complications. Each such case requires a careful comparison of the clinical, imaging, and intraoperative findings. In the presented case of the patient with the ruptured rare PCoA aneurysm, the disease manifested atypically due to the partial thrombosis of the aneurysm and hemorrhage into the aneurysmal wall. The imaging findings revealed lacunar stroke in the thalamoperforating artery basin and an ICA aneurysm with no signs of subarachnoid hemorrhage. During the surgery the aneurysm was initially regarded as typical saccular. The opening of the dome and removal of all thrombotic masses made it possible to determine the eccentric fusiform nature of the aneurysm, perform its radical exclusion, and prevent fatal hemorrhage in the postoperative period.

Capabilities of Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Patients With Cerebral Aneurysms in the Postoperative Period

Introduction: The leading cause of hemorrhagic stroke is a ruptured cerebral aneurysm (CA), accounting for 70%-85% of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhages. The primary goals of CA treatment are to prevent a rupture, thrombosis, or symptoms of mass effect. The main treatment options for intracranial aneurysms are open clipping, flow-diverter device implantation, resection and stenting of aneurysms. Treated aneurysms should be monitored to assess the stability of the occlusion because more than 20% of surgically treated aneurysms are known to recur. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has recently become increasingly attractive for the follow-up of surgically treated CAs because it is noninvasive, does not require hospitalization, and reduces complications associated with the frequent use of cerebral angiography.Objective: To evaluate capabilities of dynamic MRA in postoperative monitoring of patients with CAs.Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the premises of the Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Krasnodar, Russian Federation). In a hospital setting, 38 patients with CAs were examined in the late postoperative period. All the patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging, 3-dimensional time-of-flight (3D-TOF) MRA, and dynamic MRA followed by cerebral angiography. Imaging findings (MRA, dynamic MRA, and cerebral angiography) were evaluated by radiologists, x-ray surgeons, and neurosurgeons. They assessed treated aneurysms according to the Raymond-Roy occlusion classification: complete obliteration (class 1), residual neck (class 2), and residual aneurysm (class 3). Untreated aneurysms in patients with multiple CAs and de novo aneurysms were also assessed, and we looked for other vascular malformations.Results: The study was conducted in the late postoperative period from 6 to 18 months. A total of 38 patients participated in the study; of them 27 were women (age, 32-77 years) and 11 were men (age, 32-65 years). Dynamic MRA detected neck remnants of 4 clipped aneurysms and 2 embolized ones, which was confirmed by cerebral angiography. According to the dynamic MRA results, in case of clipped aneurysms neck remnants were found in the anterior communicating artery (n = 2), internal carotid artery (n = 1), and anterior choroidal artery (n = 1). In case of embolized aneurysms, neck remnants were revealed in the internal carotid artery (n = 1) and basilar artery (n = 1). Dynamic MRA also detected 5 additional aneurysms: 2 internal carotid artery aneurysms, 1 basilar artery aneurysm, 1 anterior cerebral artery aneurysm, and 1 anterior communicating artery aneurysm. These findings coincided with those of cerebral angiography. Based on the results of our study, the sensitivity and specificity of dynamic MRA in detecting CA neck remnants and untreated aneurysms were 100%.Discussion: Dynamic MRA findings are fully consistent with those of cerebral angiography in terms of determining an aneurysm occlusion status during postoperative follow-up. As for evaluation of de novo intracranial aneurysms, dynamic MRA is also superior to noncontrast 3D-TOF MRA in assessment of aneurysm shape and neck detection. Therefore, dynamic MRA can clearly visualize the structure of cerebral vessels mainly due to the effect of blood flow and static tissue contrast, and the principle is mainly the effect of multiphase scanning and accumulation of contrast agent.Conclusions: Dynamic MRA has a number of advantages over cerebral angiography, such as noninvasiveness, high-resolution images of the cerebral arteries, absence of radiation exposure, use of iodinated contrast agent, and absence of artifacts from metal clips or embolic material.

IMPROVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL QUALITIES OF STUDENTS

Globalization processes in global educational institutions are increasing the level of application of technologies aimed at developing personal and professional qualities of students. In this regard, the implementation of large-scale projects aimed at developing the professional competence of students, training competitive personnel, directing individual opportunities to successful activities, ensuring the commonality of professional and general culture, forming important qualities for an individual, searching for opportunities to create effective teaching methods, and establishing mutual communicative relations between students and teachers. systematic work is being carried out.In the system of global educational and scientific research institutions, improving the mechanisms for the development of personal and professional qualities of students, expanding corporate education and coaching services based on the principles of moderneducation quality, creating intellectual information systems for increasing the innovative activity of students, scientific research aimed at forecasting the system of modern personal and professional qualities based on the Axiology methodology is being conducted. The research strategy for improving the mechanisms for the development of the personal and professional qualities of students of higher educational institutions is to improve the mechanisms for the development of personal and professional qualities of students based on acmeological and competence approaches, to modernize the forms and methods of the development of professional qualities oriented to innovative activities, and to individualize the content of personal and professional education. is being given.Research ArticleIMPROVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL QUALITIES OF STUDENTSSubmission Date:March15, 2024, Accepted Date:March 20, 2024,Published Date:March25, 2024Crossref doi:https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume04Issue03-11Mukhamadaliyeva Mahira KhikmatullayevnaDeputy Dean For Working With Youth At The Faculty Of Pre-School Education Of The Nizomiy Tashkent State Pedagogical University,UzbekistanJournal Website:https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshrCopyright:Originalcontent from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 licence.

НАЧАЛО АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ АРХЕОЛОГИИ В БАШКОРТОСТАНЕ

During the post-war period, archaeological research was rapidly advancing in the Soviet Union. After the All-Union Archaeological Conference in 1945, the Moscow Branch of the Institute for the History of Material Culture (henceforth IHMC) became the main center for archaeological research and organizer of field studies throughout the USSR. At a meeting of the Department of History and Philosophy in 1951, together with a plenum of IHMC and the USSR Academy of Sciences, a decision was made to expand archaeological research across all regions of the country. An archaeological team is forming at the Bashkir Scientific Research Institute of History, Language, and Literature, which was part of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1951. In 1953, a sector of history, archaeology, and ethnography was created, and archaeological expeditions were launched. Initially, field research was conducted as part of the Bashkir Archaeological Expedition under the leadership of IHMC. Since 1957, independent archaeological units have been formed. In 1959, a department of archeology and ethnography became part of the IHLL. The same year, a collection of articles dedicated to archaeological studies in Bashkortostan were published for the first time. In 1978, an independent sector of archaeology appeared, the successor of which is the Department of Archaeological Research currently operating as part of the IHLL. Thus, in 2023–2024 it will be 70 years since the beginning of archaeological research in the IHLL. It is also the anniversary of the beginning of systematic academic research of the territory of the Southern Urals and the design of Ufa as the center of archaeological research in the region. In addition to documentary evidence of the formation of the archaeological structure in the IHLL, the article provides statistics on archaeological expeditions in the territory of Bashkortostan. An analysis of these data shows that, between 1955 and 1963, units organized by academic institutions of the IHMC (Institute of History of Material Culture) and IHLL dominated among them. Due to active fieldwork, by 1970, information had been obtained on 2,059 archaeological sites located within the BASSR and data on these sites had been systematized into the academic catalog “Archaeological Map of Bashkiria.” In general, the mid-1950s to 1960s can be characterized as the period when a systematic archaeological survey was being formed on the territory of Bashkortostan. The main focus of this process was the IHLL

Academician Vasile Micu (1938–2019), famous scientist and man of culture

The study is dedicated to the research activity of the academician Vasile Micu, a remarkable personality in the history of Romanian science and culture, and his contribution to the development of agricultural sciences in the Moldavian SSR and the Republic of Moldova. He was the founder of the scientific school of corn genetics and improvement in the Republic of Moldova, author of more than 100 corn hybrids approved in seven countries, which are grown annually on extensive areas (over 55-60 million hectares in total); co-author of 39 varieties of aromatic and medicinal plants, included in the Register of Plant Varieties of the Republic of Moldova, author of over 250 scientific works, including 4 monographic studies. He exercised important scientific and managerial functions, including director of the Scientific Research Institute for Maize and Sorghum of AŞP "Hybrid" and general director of AŞP "Porumbeni" (1986–2008), later reorganized into the "Porumbeni" Institute of Phytotechnology.

СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ ЭТНОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ И АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В ОРДЕНА ЗНАК ПОЧЕТА ИНСТИТУТЕ ИСТОРИИ, ЯЗЫКА И ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ УФИМСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКОГО ЦЕНТРА РАН

The history of complex ethnological research in the Republic of Bashkortostan dates back to the establishment of the Society for the Study of Everyday Life, Culture, and History of Bashkiria, under the leadership of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic People’s Commissariat. In 1922, an ethnographic and geographical department was created within this organization. In 1929, the society had already had seven departments, including a dedicated ethnographic department, as well as an independent anthropological section, which had been formed in 1928. In 1930, the Bashkir Comprehensive Research Institute was established on the basis of the Academic Center. In 1932, the Bashkir Scientific Research Institute of National Culture was separated from it. After the formation of the Bashkir branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1951, one of its first divisions was the Bashkir Scientific Research Institute of History, Language, and Literature. Ethnographic research continued to be actively conducted in the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and adjacent territories with a densely populated Bashkir population. The history of the Ethnology Department of the Institute is closely linked to the name of Academician R.G. Kuzeev (1929–2005). He was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and an Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan. In 1955, he completed postgraduate studies at the Miklukho-Maklay Institute in Moscow and defended his PhD thesis. After that, he headed the historical department at the Institute. With the arrival of Kuzeev, there was a renewed focus on the study of ethnographic issues and the history of the origins of the Bashkir people. Based on both published and unpublished sources, this article highlights the work of the Ethnology Department at the Order of the Badge of Honor Institute of History, Language, and Literature at the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It examines the main achievements and future prospects of this department’s research.

First experience of using Pembroria® medication in patients with disseminated renal cell carcinoma

Background. According to the clinical guidelines from the leading Russian and international societies, treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma is based on combination use of immune and targeted drugs. In December of 2022, the first Russian analogue of immune-oncological drug pembrolizumab with trade name Pembroria® was registered in Russia.Aim. To evaluate safety of the biosimilar, as well as register its effectiveness in the form of objective response estimation in accordance with the RECIST v.1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1) criteria. The article presents the results of the first experience of using Pembroria® in real clinical practice. Two clinical observations are presented demonstrating effectiveness and safety of the biosimilar.Materials and methods. At the clinic of the N. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – branch of the National Medical Research Radiology Center, 21 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma who did not previously receive systemic antitumor treatment underwent immunotarget therapy with Pembroria® and a targeted agent: lenvatinib (20 mg/day orally) or axitinib (10 mg/day orally).Results. The analysis of effectiveness considering short follow-up periods was performed in 18 patients. Median follow-up period was 6 (2–13) months and objective response rate was 50 %, in 28 % of cases stable disease was observed. Survival rates were not evaluated due to short observation time.Conclusion. Use of Pembroria® medication in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in real clinical practice showed high objective response rate with acceptable toxicity level. No new, previously not described adverse events were registered during Pembroria® administration.

Historical context, process, and development trends of pediatric thyroid cancer research: a bibliometric analysis.

At present, the structure of knowledge in the field of childhood thyroid cancer is not clear enough, and scholars lack a sufficient understanding of the developing trends in this field, which has led to a shortage of forward-looking outputs. The purpose of this research is to help scholars construct a complete knowledge framework and identify current challenges, opportunities, and development trends. We searched the literature in the Web of Science Core Collection database on August 7, 2023 and extracted key information from the top 100 most cited articles, such as the countries, institutions, authors, themes, and keywords. We used bibliometric tools such as bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace for a visualization analysis and Excel for statistical descriptions. The top 100 most cited articles fluctuated over time, and the research was concentrated in European countries, the United States, and Japan, among which scientific research institutions and scholars from the United States made outstanding contributions. Keyword analysis revealed that research has shifted from simple treatment methods for pediatric thyroid cancer (total thyroidectomy) and inducing factors (the Chernobyl power station accident) to the clinical applications of genetic mutations (such as the BRAF and RET genes) and larger-scale genetic changes (mutation studies of the DICER1 gene). The thematic strategy analysis showed an increasing trend towards the popularity of fusion oncogenes, while the popularity of research on traditional treatments and diagnostics has gradually declined. Extensive research has been conducted on the basic problems of pediatric thyroid cancer, and there has been significant outputs in the follow-up and cohort analysis of conventional diagnostic and treatment methods. However, these methods still have certain limitations. Therefore, scholars should focus on exploring fusion genes, the clinical applications of molecular targets, and novel treatment methods. This study provides a strong reference for scholars in this field.

The Role of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Therapy of Systemic AL Amyloidosis

Aim. To assess the outcomes of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in systemic AL Amyloidosis patients treated at the R.M. Gorbacheva Scientific Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation.
 Materials & Methods. In the period from 2005 to 2022, auto-HSCT was performed in 33 patients with systemic AL Amyloidosis. In 7 of them, auto-HSCT was not preceded by the induction therapy “upfront”. From 2012 all patients received induction therapy prior to transplantation. The median age of patients was 54 years (range 38–68 years); among them there were 17 women and 16 men.
 Results. The 3-year follow-up period showed hematological response rate of 76 % (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 50–90 %), heart response rate of 27 % (95% CI 6–55 %), renal response rate of 76 % (95% CI 41–93 %), and hepatic response rate of 26 % (95% CI 8–50 %). The 5-year overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survivals were 71 % (95% CI 49–85 %) and 53 % (95% CI 32–71 %), respectively. The OS parameters in the group with delayed auto-HSCT, i.e., after induction therapy, were better than in the “upfront” group: 82 % (95% CI 60–93 %) vs. 43 % (95% CI 10–73 %) (p = 0.03). The OS parameters were affected by health status (p = 0.03), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction < 60 % (p = 0.006), stage of heart disease (p = 0.016), and stage III kidney disease (p = 0.007). The PFS parameters depended on ECOG performance status (p = 0.004) and stage of heart disease (p = 0.041).
 Conclusion. The presented data confirm the results of the studies emphasizing the importance of induction therapy prior to auto-HSCT in the treatment of systemic AL Amyloidosis. More stringent parameters of renal function, left ventricular ejection fraction, and ECOG performance status can be used as criteria for auto-HSCT eligibility. Reduced melphalan doses, as conditioning regimen, can be administered to patients with pronounced comorbidity.