Scientific Research Activities Research Articles

Investment in Development of Higher Education Facilities from Central Budget - A Case Study of Vietnam

In all periods, the State always plays an important and leading role in investing in educational development with different plans and levels. Investment in higher education is often considered in some fields, such as investment in facilities, investment in improving teaching quality, investment in scientific research activities, practice and access to jobs, for improving working skills... This article aims to focus on researching investment from the central budget for the development of higher education facilities in Vietnam. The research results contribute to suggesting to state managers a number of solutions in planning investment capital as well as effectively managing and organizing budget investment capital for not only higher education but also in many other investment fields.

Building a Model of Organizational Activities Experience in Natural Sciences under Stem Education Orientation

STEM educational-oriented Natural Science experience activities are learner-oriented activities, Taking learners as the center in all natural science research activities, applying engineering technology and mathematics (STEM) in solving practical problems. Based on theoretical research on experiential activities, STEM education, and the characteristics of Natural Sciences, the article studies the educational forces inside and outside the school. From there, it is proposed to build a model of organizational structure for experiential activities in Natural Sciences oriented toward STEM education. The results of this research are meaningful in helping principals see the importance and significance of coordinating educational forces inside and outside the school in organizing experiential activities in Natural Sciences according to orientation. STEM education for students.

THE INFLUENCE OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY ON THE PRACTICE OF SCIENTIFIC, EDUCATIONAL AND CREATIVE ACTIVITIES OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION SPECIALISTS

The article presents a systematic examination of academic integrity as the basis of scientific research, educational, and creative activities of future preschool teachers of preschool educational institutions (PEI) in the context of the experience of preparing bachelors in the specialty 012 Preschool Education. Based on the analysis of the results of the survey among bachelor's degree seekers (educational program 012 Preschool Education), according to the developed questionnaire "Academic integrity", the students’ view on the problems of academic integrity has been highlighted; the experience of training future teachers of PEI within the framework of educational components that ensure the acquisition of research and creative competences has been released to the public, the means of forming students’ skills of sticking to the integrity approach, in particular during the work with scientific sources, their accurate citation, writing scientific texts based on the sources and producing creative products have been described.
 On this basis, the educational content related to issues of academic integrity, prevention of academic plagiarism within the framework of the educational components "Basics of scientific research", "Modern technologies of musical and aesthetic development of preschoolers", "Pedagogical guidance of visual art activities in PEI", "Methodology of teaching visual art in PEI and child development centers", "Fundamentals of visual art literacy", "Plot and thematic composition in modern painting", "Theatrical activity in PEI" has been improved and strengthened. Also, extensive outreach work on ensuring a climate of academic integrity in PEI, students’ compliance with the principles of academic integrity in order to increase the level of their conscious involvement in the process of obtaining a reliable result of the educational activity, which consists in mastering the professional competencies of a future teacher PEI, has been planned and is being implemented.

Editorial Presentation - Perspectives on innovation governance: challenges and dilemmas

Editorial Presentation - Perspectives on innovation governance: challenges and dilemmas

К вопросу о развитии научно-исследовательской деятельности в студенческом спорте: обзор научных публикаций за период с 2000 по 2022 год

In accordance with the Concept of Student Sport Development in the Russian Federation until 2025, one of the priority directions is the improvement of scientific and methodological support of the subjects of the student sports system. In the context of scientific and methodological support of student sport it is significant not only to intensify research in this area, but also to match the direction of the research with the key tasks of student sport development. In order to form approaches for the development of the research studies taking into account priority directions of student sports development, the authors have carried out and systematized 8083 papers on student sport and physical education of students. The papers were published in scientific journals and materials of research conferences for the period from 2000 to 2022 and placed in scientific electronic library. Based on the results of the study, the authors identified key trends in the development of scientific research activities in the field of student sports. The authors formed a model of interaction between the department of physical education and other structural units and organizations to expand the directions of scientific research.

Heliophysics and amateur radio: citizen science collaborations for atmospheric, ionospheric, and space physics research and operations

The amateur radio community is a global, highly engaged, and technical community with an intense interest in space weather, its underlying physics, and how it impacts radio communications. The large-scale observational capabilities of distributed instrumentation fielded by amateur radio operators and radio science enthusiasts offers a tremendous opportunity to advance the fields of heliophysics, radio science, and space weather. Well-established amateur radio networks like the RBN, WSPRNet, and PSKReporter already provide rich, ever-growing, long-term data of bottomside ionospheric observations. Up-and-coming purpose-built citizen science networks, and their associated novel instruments, offer opportunities for citizen scientists, professional researchers, and industry to field networks for specific science questions and operational needs. Here, we discuss the scientific and technical capabilities of the global amateur radio community, review methods of collaboration between the amateur radio and professional scientific community, and review recent peer-reviewed studies that have made use of amateur radio data and methods. Finally, we present recommendations submitted to the U.S. National Academy of Science Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024–2033 for using amateur radio to further advance heliophysics and for fostering deeper collaborations between the professional science and amateur radio communities. Technical recommendations include increasing support for distributed instrumentation fielded by amateur radio operators and citizen scientists, developing novel transmissions of RF signals that can be used in citizen science experiments, developing new amateur radio modes that simultaneously allow for communications and ionospheric sounding, and formally incorporating the amateur radio community and its observational assets into the Space Weather R2O2R framework. Collaborative recommendations include allocating resources for amateur radio citizen science research projects and activities, developing amateur radio research and educational activities in collaboration with leading organizations within the amateur radio community, facilitating communication and collegiality between professional researchers and amateurs, ensuring that proposed projects are of a mutual benefit to both the professional research and amateur radio communities, and working towards diverse, equitable, and inclusive communities.

METHODOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF USING CLOUD-ORIENTED OPEN SCIENCE SYSTEMS IN THE PROCESS OF EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The results of the study by E. Yenen and M. Yöntem indicate that the most necessary areas of professional development of teachers are special education, methods of scientific research, participation in projects and relevant professional activities. 14 Dutch institutions of general secondary education have developed and implemented a number of measures related to the concept “School as a professional learning community”. The research of J. Imants and M. M. Van der Wal was to create a model with the potential of professional development and school reform from the position of the teacher at many levels. The research objective. To design a methodical system of using cloud-oriented systems of open science in the process of teaching and professional development of teachers. The statement of basic materials. The creation of a methodical system of training and professional development of teachers involves a number of separate methods of using cloud-oriented components of educational purposes for the formation of teachers' skills in the formation of cloud-oriented systems of open science in the process of their further professional activities. Special attention should be paid to the means of forming and developing a cloud-oriented environment for improving the qualifications of teachers, which may include various services of open science and their combination, separated into appropriate groups.

PHYSICAL THEORY: KEY TERMS AND ITS MATHEMATICAL COMPONENT

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The movement from classical physics to modern physics occurred as a result of the emergence of a number of paradoxes in classical theory. This feature is characteristic to some extent of the electromagnetic theory of Maxwell, Einstein's theory of relativity, etc. The research objective . We will try to consider the key terms of physical theory and show the role of the mathematical component in its creation. The statement of basic materials. The article deals with some modern problems of the methodology and foundations of physics, in particular: whether mathematical formalisms contain interpretations of themselves or whether they need to be supplemented by interpretive predictions, and if so, how these predictions are formulated; what physical theories describe: physical systems or laboratory operations, either one or another, or neither of them; how the basic concepts of theory should be introduced, by reference to measuring operations, or by means of clear definitions, or axiomatically; how physical theories relate to each other; how theory relates to experiment: directly or with the help of additional theories.

There is no Open Science without infrastructure and science community

This paper focuses on the role of national-level infrastructure in promoting open science principles, with a specific emphasis on Slovenia. It presents the latest measures implemented within the country to facilitate open science practices.The first part of the paper explores the specific measures adopted in Slovenia to promote open science. It highlights the ongoing development of regulations to implement scientific research following open science principles. The Slovenian Scientific Research and Innovation Activities Act (ZZrID) and the Resolution on the Slovenian Scientific Research and Innovation Strategy 2030 (ReZrIS30) strongly emphasise open science and encompass various measures. The paper discusses the accessibility of research data addressed by the ZZrID and the Decree on the implementation of scientific research work in accordance with the principles of open science. Furthermore, it outlines upcoming actions in education and infrastructure solutions, as outlined in the Open Science Action Plan.The second part of the paper delves into the role of the Academic and Research Network of Slovenia (ARNES), the Slovenian national research and education network (NREN). ARNES has played a pivotal role in the construction of two new national data centres dedicated to the permanent storage of research data. The paper analyses the benefits of these national solutions, which enhance infrastructure accessibility, simplify researchers' work, and provide a more efficient and secure environment for research organisations to store their data. The development of data storage services and the construction of data centres take into consideration existing best practices and collaboration with researchers and research organisations. The solutions offered by the data centres will support existinguniversity repositories and align with the objectives outlined in the Open Science Action Plan. The integration of research funding and evaluation services into a centralised platform will be thoughtfully considered, taking into account the requirements of the research community. A key objective is to enable the implementation of services and infrastructure in accordance with OpenAIRE, where ARNES will play a pivotal role. As a mandated organisation in the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) and being in touch with best practices in the EU area as an NREN, ARNES is well-positioned to contribute to this endeavour.The paper also highlights the broader objective of improving research quality, efficiency, and responsiveness within the national open science ecosystem. It discusses the establishment of the Slovenian Open Science Community (SSOZ) as part of the tripartite European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) event, making Slovenia one of the pioneering countries in the European Union. The SSOZ, along with Slovenian representatives in the EOSC, has already addressed challenges related to the permanent preservation of research data, which will be comprehensively discussed in relation to the new data centres and associated activities.Additionally, there is a growing demand for education on repository usage and infrastructure upgrades. The Slovenian Open Science Community serves as a unifying platform for all major universities and research institutions in Slovenia, fostering collaboration among its members. It encompasses participants from various initiatives, such as the NI4OS project, which aims to promote the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) at a regional level. Furthermore, the community includes stakeholders from the Coalition for Advancing Research Assessment (CoARA) and similar European and institutional initiatives dedicated to advancing open science principles.Drawing from the experience of the case study, the paper critically highlights how the national infrastructure can simplify researchers' work. It emphasises the role of data centres in fostering sustainable and long-term data storage solutions aligned with the principles of open science. As an NREN, ARNES already manages public research infrastructure and offers solutions that facilitate research, such as data sharing and access to EuroHPC's supercomputing infrastructure. The establishment of new data centres by ARNES will significantly enhance the infrastructure for open science in Slovenia, providing primary conditions for implementing open science principles in research work. The implementation of planned professional training programs focused on utilising the infrastructure, along with workshops on open science organised by the Central Technical Library at the University of Ljubljana specifically for researchers in Slovenia, will serve as essential catalysts for enabling research activities that align with the principles of open science. With the infrastructure in place, these initiatives will empower researchers with the necessary knowledge and skills to embrace open science practices effectively.

School-parents relationships: a bibliometric study on 40 years of scientific publications.

The present paper explores the amount of research activity estimated through the growth of scientific literature in the field of parents’ participation in their childrens’ schooling: it is a so-called bibliometric analysis. Assessing the “size of science” is a complex task, but bibliometric techniques have been shown to be useful in the development of scientific research activity to address emerging concerns such as the rate of development of a certain discipline and of some specific areas of scientific interest (Katz & Hicks, 1997).Data for analysis were collected from several relevant queries restricted to articles accessible through Cambridge Scientific Abstract (C.S.A.) on-line research platform. Nearly 11,000 bibliographic records were retrieved, with publication dates ranging from 1966 to 2005.In this study researchers attempted to answer two main research questions: which is the rate of literature growth in the field of parent participation (and the expected rate for the forthcoming years)? Which are the different patterns of literature production through different research fields (Pedagogy,Psychology, Sociology, etc.)?Our results reveal a strong growth rate in the number of articles published, and rather significant differences in the various disciplines taken into consideration.

RESEARCH-BASED STUDENT PRACTICE IN GERMAN UNIVERSITIES

Higher education in Germany is characterized by a tendency to form an educational space of an organic combination of student learning and scientific research activities. Involvement of applicants into scientific researches contributes to the formation in them of a stable interest in the future profession, an active position in life, motives for realizing one's potential, self-development and self-improvement throughout life. The experience of Germany is of particular interest for domestic research, since this country has developed methodological and technological potential, as well as effective forms and methods for organizing student research activities, including during practice. The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of practical training of students in higher education in Germany as a means of forming their research competence. Research methods – analysis of scientific literature, systematization (to clarify the key concepts of the study), comparative analysis (to clarify the peculiarities of practical education in higher education in Germany and its research component), generalization (to form the author's conclusions). It has been established that research training of future teachers during practice is carried out by ensuring its consistency and modularity - orientation practice takes place on the basis of the university, professional field practice (referendariat) takes place at the Center for Practical Training of Future Teachers. Interaction between the university and the Center occurs in the following areas: agreement on the basic principles of student learning in practice; defining a practical training strategy; exchange of experience in practical training of future teachers. It has been determined that the German model of practical training of students includes five components (blocks): 1) subject-institutional (cooperation council, Centre for Practical Training of Future Teachers, Centre for Pedagogical Research, practical semester working group, coordinators, university teachers, school teachers, students); 2) functional-practical (determines the functional responsibilities of subjects of practical training); 3) content-targeted (represented by the stages and goals of practical training, defined by the humanistic-constructivist concept); 4) procedural-technological (involves the formation of research skills through the use of such forms and methods as: seminar, consultation, discussion, case analysis, individual task, reflection of performance results, portfolio); 5) control and evaluation (involves comparing the learning outcomes obtained by students in practice with the regulatory requirements for the professional activities of teachers).

CONTENT AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF THE PROCESS OF FORMING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF MATHEMATICS

The competitiveness of a teacher is an indicator of successful professional activity, the ability to be in demand due to a number of personal and professional qualities that determine a high level of expertise in the educational field. The effectiveness of forming the competitiveness of the future mathematics teacher will be higher under the condition of purposeful, systematic training in higher education, in particular, through the implementation of appropriate content and technological support. The purpose of the article is to characterize the content, forms, methods and technologies of the process of forming the competitiveness of future mathematics teachers. Research methods – analysis of scientific literature, systematization (to clarify the key concepts of research), implementation of research results in practice, observation, generalization (for the purpose of forming author's conclusions). It has been established that the formation of the competitiveness of future mathematics teachers occurs through the implementation of the system model of competitiveness formation in the process of scientific research activities and pedagogical conditions that ensure its effectiveness (using the potential of humanitarian disciplines in the process of forming the competitiveness of future mathematics teachers; organizing positive competition among students in the process of scientific research activities; motivational and stimulating support for the development of competitiveness of future mathematics teachers through the use of a set of pedagogical incentives; ensuring social partnership of subjects of educational activity in the process of developing the competitiveness of future mathematics teachers). The environment of scientific research activity contains three components: educational, practical-professional and research-innovative. The educational component provides for the formation of the competitiveness of future teachers during classroom training (through the use of a number of technologies, forms and methods - games, problems, cases, discussions, portfolios, the preparation of scientific papers, the performance of socio-pedagogical research) and extracurricular work (meetings with leading teachers, researchers, excursions). The practical-professional component involves the research orientation of student practices - propaedeutic and pedagogical. The research and innovation component enables the work of the students in scientific circles, student scientific society, conferences, competitions of scientific works, Olympiads, academic mobility, grants, and the implementation of socio-pedagogical research.

THE ROLE OF MUSEUMS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE VOCATIONAL TRAINING SYSTEM

The development of higher education, professional training of highly qualified future specialists necessitates the use of various forms, methods, and means of organizing the educational process.Today, questions about the peculiarities of university museum complexes, their specific features, as well as how their involvement in the educational process will contribute to the improvement of the professional training of specialists, are gaining relevance and cause considerable interest, since there are very few significant works and studies in this field.In the context of the integration of the educational process and museum activities, the issues of museum pedagogy as a separate interdisciplinary direction of research are becoming more and more relevant.The article reveals the role of museums of higher education institutions as a unique scientific and educational space in the professional training system.The author highlighted the activities of the Museum of History of Kherson State University – a structural unit where educational classes, research projects, meetings of scientific schools are held, scientific research is underway to research new unknown pages, study the history of each faculty.At the Kherson State University, the museum is a structural unit where educational classes, research projects, meetings of scientific schools are conducted, scientific research is underway to research new unknown pages, and study the history of each faculty. Many forms of work have become traditional for preparing young scientists: the annual summary of the student project «From student to professor», «Science schools of the university in the professional self-determined specialist».
 Postgraduate students studying the history of pedagogy take an active part in the work of the Center for Regional Historical and Pedagogical Research. Also, the museum and archive center is successfully used in the study of individual educational modules of the disciplines «Introduction to the profession», «Management in education», «History of pedagogy», «Pedagogy and psychology of higher education».It was found that the museums of educational institutions are a unique scientific and educational space that expands the possibilities of high-quality professional training of future specialists using modern information technologies. The specified aspects are promising for further scientific research and practical activities of museums of higher education institutions in the system of professional training.

STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITIES ORGANIZATION IN DESIGN AND PLANNING

In our research, the main attention is paid to the peculiarities of scientific research activities organization of students of various creative specialties, both standardized by curricula and educational programs of future specialist professional training, and voluntary during extracurricular time. The characteristic features of students’ mandatory (standardized) scientific research activity, which is related to the performance of coursework and qualification diploma theses, have been determined. We have also revealed a number of methods and means of voluntary, but motivated or interested involvement of student youth in scientific research activities through the performance of scientific, technical and project tasks by students during the period of industrial practices, participation in the work of educational and scientific laboratories, student design bureaus, design workshops associations and creative unions, fulfillment of production orders.
 Carrying out research projects encourages students to study and use innovative solutions, technologies, equipment, etc. In this way, the relationship between students’ scientific research and innovative activity in the process of professional training of future specialists in creative specialties is proven; in particular, examples of future engineers’ experimental scientific research activity and future designers’ project-technological artistic and creative scientific work are given.
 In the process of scientific research, the essence and significance of research and innovation activities of students of creative specialties have been determined for future specialists’ professional self-development and the formation of personal qualities, competencies, knowledge, abilities and skills in certain fields of knowledge.
 Forms of pedagogical guidance of students’ scientific research and innovative activities, methods and means of involving students to participate in scientific and practical conferences, round tables, exhibitions, professional competitions, as well as publication of the results of scientific research work in collections of student scientific works and catalogs of creative works are outlined.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POSITIVISTIC PRINCIPLE IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Nowadays, mainstream scientific research activities have been carried out using two methods or approaches, the first is quantitative (positivistic) by testing hypotheses as evidence and the second is qualitative (post-positivistic) by analyzing case studies, phenomena to measure the depth of formal aspects in assessing subjective events that occur in the field. This research provides a thorough understanding to identify the differences between positivistic and post-positivistic lines of thought and review the mutual combination of positivistic thinking with qualitative-based research activities which tend to be at odds. This research was conducted through library research method. Reference sources are obtained from books, journals and other relevant references. The results of this research indicate that positivistic thinking of thought does not tend to be an obstacle to conduct a qualitative research. This is proven by the emergence of several theories that can be used as analytical tools to provide additional references to support the validity of data collection in the field.

Research competence as the basis of students’ professional competence formation

The purpose of the research is to investigate research competence as the basis of students’ professional competence formation. The definition to the notion of research competence as a complex personal formation has been given. Analysis of a significant number of studies and publications with the focus on the study of theoretical foundations of students’ scientific research activity organization, scientific research organizations, formation of readiness for scientific research activity has been done. Researchers’ approaches to defining the essence of the concept "research competence" have been distinguished. The characteristics of research competence, which are generally recognized as common and mandatory, have been identified. Research competence is considered as an indicator of the quality of education and is characterized by future specialists’ adaptation abilities to the conditions of multi-role research activity, including the ability to design and implement it, personal and professional self-realization, establishing interpersonal, business, professional, social connections and the ability to continue self-education.

Medical students’ interest in research: changing trends during university training

IntroductionResearch is an important aspect of medical training and plays a vital role in the advancement of evidence-based medicine. However, little is known about medical students’ attitudes towards research. So, the aim of this study was to assess the opinion of medical students on scientific research.MethodsA cross-sectional study was designed that included students from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain. A survey was distributed to assess their interest about research during undergraduate studies (1) and following graduation (2), participation in research activities (3), barriers towards research (4), expectation values and self-perceived skills (5). The opinions of students who had not taken clinical subjects (2nd year students) and students who had taken clinical subjects (4th and 6th year students) were compared.Results91 students were included in the study (32 were 2nd year students and 59 were 4th and 6th year students). More 4th and 6th year students showed no interest in research (50.4% vs. 28.1%, p = 0.042) or in pursuing a doctoral thesis (75% vs. 50.9%, p = 0.079) than 2nd year students. In addition, more 4th and 6th year students felt that they did not have sufficient skills to engage in scientific research (52.4% vs. 18.9%, p = 0.002). Likewise a greater number of 4th and 6th year students considered that the professors did not encourage scientific research activities (74.6% vs. 40.6%, p = 0.002). Generally, students do not participate in scientific dissemination events. The main barriers to research identified were lack of funding and lack of awareness of opportunities.ConclusionInterest in research among medical students seems to decrease as the academic years progress. More research promotion could be implemented during the years of university studies.

PD Days Under the Moon: Teaching Lunar Phases to In-Service Teachers by Doing Astronomy Like Astronomers Do and its Impact on Their Students’ Learning

Several school curricula urge K-12 teachers to engage their students in scientific inquiry activities that not only promote students’ learning in science, but also foster students’ understanding of science methodology. Unfortunately, recent large-scale studies have shown that inquiry-based science teaching in school is the exception, rather than the norm. This is especially true for astronomy, which teachers often consider too abstract and remote for inquiry-based teaching. To promote inquiry-based teaching in astronomy, we present an epistemological and historical analysis of the way astronomers build new knowledge and propose to teach astronomy through a scientific inquiry process consisting of “Doing astronomy like astronomers do”. This inquiry-based approach, which also includes observation, modelling, and communication with peers, emulates the different steps astronomers and scientists go through to do empirical science (question, hypothesis, observation, analysis/synthesis, modelling, prediction/application, and communication), transposed into a teaching and learning lesson plan about the phases of the Moon. The crucial steps of observation, analysis/synthesis, and modelling, where astronomers create models as proxies of astronomical objects that cannot be manipulated, is highlighted. This inquiry-based astronomy training, which also promotes conceptual change about lunar phases, was tested with 18 in-service elementary and high school teachers engaged in a professional development (PD) training program. Three participant teachers also taught lunar phases to their own elementary and high school students (N = 104) using the same approach. We present the results of a quasi-experimental study of the impacts of this PD training about lunar phases on the learning gains and self-efficacy of the participating in-service teachers, as well as on their students’ learning.

Bibliographic records in the field of occupational safety and health in the Republic of Slovenia between 1991 and 2021

The article presents activity of publishing scientific research papers, professional and other types of articles in the field of safety and health at work in the Republic of Slovenia in the period between 1991 and 2021. For the purposes of obtaining relevant data, we used the Slovenian library information system (COBISS). COBISS is intended for electronic management of bibliographies and the classification of works according to the UDK, which we processed with Office tools. The final goal of the paper is to present key findings about the scientific research and professional activity of the authors in the field of safety and health at work in the Republic of Slovenia. Through a bibliographic analysis with an emphasis on the typology of documents, we try to show the productivity of the authors in relation to their scientific, professional and other works in the field of safety and health at work.

Analisis Bibliometrik Publikasi Isu Kebocoran Data Menggunakan VOSviewer

Data leakage can harm individuals who experience it, such as identity theft, financial fraud, or even physical security threats. This study aims to analyze scientific publications and research activities in data leakage using bibliometric techniques by involving quantitative analysis using a set of journals as reference sources. The literature for this study was obtained using Publish or Perish software with the keyword "data leakage" and a search result limit of 500. Furthermore, from these results, 85 journals relevant to the research topic were selected for visualization using VOSviewer software. The results showed that the highest number of data leakage publications occurred in 2021, namely 30 journals published that year. Based on the results of the bibliometric analysis conducted, it is known that there are 9 clusters based on keywords and 19 clusters based on author. The most frequently researched keywords include personal data, privacy, data leakage, legal protection, security, cryptography, encryption, and description. On the other hand, some keywords are rarely discussed in publications, namely, air transportation, electronics, and Caesar.