Scientific Organization Of Labor Research Articles

Система управления как конкурентное преимущество (на примере ГАУЗ «МКДЦ»).

The article is devoted to the issue of effective management in a healthcare organization. It reveals the basic principles of a management system used at the State Autonomous Institution of Healthcare «Interregional Clinical and Diagnostic Center»: approaches to the role of the object and subject of management, manager’s tasks, structure of the information-algorithmic management process. Particular attention is paid to creation of a comfortable environment as one of the main tools of the management process. The outcomes of the management system’s implementation are presented in the paper. Purpose of the study. to consider the management system as a competitive advantage using the example of «Interregional Clinical and Diagnostic Center», to substantiate its key principles, to characterize its constituent elements, to summarize the results in order to transfer positive management experience to interested organizations. Materials and methods. The theoretical basis of the study relies on the works of foreign and Russian scientists, containing classical and modern concepts and hypotheses on the theory of management and scientific organization of labor, as well as on seventeen years of managerial experience at «Interregional Clinical and Diagnostic Center». A wide range of methods is used throughout the paper: comparative analysis, qualitative systematic analysis, ergonomic and environmental analysis, statistics. Results. The article explains the management system of «Interregional Clinical and Diagnostic Center» and its underlying principles. This management system has resulted from the application of the methods described above. Further, the article demonstrates practical results of the system’s application, which emphasize theses about the role of the management system and the importance of the environment. Conclusions. The article confirms the hypothesis about the key role of the management system in the success of the professional activities of the organization.

The Evolution of the Memory of Alexei Gastev as the Founder of the National School of Management – Scientific Organization of Labor in Modern Practices of Commemoration

The Scientific Organization of Labor (NOT) became the largest school of management in the young Soviet republic, and Alexei Gastev's work as head of the Central Institute of Labor was duly appreciated by both contemporaries and followers. In this connection, during the subsequent period, the ideas of the authors of the NOT were used in management practice to solve urgent problems. In the post-Soviet period, researchers of the national history of management thought considered the developments of the ideologist of the NOT Alexei Gastev as a paradigmatic stage in the development of managerial ideas in our country. This article analyzes not the ideas of the author of the NOT themselves, but the memory of his ideas and how this memory was reflected in the process of their interpretation and application. The research is based on the methodology of Memory studies by such authors as Maurice Halbwachs, Jan and Aleida Assmann, Pierre Nora, as well as on the approaches of representatives of the Cambridge School of Intellectual History Quentin Skinner and John Pocock and the research apparatus of the concept of deterritorialization by Gilles Deleuze. In addition, the author's approach is used in the form of synthesis of the results of a meaningful and contextual analysis of memory practices. The result of the study is a description and justification of changes in the general context of A. K. Gastev's memory practices. Due to the lack of collective and cultural memory of A. K. Gastev in Soviet times, in the early years of the post-Soviet period, the practice of commemoration focuses on the building of memory through the actualization of research on the scientific organization of labor. Further, the context of actualization loses its significance and the process of attaching the memory of A. K. Gastev to nearby cultural objects, such as the culture of the avant-garde era, takes place. At the moment, the transformation of the memory of A. K. Gastev is clearly expressed in the formation of the cultural memory of "Gastevski". This new form of memory does not yet have precise boundaries, but some contours are already emerging.

Развитие саратовской индустриально-организационной психологии в 1920–1930-е гг.

Introduction. The first study of the history of Saratov organizational psychology was carried out by L. N. Aksenovskaya, who traced the development of the industrial and organizational direction at Saratov State University from 1971 to the present. The purpose of our research was to analyze the process of formation of organizational and psychological science in Saratov in the 1920s–1930s. Such historical and psychological methods as the analysis of information presented in scientific and reference publications, historical reconstruction, interpretation of factual material were used. Theoretical analysis. A study was conducted on the development of Saratov organizational psychology in the 1920s–1930s as an integral part of two directions – scientific organization of labor and psychotechnics. Conclusion. It is established that organizational psychology in Saratov developed in accordance with the general trends of the scientific process for the whole country. For research and practical work, divisions were created at provincial administrative institutions, regional branches of All-Russian scientific communities, experimental laboratories. The article presents the activities of three Saratov laboratories organized by engineers at the Saratov Institute of National Economy, doctors at the Provincial Department of Public Education, psychologists at the Department of Philosophy and Psychology of Saratov University (the heads respectively N. M. Dyakonov, I. L. Stychinsky, A. A. Krogius).

ІСТОРИЧНІ ПЕРЕДВІСНИКИ ПРОГРАМИ «ДЕРЖАВА У СМАРТФОНІ»: СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ ІНЖИНІРИНГ У РОЗРОБКАХ ВСЕУКРАЇНСЬКОГО ІНСТИТУТУ ПРАЦІ (1921–1929)

<p><strong><em>The purpose </em></strong><em>of the research is to investigate the scientific achievements of the All-Ukrainian Institute of Labor (1921–1929) and to reproduce an objective picture of the development of the national school of social engineering.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> In the research process, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, historical and systemic analysis – for the study of scientific periodicals of the 20s of the 20th century and the identification of common constants in the scientific understanding of the stated problems; the social and communication approach and the historical and comparative method of evaluating historical facts made it possible to reproduce an objective panorama of the formation of the domestic school of social engineering.</em></p><p><strong><em>The results.</em></strong><em> The author convincingly argues that the scientific organization of labor was to become a multi-industry project and a state management program aimed at modernizing the industrial and administrative system of the new country. Representatives of the All-Ukrainian Institute of Labor in a fairly short time prepared a unique scientific foundation for state and industrial reforms and modeled an accurate, ergonomic image of a worker – a person who is able to feel comfortable not only in the new engineering and technical, but also in socio-political conditions. The author differentiates the concepts of «social engineering», «scientific management», «scientific organization of labor» and points to their scientific and applied specificity.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> The article rehabilitates the unresearched scientific results of the All-Ukrainian Labor Institute; new historical facts of the development of Ukrainian periodicals are added to the scientific circulation.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical importance.</em></strong><em> The results of the article can be used in the educational process of a higher school, as well as in the reconstruction of an objective picture of the formation of the idea of Ukrainian statehood, based on scientific and technological principles. </em></p><p><strong><em>Key word</em></strong><em>s</em><strong><em>:</em></strong><em> </em><em>scientific organization of work, social and communication technologies, social engineering, propaganda, advertising, digital transformation.</em></p>

Analysis and Justification of the Effect of Digital Transformation of Enterprises and Organizations

The purpose of the study. The article is devoted to the analysis and justification of the effect of digital transformation of enterprises based on the development of effective business models that support modern digital technologies and ensure increased labour productivity. A critical analysis of the impact of digitalization on business efficiency has been carried out. It is shown that the introduction of modern digital technologies does not automatically increase the efficiency of companies, but it is necessary to carry out changes within the company as part of new business models. An urgent task is set to investigate the models of changes in organizational and economic relations at enterprises as a result of the adaptation of the principles and methods of Scientific Organization of Labour (SOL) in relation to new digital technologies.Materials and methods of research. The article provides an analytical review of a large number of publications devoted to substantiating the effect of digital transformation of enterprises and organizations. As research methods, the analysis of complex changes in the mechanisms of coordination of performers of business processes, redistribution of their functions, and modification of the organizational structure of the enterprise based on the method of Scientific Organization of Labour is proposed. The use of a combination of these methods will allow the implementation of corporate information systems in accordance with a business model adequate to the conditions of the enterprise, taking into account the principles and methods of Scientific Organization of Labour.Results. It is proposed to separate the external and internal aspects of the digital transformation of the enterprise. As an external aspect, the influence of digital technologies on changing business models is justified from the point of view of a new business strategy. As an internal aspect, it is proposed to consider the change in organizational and economic relations of employees of enterprises in production and business processes, taking into account the principles and methods of Scientific Organization of Labour.Conclusion. The novelty of the research lies in the substantiation of the effect of digital transformation of the enterprise based on the development of principles and methods of Scientific Organization of Labour (SOL); in the systematic consideration of the concept of digital transformation, in which the condition of necessity is the use of adequate digital technologies in the business processes of the enterprise, and the condition of sufficiency is a change in organizational and economic relations within the framework of the business models being implemented. As a recommendation, the need to include research on the adaptation of methods of Scientific Organization of Labour in relation to the digital transformation of domestic enterprises and organizations in national technological initiatives is justified. These studies should be based on the achievements of the Russian scientific school in the fields of system analysis, cybernetics and computer science.

LIMRUC. ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF REPAIR OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES

To improve the quality of technological processes during the restoration of parts of automotive engines, we carried out micrometrage of the geometric parameters of the working surfaces of the base part of the diesel engines, the block crankcase of the SMD-60 engine on the assembly line of the Remselmash repair plant. (Research purpose) The research purpose is increasing the shape accuracy of the working surfaces of the block crankcase after boring the beds. (Materials and methods) The goal is achieved by increasing the rigidity of the blocks by installing cylinder liners and tightening the bed covers before boring. The following parameters were monitored: upper and lower seats for the cylinder liner, the inner diameter of the cylinder liners before and after pressing into the crankcase, sockets for the inserts of the crankshaft main bearings, holes for the camshaft support necks and for pushers. The state of repair production is assessed by a comprehensive indicator of the organizational and technical level, taking into account the availability and use of regulatory and technical documentation for repairs, advanced repair and technological equipment and tools; the level of technical control, scientific organization of labor and production culture. The complex indicator of the organizational and technical level is 0.67, which is lower than the base value of 0.85. (Results and discussion) The quality of the repaired products is assessed using the Kd defect index based on the micrometreage of the main parts after the restoration and quality control of the assembly of the SMD-60 engines. The defect rate is 597 points, which is significantly higher than the standard value, which should be less than or equal to 280 points for repaired SMD-60 engines with a resource of 80 percent of the new ones. (Conclusions) In order to increase the complex indicator of the organizational and technical level of repair production and reduce the level of defects of repaired engines, it is necessary to organize systematic quality control of the repair of SMD-60 engines, input control of new and restored parts and assemblies and provide workplaces with measuring tools.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ САМООРГАНИЗАЦИИ СТУДЕНТОВ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО ВУЗА

When studying the development of self-organization of students — future teachers, its importance is high in the current conditions of an unstable world, both for the student and for the teacher. The transition of world development from a complex and ambiguous world (VUCA-world) to a nonlinear and incomprehensible world (BANI-world) requires a change in the person himself. Complex types of activities, including educational and pedagogical, do not leave their subject a choice to be organized or not. Self-organization of the individual acts as the ability to independently form internal ordered stable structures in response to the challenges of the new BANI world. The concept of self-organization does not have a single, accepted definition, and is considered at various levels, from different sides, by various scientific directions. From the standpoint of a technical approach (scientific organization of labor, time management), the results of a survey of students of a pedagogical university are presented. The factors that complicate the educational activities of students are identified; factors that hinder the development of self-organization competence, as well as factors that help reduce stress in the learning process and perform educational activities at the required level. It is shown that there are significant differences between full-time and part-time students in some personal factors that prevent students from being organized. The ways of further research of the problem field of self-organization development in the educational process of the university through the definition of methodology, including axiological grounds, are proposed.

ЦИФРОВОЙ ПРОФИЛЬ ЛИЦА КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ РАССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ

Introduction: the article examines how the ongoing digital transformation of society is manifested in the field of criminal procedure relations, digitalization of forensic activities. The authors substantiate the prospective possibilities of detecting and investigating crimes using the digital profile of an individual. The digital profile consists of the registration data of subjects and objects in the digital system of legal relations, biometric personal data, digital identifiers of the individual and the terminal equipment, information systems, computer networks. The paper analyzes the evolution of the concepts ‘profile,’ ‘profiling,’ ‘digital profile’ and their use in the context of crime detection and investigation. The authors offer a classification of identifiers that constitute the methodological, informational, technological basis of the digital profile. The study shows the significance of electronic interaction of investigation bodies with the subjects of information technology systems in obtaining evidentiary information concerning pre-criminal, criminal, and post-criminal information about the person who has committed a crime based on the digital profile data. Purpose: in the context of information society and widespread dissemi- nation of digital information about life and legally significant actions of a person, investigating authorities should use the scientific organization of labor in collecting evidentiary information in criminal cases. The paper aims to substantiate the special role of the digital profile as ensur- ing a change in the paradigm of proof, as accelerating the formation of a modern information- technological strategy of investigation and introduction of electronic evidence and electronic document management in criminal proceedings. Methods: general scientific methods (dialectic, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization) and special scientific methods (compar- ative-legal, technical-legal). Results: the authors have analyzed the existing information legis- lation, the positions of scientists on the potential of digital technologies, information systems, computer networks, digital platforms, artificial intelligence, and neural networks. The analysis indicates the need to optimize the practice of proving in criminal cases using digital profiles and modern information infrastructure, i.e. the need to switch to a new information- technological strategy of crime investigation. The paper offers a new approach to the electronic interaction of the preliminary investigation bodies with the subjects of information technology systems aimed at creating a ‘search’ portrait of a suspect by obtaining digital data about the person and the circumstances of the crime. Conclusions: it is necessary to develop a new inves- tigation strategy as preliminary investigation requires modernization based on the information and technological development of society. The archaic forms and methods of gathering evidence do not correspond to the principles of scientific organization of criminal procedure with regard to collection of evidence already accumulated in the modern infrastructure of all video surveil- lance systems, databases, cellular networks, banking, payment, and other information systems. The experience of other states shows that the use of the results of criminal intelligence opera- tions organized in a new way, the introduction of electronic document management and online interaction with subjects of information technology systems can dramatically optimize prelimi- nary investigation

History of Social Engineering Theories

The first mentions of “social engineering” and “social technologies” concepts started from the 19th century. Until the present moment, different lines of this story have been left neglected and insufficiently researched. In the article, initial meanings and authentic contexts of their usage are explained in more details. The investigation reaches the 1920s−1930s and is finished at the intersection of the Soviet and the American contexts concerned with scientific organization of labor, business optimization and economic planning. In conclusion, recent modifications of social engineering are briefly characterized. They are connected with development of information technologies and automation of smart cities. The research appeals toward histories of scientific management in North America and Western Europe, its industrial roots and unexplained foundations. Meanwhile, it is philosophically substantial due to conceptual analysis and explication of presuppositions of our thinking in respect of society and ways of changing social reality. After Sir Karl Popper, social engineering has been associated with the Soviet methods of planning and centralized governance. However, one can be assured that until now this concept has evolved by different, alternative trajectories within the context of industrial modernization of Europe and America. Within post-industrial world, the vision of social engineering has been enriched by IT-analogies, and social practice is interpreted in light of organizational, cultural, mental, or historical algorithms, which are the subject of purposeful manipulation and modification.

Особливості змісту навчальної дисципліни «Педагогічний консалтинг» у підготовці студентів за магістерськими програмами

The content of the article considers the issue of training teachers and heads of educational organizations in the specialties 011 «Educational, pedagogical». Problems of teaching students in these specialties involve obtaining the necessary knowledge and opportunities for professional development.The article draws attention to the study of the concept of consulting services in Ukraine in the field of education. The analysis of research on the concept of «consulting» as an activity, in terms of different approaches, revealed that it plays an important role in the development of educational organizations. Since consulting is based on the scientific organization of labor, systematic analysis, scientifically sound methods of decision making. The focus is on understanding the importance of management consulting, which helps identify which places in the organization are most vulnerable, adjusts the activities of the organization as a whole and in turn, is divided into strategic, marketing and personnel. It is proved that the study of the discipline «Pedagogical Consulting» in the training of the second (master) level should enrich students with knowledge about the possibilities and effectiveness of consulting counseling, psychological and pedagogical audit, skills of consultants-trainers who coordinate activities in small organizations and groups, master the skills to develop programs for innovative development of the team and conduct various types of diagnostics, etc. It is determined that in the process of teaching the discipline the main attention should be paid to the acquisition of professional competencies by students; intensification of educational and cognitive activities of students, which involves the use of both active and interactive learning technologies; the use of certain methods of activating the learning process. A necessary element of successful mastering of the discipline material is independent work of students, and the system of assessment of formed competencies in students, which considers the types of classes stimulates daily systematic work of masters and increases motivation of masters to master management educational programs based on evaluation of their work

Особливості змісту навчальної дисципліни «Педагогічний консалтинг» у підготовці студентів за магістерськими програмами

The content of the article considers the issue of training teachers and heads of educational organizations in the specialties 011 Educational, pedagogical. Problems of teaching students in these specialties involve obtaining the necessary knowledge and opportunities for professional development. The article draws attention to the study of the concept of consulting services in Ukraine in the field of education. The analysis of research on the concept of «consulting» as an activity, in terms of different approaches, revealed that it plays an important role in the development of educational organizations. Since consulting is based on the scientific organization of labor, systematic analysis, scientifically sound methods of decision making. The focus is on understanding the importance of management consulting, which helps identify which places in the organization are most vulnerable, adjusts the activities of the organization as a whole and in turn, is divided into strategic, marketing and personnel. It is proved that the study of the discipline «Pedagogical Consulting» in the training of the second (master) level should enrich students with knowledge about the possibilities and effectiveness of consulting counseling, psychological and pedagogical audit, skills of consultants-trainers who coordinate activities in small organizations and groups, master the skills to develop programs for innovative development of the team and conduct various types of diagnostics, etc. It is determined that in the process of teaching the discipline the main attention should be paid to the acquisition of professional competencies by students; intensification of educational and cognitive activities of students, which involves the use of both active and interactive learning technologies; the use of certain methods of activating the learning process. A necessary element of successful mastering of the discipline material is independent work of students, and the system of assessment of formed competencies in students, which considers the types of classes stimulates daily systematic work of masters and increases motivation of masters to master management educational programs based on evaluation of their work.

Theoretical and philosophical approaches of Russian management thought to the correlation of occupational reasonability and human factor

One of the fundamental problems in management is the issue of correlation of occupational rationality and human factor. The highest recognition of this issue was achieved in the Russian management thought in the early 1900s. The authors have concentrated their attention on the Russian management thought, since it is studied less in comparison with classical Western management schools. This article analyzes the works by the major philosophers and theoreticians of management, their approaches and attitudes to the mentioned issue are considered, the main results of conferences on scientific organization of labor held in the USSR are studied. The main aim of the article is retrospective analysis and systematization of approaches of the Russian scientists to the correlation between occupational rationality and human capital. The results of the study are arranged in the form of correlation matrix of various sides and attitudes on this issue in the works by various Russian philosophers of management. It should be mentioned that solution to this problem is relevant at present, since digitization minimizes the significance and opportunities of human factor.

Management of knowledge maturity in construction by constructive-technological templates

Formulation of the problem.Currently, management of knowledge maturity as a management discipline is insufficiently represented in the practice of construction companies. Given the high amount of commercial, management and production information processed in the management of the investment and construction process, the management of knowledge maturity requires the development of appropriate tool, which can be constructive-technological templates. Goal. Development of the “constructive-technological template” concept for managing the maturity of knowledge in construction. Main results. The article analyzes the approaches to knowledge management in the context of investment and construction process. The main provisions of the concept of “constructive-technological template” were developed and presented as an information tool for construction management. On this basis, recommendations were developed for the management of knowledge maturity with the help of constructive-technological template. Research has shown that the constructive-technological template is an information block consisting of interconnected models of product and construction processes. This block allows to make full-fledged production models that gives the possibility to solve a wide range of problems: commercial, managerial, architectural, constructive, technological, operational. This association implements current management methods: scientific organization of labor and management, system and process approaches, project management and engineering, building information modeling. Thus, the constructive-technological template is modern information management tool in construction. Templates as information blocks can be used for different purposes, have different structure and differentiation during the investment and construction process. These processes determine the maturity management of constructive-technological template, i.e. knowledge in construction. Conclusion. The use of constructive-technological template as a tool for managing the maturity of knowledge in construction allows to obtain a significant economic and technical effect. Namely: to increase sales of construction and engineering services, construction products; to increase the efficiency of production management; to increase the quality of construction products; to reduce direct and general production costs; to reduce the total cost of construction and operation of buildings. This is possible by combining different management requirements in one information tool.

Optimization of labor processes in innovation enterprises of Russia

The article shows the need to optimize management decisions to improve the efficiency of labor organization in innovative enterprises. The main tasks of the scientific organization of labor (SOL) for existing and innovative processes are presented. The use of methods of research operations and modeling to optimize labor processes is considered.

The concept of socio-economic regulation of labor activity of employees of a coal-mining enterprise

Relevance of the work. Nowadays, Russian enterprises and their employees are subjects of the labour, product, services market, and capital market. An analysis of the theory, methodology and practice of labour standards for workers in coalmining enterprises has shown that rate fixing, as one of the important institutions that regulate the quality, quantity and efficiency of labour use, restrains an employee’s subjectivity in the labour market. Lack of subjectivity is disadvantageous either to employees, or to management (to the owners of the enterprise, or the state), since it does not allow increasing labour efficiency, which is a source of workers’ dissatisfaction with the quality of working life and incomes, labour conflicts, insufficient to ensure the competitiveness of enterprises with increased productivity and labour safety, insufficient growth tax revenues to the state budget. These circumstances indicate the need to develop the theory and methodology of labour standards for workers of coal-mining enterprises aimed at increasing the market subjectivity of each employee of the enterprise by means of socio-economic standardization of his labour activity allowing the employee to satisfy his socioeconomic needs, and the enterprise to carry out socio-economic development as one of the conditions for effective functioning in a market environment. Purpose of the work – theoretical and methodological substantiation of the socio-economic standardization of labour activity of coal-mining workers as a real socio-economic phenomenon and a means to increase their market subjectivity, and for an enterprise to successfully realize the goals of socio-economic development in the conditions of high dynamics of the functioning environment. Methodology and methods of research. The methodology of socio-economic regulation of labour activity of workers is based on the theoretical and methodological provisions of the scientific organization of labour, the results of modern research on the development of labour standards in the context of the formation of a socially oriented market economy and an institutional approach that allows us studying the problems of functioning and changing the role of labour standards as one of the social and economic institutions that form the market subjectivity of the employee and the level of social -economic development of the enterprise. Results of the research. The key concepts of the methodology of socio-economic standardization are identified, the main provisions of the concept of socio-economic standardization of labour activity of coal-mining workers are developed. Conclusions. The increase in the market subjectivity of workers is ensured by the formation and adoption by the enterprise management of the socio-economic standardization of the labour activity of workers at all levels of management, which is based on the determination, establishment and maintenance of a measure of conformity of the social and economic benefits received by the employee, the results of his labour activity and the conditions for obtaining these results.

Scientific organization of labor in post-revolutionary Russia: role and specificity

This article carries out an analysis of the national tradition of scientific organization of labor due to the established epistemic situation in post-revolutionary Russia of the 1920’s – 1930’s. Based on clarification of Bolsheviks’ views on labor and its organization, an idea is formulated that the Soviet model of labor rationality was characterized by the unique sociocultural meaning, as it acquired rather uncommon features for the history of organizational thought. It is demonstrated that in many instances it was substantiated not only by the political agenda. In the conducted society the author refers to the concept of “repair society” applicable to post-revolutionary Russia, as well as pitches an idea that the proposed by the Bolsheviks goals and objectives on scientific organization of labor, unlike such in the Western scientific management, carried a reconstructive character. In this sense, labor and its organization in eyes of the Soviet society were associated primarily with the repair or restoration of either things, technology, household or social ties. The reconstructive meaning of the Soviet model of labor rationality is clarified through explication of the content of fundamental ideas and experiments of the Bolsheviks pertaining to organization of social life, working process, industry and individual traits of a person.

ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЭТАП СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ СОЦИОЛОГИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В РОССИИ

In the framework of the presented study, a preliminary (pre-revolutionary) stage of the formation of Russian management sociology is considered. This process can be traced in the context of the socio-economic situation that developed in the country during the indicated chronological period: the rapid development of capitalism after the abolition of serfdom in 1861 and, first of all, of the industrial revolution. Along with this, the formation of the management sociology is analyzed against the background of the general development of sociological science in Russia in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The immediate object of research is the processes that formed the basis for the further formation of the sociology of management: the formation of a scientific theory of management and the development of industrial sociology. The influence of the ideas of F.U. Taylor on the formation in post-reform Russia of their own ideas about the scientific organization of labor and production management. It is emphasized, on the one hand, the obvious interest in advanced ideas in the field of labor organization, and on the other hand, the ambiguity of the assessments given to the principles formed by the American author. Examples of the practical application of the provisions of Taylorism in the rapidly developing Russian industry are given. Along with the theoretical component, the formation of an actively interacting empirical direction is studied, attention is paid to the development of a concept and the subsequent conduct of research on the actual state of organization of production in the late XIX – early XX centuries, as well as working and living conditions of factory workers. The direct reasons for determining the need for empirical research in the work are indicated. The directions of research work are determined, together with the socio-economic problems that influenced their formation. The development of research methodology and methodology is considered.

Assessment of working conditions at mining enterprises

The author presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of working conditions and functional systems of the body of workers in the conditions of by-product coke production. Harmful factors of the working environment negatively impacting on the health indicators of workers, which is reflected in the high values of morbidity with temporary disability. Quantitative criteria for identifying risk groups and disability were determined depending on the professional group, work experience, gender and age. To calculate the risk range, the method of rationing of intensive indicators was used, which makes it possible to assess the effect of production on the morbidity of workers, as well as to use the results obtained for a comprehensive integral assessment of the likelihood of the risk of disability in the studied professional groups. Ranges of risk have been obtained, which will help to identify "risk groups" among workers requiring examination and preventive measures. Equations of multiple regressions for complex integral risk assessment are obtained, risk forecast for the studied professional groups is calculated. The developed mathematical model and equations of multiple regressions make it possible to calculate the stress levels of the functional systems of the body, to quickly assess the performance of a person both at the time of examination and in production conditions. The proposed method for assessing the impact of working conditions on health indicators can be used at mining enterprises when certifying workplaces and assessing working conditions. The developed methodological recommendations are used in the educational process to improve the quality of scientific research, to analyze the results obtained, as well as in production to simplify the procedure for assessing the impact of harmful production factors on workers and the scientific organization of labor.

Социальный престиж профессий документоведа и архивиста в России

The work is devoted to the issue of the social prestige of the professions of a documentalist and archivist in Russia. The prestige of the professions is indicated by the data of scientific publications and examples taken from the works of fiction and art, which are also a reflection of the public perceptions of each historical stage. Professions are formed simultaneously with the de-velopment of public administration, and their prestige depended on the level of the hierarchy at which a particular position was located. One of the highest posts in the state service of the Russian Empire was the position of personal secretary. A prestigious service was considered to be in the Moscow Archive of the College of Foreign Affairs. In the 19th century the posts of secretary and state secretary were prestigious. In the first half of the 20th century, the replacement of old quali-fied personnel with ordinary workers takes place. In the second half of the 20th century we can talk about a certain rise in prestige by continuing to organize the scientific organization of labor, creating a powerful material, technical and legal basis that regulates records management and archiving. Currently, there are changes in the technology of working with documents related to digitalization, the emergence of new positions, the profession of documentalist is in demand and is more universal in comparison with the profession of archivist. On the basis of the analysis of the questionnaire of archivists, we identify the key factors of the prestige of the documentalist and archivist, among which the main ones are economic and social. A number of state-economic, vocational-educational and public measures are proposed to increase the prestige of professions.

SOCIAL MECHANISMS OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

The article is devoted to issues of social management in the context of modern industrial and economic transformations. The main purpose of the article is to formulate the author’s concept of scientific management using social mechanisms. As a hypothesis, the possibility of implementing scientific management through the use of social norming is considered. The main research methods were general scientific methods of cognition, in particular, dialectic, system, comparative analysis, as well as the induction method in developing the author’s concept. The article considers the issue of labour management in conditions of the impossibility of applying quantitative labour standards for intellectual and informational activities. The methodological basis consists of the concepts of foreign and domestic researchers regarding the scientific organization of labour. The concept of social norming is formulated, according to which, managers must ensure the existence of two types of social norms in the organization: rigid (unchanging) and flexible (the content of which varies depending on the current tasks of the organization). Based on the specifics of the labour functions of specific workers, managers can model and implement social norms that stimulate certain social changes. Conclusions. Based on the proposed approach, the nature of managerial influence is determined, which consists of two parts: development and implementation of social norms; stimulation of its fastest assimilation by all members of the labour collective.