Scientific Organization Of Labor Research Articles

Formation of management thought in Russia and early USSR from the 1800s to the 1920s

Purpose During the first quarter of the twentieth century in Russia rapidly developed management thought, generated by many reasons, including socio-economic and political transformations, the results of scientific and practical activities of domestic and foreign experts in management. The purpose of this paper is, first, to acquaint readers with some of factors of the development of the history of Russian Management Thought in nineteenth century and at the beginning of twentieth century and, second, to present the most striking results of the formation of the History of Soviet Management Thought (SMT) in post-revolutionary Russia in the form of the movement of the so-called “The scientific organization of labor” (SOL), including “The scientific organization of managerial labor” (or SOML). Design/methodology/approach The review and causal analysis of the process of formation of the SMT and historiography of the SMT, a brief description of the institutions of SOL and SOMT and a comparative analysis of little-known works of some Russian authors on management topics of nineteenth century are chosen as research methods. Findings The paper emphasizes the action of objective historical inertia (or “non-Markoviness”) of the process of development of managerial thought, manifested, on the one hand, in the stable action of some management paradigms but, on the other hand, in identifying paradigmatic anomalies, in identifying the need for constant development of managerial thought, in the development of sought-after ideas and concepts of management, and even in the institutionalization of applied scientific research in the field of management throughout the country (in the form of SOL and SOML). Originality/value The paper attempts to attract the attention of researchers to the little-known Russian and Soviet authors and their little-known works in the field of management thought.

ТЕОРІЯ ТА ІСТОРІЯ КУЛЬТУРИ МЕХАНІСТИЧНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ

Actuality. Management as a phenomenon of culture and an exclusively unique object of scientific knowledge occupies a special place in the life of society. As historical development of mankind is complicated as organizational structures, as well as the culture of management and a set of theories that describe them. However, modern science does not take into account that radical changes in organizational reality occur not continuously, but during the bifurcation of civilization. A specific culture that arose precisely in such conditions is mechanistic management, the study of which is devoted to this article. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is a theoretical and historical analysis of the culture of mechanistic management, the identification of the basic determinants of the genesis of this management culture and the formation of the main directions of its development in conditions of industrialism. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, civilization, historical approaches to the study of social phenomena and processes, and the fundamental provisions of the theory of management. Results. The objective preconditions of the formation of a culture of mechanistic management are determined: European science and mechanism arising from the Newtonian picture of the world – the presentation of organizational reality as a machine, as well as atomism, rationalism and social Darwinism as a "natural law" about inter-species struggle; Protestant ethics as a justification of profit; political economy, which introduced the economy in the form of a machine operating under the laws of Newtonian mechanics; great scientific and technical discoveries, demanding new forms of organization of production. The essence of the article is given, comparative characteristics are given and prospects of further application of the main directions of culture of mechanistic management: scientific organization of labor and management are outlined; administrative management; the bureaucracy. Conclusions and discussion. Scientific novelty of the obtained results consists in identifying the key determinants of the genesis of the culture of mechanistic management and generalization of the peculiarities of the independent trends of this culture, and practical significance is seen in expanding the perceptions of the theory and history of world culture, including in them previously practically not explored in the cultural-historical context ideas, thoughts, views and concepts of mechanistic management.

Activities of the «Komsomol Searchlight» as a Factor in the Development of Soviet Industry in the 1960s

The features of the institutionalization of the “Komsomol Searchlight” are considered, an ambiguous assessment of its activity at industrial enterprises of the USSR of the 1960s is given. From the point of view of the authors, the “Komsomol Searchlight” has become the highest point in the development of the Komsomol control system. It is alleged that both positive and negative aspects of youth participation in public control appeared in its activities. It is reported that a sustainable organizational structure of control units has been developed. It is emphasized that the issues of mass character, specialization, forms of work and study of Komsomol members have been successfully resolved. The authors of the article point out the active role of Komsomol members in strengthening labour discipline and improving the quality of production. It is noted that the “Komsomol Searchlight” contributed to the implementation of the achievements of scientific and technological progress, tried to introduce the foundations of the scientific organization of labour. It is shown that the main problem of the controlling Komsomol units is recognized as an unsatisfactory correction of the identified deficiencies. The main sources of research are archival documents, most of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The uniqueness of the materials of the Komsomol control units (unlike most documents of Soviet organizations of the late period, which is characterized by embellishment of reality) lies in the opportunity to consider the negative phenomena in the economic and public life of the country, to understand their reasons.

«Which of You Is Ready to Take a Leap to the Emptiness Today»?

In any academic discipline of higher professional education, the introductory (first) lecture is extremely important. In the didactic aspect, the development of students’ motivational sphere during this first class has a priority meaning. Drawing on our own pedagogical experience, we offer two variants of the decision of this priority task, which determine the content of the introductory lecture. In the first case, a teacher and students discuss a well-known parable of the three builders of a temple and the ideas of E. Fromm’s book “To Have or to Be?” The second variant was applied at the introductory lecture on didactics for second-year students of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of the Voronezh State Pedagogical University this February. We compared two historical facts: planning of the expedition by C. Columbus and M. Lomonosov’s departure from his home. The Nobel laureate in physics W. Heisenberg interpreted the first event as a “leap to the emptiness.” The objective comparison of the above-mentioned facts indicated who had actually done this Act – the leap to the emptiness. The quintessence of the introductory lecture was a question proposed to students and put to the title of this article. The further discussion of M.V. Lomonosov’s life and work became the statement of the system-forming role of the motivational component in the structure of any kind of human activity (including educational). The second variant of holding the first lecture has shown the greater incentive on students’ motivation. The examination of the scientific foundations of the principles of scientific organization of labor, effective methods of scientific organization of intellectual work, psychological foundations of educational and cognitive activity became the logical continuation of the discussion of the motives of educational and cognitive activity.

INFORMATIONAL AND COMMUNICATIVE NATURE OF SOCIETY: EVOLUTION OF POINTS OF VIEW ON THE ISSUE

Problem setting. Changes in modern society, the increasing role of information and knowledge, improvement of communication, development of network structures, etc. – generate qualitative changes in all kinds of activities at all levels.Recent research and publications analysis. The term “society” is Central to social philosophy. There are many points of view on society, its nature, system features, factors and determinants of development. In the vast majority of publications traced the idea that information and communication is actually an attribute of the information (postindustrial) society. Therefore, in this article attempt to justify attributional information and commu- nication processes throughout the Genesis companies.Paper objective. The purpose of the article is justification attributional information and communication processes of social development.Paper main body. Society is a system of entities related communication processes. Life and human activity is impossible or extremely limited outside of society. The need for communication is among basic human needs, it dictates the behavior of people with no less authority than, for example, so-called vital needs. Communication is a necessary condition for the normal development of a person as a member of society, as individuals. In social-philosophical discourse has formed two approaches to the consideration of communications – the mechanistic and activity. From the position of the mechanistic ap- proach, communication is understood as a unidirectional process of transmission and reception of information through encoding and decoding, respectively. Man is here viewed as a mechanism, which can be described by a finite defined rules, and external medium communication represents noise. In the framework of the activity approach communication is understood as communication, joint activities, exchange of information. Information of this position can be represented as transmission of messages in the process of interaction of the two systems, which leads to a change in their status.In the process of development of society as a system of communication and relations, acquire new characteristics, change the properties of the information that is transmitted. According to the theory of technological determinism, which removes a major role in social development, science and technology, the development of society up to the present time occurs in three stages: the preindustrial, industrial and postindustrial.Pre-industrial society is characterized by an agrarian mode of production; the indus- trial society – the machinery of production, scientific organization of labour, free trade, a unified system of national economy. In post-industrial society the key role of knowledge and information. Class division is changing the professional service sector dominates the sphere of production.Conclusions of the research. The nature of society is the information and communi- cation, complexity of social structure is directly dependent on complexity and expansion of information and communication linkages. Information and communication society is accompanied at all stages of its evolution. The basis of the historical development of society

Індустріальні й комунікаційні парадигми соціальної інженерії: історія української школи наукової організації праці

Індустріальні й комунікаційні парадигми соціальної інженерії: історія української школи наукової організації праці

R.S. Belkin and the Development of Views on Quality Management in Forensic

The article presents the authors' perspective on the issues of the genesis of scientific ideas concerning organizational aspects of forensic practice, and specifically systems for ensuring its quality and effectiveness. Key stages in the transformation of the concept of scientific organization of labor into the system of international quality standards and their influence on the organization of forensic practice are examined. Further highlighted are Professor R.S. Belkin's outstanding contributions to establishing the theoretical principles of quality management and their dialectical development in forensic expertology.

The Functional and Social Aspects of Organizing Comprehensive Educational Institutions

Organizing comprehensive educational institutions poses new challenges and has often entailed the changes of administrative structures and levels. The paper explores the interrelation between organization and management and explains the main underlying concepts in social management. The author analyzes the general principles of scientific organization of labor and argues that their implementation will raise the teaching standards at comprehensive educational institutions.

Wage structures and family economies in the Catalan textile industry in an age of nascent capitalism

This article deals with changes in the management of industrial labour in Catalonia between 1830 and 1925. In the absence of state welfare, families developed a number of strategies to try and secure an adequate standard of living. During the nineteenth century labour markets were informal, and working contracts implicit. However, with the advent of scientific organization of labour in the 1920s, hourly wage agreements began to be recorded. The application of cooperative game theory illuminates the processes by which households in this era managed to generate income. Both kin- and non-kin-related networks were used to improve the living standards of the household. Strategies of co-residence initially developed by migrants were later imitated by locally born inhabitants. Initially the living standards of migrants were thus higher than those of natives.

Que sera l'organisation des entreprises dans les années 1980 ?

In this article written in 1958, the authors consider the predictable effects of the then recent introduction of computing in US companies. They forecast a revolutionary reorganization of management comparable to that generated at the beginning of the century by the scientific organization of labour, including: Taylorization of the jobs of many middle-managers, with a stronger boundary between design and execution, the entry of new specialists and researchers at the top of the corporate ladder, greater rotation and mobility of senior managers, collégial decision making at that level and, last but not least, recentralization of major industrial organizations after the reverse tendency linked to the participative management trend.

Scientific organization of labor in health care institutions. M., Medicine, 1981, 272 p.

The book by Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences V.V.Kanep and Associate Professor L.L. Lipovetskaya is of undoubted interest both for healthcare organizers and clinicians. The first chapter of the book is devoted to the theoretical and methodological issues of the scientific organization of labor, it formulates the goals and main tasks of NOT in health care, outlines the methods of studying the organization of labor. The second chapter describes the work of doctors and nurses in outpatient and inpatient medical institutions. The presented materials provide initial information for the development of recommendations for improving work processes in health care institutions of various profiles.

High production efficiency is the basis of scientific organization of labor and improvement of its effectiveness

High production efficiency is the basis of scientific organization of labor and improvement of its effectiveness

Scientific organization of labor as a factor in improving industrial efficiency

Scientific organization of labor as a factor in improving industrial efficiency

Reserves of the scientific organization of labor in the service of the five-year plan

Reserves of the scientific organization of labor in the service of the five-year plan

Comprehensive introduction of not (scientific organization of labor) in a vacuum-arc furnace section

Recommendations to improve the organization of labor in this area have been developed by the All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for the Organization of Production and Labor in Ferrous Metallurgy (VNIIOchermet) and the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant based on an analysis of production processes at existing plants. The recommendations permit more efficient use of working space (Fig. I), expand the service area, create safe and more pleasant working conditions, reduce idle time, increase efficiency, and improve the quality of the product.

Operating efficiency of hydraulic structures, organization of inspection, and certain results of observations on the hydraulic structures of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric plant

1. In order to increase the efficiency and provide for a modern level of operation of such large-scale structures as the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric plant, it is necessary during design to develop a special section in the plans which is devoted to problems associated with the organization of the operation of hydraulic structures and their inspection with consideration given to requirements set forth in the scientific organization of labor. The following should be included with the basic problems that require solution in this section of the plan: development of a scheme for the preventive-repair maintenance and conveyer servicing of hydraulic structures; development of means and systems for remote monitoring and signaling; development of centralized-control systems for hydraulic structures with provision for a maximum of facilities with which to conduct observations; automatic processing of the results of observations with development of a special subsystem for monitoring hydraulic structures in the automatic control portion of the power system; development of an inspection program with consideration given to a reduction in the number of points and in the frequency of measurements, as well as of visual observations during the course of time. 2. An important factor in upgrading the quality of inspection of hydraulic structures may be the development of the most generalized criteria of their reliable operation with a reduction in the volume of observations at individual points in the structures. These criteria should be developed for large hydroelectric plants with the participation of scientific-research organizations. 3. For large hydroelectric plants it is expedient to supplement the composition of inspection with a system of ultrasonic sensors inserted near the surfaces of the structures in the frost-resistant zone to monitor variation in the properties of the concrete during operation. 4. Before turning a hydraulic facility over to the State Commission, it is necessary to inspect and test, as a completed complex, the measuring systems installed to monitor the condition of the hydraulic structures.

Effectiveness of the scientific organization of labor

Effectiveness of the scientific organization of labor

Socialist competition and scientific organization of labor at the Uzbek Chemical Machinery Construction Plant

Socialist competition and scientific organization of labor at the Uzbek Chemical Machinery Construction Plant

Combining jobs, an important condition for effective utilization of labor resources (Economics and the scientific organization of labor)

Combining jobs, an important condition for effective utilization of labor resources (Economics and the scientific organization of labor)

Scientific organization of labor at the enterprises of the corporation

Scientific organization of labor at the enterprises of the corporation