Methods Of Scientific Knowledge Research Articles

Trends in the development of foreign economic relations of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area

The expansion of international contacts contributes to improving the image of the region, ensuring its investment attractiveness, acting, along with this, as a primary task of forming targets for the socio-economic well-being of the territory. The priority directions for the development of foreign economic relations of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area are based on economic potential of the region: the fuel and energy sector with accompanying large-scale infrastructure projects and traditional economic sectors of the indigenous peoples of the North. Taking into account the sanctions, the promising directions for the development of foreign economic relations is of particular relevance. The subject of the study is the prerequisites for the formation of foreign economic relations in the Arctic region, trends in the development of foreign trade activities, and features of customs support for export and import operations of foreign trade participants in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area in conditions of economic and political instability. Special attention is paid to the study of prerequisites and trends in the development of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area in order to identify problems and prospects for deepening foreign economic relations in the region. The research method and methodology is based on the use of the following general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition, namely: the method of system analysis, logical and comparative methods, the method of document analysis. The scientific novelty of the study lies in an integrated approach to identifying the prerequisites, specifics of foreign economic activity in the Arctic region, trends and promising areas for expanding foreign economic relations of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area in conditions of economic and political instability. The article presents an assessment of foreign economic relations of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area in modern conditions, identifies the specifics of foreign economic activity in the Arctic region, examines the features of customs support for export-import operations, analyzes statistical data on foreign trade exchange of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area, identifies problematic issues, develops an algorithm for increasing exports of products and develops promising directions for the development of foreign economic relations of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. For the development of the region's economy, it is necessary to modernize the sphere of production of fuel and energy sector and expand the commodity exports of the agricultural sector of traditional activities of the indigenous peoples of the North.

STATE AND BUSINESS COOPERATION IN FOREIGN ECONOMIC PROJECTS

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the key aspects of cooperation between the state and business in foreign economic projects, analyze risk management strategies, and identify tools of effective project management. Design/methodology/approach. The research employed the following universal scientific methods of cognition: analysis and synthesis, organization, identification of differences, and interpretation. The foundation of the research was made up of scientific works and articles published on the internet, belonging to well-known Ukrainian and international scientists. These sources were carefully selected to ensure a reliable informational, theoretical, and methodological base. They cover a wide range of issues related to the interaction between the state and business in the field of foreign economic activity, including the analysis of successful foreign practices and their potential application in the Ukrainian context. Findings. This article examines current practices and strategies of cooperation between the state and business in foreign economic projects. Cooperation between the public and private sectors is extremely important for achieving success in international projects. Understanding the goals and interests of both parties is one of the key areas of successful cooperation. The state is interested in promoting national interests, supporting the country’s economic growth in the international arena, and attracting foreign investment. Business, for its part, seeks to maximize profits and expand its markets. Therefore, it is important that both sides clearly understand and define their goals and find common points of cooperation. The article analyzes the goals of the government and business in implementing foreign economic projects. One of the state’s goals in such projects is to actively promote the country's economic development by attracting foreign investment, developing trade and infrastructure. In the context of martial law in Ukraine, the state’s priority goal is to ensure national security. Participation in foreign economic projects can be an effective way to increase international prestige. Practical implications. Increasing sales volumes and maximizing profits in foreign economic projects is one of the key business goals. Expanding sales markets, introducing the latest technologies and marketing tools, as well as raising awareness of products or services on the international market help to achieve this goal. One of the key goals of business in foreign economic projects is also risk differentiation. This strategy is to distribute investments and business activities between different areas or regions in order to reduce the overall risk of losses. The analyze of risk management strategies and identifying effective project management tools is important to ensure their successful implementation. One of the important areas of cooperation between the state and business in foreign economic projects is effective risk management. To successfully manage these risks, it is necessary to establish effective mechanisms for monitoring, assessing and managing risks at various stages of the project. The article analyze the best practices of such cooperation, including infrastructure development, modernization of the transportation gas industry, improvement of tourist services, and creation of a favorable business environment. The key principles of cooperation, such as interaction between different stakeholders, transparency and effective management, are highlighted. From a practical standpoint, this research offers valuable insights and guidelines to both the government and businesses on how to effectively collaborate and manage joint projects. Originality/value. The research conducted in this article identifies the main areas of interaction between the state and business in foreign economic projects. Effective risk management strategies for both the state and business are identified. The use of modern project management tools, such as the latest software methods, cloud services, management methodologies and communication platforms, contributes to the effective realization of the goals of the state and business

The role of volunteer activity in the professional development of future social educators

Relevance. The relevance of the presented research is due to the fact that at the moment there are a limited number of publications on this topic, and the topic of volunteer and social activities is gaining popularity every year both in Kazakhstan and around the world. Modernisation of Kazakhstan's education, changes in socio-economic conditions in the country have led to the need to revise the system of training university students, who must have a high level of professional competence, be competitive, mobile, tolerant and ready to work in a modern, constantly changing society. Purpose. The purpose of the presented research is to consider volunteer activity, to study this term, as well as to analyse the impact of volunteer activity on the formation of future social educators. Methodology. The methodological basis of the presented research is a combination of various general scientific methods of cognition. The methods of information analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, as well as the method of induction and deduction were used in this study. At the final stage of the study, the method of systematic analysis of scientific literature related to the subject of the study was used. Results. In the course of the study, it was determined that volunteering affects the formation of cognitive, affective, behavioural components of professional self-awareness of future social educators. Also, in the course of the study, the main directions of volunteer activity in educational institutions were identified, to which future social educators can be involved. Each of the directions was reviewed and analysed. Conclusions. The practical value of the research lies in the fact that it can be used to develop a programme to attract students to volunteer activities, as well as to study and analyse the volunteer process.

THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT LOGISTICS IN OPTIMIZING TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ARCHITECTURES

Nowadays, transport infrastructure is a crucial component of any social and economic system. The arrangement of infrastructure is a top priority in economic activity due to the globalization of international logistics. This study aims to comprehensively analyse the transport infrastructure system regarding architectural objects. It also seeks to identify the main issues of the management paradigm in the industry and options for solving them. The research employed general scientific methods of cognition, including logical and structural analysis, comparison, theoretical modelling, abstraction, induction, and deduction, as well as statistical methods, specification, generalization, and formalization. The article examines innovative approaches to developing transport infrastructure in the international logistics system. The authors analysed the main issues, challenges, and achievements of managing the architectural component of transport infrastructure. The paper concludes that the effective use of transport infrastructure capabilities is essential for increasing the productivity of economic processes. The authors also identified the position and role of architectural objects in the international logistics system.

THE USE OF GIS FOR ECOLOGICAL AND LANDSCAPE LAND MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

The issue of forming an analytical and informational base for management decisions in the field of land affairs is particularly relevant given the global trend of systemic social transformations. It requires active implementation of the latest information technologies. The study aims to comprehensively analyze the aspects of using geographic information systems (GIS) for ecological and landscape land management of human settlements. The research was carried out using general scientific methods of cognition: logical and structural analysis, induction and deduction, comparison, abstraction, specification, generalization, and formalization. The article investigates the basics of GIS and variations of their implementation in the field of land management. It highlights the main provisions and algorithmic structure of the process. The authors described the typical features of modern GIS technologies and their capabilities in the spheres of mapping, monitoring, and other aspects of land management. The main problems, challenges, and achievements of the GIS utilization process are considered. It has been determined that the effective utilization of GIS capabilities is a promising priority area for optimizing the land utilization system. The practical significance of the findings of this paper is manifested in the feasibility of using them in developing suitable programs to improve the efficiency of ecological and landscape land management of settlements. Also, the study's results can be used to form a universal effective model of GIS technologies application during the process of land utilization management.

THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL AUDIT IN ENSURING THE RELIABILITY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The audit of financial statements is positioned as an integral part of an unbiased assessment and control of financial activities. It is aimed at ensuring their reliability and compliance with generally accepted standards. It is necessary to actualize the role of financial audits due to the dynamics of conditions and factors affecting companies' activities. This study aims to substantiate the role of financial audits as a guarantee of financial statements' reliability. Furthermore, the article seeks to develop proposals for improving financial audit methodology. The research was carried out by using general scientific methods of cognition. These include logical and structural analysis, comparison, abstraction, specification, and generalization. The study examines the role of financial audits in ensuring the reliability and accuracy of financial statements in terms of the directionality and functionality of the phenomenon under study. The authors paid special attention to the identification of financial audit's place in the management paradigm under current economic realities. The article generalized the essence of financial statement audit and analyzed its procedures. The authors highlighted the potential risks related to the phenomena of improper implementation of the financial statement audit or neglect of the need for its conduct. In particular, it has been established that the primary negative consequences of such phenomena will affect investment planning and financial stability. The study proves that due to the unstable economic environment, an effective financial audit serves as a prerequisite for improving the quality of financial reporting and optimizing the sectoral management paradigm.

Impact of digital transformation on accounting: trends and challenges

The rapid development of the information potential of the digital economic space in Ukraine, the issue of digitalization of the accounting system is becoming of paramount importance are given. The situation is stimulated by the rapid innovation and technological progress and digital transformation of all spheres of social life, as well as the trend of Ukraine's integration into the European economic area. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the current role of digital transformation tools on accounting and to predict the development of its impact in the future. The paper analyzes and assesses the risks caused by the active implementation of digitalization technologies in accounting. The author identifies a number of dangers that will accompany the further rooting of artificial intelligence in information systems, and proposes a number of preventive measures that should be applied within the framework of the general trend of digitalization of accounting. The study was conducted using scientific methods of cognition: abstract and logical and comparative analysis, abstraction, induction and deduction, as well as methods of specification and formalization. It is established that the digital transformation of accounting is positioned as a mandatory optimization stage in the development of the modern business environment. It is substantiated that modern information technologies make it possible to significantly simplify the collection, storage and transfer of accounting information through the introduction of special industry-specific software products. The main digital trends in the process of digitalization of accounting are analyzed, reflecting the vector of the overall development of a sustainable financial environment and the sharing economy. It is proved that the growing use of digital tools makes it possible to make accurate and effective decisions in complex analytical processes. The results of the study may be of practical value for the process of improving the modern accounting system in the context of globalization of digitalization and artificial intelligence technologies. The paper analyzes the feasibility and prospects of applying innovative AI capabilities in the accounting, as well as means and technologies to ensure an appropriate level of security and protection of personal information.

Methodology for assessing regional health care in the context of control over functional focus and social orientation

Subject. The article investigates regional health care as an integral part of national public health. Objectives. We focus on substantiation of methods to assess public health achievements against social indicators reflecting its usefulness to society. Methods. The study employs general scientific methods of cognition, statistical analysis, systems and integrated approaches. Synthesis and logical generalization enabled to develop concluding summaries and formulate proposals for systematizing the assessment of the work of regional health authorities. Results. The study found that the result of regional and national health care functioning is reflected in the degree of achievement of goals, which are defined as positive changes in socio-demographic characteristics of the region and the country. Positive trends in the social aspect are associated with improvement in life quality, which depends on many factors, one of which is high-quality modern healthcare that meets public demand as needed and when required Conclusions. Comparing the indicators characterizing functional tasks with social goals, it is possible to conclude on the degree of their achievement. The study showed that it is necessary to focus on comprehensive assessment of groups of indicators combined according to the characteristics of particular tasks of health care functioning, as well as on systems approach, in which it is advisable to describe health systems to assess balance and sustainability.

Seed production system in Ukraine: Trends, challenges, and threats

The development of an effective seed production system in Ukraine is conditioned both by its key role in ensuring seed, food, and national security of the country and by the emergence of new challenges and threats that affect the functioning of the system and need to be countered to eliminate or mitigate their negative impact. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current trends in the functioning of the Ukrainian seed production system and to identify new challenges and threats to national interests. The methodological framework of this study included the dialectical method of scientific cognition, which was used to establish the relationship between the object of study, which is the seed production system of Ukraine, and events and phenomena occurring in nature and society that have a substantial impact on the object of the study. The methods of analysis and synthesis, systematic generalisation, and comparative analysis were also used. The study analysed the conditions of functioning of the breeding and seed production system in Ukraine and identified current trends that characterise its internal state. The study identified challenges and threats to the national seed production system that pose a threat to the seed, food, and national security of Ukraine. The study analysed destructive processes in the functioning of the national seed production system, which can lead to its degradation and destruction. Measures to overcome the consequences of the negative factors in the system of breeding and seed production in Ukraine were substantiated. The study scientifically substantiated the principal criteria for the development of an effective national seed production system. The study provided a reasoning for the need for long-term investment in breeding activities and identified priority areas of state support for the seed production system in Ukraine. The conclusions, proposals, and practical recommendations are of practical importance and can be used in the development of relevant programmes and measures aimed at supporting the development of seed production, specifically, breeding activities in Ukraine, and ensuring fair remuneration to breeders who are the authors of new productive crop varieties

The Regime of Medical Secrecy and Civil Liability for its Violation

Relevance. The article analyzes the institution of medical secrecy and the ways of its protection by a citizen as a personal non-property good. The legal regulation of the concept of «medical secrecy» in healthcare legislation has not eliminated the problems of its civil protection. The examples of judicial practice show ways to protect the information constituting a medical secret when they are disclosed by persons who are obliged to comply with it. Based on the analysis of certain legislative acts concerning medical secrecy, contradictions in the established guarantees of confidentiality of personal information about the patient were revealed. Taking into account the legal position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, accepted by the courts of general jurisdiction, the circumstances that are not recognized as a violation of the patient's medical secrecy are determined.The purpose of the study is to supplement scientific knowledge about the regime of medical secrecy and the specifics of responsibility for its violation.Objectives: identification of the peculiarities of the regime of medical secrecy and civil liability for its violation, identification of problems related to the implementation of the patient's right to protection of medical secrecy based on the analysis of the norms of civil legislation, scientific publications, the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, explanations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, courts of general jurisdiction on claims for protection of medical secrecy.Methodology. The work uses general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition: dialectical, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, system-analytical and formal-legal.The results of the study are theoretical and applied in nature and are aimed at finding optimal solutions for effective protection of patient data that constitute his medical secrecy. Conclusions. The author substantiates the need for recognition at the legislative level of medical secrecy as an independent personal intangible good; it is proposed to legislatively expand the range of subjects engaged in professional activities in the interests of the patient to obtain information constituting medical secrecy without his special consent.

Modern pedagogical technologies of physical rehabilitation of children with musculoskeletal disorders

The main factor of disability in the world are diseases, as well as disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Thus, the study of modern pedagogical technologies of physical rehabilitation of children with musculoskeletal disorders is an important and urgent problem for modern research activities in the field of pedagogy. The purpose is to analyse and study modern pedagogical technologies of physical rehabilitation of children with musculoskeletal disorders. The methodological basis of the research is based on a combination of various general methods of scientific cognition. The methods of information analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, as well as the method of induction and deduction, were used in this study. At the final stage of the study, the method of analysing scientific literature relevant to the subject was used. Musculoskeletal disorders are noted in 5-7% of children and may be congenital or acquired. Anomalies of development in children with motor pathology are characterised by impressive polymorphism and dissociation according to the severity of various disorders. Comprehensive support for children with musculoskeletal disorders is interdisciplinary in nature since it is at the intersection of medicine, pedagogy and special, pedagogical, and social psychology. For the development and establishment of a disabled child, the involvement of specialists is necessary: a neurologist, a speech therapist, a special psychologist, a teacher, an educator. The practical value of the study consists in the fact that it can be used as a basis for subsequent research, as well as for a comprehensive study of the presented problem. Keywords: remedial work; programme of remedial work; development; correction; exercises; junior schoolchildren; children with musculoskeletal disorders.

Economic entity as an object of financial control

Subject. This article examines the theoretical and practical issues related to the understanding of the object of financial control, such as Economic Entity, Business Entity, Enterprise, Firm, Organization, etc. Objectives. The article aims to carry out a terminological analysis in relation to the categories similar to the concept of Economic Entity within the framework of financial control; make proposals for the unification of the categories of Economic Entity, Business Entity, Enterprise, Firm, Organization in the formation of the results of financial and control activities for the purposes of civil, criminal, arbitration, and administrative proceedings. Methods. For the study, we used the systems and logical approaches, and the general scientific cognition methods. Results. Based on the categorical and terminological analyses, the article makes proposals for the elimination of contradictions in terms of the formation of a unified approach to the definition of the object of financial control. Conclusions and Relevance. The proposals made to eliminate contradictions in regulatory documents and reference literature in order to form a unified approach to determining the object of financial control will help reduce risks when conducting control, audit, verification and expert activities on the most important problematic issues of interaction with civil, criminal, arbitration, and administrative processes. The results of the work carried out can be used in the activities of control and audit offices, forensic units, audit organizations and tax authorities during examination, control and audit, when the conclusions obtained can be the subject of civil, criminal, arbitration, and administrative proceedings.

Restriction of Passive Suffrage for a Citizen Having a Criminal Record under the Law of the Russian Federation

Introduction. At the present stage of the Russian national statehood development, strengthening the institutions of democracy and civil society remains an important task. One of the efficient ways to solve this problem is to create a highperformance mechanism, which would implement and ensure the fundamental rights and freedoms of a person. It is important for this mechanism to provide the legal stipulation in the current legislation of the Russian Federation and further implementation of the objective and justified restrictions of the rights and freedoms of a person. With regard to the passive suffrage, based on the analysis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation2, such a restriction is expressed in the exclusion of the persons having a criminal record from a number of citizens endowed with this right. The relevance of the paper lies in the need to legally regulate the features of suffrage restriction for the citizens having a criminal record. The work aims to study the eligibility of restricting the passive suffrage due to the candidate’s criminal record, and the limits of such restriction.Materials and Methods. The normative legal acts regulating the passive suffrage restriction due to the criminal record presence became the materials under the research. A set of methods of scientific cognition, including the dialectical and legalistic methods, as well as the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, formed a methodological framework of the research.Results. The paper substantiates the legal essence of the human and civil rights and freedoms restriction through defining the limits of the person's freedom in society and in the state. In the paper the conclusion is made, that along with the great importance of the human rights and freedoms protection, there exists an urgent need to comply with the legal restriction of these rights to ensure safety of other people and society as a whole. The analysis of the normative legal acts allows us to conclude that the restrictions of passive suffrage are legally stipulated directly in the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Part 3 of art. 32), as well as in the Federal Laws, as referred to in Part 3 of Article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Moreover, with regard to the latter set of passive suffrage restrictions, the trend to expand the grounds for them is observed during the last twenty years. Thus, currently a rather wide range of citizens are forfeited the passive suffrage.Discussion and Conclusion. A specific feature of the Russian suffrage is its constant transformation caused by the changing political situation. The suffrage is actively developing and improving with rely on studying the scientific concepts of the constitutional scholars and proposals of the practitioners in organisation of the elections. However, there are still many issues that require scientific reflection and further legislative stipulation. It is proposed to focus on the problem of restricting the passive suffrage for a citizen for the reason of him having a criminal record

Legislative Initiatives for Improving the Interaction among the Educational Process Participants: Criminological Perspective

Introduction. The use of smartphones as a learning tool in schools is prohibited by the Russian law. As it is well known, the scientific and technological progress has induced active implementation of the electronic devices into the everyday life of all categories of citizens, and the system of education has not been an exception. To systematise the use of the electronic devices in the education system, the legislators have submitted to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation a draft law, which reflects the revised attitude to the modern means of communication. However, the reaction of the scientific community to this proposal has been extremely contradictive and contained both positive and negative arguments. The aim of the present research is to study the expediency and justification of using the means of electronic communication in the educational institutions, to analyse the criminological problems arising in this field, and to assess the legislative initiatives and opinions of the scientists of different scientific specialties referring to improving the interaction among the educational process participants.Materials and Methods. The overview analysis of the scientific criminological literature and respective legislation regarding the expediency and justification of using the means of communication for the educational purposes was carried out in the frame of the research. Among the methodological tools there were used the commonly accepted in Russia methods of scientific cognition: general scientific (dialectical method) and specific scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, logical, comparative legal, systemic methods).Results. In the frame of the research, the analysis of the various scientific opinions on acceptability of using the means of communication for the educational purposes was made. The criminological problems arising in this field and the existing legal regulation were studied, the opinions of scientists of different scientific specialties on this matter were evaluated. The conclusion about the negative effect of the long-term usage of a device on the learner’s academic progression was made, even though it was used for the educational purposes. According to the scientists’ opinion, this dependency can be explained by multitasking: the mobile phones have many applications and functions that naturally lead to frequent switching from one task to another, which happens in the educational process too. This entails worsening the quality of perception of the material. To change the situation, the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) and the Federal Service for Supervision of Education and Science (Rosobrnadzor) have developed the recommendations for the educational institutions and state authorities on reducing the negative impact of mobile devices on learners.Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the conducted research have led to the conclusion that the total prohibition of the means of communication usage for the educational purposes significantly complicates and slows down the development of learners’ cognitive activity. Moreover, the opinion of some of the researchers about potential threats caused by children having devices in an educational institution does not seem convincing from a criminological point of view, because a smartphone can act as a guaranty of child’s security, the means of communication with his parents and monitoring his movement and condition. The paragraph 3.5.3 of the sanitary rules and norms SP (СП) 2.4.3648-20, which regulates the prohibition of the mobile means of communication usage for the educational purposes at the lessons, should be revised. In our opinion, it should not be the prohibition, but the control over the usage of the electronic devices in the educational process.

Topical Problems of the Urban Environment Protection

Introduction. The concentration of a huge number of people in a small area causes a wide range of social, economic, environmental and other problems, starting from the growth of crime and ending with the natural landscape degradation. With regard to urban territories, the major environmental problems are: air pollution, water quality deterioration, increase of wastes, noise, stray animals, etc. At the same time, in each region or municipality, an environmental problem may have its own features. The role of law in solving these problems is increasing every year. Environment protection is a crosssectoral issue, which means that the norms of environmental, urban planning, municipal, administrative, sanitary and other branches of legislation should be applied for solving the issues thereof. Meanwhile, each of these sectors of legislation pursues its own, rather local goals, using the sector-specific legal tools. Since the city is a complicated but integral social organism, there arises the need to bring various sector norms and regulations to a "common denominator". This role is fulfilled by the urban planning, which doesn’t cancel the legal effect of other sectoral legal norms, but undertakes the coordinating functions, requiring a separate and detailed study. The aim of the work is to identify the topical problems of the urban environment protection and outline the ways to solve them, based on the analysis of the urban planning, natural resources and environmental laws.Materials and Methods. Legal, organisational, economic and other aspects of the urban environment protection have been investigated using the conventional methods of scientific cognition: general scientific (the dialectical) and specific scientific (analysis, synthesis, concrete-historical, logical, etc.) methods.Results. The urban planning, natural resources and environmental laws, which regulate various aspects of the urban environment legal protection have been analysed. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing model of law have been revealed, suggestions for it improvement have been made. The analysis of spatial planning documents of three subjects of the Russian Federation (the Republic of Kalmykia, the Republic of Dagestan and Astrakhan region), and three municipalities (urban districts of Astrakhan, Makhachkala and Elista) has been carried out. The environmental requirements contained in the Land Use and Development Regulations of these subjects of the RF have been revealed.Discussion and Conclusion. The territory of any city is an aggregate of transformed, modified and natural ecological systems, requiring the integrated approach to legal regulation. This objective is achieved by means of the urban planning law. It's in the spatial planning and urban zoning documents that the existing and planned development of the territories is stated, the individual permits, restrictions and prohibitions on the use and protection of the natural resources are taken into account, the balance between the environmental, economic and social interests of the state, business and society is found. The urban planning law directly affects fulfilment of the various environment protection directions within the certain areas of human activity - defines the places (landfills) for waste disposal, sites for constructing the waste recycling plants, locations of wastewater treatment systems and lands for setting up the specially protected natural territories (hereinafter SPNT) (including the ones within the city boundaries) aimed at preserving the valuable objects of flora and fauna; promotes the establishment of the protection regime for the urban forests and forest parks. At the same time, urban planning law does not repeal the rules and regulations on protection of waters, lands, forests or animal world objects, which continue to be legally binding, and, in their turn, influence on the urban planning requirements and restrictions. The provisions of the federal urban planning and environmental laws are perceived differently by the regional and local authorities, this entails significant specifics of the environment protection at regional and local levels.

Adaptive potential of short-stemmed winter bread wheat genotypes in the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Among the unresolved issues of breeding short-stemmed winter bread wheat genotypes of different ripeness groups, the problem of obtaining high and stable yields without reducing the adaptive potential in the face of limiting environmental factors that periodically occur in different agroecological conditions of cultivation stays relevant. The preliminary identification of suitable sources with a combination of necessary adaptive properties is a crucial step towards the development of highly promising varieties and improvement of the gene pool of plants in Ukraine. The purpose of this study was to find the level of adaptive potential in short-stemmed winter bread wheat genotypes with different vegetation periods, to investigate the plasticity and stability of yields, and to select highly adaptive source material for the conditions of the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. To fulfil this purpose, the study employed general scientific, field, and dispersion methods of scientific cognition. It was found that in the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, among short-stemmed winter bread wheat genotypes, the share of those with the highest genetic potential for adaptability combined with high yields (over 16% of the standard) is highest in the group of mid-ripening varieties and amounts to 53.3%. These include mainly Ukrainian genotypes, namely: Blahodarka Odeska, Zoreslava, Rozdynka Odeska, Kruhozir, Shpalivka (UKR); Ilona (SVK), Urbanus (AUT), and Evklid (FRA). Among the early-ripening samples, the share of such genotypes was 33.3%, and in the group of late-ripening varieties – 13.3%. High yield stability (S2dі=0.0) was inherent in 66.7% of the samples of the early-ripening group, 60% of the mid-ripening group, and 26.7% of the late-ripening group. The identified sources are valuable starting material for the development of new and highly promising winter soft wheat varieties adapted to the growing conditions in the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

ВИНИКНЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТОК ОКСФОРДСЬКОЇ ФІЛОСОФІЇ ЯК ПЕРЕДУМОВА ФОРМУВАННЯ ФІЛОСОФІЇ ПОВСЯКДЕННОЇ МОВИ

B a c k g r o u n d . According to a common prejudice, especially prevalent among philosophers in the continental tradition, the philosophy of everyday language (sometimes referred to as Oxford philosophy), with its focus on what we usually say and mean, fundamentally expresses a positivist attitude. Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979), who significantly contributed to the spread of this view, interprets the appeal to the concept analysis in these philosophers' writings as purely ideological: it fails to recognize the constructed nature of the social and views the social as a domain of brute facts where critical thinking should cease. Therefore, to grasp the essence of the ordinary language philosophy, it is crucial to identify the prerequisites for the emergence of this philosophical style and delve into its historical context. M e t h o d s . In this article, the author employs the method of historical-philosophical reconstruction to clarify the conditions of the formation and genesis of Oxford philosophy. General scientific methods of cognition – such as analysis, synthesis, and generalization – are used to elucidate key ideas and concepts that influenced the development of Oxford philosophy's method. Additionally, methods of systematization and comparison are applied. R e s u l t s . The article identifies the historical prerequisites for the formation of Oxford philosophy, specifying the key ideas and concepts that impacted the development of the ordinary language philosophy. It clarifies the distinctions and interconnections between the concepts of the philosophy of everyday language and Oxford philosophy. C o n c l u s i o n s . For ten years following the end of the Second World War, the University of Oxford became a hub of exceptionally productive philosophical activity. This period laid the groundwork for the emergence of a new and original philosophical movement known as the "Ordinary language philosophy" or "Oxford philosophy". However, equating the ordinary language philosophy entirely with Oxford philosophy is not accurate. The former term pertains specifically to the methodology of analyzing natural language expressions in the post-World War II era. In contrast, Oxford philosophy encompasses a broader historical context, including the pre-war period of philosophical activity at the University of Oxford. Thus, Oxford philosophy should be understood as a historical-philosophical stage that ultimately led to the formation of the philosophy of everyday language.

Acts restricting fair competition: issues of criminalization and differentiation of criminal liability

The subject of the study is certain areas of criminal law policy in the field of protection of fair competition, namely the current state of criminalization of acts restricting fair competition, the signs of which directly or indirectly correspond to violations of the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition", disadvantages of criminalization of such acts, as well as violations of the rules of legislative technique in their design, differentiation of criminal liability for committing such crimes, law enforcement in the field of criminal law counteraction to the restriction of fair competition. The purpose of the work is to identify the problems of criminalization of acts restricting fair competition in their relation to the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition", the shortcomings of differentiation of criminal liability for their commission in the light of official recognition of the need to counter anticompetitive violations as a threat to economic security, and ways to eliminate them. The research methodology is based on general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition - system analysis, logical, comparative, formal dogmatic, legal forecasting, classification method. The novelty lies in the fact that the author: 1) a study of the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for the content of crimes in it, the signs of which are directly or indirectly related to violations of the prohibitions of the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition", an analysis of this ratio, as well as their reflection in law enforcement; 2) proposals on criminalization of collusion at auctions, depending on the subject of collusion; 3) given analysis of violations of legislative technique in the description of crimes, the signs of which may be associated with violation of the prohibitions of the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition"; 4) it is concluded that new qualifying or especially qualifying signs are included as means of differentiating criminal liability for encroachments on fair competition, the shortcomings of existing sanctions are studied and ways to eliminate them are proposed. The conclusions are that in order to solve the tasks of countering anti-competitive acts as a threat to economic security, it is necessary to reconsider the approach to criminalizing acts that restrict competition, in particular, by clarifying the signs of their objective side, expanding the grounds for criminal liability for anti-competitive agreements, differentiating responsibility for their commission by clarifying qualifying and especially qualifying signs, improving the sanctions mechanism.

Classification of lakes of the Indigirka River basin and their current state

Currently, classification plays an important role and importance as a method of scientific cognition and is one of the mandatory attributes in the knowledge of the world. Classification or typification are ways of grouping objects of research or observation according to their common characteristics. Currently, there are many different classifications in the scientific literature according to one or another feature, most of which are single-criteria or developed for a specific region. This paper presents the development of a regional ecological and limnological classification of the lakes of Yakutia on the example of the Indigirka River basin (RELK) according to the leading parameters (geographical, physico-chemical and hydrobiological). The development of the classification made it possible to study a large amount of factual material on the lakes of the Indigirka River basin, as a result of which data on the current state of the lakes of the poorly studied limnological region of the study were obtained.

Особенности цифрового логистического менеджмента производственного предприятия в условиях глобальной экономической нестабильности

The article touches upon an urgent topic for manufacturing enterprises – the integration of modern digital technologies into structural units. Currently, many business leaders do not realize the importance of introducing new digital technologies, which are extremely necessary for the company to remain competitive in the market in conditions of global economic instability. The purpose of the study is to prove the high importance of integrating digital technologies into existing business processes of a manufacturing enterprise, which will allow the most efficient planning and organization of work in a single information space, reduce commercial risks due to quick access to relevant and reliable information. The following methods of scientific cognition are applied: analysis, synthesis, deduction, abstraction, generalization, observation, classification.