Scientific Means Research Articles

Subalpine Meadow Vegetation of Talish Highlands of Azerbaijan

Subalpine meadow vegetation of Talish highlands has been spread over the subalpine zone of Lankaran highlands at lawny mountain-meadow soils at the height of 1800 m to 2500 m above sea level. During the carried out ecological-geobotanical research, it has been determined 7 formation classes, 12 formation groups and 20 associations. In parallel with the study of type composition and structure of phytocenosis found in the area of investigation, it has been also determined endemic species, productivity of formations, and intensification of degradation at soil-plant coverage of some lawny subalpine meadows, decrease in abundance and productivity of forage crop. Currently, for the purpose of the improvement of natural phytocenosis productivity, crop quality, protection of their genetic reserve and landscapes, as well as the vegetation study for solution of protection problems on the base of scientific means is of a great importance.

A comparative study of the performance tolerance between the Air Force Club players and the Naft Club players in youth soccer

The game of football is one of the differential games that has received great attention at the local, Arab and international levels, as the world has witnessed many changes in various sports, whether in differential or individual games, as a result of the continuous efforts by experts towards more understanding of what is contained in the foundations of the rules and the concept Sports training in order to raise the level of training status of the player to bring him to the higher levels, by examining and constantly researching all that is new to add valuable information in training, scientific means are sold. The aim of the research was (to identify the differences in performance tolerance between the Air Force Club and the Oil Club) and to impose the research (the presence of a statistical function between the Air Force players and the oil players) And conclusions - Exercises similar to competition proved to be more influential in developing the endurance of performance and accuracy of scoring for young soccer players in the individuals of the research sample. - The most appropriate training method to develop endurance of performance and accuracy of scoring is the method of high-intensity interval training on the youth sample. The most important recommendations - The necessity of using competition-like exercises in training youth soccer players because of their importance in developing endurance performance and scoring accuracy. Conducting similar research and studies to see the use of competitive exercises in developing other abilities and attributes.

Application of scientific and technical means in criminal proceedings in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Application of scientific and technical means in criminal proceedings in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Establishment and Practice of Physical Education Evaluation Using Grey Cluster Analysis Under the Data Background

This article uses scientific methods and means to evaluate the value, elements, and processes of physical education, consistent with preset evaluation indicators through sample calculation, and then derives the characteristics of decision-making, the objectivity of indicators, the order, and other characteristics of the process. The authors have analyzed the main problems in current physical-education evaluation and its future reform and development trends under the requirements of quality education.

Expanded Terminological List in Astronomy and Space Sciences from English to Romanian

In the field of astronomy and its broader scientific context of space sciences, the English and Romanian languages use terms and sentences on various levels of specialization and therefore, accessibility for the general public as well as for the scientists. The flow of scientific data and information is generated in both languages, which raises the subsequent need of a correct equivalence in specific translations from English to Romanian and vice-versa. In this respect, this study discusses in a multi-disciplinary context a list of terms and expressions translated from English to Romanian that are nowadays used in the fields of astronomy and space sciences. In these scientific areas, the authors of this article considered the English language as being more specific than Romanian and therefore, they aimed to deconstruct the scientific meaning behind each of these specialized English language entries, and point out through additional comments, the rationality of the translation choice they have made, according to the thinking, the ways of expressing and converging ideas in both languages.

Formulation and evaluation of herbal chocolate from Arjuna Bark- treatment of heart disease condition

In the indigenous medical system, Terminalia arjuna is one of the most widely used and advantageous medicinal herbs for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. This thorough analysis offers the most recent information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological data, toxicological data, clinical efficacy, safety and efficacy of Terminalia arjuna. It also lays out plans for further study and development to substantiate the plant's therapeutic potential through scientific means. A thorough web and library search of numerous indexed and non-indexed journals, some local literature and a variety of publications published on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and traditional usage were used to gather information about Terminalia arjuna. Regarding the effectiveness and safety profile of Terminalia arjuna, numerous pre-clinical (2000–2014) and clinical investigations (1990–2014) have also been taken into consideration. The pleiotropic advantages associated with Terminalia arjuna, comprising its anti-atherogenic, hypotensive, inotropic, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and antioxidant properties, have been demonstrated in numerous in vitro, in vivo and clinical investigations. These effects can be used to treat a variety of cardiovascular problems. There is sample evidence to support the plant's good safety profile when combined with other traditional medications. The precise molecular mechanism of its action, the best way to administer the medication, whether to employ an alcoholic, watery or crude extract, toxicological research and how it interacts with other medications are all poorly understood. This review concludes by emphasizing the significance of Terminalia arjuna, as well as its pleiotropic effects and functional characteristics particularly in relation to cardiovascular disorders. Even though a number of pharmacological research and clinical trials back up its traditional use in treating CVD, more rigorous, state-of-the-art clinical trials with larger sample sizes are necessary to evaluate Terminalia arjuna purported efficacy.

Multichannel online quality and efficiency power network diagnostic according to IEC standards

Today and in the future electrical energy is a significant energy source in all area of life therefore its quality and consumption has more and more importance in practical and also scientific means. The small- and medium-sized enterprises very often do not take care about its quality as they do not understand and realise that their electricity bill also depends on the quality of the energy. IEC Standards describe how to measure the quality of electrical energy and determines the acceptable levels of quality parameters. Using today’s advanced computers a more useful measurement system can be created according to IEC standards than other acquirable analysing devices.

Ambient atmospheric application and influencing factors of ozone catalytic decomposition materials in a channel test

Surface ozone pollution is a significant environmental problem. In addition to the control of ozone precursors, direct catalytic decomposition of ozone is an effective control method with broad prospects. At present, the evaluation of the ozone decomposition performance of catalysts is typically performed in the laboratory, and the lack of scientific evaluation means to apply them to complex ambient atmosphere limits the practical application of ozone removal catalysts. Here, we devised a new evaluation method for ozone catalytic decomposition materials in the ambient atmosphere that can comprehensively evaluate the influence of various factors in the ambient atmosphere on performance. The results showed that ozone catalytic decomposition materials can maintain a decomposition efficiency of more than 20% in ambient atmosphere. The decomposition efficiency is mainly affected by distance, the closer the distance; the higher the decomposition efficiency. In addition, the concentration of ozone in the environment also affects the decomposition efficiency and shows a positive correlation. As the ozone concentration increased, the decomposition efficiency increased. An increase in relative humidity can cause a decline in decomposition efficiency, but this effect is eliminated with a decrease in humidity. In addition, the ozone catalytic decomposition materials can reduce the ozone concentration in the environment from 160 μg/m3to less than 100 μg/m3, which can play a great role in environmental ozone pollution control.

The opacity of a system T.R. Malthus and the population in principle

ABSTRACT This contribution analyses the scientific and political meaning of the concept of ‘population’ within Thomas Robert Malthus’ thought. It is here argued that by encapsulating ‘population’ in a scientific principle, the author not only aimed at contrasting radical and revolutionary theories of his time; he was also looking for a renovation of the role principles hold in scientific reasoning. He considered this crucial for delineating a plausible science for such an elusive political object as society. Through an examination of key passages of Malthus’ theoretical production – his critique of previous definitions of ‘population’, his reassessment of the natural history of society, and the use of selected metaphors to explain his political thought – it is possible to observe how the author attempted to naturalize society and the inequalities arising from its historical laws. As shown in the conclusions, Malthus’ scientific and political effort was directed towards questioning possibilities to reduce the history of social relations to a path of rational progress, which is consistent with the way he re-conceptualized ‘population’ as regarding the fate of the people and their chances to transform the future in the plausible outcome of their political action in the present.

Problems of training of civil servants in post-Soviet higher educational institutions

Relevance. The study of problematic aspects in the process of training civil servants in the post-Soviet countries is extremely relevant today. This is, of course, due to an active policy of retraining workers according to the European approaches. Thus, an examination of the problems currently impeding the effective training of civil servants will make it possible to find ways to address and improve them.Purpose. The aim of the work is to analyze the main approaches and tools that are used by post-Soviet higher education institutions in the process of training civil servants.Methodology. In the article used various scientific and methodical means, among which functional and system approaches, as well as the method of analysis and synthesis, comparison, deduction, generalization.Results. As a result of the research, both the theoretical and practical part of the question was revealed. Accordingly, in the first half of the work the essential content of the basic concepts and terms related to the studied topic has been determined, as well as their features and features have been disclosed. In addition, the methods and approaches underlying the training of civil servants in the post-Soviet countries were digging more into and their main disadvantages were identified accordingly.Conclusions. The practical value of the work lies in the fact that it can be used as methodical material for higher education institutions, and for the personal development of individual educational workers. Perspective direction for future research is consideration of modern programs, including remote ones, to improve the professional competence of civil servants and identify their main disadvantages.

The Legal Certainty Surrounding the Status of Children Born Through in-Vitro Fertilization With a Deceased Biological Father is A Subject of Discussion

The purpose of marriage includes the desire to have offspring; however, not all married couples achieve this, often due to primary health issues. Expert doctors, armed with knowledge and technology, have discovered a method in the process of reproduction known as in-vitro fertilization (IVF). This discovery serves as a solution for married couples facing health problems. IVF is a process where egg fertilization by sperm occurs outside the female body, utilizing a fertilization tube. The resulting valid fertilization is then implanted in the wife's womb, from where the egg originated. The legal regulations for IVF are based on Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning health. Assisted pregnancy efforts can only be undertaken by legally married couples, meeting specific criteria such as fertilization materials originating from the husband and wife, with the implantation performed by authorized healthcare professionals at designated facilities. If these conditions are met, the offspring resulting from IVF is considered the biological child of the married couple. However, new challenges arise when the IVF process is conducted after the husband's demise, particularly in determining the lineage and civil rights status of the child or baby born through this process. To address these new challenges, this research aims to understand the legal status of posthumous IVF implementation and the lineage and civil rights status of children born through this process. The research is conducted through a literature review, utilizing a normative approach, with data collection from primary and secondary sources. The research findings indicate that the lineage and civil rights of a child born through posthumous IVF can be established with evidence from the biological father, demonstrated through scientific and technological means or other legal evidence establishing a blood relationship, as highlighted in Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU VIII/2010.Keywords: In-Vitro Fertilization (Bayi Tabung), Legal Certainty, Civil Rights.

Творча біографія Івана Котляревського в жанрово-крайовому контексті перших десятиліть ХХІ століття

In the article, for the first time, samples of Ukrainian artistic and biographical Kotlyarevskiana of the first decades of the 21st century are analyzed holistically in a typological and regional aspect. Biographical, cultural-historical, comparative, and psychological methods of scientific research are applied. The main object of study is the biographical literary, artistic and popular science works «The Choice of Captain Kotlyarevsky» (2020) by V. Dobryansky and «Ivan Kotlyarevsky: Between the Empire and Ukraine» (2021) by P. Kraljuk; contextual component of intelligence – biographical novels and essays of the latest writing «P. S. of Hryhoriy Skovoroda...» (2009) by M. Shtelmak, «All angels of the Triangle. Apocrypha of Grigory Skovoroda's Travels» (2012) by V. Eshkilev, «Black Apple» (2013) and «Moon, Moon» (2022) by S. Protsyuk, «Secret Agent Mykola Gogol» (2016) P. by Kraljuk, «Iron Water» (2021) by M. Layuk. They represent figures of the classics of Ukrainian literature, whose lives are connected with the Poltava region, and were created and published in the postmodern period. The intensification of scientific and literary-artistic biography (in particular, writer's) nowadays is noted, the humanitarian and civilizational importance of this process is emphasized; the academic, scientific, popular science, and artistic formats of purely literary biographies are outlined and the special spread of the biographical novel (a type of artistic biography) and creative biography (a popular historical-literary mix) is indicated; the term «creative biography» is used with a scientific and universal meaning that is remarkable for today. It has been noted that Poltava Kotlyarevskiana, as well as regional writer biographies in general, is currently actively developing; its creators – mainly writers from the western region of Ukraine – time biographical novels and historical-publicist essays to the jubilee dates of outstanding writers, rethink and often interpret freely their biographies, causing public resonance and discussions.P. Kralyuk and V. Dobryanskyi in their works dedicated to I. Kotlyarevsky subtly depict and interpret in an original way, ideologically actualize in an anti-colonial and civic-patriotic way the image and achievements of the «father» of Ukrainian literature, emphasize his psychoworld, the alleged splitting of the spirit, but integral soul, interpreted as a national cultural code that clearly resonates in the tragic present.

Construction of a Knowledge Graph Based on the Study of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Terminology

Abstract This study centers on the English translation of Chinese medicine terms and the construction of knowledge graph, to solve the problem of the accuracy of Chinese medicine terminology translation through scientific and technological means, and to improve the communication efficiency and accuracy of Chinese medicine in the international arena. First, we collected Chinese medicine-related data from websites such as “Seek Medical Help” and “Seek Medical Help” through crawler technology, then performed data cleaning and fusion processing to eliminate data redundancy and inconsistency. Then, we defined 17 types of concepts and 22 conceptual relationships related to TCM ancient books, as well as the corresponding attribute definitions, to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the knowledge graph. The Bi-LSTM model for text disambiguation and Labeling further improved data processing efficiency. Eventually, this study successfully constructed a knowledge graph of English translation of TCM terms containing 50051 nodes and 13521 relations. This knowledge graph improves the accuracy of TCM terminology translation and provides a powerful tool for international dissemination and academic research of TCM terminology.

РАЗРАБОТКА И ВНЕДРЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ ДЛЯ МАЛЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

In the context of the rapid development of science and technology, all aspects of society and all strata of society strive to integrate with modern advanced technologies and improve their own advantages through scientific and technological means. Of course, the personnel management system of small and medium- sized businesses. Businesses cannot be excluded. The personnel management system of small and medium— sized enterprises is a management system built with practical application as a basis for development using the principles and methods of software development, as well as using the Springboot environment. The use of a personnel management system for information management is an inevitable trend in the development of small enterprises. However, the current, more mature OA, ERP, etc. are not suitable for small businesses. Taking into account the specifics of major changes in small business employees, the changing order of tasks, a variety of remuneration systems and flexible management, this article uses GenerSoft GSP (GenerSoft platform) as a tool for developing a personnel management system specifically for small businesses.

КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ДОХОДІВ І ВИТРАТ ДЛЯ ПОТРЕБ ОБЛІКУ ТА УПРАВЛІННЯ

The process of managing the company's income and expenses is closely related to the accounting system. The reliability of accounting information affects the quality of management decisions and business development strategy. The completeness and objectivity of information about the received income and incurred costs of the enterprise is based on their classification, which is an important aspect of the accounting organization. It makes it possible to reveal the connections between the objects that are grouped, ensures their identification. Classification creates a basis for choosing methods of accounting, planning, control, analysis, modeling of management decisions. The article substantiates the economic essence of income and expenses, their groups in accordance with the types of enterprise activity, according to which they are formed. Approaches to the construction of the classification of income and expenses were studied: accounting and management. For the needs of accounting and management, classification features are selected, by which incomes received and expenses incurred are grouped, and their purpose is outlined. It has been proven that each classification group has: scientific justification, economic expediency, and practical meaning. The practical use of classifications allows: to study the composition, nature, structure of income and expenses, to assess the trend of changes; to understand their economic nature and origin. The main accounting criterion for the classification of income and expenses is the type of activity: operational, financial, investment. It is substantiated that the management approach in the classification of income makes it possible to identify criteria for its recognition for the needs of management: 1) income arises if the enterprise has fulfilled the terms of the contract and has the right to receive income; 2) income is recognized for management purposes if it is valid and received. The considered classification of income and expenses is meaningful, informative and recommended for use in the practical activities of enterprises. It is proven that the considered approaches to the classification of income and expenses will be useful to stakeholders in: 1) evaluating the effectiveness of activities (operational, financial, investment); 2) risk assessment; 3) cost control; 4) cost formation; 5) planning and forecasting. Using the classification of income and expenses will ensure the control of deviations at all stages of the accounting cycle.

Inversion model of soil salinity in alfalfa covered farmland based on sensitive variable selection and machine learning algorithms.

Timely and accurate monitoring of soil salinity content (SSC) is essential for precise irrigation management of large-scale farmland. Uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) low-altitude remote sensing with high spatial and temporal resolution provides a scientific and effective technical means for SSC monitoring. Many existing soil salinity inversion models have only been tested by a single variable selection method or machine learning algorithm, and the influence of variable selection method combined with machine learning algorithm on the accuracy of soil salinity inversion remain further studied. Firstly, based on UAV multispectral remote sensing data, by extracting the spectral reflectance of each sampling point to construct 30 spectral indexes, and using the pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), gray relational analysis (GRA), variable projection importance (VIP), and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) to screen spectral index and realize the selection of sensitive variables. Subsequently, screened and unscreened variables as model input independent variables, constructed 20 soil salinity inversion models based on the support vector machine regression (SVM), back propagation neural network (BPNN), extreme learning machine (ELM), and random forest (RF) machine learning algorithms, the aim is to explore the feasibility of different variable selection methods combined with machine learning algorithms in SSC inversion of crop-covered farmland. To evaluate the performance of the soil salinity inversion model, the determination coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and performance deviation ratio (RPD) were used to evaluate the model performance, and determined the best variable selection method and soil salinity inversion model by taking alfalfa covered farmland in arid oasis irrigation areas of China as the research object. The variable selection combined with machine learning algorithm can significantly improve the accuracy of remote sensing inversion of soil salinity. The performance of the models has been improved markedly using the four variable selection methods, and the applicability varied among the four methods, the GRA variable selection method is suitable for SVM, BPNN, and ELM modeling, while the PCC method is suitable for RF modeling. The GRA-SVM is the best soil salinity inversion model in alfalfa cover farmland, with Rv 2 of 0.8888, RMSEv of 0.1780, and RPD of 1.8115 based on the model verification dataset, and the spatial distribution map of soil salinity can truly reflect the degree of soil salinization in the study area. Based on our findings, the variable selection combined with machine learning algorithm is an effective method to improve the accuracy of soil salinity remote sensing inversion, which provides a new approach for timely and accurate acquisition of crops covered farmland soil salinity information.

Modeling the concept of “environment”

In the science of law legal definitions are considered as the semantic core, thanks to which a legal norm functions, and represent a reliable legal basis for further social transformations. In order to identify the characteristic features, properties, content of the concept of environment and its components, to establish their relationship, features of legal effect, the common, scientific and legal meanings of the definitions were compared. The methodological basis of the study was general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special legal methods (formal logical, legal modeling method). Modeling the conceptual framework of the ecological legislation in Russia is not only of scientific but also of practical interest. It enables to identify the characteristic features, properties of the concept of environment, the relationship among its elements as a potential subject of further research contributing to in-depth study, identification of gaps and improvement of legislation. The legal model of environment contains a schematic and descriptive part, demonstrating the concept, system and its content, thanks to which environmental legal norms function that reflect the essence of legal regulation and state policy of Russia in the field of environmental protection and the use of natural resources, clearly shows its shortcomings and determines the directions to improve legislation.

Identifiability of Hierarchical Latent Attribute Models

Hierarchical Latent Attribute Models (HLAMs) are a family of discrete latent variable models that are attracting increasing attention in educational, psychological, and behavioral sciences. The key ingredients of an HLAM include a binary structural matrix and a directed acyclic graph specifying hierarchical constraints on the configurations of latent attributes. These components encode practitioners' design information and carry important scientific meanings. Despite the popularity of HLAMs, the fundamental identifiability issue remains unaddressed. The existence of the attribute hierarchy graph leads to degenerate parameter space, and the potentially unknown structural matrix further complicates the identifiability problem. This paper addresses this issue of identifying the latent structure and model parameters underlying an HLAM. We develop sufficient and necessary identifiability conditions. These results directly and sharply characterize the different impacts on identifiability cast by different attribute types in the graph. The proposed conditions not only provide insights into diagnostic test designs under the attribute hierarchy, but also serve as tools to assess the validity of an estimated HLAM.

Physicochemical properties, structural characteristics and bioactivities of Pyracantha fortuneana polysaccharides prepared by six methods

This research follows the current trend of value addition to wild unexploited resources through scientific and technological means. The effect of extraction techniques on the structural and functional characterization of active polysaccharides was investigated, filling the existing knowledge gap. Six extraction techniques (alkaline, enzymatic, ultrasound-assisted, hot water, microwave-assisted, and acidic) were applied to obtain Pyracantha fortuneana polysaccharide (PFP) from the fruit of P. fortuneana. The yield, physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and bioactivities of the six polysaccharides, namely Al-PFP, E-PFP, U-PFP, H-PFP, M-PFP, and Ac-PFP, were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the six polysaccharides were pectic polysaccharides with similar functional groups and excellent thermal stability, containing abundant branched chains. The molecular weight ranged from 34.33 kDa (U-PFP) to 247.81 kDa (H-PFP). Among them, Ac-PFP had the highest yield (12.30%), uronic acid content (73.15%), and galacturonic acid content (57.89%). In terms of biological functional analysis, PFPs exhibited strong antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, particularly Ac-PFP, which showed the highest activity. Hence, this study highlights that alkaline, enzymatic, ultrasonic, microwave, and acidic methods degrade polysaccharides differently than hot water extraction while causing changes in microstructure and properties. Furthermore, alterations in the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition resulting from the extraction method are the primary factors influencing the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity of PFPs.

Assessment of the safety of genetically modified foods

In recent years, with the rapid development of modern science and technology, as people utilize various scientific and technological means to alter the characteristics of organisms, potential hazards to the ecological environment and human health may arise. Due to the extensive application of modern biotechnology, genetically modified (GM) technology has been employed in agricultural production, resulting in genetically modified foods. People are highly concerned about the safety of GM foods. This article uses a literature review to assess the safety of GM foods from the perspectives of the current status of GM animals and plants and potential risks. The results suggest potential toxicity to humans, food allergies, certain environmental hazards, and the possible reduction of biodiversity and gene flow.