Scientific Language Research Articles

Tourism, knowledge management and its processes

When it comes to knowledge management (KM), one of the ways to classify it is through its processes. When it comes to tourism, it is the sectors that reveal its practical development. At this juncture, this article aims to analyze which are the tourism sectors that are considering KM in their research, as well as which KM processes are most used in tourism studies. To this end, this research is supported by an integrative literature review and follows the guidelines of the PRISMA recommendation. Due to the research protocol established and using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, an initial sample of 376 articles was obtained, of which 107 met the eligibility criteria. The research results are: (1) the most representative sectors are macro tourism and the accommodation services segment; (2) there is an emphasis on knowledge sharing and transfer processes, which are KM concerns also in other areas; (3) the researches highlight tacit knowledge, given its management complexity and the competitive differential it supports; (4) the researches on KM in tourism received criticism for low quality, complexity of scientific language, or disconnection with the managers and operators in the private and public sectors.

The semiotic dimension of contemporary pragmatics

Contemporary Pragmatics has the semiotic features from the respects of disciplinary naming, the means of development, and theoretical source to research object and method. It is not only an independent linguistics and language science, but also an interdisciplinary field and paradigm. This paper is to explore the semiotic features and dimensions of Pragmatics for tracing back the origin and the theoretical resources from semiotic perspective, and to define its research scope and clarify the connotation of its conception. As Semiotics has a triad dimension of semiosis, one of which is the “pragmatic dimension”. Therefore, contemporary pragmatics includes at least three semiotic dimensions: scientific semiotics, linguistic semiotics and social semiotics. The semiotic analysis of Pragmatics could be conducive to clarify and fix the semiotic and philosophical origin, definition, disciplinary connotation and meaning of Pragmatics, which is also theoretically helpful for clarifying the concepts for the study of philosophical pragmatism, pragmaticism, semiotics, semantics and syntax.
 
 Key Words: Semiotic, Pragmatics, Pragmaticism

Updated Integrated Framework for Making Clinical Decisions Across the Lifespan and Health Conditions

The updated Integrated Framework for Clinical Decision Making responds to changes in evidence, policy, and practice since the publication of the first version in 2008. The original framework was proposed for persons with neurological health conditions, whereas the revised framework applies to persons with any health condition across the lifespan. In addition, the revised framework (1) updates patient-centered concepts with shared clinical decision-making; (2) frames the episode of care around the patient's goals for participation; (3) explicitly describes the role of movement science; (4) reconciles movement science and International Classification of Function language, illustrating the importance of each perspective to patient care; (5) provides a process for movement analysis of tasks; and (6) integrates the movement system into patient management. Two cases are used to illustrate the application of the framework: (1) a 45-year-old male bus driver with low back pain whose goals for the episode of care are to return to work and recreational basketball; and (2) a 65-year-old female librarian with a fall history whose goals for the episode of care are to return to work and reduce future falls. The framework is proposed as a tool for physical therapist education and to guide clinical practice for all health conditions across the lifespan.

Expression unleashed: The evolutionary & cognitive foundations of human communication.

Human expression is open-ended, versatile and diverse, ranging from ordinary language use to painting, from exaggerated displays of affection to micro-movements that aid coordination. Here we present and defend the claim that this expressive diversity is united by an interrelated suite of cognitive capacities, the evolved functions of which are the expression and recognition of informative intentions. We describe how evolutionary dynamics normally leash communication to narrow domains of statistical mutual benefit, and how they are unleashed in humans. The relevant cognitive capacities are cognitive adaptations to living in a partner choice social ecology; and they are, correspondingly, part of the ordinarily developing human cognitive phenotype, emerging early and reliably in ontogeny. In other words, we identify distinctive features of our species' social ecology to explain how and why humans, and only humans, evolved the cognitive capacities that, in turn, lead to massive diversity and open-endedness in means and modes of expression. Language use is but one of these modes of expression, albeit one of manifestly high importance. We make cross-species comparisons, describe how the relevant cognitive capacities can evolve in a gradual manner, and survey how unleashed expression facilitates not only language use but novel behaviour in many other domains too, focusing on the examples of joint action, teaching, punishment and art, all of which are ubiquitous in human societies but relatively rare in other species. Much of this diversity derives from graded aspects of human expression, which can be used to satisfy informative intentions in creative and new ways. We aim to help reorient cognitive pragmatics, as a phenomenon that is not a supplement to linguistic communication and on the periphery of language science, but rather the foundation of the many of the most distinctive features of human behaviour, society and culture.

PyCO2SYS v1.8: marine carbonate system calculations in Python

Abstract. Oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon (TC) is the largest pool of carbon that substantially interacts with the atmosphere on human timescales. Oceanic TC is increasing through uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), and seawater pH is decreasing as a consequence. Both the exchange of CO2 between the ocean and atmosphere and the pH response are governed by a set of parameters that interact through chemical equilibria, collectively known as the marine carbonate system. To investigate these processes, at least two of the marine carbonate system's parameters are typically measured – most commonly, two from TC, total alkalinity (AT), pH, and seawater CO2 fugacity (fCO2; or its partial pressure, pCO2, or its dry-air mole fraction, xCO2) – from which the remaining parameters can be calculated and the equilibrium state of seawater solved. Several software tools exist to carry out these calculations, but no fully functional and rigorously validated tool written in Python, a popular scientific programming language, was previously available. Here, we present PyCO2SYS, a Python package intended to fill this capability gap. We describe the elements of PyCO2SYS that have been inherited from the existing CO2SYS family of software and explain subsequent adjustments and improvements. For example, PyCO2SYS uses automatic differentiation to solve the marine carbonate system and calculate chemical buffer factors, ensuring that the effect of every modelled solute and reaction is accurately included in all its results. We validate PyCO2SYS with internal consistency tests and comparisons against other software, showing that PyCO2SYS produces results that are either virtually identical or different for known reasons, with the differences negligible for all practical purposes. We discuss insights that guided the development of PyCO2SYS: for example, the fact that the marine carbonate system cannot be unambiguously solved from certain pairs of parameters. Finally, we consider potential future developments to PyCO2SYS and discuss the outlook for this and other software for solving the marine carbonate system. The code for PyCO2SYS is distributed via GitHub (https://github.com/mvdh7/PyCO2SYS, last access: 23 December 2021) under the GNU General Public License v3, archived on Zenodo (Humphreys et al., 2021), and documented online (https://pyco2sys.readthedocs.io/en/latest/, last access: 23 December 2021).

О ФОРМИРОВАНИИ РУССКОГО НАУЧНОГО ЯЗЫКА ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XVIII – НАЧАЛЕ XIX ВЕКОВ

Studying the history of the Russian language of science is necessary primarily to understand the trends and prospects of its development. The language of Russian science today is heavily influenced by English, which is due to the requirement to write articles for journals in English, and to numerous international conferences where even Russian scientists make reports in English, as well as to the spread of terminology in English, in place of the conventional Russian terminology, which for many seems a marker of “novelty” in approach. It is possible to change the approach only if we understand the tendencies in the Russian scientific language at different stages of its historical development. This article is devoted to one of the earliest periods in the formation of the Russian scientific language – the second half of XVIII – early XIX centuries. It was during this period that the first Russian scholars appeared, writing in their native language. And the increasing translation activity leads to the appearance of quality works of a scientific nature (encyclopedias, academic books, and dictionaries) – and these works become a reference point for the emergence of original scientific texts. Finally, in 1783 the Russian Academy was founded, and its first work was the Dictionary of the Russian Academy (1789-1794). The article analyzes certain features of the scientific language at that period and their reflection in the current scientific language. The author concludes that the formation of the science language in XVIII – early XIX centuries was contradictory: the scientific language sought to avoid morphological and syntactic innovations and at the same time the vocabulary of the language sought imagery and vividness, which led to the formation of terminology with its internal form in the Russian language.

БАХТИНСКИЙ ВОПРОС. СТАТЬЯ ТРЕТЬЯ: ВАЛЕНТИН НИКОЛАЕВИЧ ВОЛОШИНОВ

The article is a brief biography of Valentin Nikolaevich Voloshinov from the standpoint of his participation in the Bakhtin circle and publications under his own name of a number of Bakhtin’s works, which began with the critical article “Beyond the Social Principle” (1925), continued by the theoretical article “Discourse in life and discourse in poetry” (1926), books “Freudianism. A Critical Sketch” (1927) and “Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. Fundamental Problems of the Sociological Method in the Science of Language” (1929) and which completed by several papers in 1930. Additional arguments are given in favor of an earlier acquaintance between Bakhtin and Voloshinov than was commonly believed in the 1990 s, and a special interpretation of the episode with Voloshinov in the memoirs of O.M. Freidenberg is put forward.

Интонация побудительных высказываний телеутского языка: XX век и начало XXI века

Acoustic analysis of the intonation of imperative statements of the Teleut language revealed some patterns in the development of the Teleut intonation system. The new data were compared with those obtained by F. A. Kim when studying similar linguistic material. These patterns are in line with the science of language and are explained by the linguistic situation of the endangered Teleut language. Thus, the new tendencies can be seen in the pronunciation of bilingual speakers of a younger generation. In turn, the features described by F. A. Kim are more characteristic of the speech of the older generation speakers, who consider the Teleut language to be their native language. Each utterance was characterized as having a rheme with a zero topic. The rheme in short imperative statements representing a request, demand, advice, or order was found to have a globally increasing pitch or may be characterized as a fall-rise or rise-fall pitch movement.

Предметные области и методы исследования лингвистического времени в современной англистике

The subject of this study is the methodology, methods and metalanguage of describing linguistic time as a category, which for many years has been at the center of research aimed at revealing the processes of conceptualizing time and analyzing the linguistic means of its expression. A variety of approaches to the study of linguistic time and ways of interpreting this concept, as well as metalinguistic differences indicate that understanding the question of how to interpret linguistic time in the science of language doesn’t lose its relevance. The purpose of study is to summarize the information about the main approaches to the study of the category of time in modern works on English. The result of the analysis of the scientific literature of the last thirty years was the description and systematization of approaches, methods and materials chosen by the authors for the analysis of various aspects of the expression of time. Having singled out the main directions in the study of linguistic time (logical-conceptual, proper linguistic, linguistic and cultural, cognitive), we conclude that the main trends in the study of this category are the widespread use of comparative analysis in relation to different time periods and different languages with attraction of a socially and culturally significant vertical context; selection of lexical level units as the main object and their description by methods of lexico-semantic analysis, field structuring, linguo-stylistic analysis, cultural interpretation; a significant place given to the study of idioms and metaphorical models of the representation of time. The statement about the lack of consistency in the methods and metalanguage of time description from the standpoint of cognitive science is substantiated.

БАХТИНСКИЙ ВОПРОС. СТАТЬЯ ВТОРАЯ: ПАВЕЛ НИКОЛАЕВИЧ МЕДВЕДЕВ

In the article a short biography of Pavel Nikolaevich Medvedev is demonstrated from the standpoint of his participation in Bakhtin’s circle and his publications under his own name a number of Bakhtin’s works, begun by the methodological article “Scientific Salierism” (1925), continued with reviews of the books of V. Shklovsky and B. Tomashevsky, a detailed replica “Sociologism without sociology” on the occasion of P.N. Sakulin’s monograph “Sociological method in literary criticism” (1925) and brought to great methodological clarity by the book “The Formal Method in Literary Criticism. A Critical Introduction to Sociological Poetics” (1928). The Medvedev’s management has been emphasized in the publication of these works, as well as the books “Freudianism. A Critical Sketch” (1927), “Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. Fundamental Problems of the Sociological Method in the Science of Language” (1929) and the several articles and reviews published under the title authorship of Voloshinov, and the book under the clear authorship of Bakhtin “Problems of Dostoevsky’s Creation” (1929). The mediating role of Medvedev between the authorities and the intelligentsia in Vitebsk and Leningrad in the 1920 s - 1930 s is presented.

Understanding the language of science through the science of language

Understanding the language of science through the science of language

STYLISTIC TERMINOLOGY IN THE WORKS OF LINGUISTS OF THE KHARKIV PHILOLOGICAL SCHOOL ІN THE 20S–30S OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The article systematizes and analyzes the stylistic terminology presented in scientific studies, works on language culture, stylistics, and translation studies by representatives of the Kharkiv Philological School of the 20s-30s of the 20th century. Cross-cutting theoretical and practical issues related to the development of the terminological tools of Ukrainian linguistic stylistics during the period of its formation as a separate branch of linguistics are traced. The relevant stylistic categories relied on by researchers of the language and style of Ukrainian classical writers, the language of science and journalism are noted: modern literary language, living language, folk language, sense of language, linguistic taste, peculiarities of the Ukrainian language, scientific language, artistic language, language of the press, literary norm, literary form, verbal formulas, linguistic phenomenon, specific meaning, context, synonyms, construction not characteristic of the Ukrainian language, uzus. Emphasis is placed on the fact that in the works of M. Sumtsov, O. Kurylo, O. Sinyavskyi, M. Hladkyi, M. Sulima, M. Johansen, S. Smerechynskyi, L. Bulakhovskyi, B. Tkachenko, O. Finkel, the terms and facts of the language in the broad context of other languages, with the involvement of foreign language counterparts. Underscored the advantage of studying stylistic means in practical terms as an additional characteristic of lexical, phraseological, grammatical phenomena, as a means of diversification, development of general literary norms. The characteristic features of this period are noted: 1) the instability of terminology, 2) the presence of variants in the terminological system of stylistics, 3) the consistent use of the lexemes language and language in term compounds. Substantial achievements of scientists were the justification of stylistics as a separate educational discipline, the definition of the main concepts of stylistics, the systematization of linguistic phenomena according to separate functional styles and according to the carriers of the corresponding linguistic properties; formulation of practical advice on the use of lexical groups, phraseological units, grammatical forms; analysis of idiosyncratic features of Ukrainian literary classics. The study of a specific terminological system in diachrony outlines the trends in the development of linguistic terminology in general.

Similarity and Difference Between Landscape Character and Townscape

The phrases 'townscape' and 'landscape character' are not used very often in common language, although we meet the meaning of these notions day after day. In scientific language, the definitions of settlement and landscape sometimes merge into each other, while at other times are totally different. What do we mean by townscape and what by landscape character? Is it possible to separate the two? The answer is constantly changing during history, according to the spirit of the age and the field of science. Despite the differences and formation, the various approaches converge in many aspects: we always mean a continuously changing, dynamic, spatial, physically distinct visual, and also a geographical spatial unit, which surrounds us. The definition of this, and a deliberate and controlled development are becoming more and more important in landscape and urban planning. At the end of 2016, a new genre, the so called Townscape Design Guide was introduced by law on local planning. In 2016, the national landscape character project had also begun. The phrases in the title refer to these new, national professional ’genres’. The aim of the study is to get to know these two, parallel processes, to reveal their connections by interpreting the Hungarian legal system, and the international background that influences it.

Stylistic transformation of biological terminology in modern mass media

This article examines how biological terminology functions in contemporary mass media language. Additionally, it identifies the major thematic groups in biological terminology and traces their semantic changes in the language of mass media. The primary function of mass media is to highlight current problems of society and to inform ordinary people, so it is natural that scientific language is actively incorporated into journalistic narratives. Usually, the most relevant terms for society enter mass media. Everyday attention of the mass media is largely focused on issues of health, food, conservation and genetic inheritance, which inevitably activates the involvement of the terminology of the biological sciences in the attributes of this style. In the language of mass media, biological terms can function in a direct sense, performing a directly informative function and indirectly an epistemological function, popularizing new knowledge for readers, and in a figurative sense, performing stylistic and expressive functions. Terminology, used in a figurative sense, not only helps to figuratively and eloquently characterize socio-political processes, specific public figures, reproduce complex political vicissitudes, but it also becomes a tool of linguistic influence on the recipient. Among the biological terms that have undergone semantic transformations in the language of mass media, it is possible to outline separate thematic groups: names of sciences; terms for different types of organisms or groups of organisms; terms for parts of organisms; terms for biological processes, states and phenomena; terms for genetic concepts. When taken outside of its natural domain, the biological vocabulary can give journalism novelty and freshness, accuracy and effectiveness. With frequent use, the terminology becomes clear to readers and becomes part of their active vocabulary.

Attracting the Enthusiasm of Young Talents on Campus to Cultivate Interest in Doing Research

This research is about giving students an understanding that research is not a burden for them on campus. Indeed this is the last assignment before graduation which looks very burdensome for them to get a bachelor's degree. But what is it exactly? And why do we need to do it before graduating? In the research that has been done, I included students from several private universities in Bali. Based on the interviews conducted, it was found that several problems faced by students were found to be obstacles in completing the writing of the scientific paper. Collecting data in this study using unstructured interviews which are free interviews where researchers do not use interview guidelines that have been arranged systematically and completely for data collection. Researchers discussed with students the concept of a multimodal method that can help see the problem from a visual, auditory perspective or can be shaped like a story; maybe it can increase the enthusiasm of young researchers. Sometimes scientific language that is difficult to understand makes it appear that it requires a high IQ. For successful research "other factors are more important than a high IQ". Enthusiasm and persistence are two prime examples. Making the concept of storytelling, having fun, and realizing that this skill is needed for everyday life. So the main point is how we can increase the enthusiasm of young talents on campus to grow their interest in research, because basically all problems, whether looking for causes or solutions, require a research analysis concept.

What does the public think about language science?

Despite the long tradition of using the scientific method to study language, there is a widespread, if largely anecdotally based, feeling among language scientists that the general public does not perceive language to be a classic object of scientific study. The goal of the current study was to investigate this notion. We report the results of three experiments conducted in informal science learning environments that: (i) confirm the public thinks of science and language as fundamentally different objects, and (ii) show there are some areas of language science that are more readily accepted as science than others. Our results also suggest that high-impact demonstrations of core linguistic phenomena may be used to encourage people to recognize that language can be, and often is, an object of scientific study. Although the public has an incomplete understanding of the study of language, we argue that the strong humanistic approach with which the public associates the study of language can be seen as an opportunity to broaden participation in science.

Journal of Scientific Temper

Every citizen in society should have the opportunity to think, understand and work scientifically. Under the Fundamental Duties as per Article 51A (H) in the Constitution of India, it has been said that it will be the duty of every citizen of India to develop a scientific temper, humanism and a spirit of inquiry and reform. Research always tends to find the new things, revolving around the facts and data. This research is towards the effectiveness and role of science newspaper Vaigyanik Drishtikon in science communication in Jaipur. The role of this research is to understand, analyse and check the effectiveness of the newspaper. Vaigyanik Drishtikon a fortnightly science newspaper is running from last 22 years and regarded as the first science newspaper in India. So it is playing a wide and vivid role in developing scientific temperament and awareness in the society. In life, we always need a way to reach aim, simultaneously in research there is a need of methodology. For conveying the best research and finding the outcomes researcher choose the online survey method. 21st century is the age of technology. Google form is quite handy tool for collecting data. Researcher have used Google form to collect 425 responses of a questionnaire comprising 22 questions. Most of the people participating in the survey have fully accepted that 'Vaigyanik Drishtikon' has developed their scientific understanding to a great extent and made them aware of the logical, informative and interesting knowledge of science in simple language. This kind of work need to be accomplish and many more to do.

MFAST: A MATLAB toolbox for ocean bottom seismometer refraction first-arrival traveltime tomography

First-arrival seismic traveltime tomography (FAST) is a well-established technique to estimate subsurface velocity structures. Although several existing open-source packages are available for first-arrival traveltime tomography, most were written in compiled languages and lack sufficient extendibility for new algorithms and functionalities. In this work, we develop an open-source, self-contained FAST package based on MATLAB, one of the most popular interpreted scientific programming languages, with a focus on ocean bottom seismometer refraction traveltime tomography. Our package contains a complete traveltime tomography workflow, including ray-tracing-based first-arrival traveltime computation, linearized inversion, quality control, and high-quality visualization. We design the package as a modular toolbox, making it convenient to integrate new algorithms and functionalities as needed. At the current stage, our package is most efficient for performing FAST for two-dimensional ocean bottom seismometer surveys. We demonstrate the efficacy and accuracy of our package by using a synthetic data example based on a modified Marmousi model.

Anthropocentrism as an important feature of modern linguistics

The article deals with the problem of study of linguistic phenomena by the anthropocentric paradigm, as well as the manifestation of man in a language and language in a man. The anthropocentric paradigm was formed as a result of the development of the cognitive-discursive direction of linguistic research. Within the framework of anthropocentric linguistics, a person as a user of a language is recognized as a subject of linguistics. The article deals with the problems of linguistic world picture, scientific world picture, linguistic personality, language and culture on the basis of theoretical analysis of anthropocentric proverbs and sayings.

SUBJECT-INTEGRATED TEACHING OF ENGLISH AT A PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY: DIALOGUE AND CONVERGENCE OF METHODS

In the teaching of foreign languages at the present stage of development of the economy and society as a whole, there is a process of serious transformation. In this regard, interdisciplinary connections acquire a special role, allowing to actualize the meta-subject potential of the discipline «Foreign Language». Attempts to integrate two academic disciplines within the framework of one lesson force specialists in the field of education to take a fresh look at the general methodological problems of teaching both a foreign language and natural science disciplines. The problems covered in the article are an attempt by the authors to comprehend and broadcast their pedagogical experience.