Scientific Ingenuity Research Articles

A Comprehensive Analysis in Pyrolysis Technology for Sustainable Fuel Production

[2]The escalation of plastic waste has become one of the most pressing ecological crises of our time. With millions of tons of plastic flooding landfills, oceans, and ecosystems annually, traditional recycling systems seem inadequate—struggling against the complex, mixed, and contaminated nature of discarded plastics. Amidst this environmental chaos, pyrolysis has emerged as an innovative, albeit intricate, solution: a high-temperature, oxygen-free process that fractures plastic polymers into a spectrum of valuable, albeit sometimes volatile, products. In this review, we delve into the multi-faceted world of pyrolysis, a thermochemical reaction that transforms waste plastic into an array of fuels, gases, and solid byproducts. The volatile interplay between feedstock types—ranging from ubiquitous polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) to stubbornly resistant polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)—determines the efficiency and nature of the products. Pyrolysis products generally fall into three categories: the liquid fuel (a complex cocktail of hydrocarbons), gaseous byproducts (methane, ethylene, propane), and the solid char, often a carbonaceous material with applications ranging from industrial processes to carbon black production. [7]Recent strides in technology have injected new life into this ancient process. Catalytic pyrolysis, employing zeolites and metal oxides, seeks to lower the reaction temperatures and boost the yield of liquid fuels while curbing the formation of byproducts. Fast pyrolysis, with its lightning-fast heating rates, promises a quantum leap in liquid yields. Moreover, the integration of pyrolysis with other technologies, such as waste-to-energy systems, aims to maximize energy recovery and make the entire process more resource-efficient. [8] However, the promise of pyrolysis is far from unblemished. From the unpredictable variability of plastic waste feedstocks to the significant energy consumption, the road to mass adoption is riddled with technical, economic, and environmental hurdles. Moreover, while pyrolysis may offer a cleaner alternative to landfilling and incineration, its byproducts—particularly gases—demand stringent emission controls to avoid unleashing harmful pollutants. Thus, while pyrolysis holds immense potential to help solve the global plastic waste problem, it requires more than just scientific ingenuity; it demands a concerted effort to innovate, optimize, and scale sustainably.

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the science of desalination- a far-reaching Review

Human civilization, science and technology are today in the midst of immense scientific rejuvenation, scientific ingenuity and engineering vision. Human scientific stance and ingenuity are in the middle of deep engineering catastrophe as regards provision of clean drinking water, proper sanitation and proper public health engineering. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are today the pillars of man and mankind today. The domains of membrane science and desalination are the needs of science and technology today. The author deeply reiterates the veritable needs of the science of desalination in drinking water treatment and industrial wastewater treatment. In this article the author deeply touches upon the application areas and the concepts behind the application of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals which includes provision of pure drinking water. The vision of this study is to target the areas of water integrity and water sustainability in the futuristic vision and futuristic ingenuity of environmental engineering science and chemical process engineering.

Development and Characterization of Charantin Loaded Transferosomes based Transdermal Formulation: An Effective and Patient Friendly Way for Diabetes Management

Transferosomes, marvels of scientific ingenuity, represent exquisitely optimized and ultra- deformable (ultra-flexible) lipid supramolecular aggregates, uniquely capable of traversing the mammalian skin intact. These remarkable carrier systems have harnessed the power of transdermal delivery, enabling the transport of drugs, irrespective of their molecular weight from the tiniest compounds to the most substantial ones. The incorporation of Charantin into transferosomal gel formulation holds immense promise in advancing topical therapeutics. Charantin, a bioactive compound derived from Momordica charantia, possesses potent medicinal properties with antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. When integrated into the lipid-based transferosomal system, Charantin's efficacy is significantly amplified due to enhanced skin penetration and improved stability against degradation. The versatile nature of transferosomal gels allows for encapsulating both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, making it an ideal carrier for Charantin regardless of its solubility characteristics. Driven by the pursuit of excellence, the present study sought to masterfully optimize the Transferosomes to orchestrate an unparalleled symphony of enhanced skin delivery for Charantin.

Modular vector assembly enables rapid assessment of emerging CRISPR technologies

The diversity of CRISPR systems, coupled with scientific ingenuity, has led to an explosion of applications; however, to test newly described innovations in their model systems, researchers typically embark on cumbersome, one-off cloning projects to generate custom reagents that are optimized for their biological questions. Here, we leverage Golden Gate cloning to create the Fragmid toolkit, a modular set of CRISPR cassettes and delivery technologies, along with a web portal, resulting in a combinatorial platform that enables scalable vector assembly within days. We further demonstrate that multiple CRISPR technologies can be assessed in parallel in a pooled screening format using this resource, enabling the rapid optimization of both novel technologies and cellular models. These results establish Fragmid as a robust system for the rapid design of CRISPR vectors, and we anticipate that this assembly approach will be broadly useful for systematic development, comparison, and dissemination of CRISPR technologies.

The Vast and Diverse World of the Science of Paranoid Schizophrenia, Scientific Vision of Cognitive Science and a Biomedical Science Perspective

The world of challenges in the field of medical science, biomedical science, health sciences and engineering are in the path of newer scientific and technological regeneration. In the similar vision, the science of psychology and psychiatry are also in the avenues of deep scientific ingenuity and scientific prowess. This is a case study of the author who is suffering from schizophrenia from November, 1993. Since October, 2012, he is diagnosed with glaucoma in his both eyes. Long years of agony, ardor, trials and tribulations have passed since then. This treatise deeply elucidates the strong ardor and mental health challenges faced by the author since November, 1993. Medical science, health science and technology needs to be revamped and re-envisioned as regards treatment and cure of this difficult mental health illness. The author deeply pronounces the needs of psychotherapy and counselling in the treatment and well-being of the patient. This article reiterates the revamping of the science of paranoid schizophrenia since this is an incurable ailment. Scientific rejuvenation and deep technological vision are the utmost needs of the hour. The field of biomedical sciences and biological engineering will truly open newer windows of scientific innovation and scientific triumph in decades to come. This article is a message to all sufferers of the ailment of schizophrenia and other bi-polar disorders. Surely a newer day and a newer dawn in medical science will emerge if discoveries and innovations moves towards positive directions in treatment and cure. Civilization and science will surely usher in a newer dawn in the science of psychiatry if there is an effective support system from doctors and psychologists across the globe. In the similar vision the domain of healthcare system across the world will witness newer scientific regeneration if researchers, scientists, students and policy makers takes affirmative steps and affirmative vision in the scientific research pursuit in psychological science in decades to come. Recent breakthroughs in cognitive science and neuroscience will surely usher in newer dimensions in treatment and cure of schizophrenia.

The Science of Paranoid Schizophrenia, the Science of Biomedical Research and the Visionary Future

Science, technology, engineering and medicine are today in the path deep scientific ingenuity and regeneration. Biomedical science and medical science are in the similar vision in the path of newer scientific rejuvenation and deep introspection. Schizophrenia and paranoid schizophrenia is an extremely illness to treat. The author is suffering from schizophrenia since November, 1993. Since August, 2020, he is suffering from a serious form of this illness. Today he has glaucoma in his both eyes since October, 2012. Paranoid schizophrenia is a serious ailment of schizophrenia. Man and mankind are in the groundbreaking areas of affirmative vision. The author deeply reiterates the need of psychotherapy and counseling in the futuristic vision of schizophrenia treatment.

Moving Research-Based Learning in Life Sciences Upstream, and Beyond Borders: An International Group Research Project for High School Youth.

International cooperation beyond borders, institutions, and intergenerationally is an important aspect of science and research-based learning. Timing of learning also matters. Early exposure to group research-based learning can potentially have lasting positive impacts on youth and their careers in life sciences. Here, we report our work on the International Group Project (IGP), which builds on the International Biology Olympiad (IBO) organized in Yerevan, Armenia, in 2022. The IBO is an annual international competition for high school students held since 1990 around the world. We envisioned the IGP as a novel opportunity for life sciences research-based education among youth. We formed diverse IGP research teams 2 months before the IBO, and comprised high school students from 32 countries, communicating in a digital environment via videoconferencing. Each team formulated a research question in an IGP theme from five domains of life sciences: "Biomedicine," "Molecular and cell biology," "Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence," "Bionics and Biomimicry," "Across Species." Subsequently, team members collectively solved their research question by applying life sciences methodologies under supervision from a facilitator scientist. Each team created a poster based on their research and presented in-person to the public at a satellite activity at the IBO. A special subcommittee of the IBO International Jury graded posters and allocated prizes based on scientific ingenuity and presentation quality. This experience from the IGP lends evidence to the feasibility of research-based learning in life sciences for high school youth beyond borders. Moving research-based learning upstream and internationally is well poised to advance 21st century life sciences from both interdisciplinary and intergenerational standpoints. The historic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that youth engagement in research-based learning and innovation in life sciences is timely.

The vast scientific vision and scientific ingenuity in the field of nanofiltration, nanotechnology and water sustainability- A state of the art review

Science, man, mankind and vision are today in the avenues of scientific regeneration as regards application of United Nations and Global Sustainable Development Goals. Water sustainability and water integrity are the pillars of scientific regeneration today. They are the pillars of environmental pollution control today. Engineering, applied sciences and natural sciences needs to be re-envisioned and reframed as regards protection of human environment and ecological biodiversity. Human civilisation today stands in the pathway and crevice of scientific adjudication and engineering vision. Water sustainability and environmental sustainability are two opposite sides of the visionary engineering coin. In this article, the author deeply elucidates of the scientific and engineering vision of membrane separation processes such as nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. Besides the author deeply targets the needs of water sustainability in the futuristic emancipation of global research and development initiatives. A newer dawn in the field of water science and technology will usher in as humankind moves forward.

Human stem cell-derived embryo models: Toward ethically appropriate regulations and policies.

Human pluripotent stem cells can be used to derive invitro models recapitulating post-implantation human embryos. While useful for research purposes, such integrated embryo models raise ethical issues that need to be addressed to facilitate ethically appropriate policies and regulations that permit scientific ingenuity and medical progress.

Revelation of the sciences of traditional foods

Traditional foods (TFs) inherit a long history and colorful cultures and are closely bound with the dietary patterns of indigenous people. They are either homemade or commercially made and purchased from local food outlets, which provide distinctive textural and sensory properties, nutritional values, and bioactivities. However, the science and wisdom of TFs are not necessarily clearly understood by local people in their historical context. Today's scientific knowledge and technical capabilities provide opportunities for scientists, industries, and consumers to understand the scientific ingenuity behind TFs, which may significantly promote the transition of TFs from homemade to scaled and standardized manufacturing with global availability and acceptance. In addition, the science of TFs may open new vistas for developing modern foods and new lifestyles. This review summarizes and provides insights into the science of TFs, covering food chemistry, food quality, food safety, health function, food processes, and its implications for future food systems. • Modern science revealed the sciences and benefits of TFs. • Scientific knowledge promoted TFs into global availability. • Science of TFs inspired the development of modern foods and new lifestyles. • Advanced methodologies provide new opportunities in TF studies.

Connecting artfully in the context of the emerging climate crisis

ABSTRACT The climate crisis is not (merely) a problem of science but also, pre-eminently, a moral and ethical one. Humans alive today are the first with overwhelming data that our modern, industrialised, high-carbon-consumption ways of living threaten the biosphere we depend on, and perhaps the last with meaningful opportunity to avert climate disaster. However, knowing how to act is not straightforward. This crisis requires the application of our scientific ingenuity and also that we build our individual and collective psychological, emotional and moral responsiveness. Whilst not replacing technological innovations or political reform, there is a vital role for artful actions that locate and re-connect us, to ourselves, to our context-in-nature, to each other. In artful action attentiveness to the subjective, committed personal experience is fundamental and so artful inquiry often begins with first person work, which can then be adapted to address communal concerns. In this article I present outcomes from a sustained cycle of first-person inquiry, which used a structured framework of walking and ‘compressed writing’ that I term poetic charting. My aspiration is to develop simple exercises that might support an ethic of connectedness and participation for moral action appropriate to the challenges facing the present climate breakdown generation/s.

Developing a COVID‐19 Yeast Oral Vaccine for Low Income Countries

Despite the scientific ingenuity of their design, traditional SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines are expensive and require ultracold freezers for storage that are not available in many parts of the world. This makes them inaccessible to third world countries, and no shelf stable, low‐cost alternative currently exists. In response, we have constructed a novel COVID‐19 vaccine delivery system using the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii. We engineered a plasmid to express the receptor binding domain of the SARS CoV‐2 spike protein. The yeast mating type pheromone secretion signal was fused to the N‐terminus of the immunogen and the Claudin‐4 targeting sequence of the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin was fused to the C‐terminus. Yeast cells secreting this construct are currently being tested in an animal model to determine if they can elicit an immune response.

ARCHAIC INSCRIBED VOTIVES ON THE ATHENIAN ACROPOLIS: DATING THE DEDICATIONS OF ORDINARY MEN AND WOMEN

Sacred landscapes, like all landscapes in Greece, were subject to natural disasters; sometimes, however, Greeks could protect themselves and their buildings. N. Makris and his collaborators have explained in numerous publications how Greek architects and builders designed some of their temples in such a way that they were protected from destruction by earthquakes. There were, however, other causes of ruin: the temple of Zeus at Nemea, for example, was destroyed by human looters. Unlike destruction due to some natural causes, protecting temples from human destruction could not so easily rely upon scientific ingenuity and experience. The destruction that the Persians wreaked upon the Acropolis of Athens in 480 BCE is perhaps the best known: it is well documented in the descriptive accounts of ancient historians (Herodotus, Thucydides and Diodorus Siculus) as well as in the archaeological evidence on the ground; the case for the totality of that destruction is accepted by most scholars today. Here we focus, however, not on the destruction, but on the chance preservation of material objects in the Acropolis deposits; our interest lies broadly in the methods used for dating the oldest of these deposits, viz., the rubble left by the Persian devastation (often designated the Perserschutt in the last century); eventually, we shall be interested in identifying a method for dating the letters of inscribed texts amongst the oldest finds. The preliminary enterprise here is part of a larger project, the publication of a new edition of the archaic inscribed bronze dedications on the Athenian Acropolis.

Application of Electrochemical Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater - An Overview

Environmental engineering, environmental protection and chemical process engineering are today in the avenues of new scientific revelation and deep scientific regeneration. Industrial wastewater treatment and water purification stand in the midst of scientific introspection and scientific comprehension. Both conventional and non-conventional environmental engineering techniques are today the needs of the hour. Non-conventional environmental engineering techniques involve electrochemical treatments and advanced oxidation processes. This review investigates the application of electrochemical technologies for the treatment of industrial wastewater. In the article we have also depicted profoundly the immediate need and the immediate concerns of electrochemical treatments of industrial wastewater. The applications of nanotechnology are also delineated in minute details. The main objective of this article is to elucidate on electrochemical technologies, nanotechnology applications and non- conventional environmental protection methods. The present study deeply deals with various electrochemical technologies in the treatment of industrial wastewater. Various areas of nanomaterials and engineering nanomaterials applications in the treatment of water and wastewater are the other areas of deep scientific research pursuit. Heavy metal groundwater remediation and electrochemical treatments are also dealt with scientific vision and scientific ingenuity in this paper. Arsenic groundwater contamination is a disaster to human life on earth. The authors also stresses on these areas of scientific introspection.

First Space Colony: What Political System Could We Expect?

The article argues that near-future space colonization missions exceeding a certain number of colonists raise new questions about social organization and colony governance challenges. Although small crewed missions can be governed by a mission commander, dozens of people living on another celestial body will naturally create a community, and hundreds will require intentional implementation of a governance model as such a colony will become a society. We assess in detail the possible implications of four theoretical approaches to space colony governance that reflect current debates in the spaceflight community: governance by science and engineering, libertarianism, national exceptionalism, and cosmopolitanism. Although we openly argue for cosmopolitan ideas to be part of any space-related governance questions, we build the argument on Ulrich Beck's thoughts that a cosmopolitan outlook should become part of our current territorially divided national identities, as both are mutually constituted. The article shows how each governance approach has certain drivers capable of proceeding with space colonization, while each of them is insufficient on its own to provide a sustainable future without a possible collapse of the colony. In the end, we introduce a consistent cloud of thoughts raising various dilemmas, to trigger a debate over particular models that space colonies could be governed by, rather than proposing a complex universal governance model. It helps us to demonstrate why cosmopolitan ideas are so important, while the energy found in business, national exceptionalism, and scientific ingenuity is also necessary.

The Nature-culture continuum through moving images: from Pauline Julier’s Vegetable Pompeii to Pliny the Elder’s Naturalis Historiae

It is not scientific ingenuity that discovers Nature, but on the contrary it is the changing Nature that makes scientific research possible. Nonetheless, we are disposing of Nature as worthless consumer objects that alone could be bringing us to some sacred significance. In order to analyze the contradictions and pitfalls of the posthuman condition in a novel way, i.e., by means of research methodology, it would be desirable to approach artistic images such as Julier’s through the recent scholarship of Durafour and his idea of “econology”: images as “beings-in-between”, making the link between human and non-human nature. I hope to demonstrate how we, from our human position, should face and reconnect to the inhuman part of images.

Why Wait? The Case for Treating Tuberculosis with Inhaled Drugs.

The discovery of drugs to treat tuberculosis (TB) was a major medical milestone in the twentieth century. However, from the outset, drug resistance was observed. Currently, of the 10 million people that exhibit TB symptoms each year, 450,000 have multidrug or extensively drug resistant (MDR or XDR) TB. While greater understanding of the host and pathogen (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mtb) coupled with scientific ingenuity will lead to new drugs and vaccines, in the meantime 4000 people die daily from TB. Thus, efforts to improve existing TB drugs should also be prioritized. Improved efficacy and decreased dose and associated toxicity of existing drugs would translate to greater compliance, life expectancy and quality of life of Mtb infected individuals. One potential strategy to improve existing drugs is to deliver them by inhalation as aerosols to the lung, the primary site of Mtb infection. Inhaled drugs are used for other pulmonary diseases, but they have yet to be utilized for TB. Inhaled therapies for TB represent an untapped opportunity that the pharmaceutical, clinical and regulatory communities should consider.

A hundred years of the first experimental test of general relativity

Einsteins general theory of relativity is one of the most important accomplishments in the history of science. Its experimental verification a century ago is therefore an essential milestone that is worth celebrating in full. We reassess the importance of one of the two expeditions that made these measurements possible, a story that involves a sense of adventure and scientific ingenuity in equal measure.

Chemistry’s role in human space travel

Despite the success of remote-controlled robotic spacecraft, humans are continuing their quest to explore space up close and in person. For example, the U.S. government is prepared to devote funding to NASA’s Journey to Mars program, which aims to send humans to Mars in the 2030s.But the care and feeding of people on long space flights, or on planets such as Mars, will require enormous engineering and scientific ingenuity and advances. Many of these developments will hinge on chemistry, according to a group of scientists who are hoping to bring the central science to the forefront of human space flight efforts.Ferenc Darvas, founder and director of the Budapest-based flow chemistry developer ThalesNano; Roland Hirsch, program manager at the U.S. Department of Energy; and former American Chemical Society president Attila Pavlath organized a symposium titled “Space Chemistry: How It Helps Space Exploration” at last month’s ACS national meeting in San Francisco.

Volume 89A, Number 5, May 2016 Cover Image

AbstractOn the cover: Bring your umbrellas and scientific ingenuity to Seattle to join cytometrists from around the world at CYTO 2016, the 31st Congress of the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry, from June 11 to June 15. Read about the ISAC Scholars Mentorship program in this issue of Cytometry Part A, and get the program's first year updates and future perspectives at CYTO 2016.Cover design by Bärbel Beran [www.beran‐design.de].