Development Of Science Research Articles

Airport–Industry–City Integrated Accessibility Using Big Data Case View from Beijing Capital International Airport

Big data technology can help collect, analyze, and process large-scale transportation, population, economic, and other relevant data, which has been proven to be more accurate in assessing the accessibility of different areas. An aerotropolis is composed of the airport as the core, airport-related industry as the link, and the airport-oriented city as the carrier, airport–industry–city (AIC) system. To better grasp the development quality of aerotropolises, an AIC integrated accessibility measurement model is constructed comprising the accessibility of airport route network, airport ground traffic, and airport information coverage. Using big data of traffic, network and information from 2001 to 2020, we apply the model to the Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK) aerotropolis. The results show that PEK’s AIC connectivity exceeded 1 for the first time in 2008, reaching 1.0890, which the range of the scale is [0, +∞]. It fluctuated significantly from 2017 to 2020, showing a double life-cycle S-curve. So, the PEK aerotropolis’ development can be divided into four stages: germination (before 2001), high-speed development (2002–2011), gradual formation (2012–2019), and “seeking change in the process of change” (after 2020). Our model offers a new tool for identifying the development stages of aerotropolises and for improving connectivity—namely, improving the accessibility of the airport node network, the layout of airside-preferring enterprises, and the network structure of new Internet-based airport cities. Obviously, the AIC integrated accessibility can indeed guide the scientific development of an aerotropolis.

The 100 most cited articles in artificial intelligence related to orthopedics.

This bibliometric study aimed to identify and analyze the top 100 articles related to artificial intelligence in the field of orthopedics. The articles were assessed based on their number of citations, publication years, countries, journals, authors, affiliations, and funding agencies. Additionally, they were analyzed in terms of their themes and objectives. Keyword co-occurrence, co-citation of authors, and co-citation of references analyses were conducted using VOSviewer (version 1.6.19). The number of citations of these articles ranged from 32 to 272, with six papers having more than 200 citations The years of 2019 (n: 37) and 2020 (n: 19) together constituted 56% of the list. The USA was the leading contributor country to this field (n: 61). The most frequently used keywords were "machine learning" (n: 26), "classification" (n: 18), "deep learning" (n: 16), "artificial intelligence" (n: 14), respectively. The most common themes were decision support (n: 25), fracture detection (n: 24), and osteoarthrtitis staging (n: 21). The majority of the studies were diagnostic in nature (n: 85), with only two articles focused on treatment. This study provides valuable insights and presents the historical perspective of scientific development on artificial intelligence in the field of orthopedics. The literature in this field is expanding rapidly. Currently, research is generally done for diagnostic purposes and predominantly focused on decision support systems, fracture detection, and osteoarthritis classification.

Reciprocal self-disclosure makes children feel more loved by their parents in the moment: A proof-of-concept experiment.

Feeling loved by one's parents is critical for children's health and well-being. How can such feelings be fostered? A vital feature of loving interactions is reciprocal self-disclosure, where individuals disclose intimate information about themselves. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we examined whether encouraging reciprocal self-disclosure in parent-child dyads would make children feel more loved during the conversation. Participants were 218 children (ages 8-13, 50% girls, 94% Dutch) and one of their parents (ages 28-56, 62% women, 90% Dutch). Parent-child dyads received a list of 14 questions and took turns asking them each other for 9min. Dyads were assigned randomly to engage in self-disclosure (questions invoking escalated intimacy) or small talk (questions invoking minimal intimacy). Before and after, children reported how loved they felt by their parent during the conversation. Self-disclosure made children feel more loved during the conversation than did small talk. Compared to small talk, self-disclosure did not instigate conversations that were lengthier or more positive; rather, it instigated conversations that were more emotionally charged (reflecting anger, anxiety, and sadness), social (discussing family and friends), reflective (creating insight), and meaningful (addressing deeply personal topics, including the passing of loved ones). The dyad's gender composition did not significantly moderate these effects. Our research suggests that reciprocal self-disclosure can make children feel more loved in the moment, uncovers linguistic signatures of reciprocal self-disclosure, and offers developmental scientists a tool to examine causal effects of reciprocal self-disclosure in parent-child dyads. Future work should examine long-term effects in everyday parent-child interactions. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: How can parents make children feel more loved by them in the moment? We theorize that these feelings can be cultivated through reciprocal self-disclosure. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we examined effects of reciprocal self-disclosure versus small talk in 218 parent-child dyads, with children aged 8-13. Self-disclosure (vs. small talk) made children feel more loved during the conversation. Linguistically, self-disclosure instigated conversations that were more emotionally charged, social, reflective, and meaningful. This research provides an experimental method to study self-disclosure in parent-child dyads and suggests that self-disclosure can make children feel more loved in the moment.

Anatomy of the top 1% most highly cited publications: An empirical comparison of two approaches

Abstract Scientific excellence is an ongoing object of quantitative analysis of science and technology literature. The most commonly adopted of the various criteria for such quantification is to define highly cited papers as the ones lying in the first percentile (top 1%) of citation counts. Wagner and colleagues have recently proposed a new method in which citation counts are determined as a whole, irrespective of discipline. This study analyzes the practical implications of the new approach compared to the traditional procedure in which papers are ranked bearing in mind the scientific field involved, with particular attention to the consequences for rankings by country and discipline. The results show that the new methodology favors countries with a predominance of polytechnical scientific production, technological development, and innovation and lowers the rank of countries where the social sciences, humanities, and basic research account for the lion’s share of output. An analysis of worldwide production confirms the growth of scientific output in technical and technological disciplines.

Infant-directed communication: Examining the many dimensions of everyday caregiver-infant interactions.

Everyday caregiver-infant interactions are dynamic and multidimensional. However, existing research underestimates the dimensionality of infants' experiences, often focusing on one or two communicative signals (e.g., speech alone, or speech and gesture together). Here, we introduce "infant-directed communication" (IDC): the suite of communicative signals from caregivers to infants including speech, action, gesture, emotion, and touch. We recorded 10min of at-home play between 44 caregivers and their 18- to 24-month-old infants from predominantly white, middle-class, English-speaking families in the United States. Interactions were coded for five dimensions of IDC as well as infants' gestures and vocalizations. Most caregivers used all five dimensions of IDC throughout the interaction, and these dimensions frequently overlapped. For example, over 60% of the speech that infants heard was accompanied by one or more non-verbal communicative cues. However, we saw marked variation across caregivers in their use of IDC, likely reflecting tailored communication to the behaviors and abilities of their infant. Moreover, caregivers systematically increased the dimensionality of IDC, using more overlapping cues in response to infant gestures and vocalizations, and more IDC with infants who had smaller vocabularies. Understanding how and when caregivers use all five signals-together and separately-in interactions with infants has the potential to redefine how developmental scientists conceive of infants' communicative environments, and enhance our understanding of the relations between caregiver input and early learning. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Infants' everyday interactions with caregivers are dynamic and multimodal, but existing research has underestimated the multidimensionality (i.e., the diversity of simultaneously occurring communicative cues) inherent in infant-directed communication. Over 60% of the speech that infants encounter during at-home, free play interactions overlap with one or more of a variety of non-speech communicative cues. The multidimensionality of caregivers' communicative cues increases in response to infants' gestures and vocalizations, providing new information about how infants' own behaviors shape their input. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding how caregivers use a diverse set of communicative behaviors-both separately and together-during everyday interactions with infants.

Conceptual Model for the Assessment of Academic Productivity in Research Seedbeds From a Systematic Review

<p style="text-align: justify;">Higher education institutions have focused their efforts on promoting research seedbeds as a strategy for formative research. In this regard, the impact of such a strategy remains unknown due to the lack of models that enable its evaluation. Therefore, this study aimed to design an evaluation model for the academic productivity of research seedbeds based on the available evidence in the literature. To achieve this, a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA model, analyzing 53 documents including articles, book chapters, and conference proceedings from the SCOPUS, ProQuest, Jstor, Scielo, and ScienceDirect databases. The results identified indicators that allowed for the design of a model based on six constructs: research training, institutional capabilities, bibliographic production, innovation and development, social appropriation of knowledge, and human resource training. It was concluded that the indicators evaluating research seedbeds seek greater scientific development involving students and improving the quality of research products, which directly impacts the institutional research mission.</p>

Вечный приоритет государства

The author conducts a historical analysis of the reforms of the content of Russian education. The article is published by the author in response to the article: Shishov S.E. Disinterested intellectual curiosity // Scientific research and development. Socio-humanitarian research and technology. 2023, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 7–8.

Conceptual approaches to the development of scientific-cognitive tourism in St. Petersburg

Aims. To develop an effective program for the development of science-cognitive tourism in St. Petersburg, which will help to attract tourists and increase the level of people’s knowledge about science.Objectives. To analyze the current state of scientific-cognitive tourism; to identify the main problems and obstacles for the development of this type of tourism in St. Petersburg; to form conceptual approaches, key activities and projects to be included in the program of scientific[1]cognitive tourism development; to develop a system of indicators of scientific-cognitive tourism development in St. Petersburg.Methods. The methods of descriptive literature review and statistical data analysis were used in the research process. The research includes the study and analysis of scientific articles, reports of scientific conferences and other publications related to the topic of scientific-cognitive tourism in St. Petersburg. This allows to form the theoretical basis of the study, to identify the main approaches, concepts and directions of development of scientific-cognitive tourism and its impact on the socio-economic sphere of the city. The analysis of statistics is based on the official statistical data on tourism provided by the Committee for Tourism Development of St. Petersburg, as well as on the data of international and domestic travel agencies, operators. On the basis of their analysis the trends and indicators of scientific and cognitive tourism development in the city at the present stage are revealed, the factors affecting supply and demand in this sphere are determined. To achieve the goals set in the article the general scientific methods were applied: synthesis, comparison, generalization.Results. The authors proposed conceptual approaches, main activities and projects that are included in the program of development of scientific and cognitive tourism. The system of indicators of development of scientific-cognitive tourism in St. Petersburg is developed.Conclusions. The conceptual approaches are presented within the framework of measures for the development of scientific-cognitive tourism. A program for the development of scientific[1]cognitive tourism has been developed, including such measures as the creation of a department for the development of scientific-cognitive tourism in the Committee for Tourism Development of St. Petersburg, the organization and implementation of a set of measures for the formation of sightseeing tours for schoolchildren of 10-11th grades in all state universities of St. Petersburg on priority areas of science, the construction and implementation of training and retraining courses for tourism workers in order to increase expertise in scientific-cognitive tourism. The system of indicators is developed, which will reflect in dynamics the growth of infrastructure of scientific-cognitive tourism and in view of it the increase of tourist flow. Thus, it is proposed to systematically develop this type of tourism, using the proposed program, taking into account the existing challenges.

РАЗВИТИЕ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА РЕГИОНОВ ПРИВОЛЖСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Currently, in the context of active transformation of the global economy, innovation plays a key role in the development of regions. This is especially noticeable in industrialized countries, where the prospects for sustainable economic growth are closely linked to the integration of the latest scientific and technological achievements, including progress in the fields of information technology, biotechnology, nanotechnology, as well as the introduction of new materials and technologies aimed at saving resources and protecting the environment . The development of the scientific and technological potential of the regions of the Russian Federation is recognized as a priority task at the state level. Issues of developing and implementing strategies that can stimulate the scientific and technological development of the regional economy occupy a central place in discussions at the highest government level and in scientific circles. The Volga Federal District of Russia stands out among other regions due to its high scientific and technological activity. Analysis of the scientific and technological potential of a given region, taking into account its scientific, technological and economic characteristics, is an important task, which provides for the relevance of developing special territorial strategies and methods for assessing scientific and technological development. The object of the study is the scientific and technological potential of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to assess the state, problems and prospects for the development of the scientific and technological potential of the regions of the Volga Federal District. Research methods: statistical analysis, comparative analysis, documentary method, general scientific methods. The scientific novelty of this research includes the identification and analysis of key factors that influence scientific and technological potential, as well as determining the directions of its development in the regions of the Volga Federal District.

The influence of family‐based social assistance programs and parenting on child development: A conceptual framework for research with U.S. families in poverty

AbstractNearly three decades since the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, federal cash assistance to families in poverty in the United States has entered political discourse once more with the Biden Administration's introduction of the American Families Plan. At the heart of this discussion are theories of change that derive from the family and developmental sciences. As a result, scientists in these fields have a duty to understand the history of the last reform and the consequences it has since had for children in poverty. In this paper, I review the history of perspectives toward government social assistance programs, as well as extant research demonstrating the mechanisms through which maternal employment and federal cash assistance impact child wellbeing. Lastly, I propose a conceptual framework for understanding the influence of family‐based social assistance programs and parenting on child wellbeing to guide future research.

Современная терминология и классификации в инвестиционном анализе

The article is devoted to the issues of improving the methodological provisions of investment analysis, which form of the basis for the projects of industrial enterprises strategic development. The purpose of the study is to develop fundamental theoretical aspects and methodological approaches to investment analysis as an integral function of complex management system of an economic entity. Both general scientific and applied research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, quantitative and qualitative methods of economic and investment analysis. A critical review of scientific and methodological publications and practical developments of modern Russian and foreign authors in the field of investment analysis is summarized. Directions for improvement of organization, content, methods of investment analysis and its information support have been developed, contributing to the quality of investment projects of manufacturing companies. Based on the generalization of the existing approaches to investment project activities and investment analysis practice, a conclusion is made regarding the necessity to update and supplement the terminological apparatus and specific typologization of objects within the scope of the research topic. Specified definitions of a number of fundamental concepts and terms are proposed, taking into account the specifics of project solutions of manufacturing companies. Special attention is paid to the practical use of financial analysis methods to assess the feasibility of investment project and substantiate the forecasts of its effectiveness.

Managerial challenges in the conditions of digitalisation. A review of the book “Management for digital transformation” (Springer, 2024)

The active processes of digitalisation of socio-economic systems require modifications of managerial activities which should be facilitated by relevant scientific developments. This article is a review of the monograph devoted to peculiarities of management in the conditions of digital transformation and written by the international team of specialists. The work includes 9 main chapters which address very different aspects of the problem and particularly control during digitalisation, technology transfer, talent management, interaction with customers, marketing tools, e-commerce, functioning of virtual teams, inter-organisational collaboration, management of digital waste. Generally, it is found that despite the fact that digitalisation opens new perspectives for managerial activities, it also forms significant difficulties, and its effects are ambivalent or can often be negative. The considered research field seems to be rather poorly studied, and the monograph successfully poses new questions for the subsequent investigations. The reviewed work demonstrates the mosaic composition; nonetheless, it is informative and offers an original view of the problem. It contains a lot of interesting conceptual constructs and is rich in factual materials. Also, the edition is distinguished by a substantial number of terms, and the available subject index facilitates better orientation in the latter. The style is purely academic, but the potential readership seems to be wide. Despite a few minor deficiencies, the monograph, undoubtedly, will be interesting to Russian specialists.

IMPROVE 2022 International Meeting on Pathway-Related Obesity: Vision of Excellence.

Nearly 90 clinicians and researchers from around the world attended the first IMPROVE 2022 International Meeting on Pathway-Related Obesity. Delegates attended in person or online from across Europe, Argentina and Israel to hear the latest scientific and clinical developments in hyperphagia and severe, early-onset obesity, and set out a vision of excellence for the future for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) pathway-related obesity. The meeting co-chair Peter Kühnen, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, indicated that change was needed with the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity and the associated complications to improve the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and acknowledge that monogenic forms of obesity can play an important role, providing insights that can be applied to a wider group of patients with obesity. World-leading experts presented the latest research and led discussions on the underlying science of obesity, diagnosis (including clinical and genetic approaches such as the role of defective MC4R signalling), and emerging clinical data and research with targeted pharmacological approaches. The aim of the meeting was to agree on the questions that needed to be addressed in future research and to ensure that optimised diagnostic work-up was used with new genetic testing tools becoming available. This should aid the planning of new evidence-based treatment strategies for the future, as explained by co-chair Martin Wabitsch, Ulm University Medical Center, Germany.

Students’ research experience, self-perceptions, and scientific productivity in undergraduate research programs: a case study of a Brazilian Midwest Institute

ABSTRACT Scientific and technological initiation programs are developed to introduce students to scientific research and technological development. We use the term undergraduate research (UR) to refer to both initiation modalities. Our study aimed to evaluate undergraduate students’ research experience, self-perceptions, and scientific production during one academic period. Quantitative analysis of curricula vitae and an electronic survey were conducted on students enrolled in a Brazilian Midwest Institute. The results showed that students who had participated in research activities more than once perceived the benefits of UR more positively (p = 0.047) and demonstrated a higher volume of academic production than those were participating for the first time (p < 0.001). Undergraduate students who participate in UR programs contribute positively to academic production and training by providing personal and professional benefits and the opportunity to produce academic work that can help initiate academic careers.

Assessment of urban ecosystem health and its influencing factors: a case study of Zibo City, China

Urban ecosystem health is the foundation of sustainable urban development. It is important to know the health status of urban ecosystem and its influencing factors for formulating scientific urban development planning. Taking Zibo city as the study area, the indicators were selected from five aspects: ecosystem vigor, structure, resilience, service function and population health to establish an assessment index system of urban ecosystem health. The health level of urban ecosystem was assessed, and its changing trend was analyzed from 2006 to 2018 in Zibo. Furthermore, obstacle degree analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to quantitatively analyze the main obstacle factors and sensitivity factors affecting urban ecosystem health, so as to provide references for improving urban ecosystem health. The results showed that the health level of urban ecosystem in Zibo showed an upward trend from 2006 to 2018. The poor structure and ecological environment quality were the main obstacle factors to urban ecosystem health. The impact of changes in a single indicator on urban ecosystem health gradually decreased, but the sensitivity index of indicators had obvious differences. Urban ecosystem health was sensitive to changes in ecosystem structure and resilience. In the future, Zibo should strengthen ecological construction, optimize the industrial structure, and develop green economy to promote urban ecosystem healthy.

Who engages whom?—Deficit communication in participatory science governance as democratic deficit

Abstract This article builds on the evolving relationship between science and society, focusing on the increasing emphasis on public participation in science decision-making processes. Public participation in science is often regarded as an embodiment of democratic principles that grant citizens the opportunity to engage with and influence scientific and technological developments. However, deficit models of science communication in participatory governance may be turning into democratic deficits. This article critically examines the deficit model of science communication, highlighting its potential democratic deficit. Drawing on empirical evidence from two case studies in a rural, socio-economically underdeveloped region in Portugal, the authors analyse the dynamics between agency and structure in hierarchical decision-making structures and power relations. We recommend policy implications to enhance the democratic quality of participatory science governance processes, based on convergence of initiatives, transparency, and new prospects for science communication.

Phytochemical and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Oxytropis aciphylla

Background: The objective of this research is to explore the phytochemical constituents and the potential anti-inflammatory properties of the herb Oxytropis aciphylla. Methods: From the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions derived from the 70% ethanol extract of O. aciphylla, a total of 17 distinct chemical entities were extracted and subsequently identified. Utilizing network pharmacology, the study predicted the possible anti-inflammatory targets and mechanisms of action of O. aciphylla. The study assessed the anti-inflammatory impact of O. aciphylla extract on RAW 264.7 (a murine macrophage cell line) cells induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by quantifying the concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results: The isolated compounds included 12 flavonoids, two triterpenoids, one fatty acid, and two sterols. These specifically comprise apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, naringenin, eriodictyol, dihydrokaempferol, butein, 7,4’-homoisoflavanone, apigenin-7- O- β-D-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin-3- O- β-D-gentiobioside, rutin, azukisapogenol, 3- O-[ β-D-glucopyranosyl(1↓2)- β-D-glucuronopyranosyl] azukisapogenol methyl ester, tetracosanoic acid, daucosterol, and β-sitosterol. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that O. aciphylla may exert its anti-inflammatory effects through multiple components, targets, and pathways, such as kaempferol, apigenin, luteolin, AKT1, SRC, TNF, PTGS2, EGFR, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, VEGF, HIF-1, and TNF signaling pathways. The extract of O. aciphylla was found to markedly reduce the levels of NO, TNF- α, and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells that were stimulated with LPS, demonstrating a correlation with the dosage administered. Conclusion: The investigation uncovered, for the first time, the phytochemical constituents and the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of O. aciphylla. These findings lay the groundwork for the scientific development and application of this botanical species as a natural remedy for inflammation.

Future directions for early detection of fracture related infections

IntroductionFracture related infection (FRI) refers to pathogens infecting a fracture site and hence impeding fracture healing. It is a significant complication that carries substantial disease burden and socio-economic costs, but has had limited scientific development. Hence, this paper will review the existing strategies for early detection of FRI, in the form of serum markers, molecular diagnostics and imaging modalities, and further discuss potential future directions for improved detection of FRI. Existing Strategies for Diagnosis of FRIThe Anti-infection Global Expert Committee (AIGEC) developed a consensus definition for FRI in 2017, which includes confirmatory and suggestive criteria for diagnosis of FRI. Existing strategies for diagnosis include clinical, laboratory, histopathological, microbiological and radiological investigations. Future Directions for Early Detection of FRIWith increasing recognition of FRI, early detection is crucial for early treatment to be enforced. We have identified potential areas for future development in diagnostics for early detection of FRI, which are discussed in this manuscript. They include inflammatory cytokines, serum calcium levels, platelet count, improved management of histopathological and microbiological specimens, metagenomics, wound biomarkers, gut microbiota analysis, and novel imaging technologies.

A case study in developmental discontinuity: PROSPER Interventions and adolescent substance use trajectories shape young adult substance use and mental health problems.

The loss of John Schulenberg reverberates across the developmental and prevention sciences. In honor of his many contributions, this paper applies his ideas of developmental continuity and discontinuity to understand the process by which PROSPER delivered universal prevention programs (delivered in Grades 6 and 7) affect young adult outcomes. Guided by these developmental models, we deconstructed adolescent substance use initiation trajectories into two discrete phases-early and late adolescence, demarcated by substance use initiation levels at the end of 9th grade. We evaluated the effects of PROSPER interventions on these phases, and in turn, the effects of adolescent substance use initiation on young adult antisocial behavior, alcohol and drug use consequences, and depression symptoms. This sample included 1,984 young adults who participated in the PROSPER intervention trial in Grade 6 (two cohorts, 2002 and 2003), followed over 8 adolescent measurement occasions (Fall and Spring of Grade 6; Spring of Grades 7-12). Young adult outcomes were averaged across three waves (collected at ages 20, 23, and 25). PROSPER interventions were associated with reduced substance use initiation in early adolescence, but not escalation during late adolescence. In turn, substance use in both early and late adolescence was uniquely associated with young adult antisocial behavior, depression symptoms, and substance use consequences. PROSPER interventions were associated with young adult antisocial behavior and problematic substance use via reduced risk for early initiation status. Findings are discussed in terms of developmental continuity and discontinuity.

Electronic Dictionary System of Terminology for School Textbooks with Speech Synthesis Function

This research, funded under the BR11765535 “Development of Scientific and Linguistic Foundations and IT Resources to Expand the Functions and Improve the Culture of the Kazakh Language” project. The article introduces an electronic dictionary allowing users to look up definitions of terms found in school textbooks. The system accommodates the age characteristics of students, providing a voice-guided interface for primary school students. Users include administrators, specialists with database access, and general users. The article details the algorithm for creating terminology, the user interface, and functionalities for guests, experts, and administrators. The proposed system facilitates equal access to education and aligns with inclusive educational environments.