Scientific Classification Research Articles

Traditional Healthcare Practices Among The Tribals Of Katkona Village Of Korea District, Chhattisgarh

The following communication presents original insights obtained regarding 40 plant species utilized by the tribal community of Katkona village, Chhattisgarh, for addressing a spectrum of health ailments. These traditional medicines have been cultivated over generations, reflecting the indigenous knowledge and experience of the local populace. Through personal interviews and collection endeavors, substantial data on the medicinal properties of select flora, alongside their scientific classifications, botanical families, vernacular nomenclature, acquisition methods, and geographical habitats, have been meticulously documented. This comprehensive compilation delineates the therapeutic applications of these plants in mitigating diverse health conditions prevalent among the tribal inhabitants of Katkona village.

Classifications of personality trait lexemes (exemplified by the lexis of Russian and English)

The article introduces the concept of characterologism — a lexeme denoting a character trait in conjunction with the concept it expresses. Three groups of classifications of characterologisms are identified: ontological, linguoculturological and linguistic. The ontological group reflects the essence of characterological concepts/concepts and the meanings of corresponding lexemes. It includes a number of classifications, namely everyday and scientific classifications, as well as a classification of constant and situational characterological units. The linguoculturological group reflects the linguocultural aspects of characterologisms, the first classification includes cross-cultural universals and culturally determined characterological concepts, the second — characterologisms simple and complex in semantics. The linguistic group corresponds to various linguistic aspects of characterological vocabulary. It includes the following classifications of characterological units: synonymous/antonymic series in combination with etymological characteristics, semantic, stylistic, idiomatic, syntactic, morphological and word-building (morphemic) classifications.

Internal dynamics of patent reference networks using the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity measure

BackgroundPatents are indicators of technological developments. The science & technology categories, to which they are assigned to, form a directed, weighted network where the links are the references between patents belonging to the respective categories. This network can be conceived as a kind of intellectual ecology, lending itself to mathematical analyses analogous to those carried out in numerical ecology. The non-metric Bray–Curtis dissimilarity, commonly used in quantitative ecology, can be used to describe the internal dynamics of this network.ResultsWhile the degree-distribution of the network remained stable during the studied years, that of the sub-networks of with at least k links showed that k = 5 is a critical number of citations: this many are needed that the bias towards already highly cited works come into effect (preferential attachment). Using the dij Bay-Curtis dissimilarity between nodes i and j, a surprising pattern emerged: the log-probability of a change in dij during a quarter of year depended linearly, with a negative coefficient, on the magnitude of the change itself.ConclusionsThe developed methodology could be useful to detect emerging technological developments, to aid decisions, for example, on resource allocation. The pattern found on the internal dynamics of the system depends on the categorisation of the patents, therefore it can serve as an indicator when comparing different categorisation methods.Graphical

FEATURES, ATTRIBUTES AND CRITERIA OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL REGIMES (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)

In the context of the continual and sustainable development of social order and civil society, the comprehension of the features, signs, and criteria of a democratic political regime is transforming and necessitates reconsideration, rendering this work pertinent. The objective of this article is to delineate the substance of the array of features and characteristics inherent to a democratic political regime, contrasting them with those of an authoritarian and totalitarian political regime. Additionally, it aims to elucidate the criterion by which distinctions between various types of political regimes can be made. The present publication employs analytical, synthetic, scientific generalization, theoretical comparison, and formal logical methods. The article explicates the contentious nature of the concept of "political regime" and presents diverse scientific approaches to its comprehension. It posits that the criterion for categorizing political regimes into democratic, authoritarian, and totalitarian forms hinges on "the peculiarities of interaction between civil society and the State, the degree of permeation of private life of citizens, and various spheres of the social reality of State power." The author provides a comparative analysis not only of democratic political regimes but also of authoritarian and totalitarian ones. The author conducts a detailed examination of the content associated with political science categories such as "features," "signs," and "criteria" of a political regime. Furthermore, the author introduces a personalized understanding of these concepts and offers insights into the interrelations among the terms under consideration. The article delineates an approach wherein the fundamental classification of political regimes is proposed to be nuanced. According to the author, political regimes ought to be categorized into democratic and non-democratic, with the latter further subcategorized into authoritarian and totalitarian. The author delineates the conventional features of a democratic political regime from the perspective of political science and expounds upon additional features which, in the author's estimation, might signify the presence of a democratic political regime in a given state. The assertion is made that a direct correlation between the form of government and the political regime in the state does not exist, and illustrative examples supporting this perspective are provided.

Bibliometric Analysis of Articles on Methanol Poisoning in Web of Science Database

Aim: Methanol, which is a type of toxic alcohol, can cause poisoning through voluntary or involuntary exposure. It is known that the frequency of methanol poisoning has increased especially recently. The aim of this research is bibliometric analysis of scientific studies conducted on methanol poisoning in Web of Sciences (WoS) database. 
 Material and Method: Studies in Web of Science database including the words “methanol” or “methyl alcohol” in their title and the words “poisoning” or “poison” or “toxicity” or “toxic” or “overdose” as the topic were reviewed as of 21.08.2023. “Web of Science Categories”, “Web of Science Index” and “Document Types” categories were used as filtering options. Language of article, year of publication, the journal in which it was published, the publishing company to which the journal is affiliated, authors of the article, institutions of authors, the country where the research was conducted, whether financial support was received and citation status of the research were analysed and evaluated. 
 Results: A total of 548 articles were included in the research. It was found that language of most of the studies were English (n=536; 97.8%) and they were published in journals that were in Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) (n=451; 82.3%) indices. It was found that the highest number of articles were published in 2020 and the country in which the highest number of articles was published was the United States of America (n=143; 22.7%).
 Conclusion: The present research performs a bibliometric analysis of articles on methanol poisoning in WoS database. The data found in this research can be a valuable source for other researchers and a guide future studies.

Sequential sentence classification in research papers using cross-domain multi-task learning

The automatic semantic structuring of scientific text allows for more efficient reading of research articles and is an important indexing step for academic search engines. Sequential sentence classification is an essential structuring task and targets the categorisation of sentences based on their content and context. However, the potential of transfer learning for sentence classification across different scientific domains and text types, such as full papers and abstracts, has not yet been explored in prior work. In this paper, we present a systematic analysis of transfer learning for scientific sequential sentence classification. For this purpose, we derive seven research questions and present several contributions to address them: (1) We suggest a novel uniform deep learning architecture and multi-task learning for cross-domain sequential sentence classification in scientific text. (2) We tailor two transfer learning methods to deal with the given task, namely sequential transfer learning and multi-task learning. (3) We compare the results of the two best models using qualitative examples in a case study. (4) We provide an approach for the semi-automatic identification of semantically related classes across annotation schemes and analyse the results for four annotation schemes. The clusters and underlying semantic vectors are validated using k-means clustering. (5) Our comprehensive experimental results indicate that when using the proposed multi-task learning architecture, models trained on datasets from different scientific domains benefit from one another. Our approach significantly outperforms state of the art on full paper datasets while being on par for datasets consisting of abstracts.

The concept and classification of principles of constitutional-legal responsibility of subjects of the electoral process

In this scientific article, the concept and classification of the principles of constitutional-legal responsibility of subjects of the electoral process are examined and analyzed. It is established that elections are a phenomenon guided by central principles of democracy. They provide citizens with the opportunity to choose their representatives and determine the future of the country. However, to ensure the fairness and legality of the electoral process, it is essential to have an effective system of constitutional-legal responsibility for the subjects of the electoral process.
 Fundamental (basic) principles of constitutional-legal responsibility of subjects of the electoral process include legitimacy and legality, honesty and transparency, justice, accountability and punishment, independence of the electoral commission, freedom of speech and media independence, international observation, as well as the principle of popular sovereignty.
 It is emphasized that the principle of justice is fundamental to ensuring the democracy and legitimacy of the electoral process. It helps ensure that all participants have equal conditions for expressing their political preferences and freely expressing the will of the citizens through voting. Constitutional-legal responsibility also includes a prohibition of discrimination and ensuring equal opportunities for all subjects of the electoral process.
 Highlighting the principle of independence of the electoral commission, it is crucial for ensuring fairness and trust in the electoral process. The electoral administration should be entirely apolitical, meaning that electoral bodies and commissions should not be influenced by any political party or candidate. They should operate independently of political ambitions and interests, strictly adhering to the laws and constitutional norms of the country. Their actions and decisions should be based on the law rather than political or personal beliefs.
 In summary, the principles of constitutional-legal responsibility of subjects of the electoral process are guiding ideas and fundamental principles enshrined in the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, defining the content and essence of the constitutional-legal responsibility of participants in the electoral process, the peculiarities of the development of its normative-legal regulation, and the specifics of its application.

Tissue science and histology in the system of biomedical scientific and educational disciplines

In this article, the authors analyze the role and significance of histology in biomedical scientific and educational disciplines (history, present condition, and controversial issues). This study discusses the formation and development of histology—the science of tissues—and the emergence of notions about tissues and tissue classification. When describing the microscopic structure of plant organs in 1671, the English botanist and physician N. Grew (1641–1712) used the term “tissue” for the first time. In the mid-19th century, German histologists R.A. Kölliker (1817–1905) and F. Leydig (1821–1908) established the present scientific classification of tissues. These authors classified tissues into four main groups: epithelium, connective tissue and blood, nervous tissue, and muscle tissue. Russian scientists A.A. Zavarzin and N.G. Khlopin made significant contributions to developing tissue classification and evolution problems. It is worth noting that the term “tissue,” which was initially interpreted as purely morphological, has gained physiological content; that is, the idea of “tissue” has become a morphofunctional concept. The idea of tissue stability during the ontogenesis stages of organisms is one of the significant paradigms of histology. Fabric variability is allowed within certain limits within the tissue group to which the fabric belongs. There is no compelling evidence of tissue transition from one tissue group to another. The first histology departments appeared in European higher educational institutions in the middle of the 19th century and Russian higher educational institutions in the late 1960s. As a scientific discipline, histology has not exhausted its capabilities; therefore, excluding histology from the nomenclature of scientific specialization is incorrect.

Agriculture Named Entity Recognition—Towards FAIR, Reusable Scholarly Contributions in Agriculture

We introduce the Open Research Knowledge Graph Agriculture Named Entity Recognition (the ORKG Agri-NER) corpus and service for contribution-centric scientific entity extraction and classification. The ORKG Agri-NER corpus is a seminal benchmark for the evaluation of contribution-centric scientific entity extraction and classification in the agricultural domain. It comprises titles of scholarly papers that are available as Open Access articles on a major publishing platform. We describe the creation of this corpus and highlight the obtained findings in terms of the following features: (1) a generic conceptual formalism focused on capturing scientific entities in agriculture that reflect the direct contribution of a work; (2) a performance benchmark for named entity recognition of scientific entities in the agricultural domain by empirically evaluating various state-of-the-art sequence labeling neural architectures and transformer models; and (3) a delineated 3-step automatic entity resolution procedure for the resolution of the scientific entities to an authoritative ontology, specifically AGROVOC that is released in the Linked Open Vocabularies cloud. With this work we aim to provide a strong foundation for future work on the automatic discovery of scientific entities in the scholarly literature of the agricultural domain.

Криминалистическая характеристика судебного разбирательства как основа формирования методики судебного разбирательства по уголовным делам о взяточничестве

The author, based on a comprehensive analysis of the literature, comes to the conclusion about the active development of the doctrine of criminalistic characterization of crime in the direction of the development of ideas about the need to separate such scientific categories as criminalistic characterization of investigation and criminalistic characterization of trial. It is stated that the latter can be used as an informational basis for the formation of trial techniques, including in criminal cases of bribery. The authors' approaches to understanding the essence of the criminalistic characteristic of the trial are analyzed, on the basis of which a conclusion is made about its significant elements in relation to criminal cases of bribery.

Safety as a synthetic scientific category

This paper the main concepts (schools) of security presented in the literature were analyzed, and it is shown that within their framework a different understanding of the term “security” was formed. It is noted that the monoreference model of B. Buzen and the binary security system of the state and society of O. Waver are being replaced by an understanding of the triad of security organized from the state to the person through society. Thus, the rethought concept of security takes into account not only States and their respective relationships, but also the relationship between the individual, society and the State and their overlapping perceptions of threats, which have become diverse and multidirectional. The combination of these approaches enriches our understanding of security, leads to the conclusion that security is now a complex (synthetic) scientific category, which is the theoretical and methodological basis for cognition and identification of a number of generic concepts: “national”, “public”, “environmental” and other security. According to the position of the authors, it is necessary to conceptualize the concept of “security” and consider it as a system of rational management of fears and threats (through various measures specifically defined in regulatory legal acts for each sector and reference object, consistently implemented by state and non-state actors.

Parasites and Viruses in Callithrix in Brazil.

As a result of environmental imbalances of anthropogenic origin, the potential for transmission of parasites and viruses between different primates, including humans, might increase. Thus, parasitic studies have great relevance to primatology, which motivated us to conduct a literature review to synthesize the information available in American primates of the Callithrix genus. We carried out the bibliographic search on the main groups of parasites (protozoa, helminths, arthropods, ectoparasites) and viruses found in Callithrix in Brazil in search platforms and consider all manuscript that appeared in search engines, published between the years 1910 and December 2022. In each selected article, the following information was recorded: the host species; parasite taxa; scientific classification of the parasite; host habitat (free-living, captive); diagnostic technique; state; and bibliographic reference. Data were tabulated and arranged in a parasite-host table. Some endemic genera, such as Callithrix, are widely distributed geographically across Brazil and have characteristics of adaptation to different habitats due to their flexibility in diet and behavior. These factors can make them subject to a greater diversity of parasites and viruses in the country. Here, we identified 68 parasitic taxa, belonging to the clades protozoa (n = 22), helminths (n = 34), ectoparasites (n = 7), and viruses (n = 5). Out of this total, 19 have zoonotic potential. Of the six existing marmoset species, Callithrix jacchus was the most frequent in studies, and Callithrix flaviceps did not have reports. All regions of the country had occurrences, mainly the Southeast, where 54% of the cases were reported. In 46% of the reported parasites and viruses, it was not possible to identify the corresponding species. We conclude that in part of the works the identification methods are not being specific, which makes it difficult to identify the species that affects Callithrix spp. Furthermore, the studies present geographic disparities, being concentrated in the southeast of the country, making it impossible to have a more uniform analysis of the findings. Thus, it is observed that information about parasites and viruses is incipient in the genus Callithrix in Brazil.

THE INSIGHTS OF PUBLICATIONS IN THE FIELD OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)-BASED RISK MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC SECTOR: A BIBLIOMETRIC OVERVIEW

“Risk management” and “the public sector” are two critical issues that are of great importance both academically and practically today. In this context, this study aims to understand the development and trends of academic studies in the fields of risk management in the public sector. In this study, the bibliometric data gathered from Web of Science databases of 446 publications analyzed by bibliometric analyses techniques and mapping method. The first step of the research is to collect bibliometric data of research conducted in Web of Science databases using the keywords “Risk Management” and “Public Sector”. These data include publication years, document types, researcher profiles, Web of Science categories, Web of Science indexes, institutions, languages, countries/regions, publishers, research areas, funding institutions, sustainable development goals and keywords. Remarkable findings were reached regarding the basic information of the publications, citation analysis results, collaboration analysis results and advanced analysis results.

Социальное самоопределение и региональная самоидентификация студенческой молодежи Забайкальского края

The article deals with the problem of social self-determination of student youth and the influence on this process of regional identification caused by the entry of the TransBaikal Territory into the Far Eastern Federal District. The authors present the results and conclusions of a questionnaire survey of students of Trans-Baikal universities conducted within the framework of a large-scale sociological project “Social Self-Determination of Youth in the Formation of a New Regional Identity (Based on the Materials of the TransBaikal Territory and the Republic of Buryatia)”. The project is based on the idea of the interrelation between two scientific categories – “regional identity” and “social selfdetermination”. Moreover, regional identity is considered not only as a traditionally and historically grounded territorial and cultural identification, but as an artificially created geographical, economically conditioned territorial reality, which originates from November 4, 2018, when the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Republic of Buryatia were transferred from the Siberian Federal District to the Far Eastern Federal District by the Decree of President Vladimir Putin. The authors understand social self-determination as the inclusion of a person in all spheres of society, a person’s awareness and achievement of a stable position in the system of social relations. The components of social self-determination of student youth were identified: socio-professional self-determination, socio-political self-determination and socio-cultural self-determination within the framework of the studied missile defense. The analysis of the survey results allowed the authors to determine: (1) the most typical professional and motivational profiles and strategies of professional self-determination of Trans-Baikal students; (2) political orientations and attitudes of Trans-Baikal student youth in socio-political self-determination; (3) value orientations and life position in socio-cultural self-determination. The authors used the method of “layer proximity” identifying the level of regional identification of students of Trans-Baikal universities. The analysis of the identification profiles of the interviewed students showed that the new regional reality (I am a Far Easterner), artificially created for certain state purposes, has not yet entered the consciousness of the student youth and is not perceived by them as “close” and “native”. But in fact this is a strategic level of regional identity associated with the construction of a new regional image, the positioning of a new territorial entity, the invention of new territorial traditions and the formation of a new symbolic policy.

Turkish science high school students’ mental models of the electron cloud

This study focuses on examining the mental models of 11th and 12th-grade students attending a science high school in Turkey regarding the concept of the electron cloud. The study involved 72 students and employed the case study method. The precondition for selecting the sample was that the students had covered the unit on modern atomic theory in their chemistry classes. The concept of the electron cloud chosen for the study is integrated into the units of “Atom and Periodic System” and “Modern Atomic Theory.” To guide the research questions, the progression of the lessons and activities within the unit were observed in three-week intervals across different classes taught by the participating teacher. Research data were collected using a data collection tool consisting of 7 open-ended questions, considering the high school chemistry course objectives. The research questions were prepared in three categories: conceptual, relational, and visual. A rubric was developed for data analysis, and codes corresponding to levels of understanding were determined. At the end of the evaluation, three mental models were identified: the electron cloud model, the hybrid/synthesis electron cloud model, and the primitive model. For these models, eight mental model categories have been determined: fully scientific, partially scientific, conceptual, relational, conceptual–relational, conceptual-visual, relational-visual, and incompatible. At the conclusion of the study, only 5.56% of students provided answers at the scientific understanding level for all categories, placing them in the full scientific model category under the electron cloud model. 16.67% of students fell into the partial scientific model category, while 75.29% demonstrated a hybrid/synthesized electron cloud model. A small portion, 2.78%, adopted a primitive model.

Debating Veganism

The article aims to understand the controversial process of categorization at work in debates about the meaning of “veganism” by focusing on one of the key sites for building contemporary public knowledge: Wikipedia. First, we suggest how the contested definition of “veganism” is the result of the interweaving of two orders of frames which support and reinforce each other in the process of identity work underlying this particular social category. Particularly, we show how the framing of vegan identity as a food practice is, in fact, inseparable from its framing as a journalistic and scientific category in the media field. Second, drawing on the concept of “identity refusal”, we suggest how the particular categorization of veganism can be understood through the analysis of the argumentative procedures at work in debates about it focused on describing something that is not done.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ТУРИСТСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА РЕСПУБЛИКИ АЛТАЙ

The article is devoted to the study of the state, trends and prospects for the development of tourism activities in the Altai Republic. In the course of the study, the author compiled a general picture of the placement of tourist destinations in the Altai Mountains, analyzed the indicators of socio-economic development of the economy of the Altai Republic and the functioning of the regional tourist system. The scientific novelty of the study includes a refined definition of tourism potential as a scientific category in the concept of identification of endogenous and exogenous factors of tourist interest formation. The author also substantiates the scientific content, the mechanism of formation and the structural content of the tourist system of the region. As a result of the conducted research, the author identified the main directions for improving the use of the tourist potential of the Altai Republic and considered the possibilities of introducing new types of tourist products for the region: industrial and integrated tourism. The results of the conducted research can be applied both in the implementation of the strategy for the development of the tourism industry of the Altai Republic and other subjects of the Russian Federation focused on the intensification of the use of the existing tourist potential of their territory.

Reason for India Not Producing a Single Nobel Laureate in Science Category during the Past 93 Years – A Scientist’s Interpretation

Reason for India Not Producing a Single Nobel Laureate in Science Category during the Past 93 Years – A Scientist’s Interpretation

Систематизація та обґрунтування рекреаційних механізмів сміху в системі особистості

B a c k g r o u n d . A theoretical and methodological analysis of approaches to recreational laughter mechanisms is presented. Laughter is regarded as an individual psycho-physiological reaction to a certain unexpected situation that is formed based on emotionally colored personal senses and value ideas, shown in various expressions of joy. M e t h o d s . Given the multilevel phenomenon, the mechanisms of its influence on the individual are analyzed in the context of philosophical, theological, cultural, pedagogical, psychophysiological, and psychological (social) approaches. Theoretical research methods were used: analysis of scientific sources on the research topic, system analysis, synthesis, generalization of scientific approaches, classification and specification of laughter mechanisms in the personality system. R e s u l t s . In the context of the restorative mechanisms of laughter, its connection with direct play and joy arising in the process and accompanied by release, relief, satisfaction, and relaxation, helping to go beyond the ordinary, is considered. It has been revealed that laughter is also one of the ways for the soul to realize and liberate itself through release from fears and mental tension. It has also been proven that laughter serves as a certain stimulator of brain activity, activates imagination and fantasy, that is, promotes creativity. It is substantiated that laughter is a necessary element of stress relief, has a restorative and regenerative effect on the physical and psycho-emotional state, acts on the physiological and hormonal levels, activates the frontal, motor lobes, brain stem and cortex, hippocampus, thalamus and limbic system. It is argued that during laughter a spastic effect is realized, it affects the regulation of breathing, unites the physical and mental principle. C o n c l u s i o n s . It was determined that laughter, as an important personal resource of interaction with other people, plays a special role in the prevention and correction of unwanted stress states of the individual. It has been found that it greatly helps a person to adapt to various unexpected situations, because laughter unites people, helps to free oneself from the influence of fears, anxieties and doubts and allows to manifest the true qualities laid down from birth, such as love, clarity of perception, compassion, joy, enthusiasm, gratitude and wisdom. Laughter can help you make good decisions and show kindness in your actions.

Issues of scientific research and classification ethnic dances

Issues of scientific research and classification ethnic dances