Scientific Resources Research Articles

Place and role of science-intensive business segments in vertically integrated oil and gas companies

Oil and gas industry development is influenced by global trends, which are mostly negative and restrictive in nature. Improvement and applied use of scientific resources are some of the key factors that allow us to respond to the challenges. The relevance of knowledge-intensive business segment development is noted by the industry expert community. The current versions of the Energy Strategy and the Strategy for Scientific and Technical Development of Fuel and Energy Sector Industries include tasks of developing import-substituting technologies and equipment, conducting R&D for this purpose, and improving scientific competencies. These tasks are translated into the strategies of individual vertically integrated oil and gas companies, and, therefore, there is a need to analyze the place and role of knowledge-intensive business segment of such companies in order to assess its ability to ensure their strategic sustainable development. According to the analysis results, importance of knowledge-intensive business segment for strategic sustainable development of oil and gas companies has been confirmed. The need to actualize the tools and methods of strategic planning for knowledge-intensive segments development in order to align activity to create scientific results with formalized goals and challenges of company development has been identified.

Dentoalveolar anomalies and modern views on the mechanisms of local stress-modeling effect of orthodontic appliances on the periodontal tissues (a literature review)

The aim of the study was to highlight the results of modern scientific developments in tracing the mechanisms of local stress-modeling effect of orthodontic appliances on the oral cavity and periodontal tissues during the active period of orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods. The research methodology was implemented in the collection and analysis of scientific results on the stress-modeling effect of orthodontic appliances in patients with dentoalveolar anomalies obtained from the processed sources – published full-text articles of original and fundamental research by national and foreign authors based on the evidential databases MEDLINE / PubMed, PMC, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and other scientific and practical resources. Results. The main components of the stress-modeling effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on the oral cavity, and particularly on the periodontal tissues, were analyzed. The proportion of various complications is quite high and ranges from 32.7 % to 50.0 % of all cases. The development of oxidative stress during orthodontic treatment is potentiated by microcirculatory disorders and hypoxia of the periodontal tissues. The peculiarities of the periodontal cellular complex reaction, which has the ability to bear stress generated in the actin cytoskeleton by direct mechanical stimulation, to extracellular matrix proteins, affecting the three-dimensional organization of the extracellular matrix and its remodeling, have been traced. The role of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant system and enzymatic reaction of oral and crevicular fluids was also defined. Conclusions. The development of oxidative stress during orthodontic treatment can be caused by local and systemic exposure to metals, corrosion processes in particular; by inflammation of periodontal tissues due to poor oral hygiene and activation of periodontal pathogenic microflora; by aseptic inflammation in the periodontal ligament due to the use of mechanical force. Certain enzymes of the oral fluid, in particular lactate dehydrogenase, can act as a sensitive marker of changes in the periodontal ligament metabolism during orthodontic teeth movement. The localization and nature of free radical pathology are largely caused by the nature of an exogenous inducer of lipid peroxidation and the genotypic characteristics of antioxidant system. It is this ratio that determines the initiation and further chain branching of free radical reactions. Without normalization of all pathogenetic links, successful treatment of inflammatory and dystrophic-inflammatory diseases of the periodontal tissues, in particular in orthodontic patients, is impossible.

Specifics of Russian Students’ Interaction with Scientific Resources: Survey Results

Specifics of Russian Students’ Interaction with Scientific Resources: Survey Results

Ontology engineering of automatic text processing methods

<span lang="EN-US">Currently, ontologies are recognized as the most effective means of formalizing and systematizing knowledge and data in scientific subject area (SSA). Practice has shown that using ontology design patterns is effective in developing the ontology of scientific subject areas. This is due to the fact that scientific subject areas ontology, as a rule, contains a large number of typical fragments that are well described by patterns of ontology design. In the paper, we present an approach to ontology engineering of automatic text processing methods based on ontology design patterns. In order to get an ontology that would describe automatic text processing sufficiently fully, it is required to process a large number of scientific publications and information resources containing information from modeling area. It is possible to facilitate and speed up the process of updating ontology with information from such sources by using lexical and syntactic patterns of ontology design. Our ontology of automatic text processing will become the conceptual basis of an intelligent information resource on modern methods of automatic text processing, which will provide systematization of all information on these methods, its integration into a single information space, convenient navigation through it, as well as meaningful access to it.</span>

GEOPOLITICAL VIEWS AND GEO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS ON THE GERMAN STRATEGY AND EU WIDER FRAMEWORK RELATIONS WITH CHINA

On July 13, 2023, the German Government has released the first national strategy related to approaching China in international relations, including from a geo-economic perspective. The text of the German strategy is of significant importance for other EU member states and the EU authorities, as it encloses aspects pertaining to the industrial policy and cyber-security, serving nonetheless as a use-case and / or a model for developing a coherent approach to China, including the perspective of economic diplomacy in the larger context of policy dialogues with China. From a diplomatic stance, China has anchored international relations in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, some of which being EU members – in 2012, China forged partnerships via the “16+1” Cooperation, later extended after the Dubrovnik Summit to “17+1” by the adhesion of Greece. China looks to consolidate bilateral relations in Europe via a multi-level approach and sectorial-specific coordination (to include trade, energy, financial technologies, forestry, maritime services, etc) and the German strategy complements the projected EU-China comprehensive strategic partnership, rather than to be an alternative to it. In this context, the paper explores the implications of the German strategy towards China from the European viewpoint and analyses its value-added potential to supporting the wider angle of EU international relations towards China. The research hypothesis is that in the current international geopolitical context related to China, the German strategy enhances at the national level the guiding principles of EU approach to managing the relations with China and adds value to EU economic diplomacy instead of duplicating it. The research methodology is focused on a qualitative analysis of documented authentic scientific public resources and synthesis of key aspects from a geopolitical and geo-economical wide angle of Sino-European relations. The conclusions draw on the fact that China acts as an international challenger, on a path to consolidate its international role and the EU and the German strategies towards China support the mitigation of exposures to economic dependencies by de-risking linkages rather than economic de-coupling from “a partner, a competitor and a systemic rival” at the same time, as designated by EU.

The Interaction Effect Between PGPR Bacteria, Mycorrhizae, and Oyster Mushroom Residues on Soil Biological Traits, Yield, and Quantity of Coriander Oil (Coriandrum sativum L.)

A factorial experiment was carried out in a sandy mixture soil using a completely randomized design (CRD) in the field of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, in the agricultural season 2022-2023, in order to study the effect of adding Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Mycorrhizae, and oyster mushroom residues in improving soil biological characteristics, quantity, and yield of aromatic oil of the medicinal coriander plant. The treatment of a mixture of bacteria and fungus residues with the presence of mycorrhizae achieved the highest amounts in oil yield, total yield, biomass carbon, numbers of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas bacteria, and the percentage of mycorrhizae infection, which recorded (153 L.ha-1, 632.50 kg.ha-1, 222.65 mg C kg soil-1, 15.66 * 107 CFU g-1 dry soil, 30.00 * 107 CFU g-1 dry soil, and 90.66%), respectively, compared to the comparison treatment, which recorded (13.65 L.ha-1, 270.50 kg.ha-1, 133.33 mg C kg.soil-1, 2.33 * 107 CFU g-1 dry soil, 10.00 *107 CFU g-1 dry soil, and 17.33%), respectively, and the treatment of fertilizer recommendation, which recorded (47.22 L.ha-1, 540.00 kg.ha-1, 150.75 mg C kg.soil-1, 5.00 * 107 CFU g-1 dry soil, 14.66 *107 CFU g-1 dry soil, and 26.66%), respectively.

Effect of the Substrate and Inoculation of Phosphate-Dissolving Bacterial and Fungal with Humic Acids in the Activity of the Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme in Cadmium-Contaminated Soil

A laboratory experiment was carried out in the laboratories of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, to identify the role of the bacteria Bacillus subtilis and the fungus Aspergillus niger, with humic acids extracted from fermented cow dung, the effectiveness of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme in soil contaminated with cadmium and compare it with uncontaminated soil. The soil was treated with a cadmium sulfate solution up to the critical limit (3 mg Cd L-1) and humic and fulvic acid were added at a level of 50 L ha-1 separately, leaving the treatment without addition for control. Then the soil was inoculated with bacterial B. subtilis and fungal A. niger isolates individually and with a mixture of isolates, leaving a treatment without inoculation for control, the treatments were incubated at a temperature of 28±2 °C. Different levels of substrate concentration were used (0.010, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 M). The results showed that cadmium contamination decreased alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity by 12.28%. There was also an increase in the activity of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme at all inoculation treatments compared to the control treatment, with the bio-mixture treatment being superior to the rest of the treatments, reaching 436.944 µg P. nitrophenol gm-1 soil 1 hour-1 in uncontaminated soil and 402.558 µg P. nitrophenol gm-1 soil 1 hour-1 in cadmium contaminated soil. The humic acid treatment showed a similar increase in the activity of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme compared to the control treatment the highest increase was in the fulvic acid treatment. As for the effect of the substrate, the concentration of 0.075 M recorded the highest increase in alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity in unpolluted and cadmium-polluted soil for all treatments.

The Effect of the Interaction Between PGPR Bacteria, Mycorrhizae, and Oyster Mushroom Residues on the Proportions of Active Ingredients in Coriander Plant Oil (Coriandrum sativum L.) using the Technique of GC/MS-QP2010 Plus

A factorial experiment was carried out in a sandy mixture soil using a completely randomized design (CRD) in the field of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, in the agricultural season 2022-2023 in order to study the effect of adding Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Mycorrhizae, and oyster mushroom residues in proportions of the active ingredients of the medicinal coriander plant oil. The results showed a difference in the number and proportions of the active compounds according to the different treatments of the experiment. Where the treatments of comparison and fertilizer recommendation achieved a decrease in the number of oil-forming active compounds, all treatments were superior by giving the highest number of oil compounds and their proportions compared to the comparison and fertilizer recommendation. The treatment of the bacterial mixture and oyster mushroom residues with mycorrhizae recorded the highest number of components, reaching 171 compounds, with an increase in the proportions of all compounds. The compound 9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, recorded the highest percentage, which amounted to 20.71%, followed by the compound (E)-9-Octadecenoic acid ethyl ester with a percentage of 16.69%, compared to the comparison and fertilizer recommendation treatments, which recorded (13.33, 14.33%), respectively, and the percentage of Linalool was 2.30% compared to the comparison and fertilizer recommendation treatments, which gave (2.13, 0.95%), respectively.

Effect of Zeolite and Silica Gel in Regulating the Water Requirement of Cabbage and Their Effect on some Physical Properties of the Soil

A field experiment was conducted at the research station of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, which is 66 km east of city of Baghdad during the fall agricultural season for the year 2021. It is located at latitude 10.679" 33° 41′ north, longitude 36.569" 35′ 43° east and at an altitude of 43 m. Above sea level. The study aimed at the effect of zeolite and silica gel in regulating the water requirement of the cabbage and some physical soil characteristics and the growth and yield of the cabbage. The experiment was designed according to the distribution of split-split boards in a completely randomized block system (R C B D) with three replications. The experiment included three factors, The first to occupy the main panels is zeolite ((Z) with three levels (without adding zeolite Z0, adding 25 g to each plant Z1, adding 50 g to each plant Z2), and the second agent is silica gel (S) with three levels (without adding silica S0, adding 10 g For each plant S1, add 20 gm of the plant S2), and the third factor is the water requirement of the plant in two levels (adding the full amount of 100% of the water requirement for the plant W1, adding 50% of the water requirement for the cabbage plant W2). The dimensions of the experimental unit are 1.5 × 4 m, with an area of (6 square meters) for one experimental unit. The most important results obtained can be summarized as follows: The treatment W1Z2S3 recorded the highest value for the total porosity of the soil and the average weighted diameter and the lowest for the bulk density and soil resistance to penetration, and the values were 57.98%, 1.710 mm, 1.113 μg m-3, 0.900 kg cm-2, respectively, while the treatment W1Z0S0 recorded the highest value for the bulk density, which amounted to 1.380 Mgm-3, as for the soil penetration resistance, it reached its maximum in treatment W2Z0S0 and was 4.166 kg cm-2.

The Role of Biochar and Perlite in Improving some Chemical Properties of Clay Loam Soil and Sandy Loam Soil

A laboratory experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources / College of Agriculture - the University of Diyala, where the experimental factors were the soil type factor (clay loam and sandy loam) and the soil conditioners agent by adding biochar at the level of 1 and 2% and symbolized by B1 and B2 and perlite at the level of 1 and 2% and symbol It has P1 and P2, and it was added according to the soil dry weight, with three replications, CRD design, and plastic tubes were used to incubate the treatments for 14 weeks. The results showed an increase in the electrical conductivity in the two soils when using the two percentages of biochar in the two soils, while the electrical conductivity values decreased with the use of the two percentages of perlite in the two soils. Less, and the two biochar treatments increased the organic matter values in the two soils, while the organic matter values decreased in the two soils when using the two percentages of perlite. The values of nitrogen extracted from the soil, as well as the case with the use of two percentages of perlite in the two soils. Higher with the use of two percentages of biochar in the two soils.

Rationalization of the Water Requirement of the Cabbage Crop by Using Zeolite and Silica Gel and Their Effect on some Water Parameters of the Leaves of the Cabbage Crop

A field experiment was conducted at the research station of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, which is 66 km east of the city of Baghdad during the fall agricultural season for the year 2021. It is located at latitude 10.679" 33° 41′ north, longitude 36.569" 35′ 43° east and at an altitude of 43 m above. Sea level The study aimed at the effect of zeolite and silica gel in rationing the water requirement of the cabbage and some of the physical soil characteristics and the growth and yield of the cabbage plant. The experiment was designed according to the distribution of split-split boards in a completely randomized block system (R C B D) with three replications. The experiment included three factors, the first Which occupied the main panels is zeolite ((Z) with three levels (without adding zeolite Z0, adding 25 g to each plant Z1, adding 50 g to each plant Z2), and the second factor is silica gel (S) and with three levels (without adding silica S0, adding 10 g to each plant S1, adding 20 gm plant S2), and the third factor is the water requirement of the plant in two levels (adding the full amount of 100% of the water requirement for the plant W1, adding 50% of the water requirement for the cabbage plant W2). The dimensions of the experimental unit are 1.5 × 4 m, with an area of (6 m2) for one experimental unit. The most important results obtained can be summarized as follows: The highest value of relative water content % and the ability to bind water % and the ability to absorb water in treatment W1Z2S2 reached 87.96%, 10.733%, 6.123%, respectively. The lowest value of relative saturation deficit in treatment W1Z2S2 was 12.03%.. The interaction treatment between water requirement, zeolite and silica gel recorded a significant effect when treating W2Z2S2 in the ability to absorb water, as it recorded the highest value of 79.29% compared to the treatment W1Z0S0, which had the lowest value of 23.39%.

Evaluation of Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium manausense and Bradyrhizobium venae on the Elemental content of Cowpea Plant in Gypsum Soil

A field experiment was conducted during the spring season on 3/25/2022 in the fields of the University of Tikrit / College of Agriculture located in the research station of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, with the aim of studying the effect of inoculation with Rhizobia bacteria and nitrogen fertilization on the growth and yield of cowpea in gypsum soil, conducted in a randomized complete block design. R. C. B. D With three replications, the experiment included two main factors: inoculation with rhizobium bacteria, and the second factor was nitrogen fertilization. The inoculation factor was three levels (A0 = no inoculation, A1 = inoculation with the first strain, Bradyrhizobium manausense, and A2 = inoculation with the second strain, Bradyrhizobium vignae), and the second factor was nitrogen fertilization. At three levels N0 and N1 = 40 kg / ha and N2 = 80 kg / ha, the process of isolation and development of Rhizobium bacteria was conducted on the optional medium (YEMA), and the two isolates were identified and recorded in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) by number Global OP740389 Bradyrhizobium vignae, as for the results of the field experiment, the inoculation treatment with root nodes bacteria Bradyrhizobium vignae was superior to the control treatment and even to the second strain Bradyrhizobium manausense in all studied traits of cowpea plant, and the percentage increase of the inoculation treatment with Bradyrhizobium vignae with 40 kg of nitrogen fertilizer was higher than The control treatment in the number of root nodes and their wet weight (1474.87, 267.101)%, respectively, and the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the vegetative part (61.300, 1.600, 7.102)%, respectively.

Evaluation of Inoculation with Two Strains of Rhizobium Bacteria on some Growth and Yield Traits of Cowpea Plant in Gypsiferous Soil

A field experiment was conducted during the spring season on 3/25/2022 in the fields of Tikrit University / College of Agriculture located in the research station of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, with the aim of studying the effect of inoculation with Rhizobia bacteria and nitrogen fertilization on the growth and yield of cowpea in gypsiferous soil. It was conducted with a completely random block design R. C. B. D With three replicates, the experiment included two main factors: inoculation with rhizobium bacteria, and the second factor was nitrogen fertilization. The inoculation factor was three levels (A0 = non inoculation, A1 = inoculation with the first strain, Bradyrhizobium manausense, and A2 = inoculation with the second strain, Bradyrhizobium vignae), and the second factor was nitrogen fertilization. With three levels N0 and N1 = 40 kg / ha and N2 = 80 kg / ha, the results showed the excelled of the inoculation treatment with root nodules Bradyrhizobium vignae on the control treatment and even the second strain Bradyrhizobium manausense in all studied traits of cowpea plant, and the percentage increase of the inoculation treatment was Bradyrhizobium vignae with 40 kg nitrogen fertilizer over the comparison treatment in the number of root nodes and their wet weight (1474.87, 267.101)%, while the dry weight of the root and vegetative total, plant length and roots, the increase was (44.347, 79.283, 12.771, 21.233)%, respectively, and the number of pods of the early yield And the total (120.925, 4.303)%, and the plant yield of straw (46.054), respectively.

Хабитуализация научного просвещения

The article discusses the features and results of the habitualization of scientific enlightenment. It is shown that such habitualization helps to overcome a number of obstacles that arise during the popularization of science, both on the part of scientists and on the part of the public. The application of P. Bourdieu's approach allows us to explain that, thanks to the cognitive and motivating structures formed during habitualization, members of the public can recognize high-quality popular science information and discover and use the opportunities associated with it. The habitualization of scientific enlightenment contributes to the emergence and development of a predisposition to perceive such information in various formats, which is associated with the need to change the attitude of the public both to science and to the methods of transmitting scientific knowledge to non-specialists. Based on habitus, patterns of perception, understanding, and evaluation that arise in the process of habitualization of scientific enlightenment, the scientific picture of the world is legitimized, which makes the scientific view of the world familiar and increases the access of subsequent generations to scientific resources. Habitualization leads to an increase in interest in the scientific explanation of reality on the part of ordinary people, the exchange of knowledge between scientists and the general public, and the latter's involvement in solving scientific problems. It is noted that habitualization creates a predisposition among scientists to participate in the popularization of science. Their involvement in scientific enlightenment is due to overcoming such barriers as reluctance to be distracted from scientific research, fears regarding misinterpretation or distortion of scientific ideas, difficulties in presenting scientific knowledge in a publicly accessible form, etc. It is emphasized that the habitualization of scientific enlightenment ensures integrity, stability, and orderliness of activities in the field of popularization of science, reduces the degree of conflict in the interaction of individuals with different social status, life experience, and basic training, and promotes the assimilation of the achievements of modern science through institutes of scientific enlightenment, allowing for the use of cognitive potential and the development of effective strategies for translating scientific knowledge.

Streamlining and standardizing logistical, administrative, and regulatory workflows for sharing data from AD trials

AbstractFailure to share data successfully and quickly results in the waste of scientific resources as experiments are erroneously repeated or future resources are misallocated. Successful data sharing maximizes prior public and private investment of time, personal and cost in AD trials. To date, training resources regarding general regulatory requirements for managing data are widely available, however trainings addressing common logistical and administrative decision‐making and providing administrative strategies in the context of data sharing by AD trial teams and sponsoring partners are rare or too rigid to be broadly applicable. A widely available and well‐known training and education resource will provide a coherent systematic approach for multi‐stakeholder research projects that intend to share data publicly. Such projects are at increased risk of delay or mismanagement and a cohesive effort to generate flexible, streamlined modules offering repeatable solutions for multi‐stakeholder AD research data sharing would benefit the research team as well as the requesting investigators. AD research staff should rapidly develop familiarity and a common understanding of the practices and policies of data sharing so that this aspect of research similarly streamlined to other research practices such as informed consent, data privacy, etc. Attendees will participate in a discussion establish a priori principles for charting a course for establishing broad competence in data sharing by combining principles of scientific rigor with a synthesis of best practices for logistical, scientific, and regulatory workflows.

Abstracts from the 132nd Meeting of the Tennessee Academy of Science November 18, 2022

Jennifer Cartwright is the Science Coordinator for the Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center (CASC). She is an ecologist with a background in GIS and hydrology and a focus on supporting effective natural-resource management. Her research has concerned climate-change impacts on a variety of terrestrial, wetland, and freshwater ecosystems across North America. Jen has overseen studies of forest drought impacts on local-to-regional scales, modeling of wetland ecohydrology leveraging remote sensing and field observations, identification of refugia from climate change, and assessments of climate impacts to at-risk ecosystems and species. She has been affiliated with the USGS Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center since 2009 and received her Ph.D. in Biology from Tennessee State University in 2014. Climate Change Impacts Across Tennessee The state of Tennessee encompasses many landscapes and ecosystems, from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River. Climate change and other global-change processes are likely to impact a variety of natural resources and human communities throughout the state. This keynote address will offer a virtual “tour” of the state, touching on potential climate impacts to terrestrial ecosystems such as forests and grasslands, as well as freshwater systems such as streams, reservoirs, and wetlands, plus potential impacts to agriculture and cities. Increasingly, scientific information is becoming available to help anticipate climate-change influences on a variety of processes, including drought patterns, fire regimes, geographic ranges and seasonal timing for native species, hydrologic patterns, water quality and temperature, invasive species, and pest and pathogen dynamics. This keynote address will highlight some of these scientific resources to help researchers, natural-resource managers, and Tennessee residents better anticipate and prepare for climate impacts over the years ahead.

Vascular, Imaging and Cognition Association of China (VICA) Study: Rationale and Design

AbstractBackgroundChina has the highest number of patients with dementia in the world, and about 15‐30% of these cases are caused by vascular disease. Currently, the pathophysiological mechanism that cause vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, early diagnosis and prognostic indicators of VCI are critically important for managing its onset and development To this end, several Chinese institutions have joined forces to establish “Vascular, Imaging and Cognition Association of China” (VICA) (Figure 1). The objective of VICA is to identify new targets for intervention and prompting intelligent graded and stratified treatment.MethodVICA is the first large‐scale multi‐center VCI consortium in China. It consists of seven advanced centers and over two hundred primary hospitals across the country. Included VICA are three different populations at risk for VCI: (a) high vascular risk factors for dementia, (b) cerebral small vessel disease, and (c) acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks (TIA).ResultAll individuals will be enrolled and monitored for at least 1 year using serial neuropsychological assessment, neuroimaging and collection of multi‐omics data from biospecimens (e.g., blood, urine, feces). In addition, a small sample of patients will undergo PET scans to determine whether neurodegenerative pathology (such as amyloid or tau accumulation) contributes to the course of vascular dementia. The enrollment procedure of patients with stroke or TIA is shown in Figure 2.ConclusionThe overall scientific aim of VICA is to guide early clinical diagnosis and early intervention of VCI based on the integration of multiple vascular risk factors, neuroimaging features and biomarkers. VICA represents a unique scientific resource that will help better understand the dynamics of cognitive change in different populations and identify new potential therapeutic targets for this condition.

Метадані наукових документів як складова системи інформаційних ресурсів «відкритої науки»

Open science is a movement that aims to make research results more accessible, including code, data, and scientific papers. It covers many different but often related aspects affecting the entire research life cycle, including open access to publications, open data of research, open source software, open workflows, public science, open educational resources and alternative methods of the research evaluation, including open peer review, expert reviews, etc. The key to effective application and integration of open science resources is their structured description based on the principles of completeness and necessity of meta-information, ease of use and interoperability. The units of such description are metadata. In fact, the quality of open resources begins with the quality of its metadata. This study does not cover the entire wide spectrum of open science resources. Its purposes are to define the system of characteristics that describe general and specific features of various types of scientific documents as a significant part of scientific knowledge of Open Science. To achieve the goal of the research it is defined a taxonomy of resources of open scientific documents and proposes an integrated system of their metadata. Proposed system of metadata is based on several classifier sets. It includes three major groups: internal characteristics – description of explicit features of the object of open knowledge (for example, the size or the type of the file), administrative characteristics – information about the object (authors, executers, etc.) and descriptive characteristics - information about the object’s content, its special features, links to other objects related to this. The metadata system is built based on the analysis of the existing metadata schemas and standards, search engines and digital libraries, and it takes into account similarity and specificity of each type of open documents.

大数据背景下西部地区高校科技创新效率提升研究

With the advent of the big data era, data has become an important resource to promote social progress and development. The western region has rich scientific and technological resources and educational resources, but compared with the eastern region, there is still a certain gap in its scientific and technological innovation ability and efficiency. By establishing the evaluation index system of the efficiency of science and technology innovation in universities under the background of big data, this paper analyzes the problems of improving the efficiency of science and technology innovation in western China, and puts forward the strategy of improving the efficiency of science and technology innovation in western China based on the innovation ecological mechanism. The research shows that the evaluation of scientific and technological innovation efficiency in universities in western China focuses on input and output indicators, and the establishment of an innovation ecological mechanism with internal improvement, external support, collaborative quality improvement and cooperative interconnection will promote the improvement of the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation. The research results provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the improvement of scientific and technological innovation efficiency in universities in western China.

Navigating the Complex Landscape of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: From Current Paradigms to Therapeutic Frontiers.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an enigmatic, ultra-rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification, wherein soft connective tissues undergo pathological transformation into bone structures. This incapacitating process severely limits patient mobility and poses formidable challenges for therapeutic intervention. Predominantly caused by missense mutations in the ACVR1 gene, this disorder has hitherto defied comprehensive mechanistic understanding and effective treatment paradigms. This write-up offers a comprehensive overview of the contemporary understanding of FOP's complex pathobiology, underscored by advances in molecular genetics and proteomic studies. We delve into targeted therapy, spanning genetic therapeutics, enzymatic and transcriptional modulation, stem cell therapies, and innovative immunotherapies. We also highlight the intricate complexities surrounding clinical trial design for ultra-rare disorders like FOP, addressing fundamental statistical limitations, ethical conundrums, and methodological advancements essential for the success of interventional studies. We advocate for the adoption of a multi-disciplinary approach that converges bench-to-bedside research, clinical expertise, and ethical considerations to tackle the challenges of ultra-rare diseases like FOP and comparable ultra-rare diseases. In essence, this manuscript serves a dual purpose: as a definitive scientific resource for ongoing and future FOP research and a call to action for innovative solutions to address methodological and ethical challenges that impede progress in the broader field of medical research into ultra-rare conditions.