Nanotechnology Science Research Articles

Cutting edge technology for wastewater treatment using smart nanomaterials: recent trends and futuristic advancements.

Water is a vital component of our existence. Many human activities, such as improper waste disposal from households, industries, hospitals, and synthetic processes, are major contributors to the contamination of water streams. It is the responsibility of every individual to safeguard water resources and reduce pollution. Among the various available wastewater treatment (WWT) methods, smart nanomaterials stand out for their effectiveness in pollutant removal through absorption and adsorption. This paper examines the application of valuable smart nanomaterials in treating wastewater. Various nanomaterials, including cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), nanoadsorbents, nanometals, nanofilters, nanocatalysts, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanosilver, nanotitanium dioxide, magnetic nanoparticles, nanozero-valent metallic nanoparticles, nanocomposites, nanofibers, and quantum dots, are identified as promising candidates for WWT. These smart nanomaterials efficiently eliminate toxic substances, microplastics, nanoplastics, and polythene particulates from wastewater. Additionally, the paper discusses comparative studies on the purification efficiency of nanoscience technology versus conventional methods.

Medical Communication Systems Utilizing Optical Nanoantenna and Microstrip Technology

Many technical approaches were implemented in the antenna manufacturing process to maintain the desired miniaturization of the size of the antenna model which can be employed in various applied systems such as medical communication systems. Furthermore, over the past several years, nanotechnology science has rapidly grown in a wide variety of applications, which has given rise to novel ideas in the design of antennas based on nanoscale merits, leading to the use of antennae as an essential linkage between the human body and the different apparatus of the medical communication system. Some medical applications dealt with different antenna configurations, such as microstrip patch antenna or optical nanoantenna in conjugate with sensing elements, controlling units, and monitoring instruments to maintain a specified healthcare system. This study summarizes and presents a brief review of the recent applications of antennas in different medical communication systems involving highlights, and drawbacks with explores recommended issues related to using antennas in medical treatment.

Chemical reaction driven self-assembly of a nucleobase functionalized molecule

Molecular self-assembly is an important aspect in the nano technology and nano science which is exploited to produce complex supramolecular nanoarchitectures. Different strategies are used to achieve the molecular self-assembly in the laboratory. Here, the methylation reaction is used to induce the supramolecular order in the synthesized guanine functionalized molecules. Methylation is an important biological process which is used for DNA methylation. The methylation reaction driven formation of higher order self-assembly is discussed. The formation of the activated building blocks is studied using high-performance liquid chromatography. The N7 methylation is observed majorly. The pH of the medium is decreased with the progress of the reaction. The progress of self-assembly upon the addition of dimethyl sulphate is monitored by fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and turbidity experiments. Additionally, Thioflavin T dye binding, wide-angle powder X-ray diffraction, circular dichroism spectroscopy experiments are performed to establish the formation of the chemical reaction driven self-assembled hydrogel. The formation of the nanofiber inside the hydrogel is confirmed by performing various microscopic experiments.

Impacts of Temperature Dependent Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity on Slipped Flow of Maxwell Nanofluid

The mathematical model to inspect the effects of changeable thermo-physical properties such as thermal conduction, slip effects and viscosity on Maxwellian nanofluid is proposed. The thermal conductivity increases rapidly due to presence of nanoparticles such as metals, carbides, oxides etc. in base fluid. The flow occurs from the stagnated point pass a stretched sheet with slipped conditions. The characteristics of the Brownian motion as well as the thermophoresis processes are also taken into consideration. By means of similarity transformations, the ODEs are reduced from the equations influencing the fluid flow. A built-in solver of MATLAB namely bvp4c which is a collocation formula implementing the Lobatto IIIa finite differences numerical method is applied to solve these transformed equations numerically. The graphs of the numerical outcomes representing impacts of variations in different parameters on the fluid movement, transfer of heat along with mass are analyzed. This investigation leads to an important aspect that as the thermal conductivity in the flow is intensified, the temperature of the fluid reduces with high aggregation of the nanoparticles near the sheet’s surface. Also, the rates of heat and mass transferral depletes due to the relaxation of Maxwellian fluid. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the present numerical computations is determined by carrying out comparisons of heat and mass transferred rates against the previous analytical results for several values of thermophoresis and Prandtl parameters. The effectiveness of its outcomes can be applied in nanoscience technology and polymeric industries for their developments.

Strategies for Enhancing Extracellular Electron Transfer in Environmental Biotechnology: A Review

Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is a biological mechanism that plays a crucial role in various bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) and has substantial implications for renewable energy production. By utilizing the metabolic capacities of exoelectrogens, BESs offer a viable and environmentally friendly approach to electricity generation and chemical production; however, the diminished effectiveness of EET remains a hindrance to their optimal application in practical contexts. This paper examines the various strategies that have the potential to be employed to enhance the efficiency of EET systems and explores the potential for the integration of BESs technology with contemporary technologies, resulting in the development of an enhanced and sustainable system. It also examines how quorum sensing, electrode modifications, electron shuttles, and mediators can aid in improving EET performance. Many technological innovations, such as additive manufacturing, the science of nanotechnology, the technique of genetic engineering, computational intelligence, and other combinations of technologies that can be used to augment the efficacy of BESs are also discussed. Our findings will help readers understand how BESs, though an evolving technology, can play an important role in addressing our environmental concerns. Technical constraints are identified, and future directions in the field of EET are suggested.

Nanotechnology, Water Remediation and Sustainability- A Far-Reaching Review and a Broad Scientific and Technological Perspective

The world of science and engineering of sustainability and nanotechnology are in today’s scientific fabric are in the aisles of newer scientific divination. Environmental, energy and socio-economic sustainability are the utmost needs of the hour. In the similar vision, nanotechnology needs to be aligned with diverse areas of natural sciences, applied sciences and engineering sciences. The definition of “sustainability” as described by Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway needs to be re-envisioned, rethought and rejuvenated with the passage of scientific history and time. Human struggles, human scientific and engineering challenges and human impact needs to be rethought as environmental protection and environmental disasters are in the path of immense scientific contemplation. In this paper, the author deeply discusses with verve and validation the integration of nanotechnology and sustainability. Human race today stands in the middle of deep scientific disaster and also scientific contemplation. Loss of ecological biodiversity and frequent environmental disasters are urging the scientific and engineering community to move towards newer scientific innovations and newer environmental engineering tools. Thus the need of a comprehensive treatise in the field of nanotechnology and sustainable development. Nanotechnology has vast and varied applications in the field of environmental pollution control. The author deeply targets these areas of scientific and engineering research endeavor. A newer era in the field of nanotechnology, nano-engineering and sustainability will surely usher in if a concerted effort is taken in the proper implementation of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the vision of Brundtland Commission Report. A new generation of scientists and engineers will move towards positive research directions if man and mankind innovates and envisions the basics and fundamentals of environmental engineering science, chemical process engineering, sustainable engineering and nanotechnology.

PENGARUH PUPUK KANDANG AYAM YANG DIPERKAYA PGPR TERHADAP pH DAN P-TOTAL SERTA HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L.) PADA TANAH ULTISOL

The purpose study aimed to determine the effect of chicken manure added with PGPR on soil pH and total-P and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) on Ultisol soil. The research was performed in Experimental Land 2, while soil analysis was carried done at the Nanoscience Technology Laboratory and the Soil Science Laboratory, Halu Oleo University. The trial took place from November 2021-September 2022. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 4 treatments of chicken manure, namely KO = without of chicken manure added with PGPR serves as control, K1 = 200 g polybag-1, K2 = 400 g polybag-1, K3 = 600 g polybag-1 each treatment was added with 400 ml of PGPR from bamboo roots. The results indicated that the higher of chicken manure applied, the higher of the the total-P and soil pH as well as the plant growth. The application of 600 g polybag-1 increased soil pH and total-P 28,93 mg 100 g-1 and 6,4, respectively. It was also observed that the application of 600 g polybag-1 of chicken manure (K3) recorded the highest plant by 120.66 cm, the highest number of branches by 11.66 and the number of fruits was 3.66 as well as the heaviest fruit weght by 145.33 g.

Nanotechnology in Plant Disease Management

The mesmerizing science of nanotechnology is the process of manipulating atoms and molecules to produce materials characterized by their minuscule dimensions, including nanoparticles ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. Despite being relatively new areas of study, nanoscience and nanotechnology are rapidly emerging as the forefront of research, continually generating the latest discoveries. Every year, nearly 20-40% crop losses occur mainly due to diseases and pests. The only method currently used to control plant diseases are toxic pesticides and fungicides, which pose risks to both the human well-being and the ecosystem. To reduce these problems the only needed solution is nanotechnology. It employs the use of nanoparticles synthesized by various methods. Plant diseases are managed effectively by using diverse nanoparticles, like silver nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanoparticles. The rapid detection of plant pathogens, the biosensor-based control of pests and diseases, soil management and other areas are all greatly impacted by nanotechnology.

Polycladia myrica-based delivery of selenium nanoparticles in combination with radiotherapy induces potent in vitro antiviral and in vivo anticancer activities against Ehrlich ascites tumor.

Background: Over the last few decades, nanotechnology has entered daily life through various applications, therefore, there has been a trend toward developing new approaches to green-mediated nanotechnology that encourage nanomaterial formation through biological methods such as plants or microorganisms. Algae have gained increasing attention from nanotechnology scientists and have paved the way for the emergence of "algae nanotechnology" as a promising field. Methods: Via using the aqueous extract of the brown alga Polycladia myrica, selenium nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by using seven instruments: SEM, TEM, UV spectra, Zeta potential, EDX, X-ray diffraction, and FTIR. P. myrica selenium nanoparticles (PoSeNPs) were then examined for their antiviral activity against HSV-1 (Herpes simplex I) and anticancer against human colon cancer cell line (HCT-116) in vitro and in vivo alone and in combination with laser therapy of power 2mW against Ehrlich carcinoma (EAC). Results: PoSeNPs ranging between 17.48nm and 23.01nm in size, and EDX revealed the selenium mass and its atoms as 0.46% ± 0.07% and 0.08% ± 0.01% respectively. Their anticancer potentiality in vitro was with maximum inhibitions of 80.57% and 73% and IC50 = 14.86μg/mL and 50mg/mL against HCT-116 and EAC cell lines respectively, while their in vivo alone and in combination with laser therapy of power 2mW showed a potent therapy effect against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Conclusion: This study concluded that PoSeNPs do not have a toxic effect; they exhibit high effectiveness as a photothermal agent for cancer therapy, with promising applications in future biomedical fields. The combined therapy showed a significant decrease in tumor volume, massive tumor cell necrosis, shrinking, and disappearance. It also showed improvement in liver TEM, histology, kidney function: urea and creatinine, and liver enzymes: ALT, and AST.

Research gap and trend in neurological therapy related to nanotechnology based on bibliometric analysis

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/3n_K49-K4jM Introduction: The development of nanotechnology science is so fast that there has been a lot of progress in terms of therapeutic research related to diseases in Neurology. To our knowledge, there have been no bibliometric studies in this field, so this study is needed to see research gaps that world researchers can do to accelerate and multiply nanotechnology that can be applied in patient therapy in clinics and collaborate with existing researchers in this field. This research aims to look for gaps in research fields that have not been widely studied in the field of nanotechnology related to neurological diagnosis and therapy and know research trends. Method: Documents were collected from the Scopus site from 2002 to 2022, totaling 245 documents, which were then analyzed quantitatively with Biblioshiny and Vosviewer software. Furthermore, a qualitative analysis was also carried out. Results: Gathered information on document trends, citation counts, authors, producing nations, affiliations, research topics, and research networks. Three developing domains (niches) are three developing domains (niches) that present research opportunities for researchers worldwide. The United States seems to be the industry leader in document production. Conclusion: The politics of a nation's financing policies heavily influence the advancement of research in the field of nanotechnology connected to the diagnosis and treatment of neurological illnesses. In order to expedite and replicate applications in the therapeutic use of nanotechnology, establishing new international research networks is required. Research gaps might be found through this research.

Approach of nano materials in pharmaceutical science

Recent technical advancements have provided proof that evolution in Nano technology and Nano science is the fundamental factor. Physics, chemistry, materials science, and other engineering sciences are all involved in the multidisciplinary field of Nano technology. Nearly all areas of science and technology are seeing significant use of Nano technology. The varieties of Nano particles, as well as their synthesis and characterization methods, were highlighted in this review study. Although various techniques and applications have been described over the previous years, we primarily focused on the general synthetic approaches and uses of Nano materials here in order to give the young researchers a general perspective.

Approach of nano materials in pharmaceutical science

Recent technical advancements have provided proof that evolution in Nano technology and Nano science is the fundamental factor. Physics, chemistry, materials science, and other engineering sciences are all involved in the multidisciplinary field of Nano technology. Nearly all areas of science and technology are seeing significant use of Nano technology. The varieties of Nano particles, as well as their synthesis and characterization methods, were highlighted in this review study. Although various techniques and applications have been described over the previous years, we primarily focused on the general synthetic approaches and uses of Nano materials here in order to give the young researchers a general perspective.

Current trends and future perspectives for enhanced drug delivery to central nervoussystem in treatment of stroke.

Stroke, one of the leading causes of death around the globe, is expected to rise considerably by 2050. The expanding nanotechnology science offers a promising future for medical research treating stroke. Nanomaterials are expanding their application in stroke management by structure and function as in perfluorocarbon, iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, dendrimers, quantum dots, nanospheres, and other organic and inorganic nanostructures. Nanotechnology integrated with stem-cell therapy is a different hit in stroke treatment. Nonetheless, some challenges must be resolved before globalizing the use of nanomaterials in stroke treatment and other neurological disorders.

СУТНІСНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА УЯВЛЕНЬ ПРО НАНОТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ

In the context of the development of physical education, there is a problem of formation of ideas about nanotechnology of students of general secondary education, which requires its thorough research. The methodology of the research includes the analysis of legal documents, psychological and pedagogical literature and scientific research to determine the essential characteristics of the main concepts, such as: «perception», «perception of nanotechnology»,«perception of nanotechnology of students of general secondary education». It was found that representations are divided into two groups depending on the impact on the subject's sense organs and perform signaling, regulatory and tuning functions in its implementation. They begin to function in a problem situation, which can have varying degrees of certainty, helping to predict the consequences of an event, solve complex problems, rationally evaluate circumstances, search for cause-and-effect relationships, and act in an environment with incomplete information. The interpretation of the terms with the prefix «nano-», in particular «nanotechnology», which in the general sense is defined as the influence on matter at the level of individual molecules and atoms, is given. It has been established that nanotechnologies provide an opportunity to create and modify nanomaterials in a controlled manner, as well as to integrate them into fully functioning larger-scale systems. Thus, the main task of nanotechnologies is to obtain nanomaterials with a given structure and properties and their use for a specific purpose. Emphasis is placed on the need for students of general secondary education to realize the role of nanotechnology in science, production and various spheres of human activity, which leads to the activation of imagination as an important cognitive process. The possible ways of forming ideas about nanotechnology among students of general secondary education are highlighted: updating the content of physics regarding the physical properties of nanomaterials and the use of nanodevices; coverage of historical facts that lead to changes in the perception of the physical picture of the world; implementation of a separate course on nanotechnology, etc. Key words: students of general secondary education, nanotechnology, imagination, physical education.

Nanotechnology-Enabled Unconventional Computing [Guest Editorial

The history of computing is inextricably bounded and heavily dependent on materials technology advances, especially nanotechnology. During the last decade, we have witnessed significant nanotechnology science discoveries from memristive and spin-orbit torque materials, carbon nanotubes to graphene, and biomaterials that have enabled several novel computing ways usually entitled under the generic term of unconventional computing. A common characteristic of these unconventional computing paradigms is their intrinsic capability to outperform, in terms of specific figures of merit, traditional von Neumann related computing architectures.

Biological activities and antioxidant potential of different biosynthesized nanoparticles of Moringa oleifera

The science of nanotechnology is expanding daily and has the potential to benefit people. Moringa oleifera is an abundant source of phenolic compounds, which are bioactive substances. It is recognised as a necessary plant because of its medicinal potential and a wide variety of health benefits. The aim of the current study is to examine the antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity effects of five nanoparticles (La2O3, CuO, Fe2O3, Ag, and ZnO) made using bioactive chemicals in the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on four human cell lines (T47D, HepG2, A549, and Wi38). The UV–visible spectroscopy analysis with a surface plasmon peak in the 300–490 nm range and the value of the zeta potential of the various biosynthesized nanoparticles ranged from + 31 to + 37 mV, indicated the repulsion between the particles and the stability of the formulation nanoparticles confirmed the formation of all nanoparticles. Additionally, the DPPH method was used to assess the antioxidant activity of five distinct metal nanoparticles. The results show that this method works in parallel and is dependent on both the concentration of NPs and the incubation time. The anticancer effect of synthesized nanoparticles against four different cell lines has been tested. The cytotoxicity assay showed a dose-dependent and time-dependent effect of nanoparticles. The obtained results conclude that acceptable potency against T47D and A549 cell lines with IC50 ranged from 38 to 210 μg/mL and 26 to 115 μg/mL, respectively. However, HepG2 and Wi38 cell lines showed relatively higher resistance against all tested nanoparticles when compared with Doxorubicin. Moreover, the antibacterial results revealed that silver nanoparticles exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against both Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Nanoparticles' high therapeutic activity at low concentrations opens up new avenues for the development of novel therapeutic approaches against human pathogens.

Convective Flow of Radiative Maxwell Nanofluid with Variable Thermo-Physical Properties

In this article, analysis has been executed to find the impact of radiation, varied thermal conductivity and varied viscosity on the steady 2 dimensional flows of nanoparticles existing Maxwell fluid past a flat surface that can be stretched. The partial differential equations which govern this flow are modified by using similarity transformations in order to form ordinary differential equations. Employing bvp4c of MATLAB software the transformed equations are solved and the results for velocity, temperature and species concentration are depicted through graphs for varying parametric values. Comparisons with previous published data of analytical methods are carried out, thereby validating the present numerical results. It has been observed that thermal conductivity as well as viscosity enhances the temperature of the fluid and nanoparticles species concentration. Also the nanoparticles existence in the fluid slows down the fluid motion. In various engineering processes and nanoscience technology, the inferences of this present study can find its applications.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Investigation has been carried out on a 2 dimensional steady flow of upper-convected Maxwell fluid under the existence of the radiation and nanoparticles
 The thermo-physical properties of the fluid flow such as thermal conductivity and viscosity are taken as variable quantity
 Bvp4c solver of the software MATLAB has been used to solve the governing transformed ODEs
 With the rise in thermal conductivity and fluid viscosity, the temperature of the fluid boost up
 The existence of nanoparticles in the fluid results in deceleration of the fluid motion

Determining acceptance and rejection of nano-enabled agriculture: A case study of the New Zealand wine industry

This paper gathers gatekeeper views and perceptions on nano-enabled viticulture in Aotearoa New Zealand. While the science of nanotechnology is indicated to offer improvements to conventional vineyard inputs and operations, its acceptability by potential users and consumers has an impact on the governance of nano-enabled agriculture. This governance takes place not just at the state level through regulation and policy, but also through corporate, and community sectors' use of branding and narratives about nanotechnology and nano-based agrichemicals, and the (non)consumption of nano-enabled products. This paper investigates the technical and market acceptability, or governance, of nanotechnology by elucidating the attitudes of industry gatekeepers towards wines grown with nanotechnology. This necessarily informs the ‘market permissibility’ of such technologies, and illuminates sensitivities, concerns, and consumer-based barriers to adoption. We conducted 15 semi-structured, key informant interviews and a thematic data analysis. Our results suggest a high level of technical acceptability, particularly if environmental sustainability benefits are made clear. Wine producers are interested in nano-solutions to labour, pest and disease, and cost of production issues. However, key actors in the production-consumption network of New Zealand wine have concerns about nano-enabled approaches. Regulatory approval and safety assurances are expected prior to adoption in food or wine. Respondents argue that consumer acceptability is less clear, and that thought leaders like wine writers, intermediaries and ‘influencers’ will be critical in shaping public opinion. This research highlights the potential risks of nanotechnology development and adoption.

Polymeric Nanocapsules in Drug delivery

The ever-increasing accomplishment of Nanotechnology in Science has raised the prospects of improving the properties and usability of an array of substances, minimizing the negative impact on human health as well as the environment. In the context of human health, continuous research is going on to obtain the maximum benefit of a pharmaceutical compound with a minimum dose by improving its delivery to the target site. Nanotechnology plays a key role in drug delivery providing target-oriented better therapeutic efficiency with minimal adverse effects. The widespread application potential of polymeric nanocapsules in drug delivery, diagnostics, biomedical imaging, and other related domains has made them one of the most extensively studied nanomaterials. Owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, much research has been dedicated to exploring the drug delivery aspect of polymeric nanocapsules. Several technological strategies have been developed in the last decade to improve the production protocol and choose appropriate materials to produce nanocapsules for superior performances. Polymeric nanocapsules are advantageous because of their excellent control over the release rate and modulation of the pharmacokinetic properties of various active ingredients.

Evaluation of physico -mechanical properties of graphene nanoparticles modified nano hybrid composite resin after thermo mechanical loading cycle - An in vitro study

Composite restorative material is one of the most accomplished contemporary biomaterials because of its high aesthetic potential with satisfactory clinical durability. Although composites are favourable restorative material their polymerization shrinkage still remains a challenge. Recently, Science of Nanotechnology has invaded into the field of Dentistry in an attempt to offset the existing shortcomings of traditional dental composites and substantially improving its properties by adding nano sized filler particles like Silver, Titanium Dioxide, Zirconia and Silicone. Graphene Nanoparticles (GNP) are novel fillers that possess a high fracture strength, mechanical strength, chemical stability, flexibility, they are also biocompatible and non-cytotoxic. The objective of this study is to evaluate the Surface roughness, Microhardness and Flexural strength of Nano hybrid composite resin modified with Graphene nanoparticles after subjecting the specimens to Thermo Mechanical cyclic loading.