Nanotechnology Science Research Articles

CO2 Measurement in Microfluidic Devices

Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology NewsVol. 32, No. 18 TutorialCO2 Measurement in Microfluidic DevicesFacilitating Biological Applications Using a Flow-Through CellChristopher Long, Wesley Anderson, Craig Finch, and James HickmanChristopher LongChristopher Long, Ph.D., and Craig Finch, Ph.D., are postdoctoral research associates, Wesley Anderson is a graduate research assistant, and James Hickman, Ph.D., is professor of chemistry, biomolecular science, and electrical engineering at the NanoScience Technology Center at the University of Central Florida. For more information on the PreSens system, contact Gernot Thomas John, Ph.D. (E-mail Address: g.john@presens.de), director marketing and innovation, PreSens. Web: www.presens.de.Search for more papers by this author, Wesley AndersonChristopher Long, Ph.D., and Craig Finch, Ph.D., are postdoctoral research associates, Wesley Anderson is a graduate research assistant, and James Hickman, Ph.D., is professor of chemistry, biomolecular science, and electrical engineering at the NanoScience Technology Center at the University of Central Florida. For more information on the PreSens system, contact Gernot Thomas John, Ph.D. (E-mail Address: g.john@presens.de), director marketing and innovation, PreSens. Web: www.presens.de.Search for more papers by this author, Craig FinchChristopher Long, Ph.D., and Craig Finch, Ph.D., are postdoctoral research associates, Wesley Anderson is a graduate research assistant, and James Hickman, Ph.D., is professor of chemistry, biomolecular science, and electrical engineering at the NanoScience Technology Center at the University of Central Florida. For more information on the PreSens system, contact Gernot Thomas John, Ph.D. (E-mail Address: g.john@presens.de), director marketing and innovation, PreSens. Web: www.presens.de.Search for more papers by this author, and James HickmanChristopher Long, Ph.D., and Craig Finch, Ph.D., are postdoctoral research associates, Wesley Anderson is a graduate research assistant, and James Hickman, Ph.D., is professor of chemistry, biomolecular science, and electrical engineering at the NanoScience Technology Center at the University of Central Florida. For more information on the PreSens system, contact Gernot Thomas John, Ph.D. (E-mail Address: g.john@presens.de), director marketing and innovation, PreSens. Web: www.presens.de.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:10 Oct 2012https://doi.org/10.1089/gen.32.18.17AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View articleFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byLuminescence-Based Sensors for Bioprocess Applications21 March 2019Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Solubility and Diffusivity in Solid Food Matrices: A Review of Past and Current Knowledge16 April 2014 | Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Vol. 13, No. 3 Volume 32Issue 18Oct 2012 Information© 2012 by GEN PublishingTo cite this article:Christopher Long, Wesley Anderson, Craig Finch, and James Hickman.CO2 Measurement in Microfluidic Devices.Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News.Oct 2012.42-43.http://doi.org/10.1089/gen.32.18.17Published in Volume: 32 Issue 18: October 10, 2012PDF download

Nanotechnology in Automotive Industry: Research Strategy and Trends for the Future—Small Objects, Big Impacts

The goal of this paper is to emphasize and present briefly the nanotechnology science and its potential impact on the automotive industry in order to improve the production of recent models with an optimization of the safety performance and a reduction in the environmental impacts. Nanomaterials can be applied in car bodies as light weight constructions without compromising the stiffness and crashwortiness, which means less material and less fuel consumption. This paper outlines the progress of nanotechnology applications into the safety features of more recent vehicle models and fuel efficiency, but also emphasis the importance of sustainable development on the application of these technologies and life cycle analysis of the considered materials, in order to meet the society trends and customers demands to improve ecology, safety and comfort.

Modern Concepts in the Curriculum and the Teaching of Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is regarded as the technology of the 21st century. Due to the revolution of nanotechnology, its presence divides the world into advanced countries and developing. Nanotechnology education is now a domestic and international challenge to solve the problems facing society, while simultaneously making life and the future better. This study creates concepts in nanotechnology education, discovering modern concepts in the curriculum and teaching of nanotechnology, enabling educators to design an effective nanotechnology curriculum in addition to planning suitable learning environments, at the same time, helping academics to study and develop nanotechnology science effectively. Although the present study has adopted the descriptive approach to organize modern concepts in nanotechnology education, some researchers have pointed to the importance of integrating disparate nanotechnology concepts into curricula matrices and teaching activities through all educational stages to face the educational lack in this area internationally (e.g., Drane, Swarat, Light, Hersam, & Mason, 2009; Hersam, Luna, & Light, 2004; Meyyappan, 2004). This affirms that nanotechnology education must be treated academically to attain contemporary educational objectives.

Integrating Nanotechnology into the Life Sciences: Lessons Learned

As nanomaterials are more frequently incorporated into the life science industry, the need to thoroughly understand their functionality becomes paramount. This review article will provide insight and lessons learned from numerous nanomaterial characterization projects where sample properties were evaluated to better understand various attributes that contribute to functionality. The lessons address a broad spectrum of topics ranging from sample preparation to the rapidly evolving regulatory landscape. Many of the hurdles encountered in maturing a product involving nanotechnology stem from navigating this regulatory landscape. There is a lack of standardization within the nanotechnology community including government agencies, industry, and academia. As a result, there are a number of important issues to address, most notably the issue of nanotechnology safety. There are other areas that also emerge as significant challenges in nanotechnology integration: appropriate quality control measures, sample preparation and analysis selection and using nanomaterial characterization in improving products and processes throughout the product lifecycle. Specific examples are used to illustrate these challenges and provide insight to their corresponding solutions. Through these shared experiences, a broader picture emerges of what is entailed in resolving the analytical challenges of nanotechnology and life science integration, the likes of which can be translated to numerous other situations both current and prospective.

Scientometric analysis of the reports presented at the Fourth International Nanotechnology Forum in Moscow, 2011

This paper presents brief information and an analytical overview of the reports that were presented at the Fourth International Nanotechnology Forum in Moscow on October 26---28, 2011. It contains scientometric data on the participants of the Forum and the distribution of authors by cities and research centers. The problems and achievements of Russian and foreign nanotechnology science are outlined.

Applications of Nanomaterials in Acupuncture and Moxibustion Instrument and Materials

By analyzing the relationship between nanotechnology and medical science, especially nanotechnology and acupuncture, the application of nanomaterials for needling therapy, acupoint catgut embedding therapy, acupoint external application, acupoint injection therapy, and meridian point diagnosis were discussed. Nanomaterials will make the development of acupuncture possess an unprecedented domain. It’s pointed out that breakthrough will be achieved from the research of the application of nanomaterials on the development of nano-needles for needling therapy, nano-thread for acupoint catgut embedding therapy, nano-medicine for acupoint external application therapy, nano-drug carrier for acupoint injection therapy, nano-sensor for meridian and acupoint diagnosis.

THE CREATION OF INFORMATION WEBSITE “FULLERENES” AS AN EDUCATIONAL TOOL

Fullerenes are the basis for the rapidly developing science of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is included in the list of priorities approved by Lithuanian Ministry of Education. Fullerenes and their usage, as a new field of science, are not included in either the general or high education curriculum. Following the analysis of e-sourcing, it became clear that there is no Lithuanian electronic source of information, in which there is more than one paragraph describing of fullerenes history, theory, usability and so on. Found information is incomplete, often inaccurate, and completely scattered. In order to determine Internet users’ knowledge about fullerenes, a short questionnaire survey in different education and age groups were conducted. The results of the survey suggest that currently the majority of respondents (more than half of those with university education) do not have a basic knowledge of fullerenes. Created an electronic information tool for teaching Fullerenes is presented. It analyzed and structured educational material about the history of the discovery of fullerenes, scientists who discovered them, the theory of fullerenes, their applications, examples, illustrations, points of interest, simulation. Developing the site relationship with the Nobel Prize laureates who discovered fullerenes Professor Robert F. Curl and Professor Harold W. Kroto has been established. Developed electronic information teaching tool "Fullerenes" (http://www.fulerenai.eu/) can be used as a cognitive tool for educational institutions. Key words: fullerenes, information teaching tool, nanotechnology, questionnaire, website.

NANO REACTIVE POLYMER BASED ON POLYANILINE AS ASPHALT MODIFIER FOR ANTICORROSION APPLICATION

Recently, the application of nanotechnology in the corrosion protection of metals has gained momentum. On the other hand, polymers are used as corrosion inhibitor coatings that are physically, chemically or electrochemically deposited on the metal substrate. Although asphalt has low cost, high cohesive nature, rheological properties and high thermal resistance but it is not practically used on a large scale in anticorrosion applications. So, the aim of this research is to use the nanotechnology science in preparing modified asphaltic materials to produce new and more qualified anti-corrosive coatings. To achieve this aim, nanoparticles of polyaniline (PANI-H2SO4) using template free polymerization method are prepared and characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM. Another nonreactive polymer of type low density poly ethylene (LDPE) has been used for comparison purpose. The two types of modifiers have mixed with asphalt of type 85/25 in different percentages as 2, 4, 6, 8& 10

Perceptions and actions: relationships of views on risk with citation actions of nanotechnology scientists

This study links survey data on scientists' societal perceptions of nanotechnology with publication data to understand the extent of association between societal perspectives held by nanoscientists and publication actions. Specifically, we explore the relationship between scientists' attitudes in two areas and their actions in citing nanotechnology environmental, health, and safety (EHS) publications. This relationship is examined by linking responses from participants in the University of Wisconsin's Nanotechnology and Society Survey of nanoscientists with publication data from the Georgia Tech global nanotechnology database. The likelihood of citing EHS publications is estimated as a function of the two societal perception variables as well as the scientific field and background characteristics such as PhD completion year, tenure-track position, gender, and religiosity. We find that perceptions about moral limits mediate citation actions whereas attitudes toward government regulation have no significant effect.

Visualizing nanotechnology research in Canada: evidence from publication activities, 1990–2009

Over the last two decades the scientific community has witnessed unprece- dented growth of nanotechnology research in Canada. Although recent studies have shown that Canada consistently maintains a position in the first tier of productive countries in terms of its share of the world's nano-publications, a number of key questions remain unanswered. Using a unique nano-related publication dataset, this paper combines bib- liometric analysis and science overlay mapping to visualize the 'invisible college' of Canadian nano research. The present analysis finds that the rapid growth of nanotech- nology research in Canada is, for the most part, externally driven. In recent years, research content has shifted toward nanobiotechnology fields. The geographical distribution of Canadian domestic nanotechnology research is characterized by regional imbalance: most research hubs are located near US-Canadian borders. Canadian nanotechnology scientists have collaborated with a variety of countries, but Chinese scholars in particular play a leading role in Canada's research exchange across national borders.

University‐industry collaboration in Japan by technology fields

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to clarify how university‐industry (U‐I) collaboration differs by technology fields in Japan.Design/methodology/approachAn analysis of the research resource allocation in the Japanese national universities in the Japanese national innovation system is followed by the analysis of U‐I collaboration by technology fields. The fields analyzed are life science, information and communication technology (ICT), environment science, nanotechnology and material science, which have been designated as strategically important fields by the Second Japanese Science and Technology Basic Plan. The analysis was conducted in a quantitative way using government data of R&D expenditure, researchers, patent application, joint research, contract research and university spin‐offs.FindingsSome characteristics of U‐I collaboration have been quantitatively found by technology fields. Though the national universities occupy large R&D expenditure shares in life science and nanotechnology/material science in the Japanese national innovation system, their joint research and contract research are fairly active in environment science as well as in life science and in nanotechnology/material science. For university spin‐offs, the national universities are active in life science and ICT.Originality/valueThis paper quantitatively clarifies U‐I collaboration by technology fields showing relative importance of U‐I collaboration by technology fields. The results provide information input to policy makers when they formulate policies to promote U‐I collaboration by technology fields and to corporate managers when they make U‐I collaboration strategies by technology fields as a part of open innovation strategies.

National innovation systems and the globalization of nanotechnology innovation

While there has been much emphasis over the last decade on the science of nanotechnology and on the implications and risks of potential applications, it is now timely to increase attention to the emerging dynamics of nanotechnology commercialization. This paper examines, from a global perspective, where and how corporations are entering into nanotechnology innovation. The paper tests the proposition that a significant shift has occurred in recent years in the orientation of corporate nanotechnology activities—from research discovery to patented applications. It also examines the extent to which the character and structure of corporate nanotechnology activity by country initially reflects national innovation system characteristics and prior public research funding inputs in the stage when discovery is most emphasized. The results indicate that national innovation systems characteristics are significant factors in the commercialization shift of nanotechnology and highlight the importance of innovation system policy factors. We also observe the influence of cross-border international invention linkages, suggesting that national innovation policies also need to be open and international in orientation.

Recent advances in nano-based electrochemical biosensors application in diagnosis and monitoring of diseases

Based on biological molecules combined with nanostructured components, the news generations of electrochemical biosensors can employ different transducers (potentiometric, amperometric and impedimetric) converting the chemical information into a measurable amperometric signal. Following this contemporary theme, our main focus in this review is to discuss different methodologies for application in biosensing, whose signal transduction is based on electrochemical principles. We apply a discussion on recent trends involving different nanostructured materials, but without daring to contemplate all nanomaterials incessantly cited in literature, which leads us to believe that this moment is an unprecedented revolution in the preparation of electrochemical biodevices. Besides, some structures of bio-nano interface and different electrochemical biosensors involved in diagnosis systems are also discussed. We outline in several parts of the report how nanoscience technologies are emerging in diagnostic medicine, as well as convergence of electrochemistry and bio-nanoscience. Our hopes for this review are that it can help different categories of researchers to understand the broad application area of electrochemistry and bioelectrochemistry, in order to detecting several types of diseases and biological phenomena.

Engineering extracellular matrix through nanotechnology

The goal of tissue engineering is the creation of a living device that can restore, maintain or improve tissue function. Behind this goal is a new idea that has emerged from twentieth century medicine, science and engineering. It is preceded by centuries of human repair and replacement with non-living materials adapted to restore function and cosmetic appearance to patients whose tissues have been destroyed by disease, trauma or congenital abnormality. The nineteenth century advanced replacement and repair strategies based on moving living structures from a site of normal tissue into a site of defects created by the same processes. Donor skin into burn wounds, tendon transfers, intestinal replacements into the urinary tract, toes to replace fingers are all examples. The most radical application is that of vital organ transplantation in which a vital part such as heart, lung or liver is removed from one donor, preserved for transfer and implanted into a patient dying of end-stage organ failure. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have advanced a general strategy combining the cellular elements of living tissue with sophisticated biomaterials to produce living structures of sufficient size and function to improve patients' lives. Multiple strategies have evolved and the application of nanotechnology can only improve the field. In our era, by necessity, any medical advance must be successfully commercialized to allow widespread application to help the greatest number of patients. It follows that business models and regulatory agencies must adapt and change to enable these new technologies to emerge. This brief review will discuss the science of nanotechnology and how it has been applied to this evolving field. We will then briefly summarize the history of commercialization of tissue engineering and suggest that nanotechnology may be of use in breeching the barriers to commercialization although its primary mission is to improve the technology by solving some remaining and vexing problems in its science and engineering aspects.

Silicon Based Nanocoatings on Metal Alloys and Their Role in Surface Engineering

Metals and their alloys have been widely used in all aspects of science and engineering. However the science of nanotechnology is driving newer demands and requirements for better performance of existing materials and also at a higher level of precision. This is naturally presenting complicated demands on the surface of these metals with a need for surface modification. Self Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) are nanosized coatings that present the most efficient method of carrying out surface modification. Alkylsilanes are silicon based SAMs which are compatible with the majority of metals and alloys. These nanocoatings can serve primary functions such as surface coverage, etch protection and anti corrosion, along with a host of other secondary chemical functions because of their amphiphilic nature. We present a brief introduction to surface modification of metals and alloys followed by a detailed description of silane based nanocoatings and their applications in technology. Then a look at the engineering aspects of these coatings in terms of patterning techniques is presented along with a discussion of the applications of patterned SAMs.

MO‐D‐BRA‐01: Nano ‐ Cancer and Radiation Therapy

The field of nanotechnology in cancer includes the use of materials precisely constructed at the molecular level to develop devices and novel imaging and therapy techniques to improve the therapeutic ratio of cancer treatments. Recent advances in the application of nanotechnology to cancer hold a great promise to improve the detection, treatment, and prevention of cancer. In this scientific symposium, we will present a primer on the science of nanotechnology and discuss how it can be used to improve the imaging and treatment of cancer, including radiation therapy. We will describe the latest research and development in this exciting and rapidly advancing field. We will review newly developed cancer diagnostics and therapies, including the combination of imaging combined with drug delivery, based on nanotechnology and identify future directions.The specific objectives of the symposium are to:1. Provide a primer on nanotechnology in cancer and the science behind it.2. Describe the potential use of nanotechnology to improve the imaging of cancer and imaging combined with drug delivery.3. Describe the potential use of nanotechnology to improve the treatment of cancer, including radiation treatment.4. Describe the potential use of nanotechnology to deliver the treatment directly to the tumor while sparing healthy tissue, including radiation treatment.5. Describe promising newly developed cancer diagnostics and therapies based on nanotechnology, future directions, and the role medical physicists can play to advance the field.6. Describe the challenges of translating nanotechnology from the academic bench to the clinic.

Motor Coordination via a Tug-of-War Mechanism Drives Bidirectional Vesicle Transport

The microtubule motors kinesin and dynein function collectively to drive vesicular transport. High-resolution tracking of vesicle motility in the cell indicates that transport is often bidirectional, characterized by frequent directional changes. However, the mechanisms coordinating the collective activities of oppositely oriented motors bound to the same cargo are not well understood. To examine motor coordination, we purified neuronal transport vesicles and analyzed their motility via automated particle tracking with nanometer resolution. The motility of purified vesicles reconstituted in vitro closely models the movement of LysoTracker-positive vesicles in primary neurons, where processive bidirectional motility is interrupted with frequent directional switches, diffusional movement, and pauses. Quantitative analysis indicates that vesicles copurify with a low number of stably bound motors: one to five dynein and one to four kinesin motors. These observations compare well to predictions from a stochastic tug-of-war model, where transport is driven by the force-dependent kinetics of teams of opposing motors in the absence of external regulation. Together, these observations indicate that vesicles move robustly with a small complement of tightly bound motors and suggest an efficient regulatory scheme for bidirectional motility where small changes in the number of engaged motors manifest in large changes in the motility of cargo.

Bioimaging and Self-Assembly of Lysozyme Fibrils Utilizing CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots

Advances in recent nanoscience technologies have generated a new compilation of fluorescent biolabels derived from semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Due to their properties of being water-soluble and biocompatible, these nanometer-sized probes prove to be a beneficial tool for biolabeling and bioimaging. We report on the molecular characterization of engineered bioconjugates comprised of highly luminescent dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) capped CdSe/ZnS (core/shell) QDs attached to the native protein hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and/or its fibrous analogue. This research focuses on the development of a specific fluorescent labeling system and exploration of fibril formation. We confirmed the bioconjugation and formation of the HEWL-QDs and HEWL-QDs fibril model systems by various analytical techniques including agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE), confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV−vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. These bioconjugates could prove to be a potentially useful application in nanobiotechnology as a bioimaging tool and as a reference for a controlled biological self-assembly process.

Maximizing safe design of engineered nanomaterials: the NIH and NIEHS research perspective

Estimating potential risk of an emerging technology as its products are being developed offers the greatest potential for success of the technology. The National Nanotechnology Initiative was launched in 2000 to provide a federal framework to support safe and responsible development of nanotechnology.Within this framework, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) focuses resources and expertise on both the biomedical applications of nanotechnology and the possibility of adverse health effects, or implications research. NIH developed the NanoHealth and Safety Enterprise Initiative by identifying shared research needs across the nanotechnology applications and implications research communities to create an integrated research strategy to maximize resources and expedite the development of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) that are safe by design. The central goal of this program is to decipher the fundamental principles of ENM interactions with biological systems that are relevant to human exposure and physiological response. Program components include materials science, basic biology, pathobiology, and informatics, as well as a cross-disciplinary training program for new nanotechnology scientists. The magnitude of this program will be best supported by flexible, dynamic funding and research mechanisms including the formation of public-private partnerships that span the expertise and interests of government, industry, academia, public interest, and other stakeholders. It is through such innovative, integrated, and cross-disciplinary programs that the full promise of nanotechnology may be realized while ensuring that this emerging field does not succumb to hidden perils.

Conference Scene: Nanotechnology and Medicine: The Next Big Thing Is Really Small

Emerging trends from nanotechnology on a globalized scale have created the need for a platform to discuss advances and share developments in this fast growing field. A conference was held to attract a vast number of scientists, representatives from nanotechnology vendor companies, and a diverse array of investors, businessmen and industry participants. The scope of the meeting was to discuss and share developments, innovations and research in the growing, but still emerging science of nanotechnology. The thrust of nanotechnology towards the development of personalized medicine, along with the enforced partnership between the Alliance for NanoHealth (ANH) and the US FDA to solve the issues of safety and approval of nanotechnology-based products were principally recognized.