Criminology Science Research Articles

Modern Approaches in the Theory of Economic Crime Prevention: Spanish Experience

The authors explore the theoretical difficulties of developing the most effective ways to prevent economic crime. The practical significance of the results of the study is based on a thorough analysis of the work of Spanish lawyers. The authors have proposed the most effective and time-tested methods of crime prevention in the economic sector. The initial goal of the study is to provide specific recommendations (based on the experience of criminological theories in Spain) on developing the most effective measures to prevent economic crime. The Spanish doctrine itself believes the current stage of criminological science development to be quite a good opportunity to reconsider some criminological theories on this topic. In particular, the aim of such an approach is mainly to develop specific ways so as to prevent economic crime. The basic postulates of psychological theories, aimed at explaining the etiology of economic crime, are being discussed in the following article, despite the crisis they are currently going through and the criticism towards them for a certain share of their ideologization and their desire to reduce the phenomenon of economic crime to some individual pathological traits of a personality. Sociological theories that have a solid ground, but do not allow us to understand the origins of criminal behavior in the economy at the whole scale, are also being analyzed in this work.

REGARDING SCENARIO APPROACH AND ITS PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF CRIMINOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

The current stage of criminological science development is characterized by increased attention of scholars and practitioners to the possibilities of scenario thinking. The main reason for applying scenario approach is the need to choose the method of action in a specific problem situation, to rationalize decisions while minimizing the risks. The conditions for the application of this method, including the field of combating crime, are its temporary and resource-based economy, simplicity of perception of scenario information, which does not require quantitative assessment of future events, the construction of mathematical models, etc. The specificity of the indicated approach consists in the simultaneous consideration of several development options with the opportunities and risks characteristic for each of them, with subjective and objective, internal and external factors, criteria and indicators. The analysis of the risk component plays the key role: most risks with timely and adequate attention lose their fatal nature and can serve to reveal new opportunities. The development of alternative future situations is an important stage of work, the content and quality of the scenarios depend on this. Based on several scenarios, one can develop an integrated strategy that works in all scenarios and ensures minimization of the risk regardless of the realization of future events.
 The main barriers to the widespread adoption of the scenario approach in the practice of combating crime are the following factors: 1) the objectively existing predominance of pessimistic scenarios in their total mass; 2) the lag of science from the needs of law enforcement practice, which, in turn, is late in responding to crime transformations; 3) subjective rejection of individual scientific and methodological innovations by managers and law enforcement officials; 4) the complicacy of conducting complex interdisciplinary research; 5) outermost subjection to impacts caused by public authorities actions; 6) the presence of an irrational component in the crime system.

Current and future criminology

The article is devoted to the research of the current state of criminological science and to determine the prospects for its development in the future. The achievements of the national criminology are reviewed, the integration of knowledge about crime and combating it is emphasized, and the coherence and synergy of scientific concepts, the introduction of a systematic method of knowledge of crime and the development of measures of preventive influence on its causes and conditions are substantiated. Criminology examines crime, its causes, criminals and victims of crime, prevention measures. Crime is a kind of objectively dangerous behavior that poses a threat to the individual, the state, business and society. Nowadays, the newest types of objectively dangerous behavior are most often encountered in cyberspace, in the sphere of electronic money circulation, use of artificial intelligence, provision of services, use of natural and labor resources. As an open social system, crime interacts externally with similar phenomena and processes, constantly changing under their influence and spreading in space and time. In addition, being an integral part of social life, crime has the property of self-reproduction and development, linked to the development of society, of changing the living conditions of people.It is concluded that the guidelines for the further development of criminology will be the international goals of global human development set out in the Millennium Declaration UN 2015 year and The Agenda of Sustainable Development by 2030 year.It is considered, key problems for criminological research by 2030 will be survival of people in the fierce struggle for access to economic and natural resources; counteracting various forms and manifestations of violence and other violations of fundamental human rights and freedoms; ensuring personal and collective security in the system of social interaction; environmental protection; the use of information technology for criminal purposes; counteracting transnational crime and terrorism; drug crime and arms trafficking, etc. In addition, the scientific potential of criminological institutions will be directed to the development of tools and tools to reduce the impact on crime and the social life of such negative social phenomena as poverty, social injustice and inequality, abuse of power, abuse of power by both the authorities and the general population.There is no doubt that, now and in the future, the development of crime will depend on social being, collective thinking and people behavior. In the workings of philosophers, political scientists and sociologists, the state of modern society is characterized by insane dynamism and instability, an increase in entropy, an increase in actual and potential risks, which is difficult to recognize and predict. This means that the existing concepts of explanation for the causes of crime will soon prove to be inoperative, as they were created in the last century on the basis of materialistic dialectics, linear thinking, contemporary ideas about the world of people, a hierarchy of values, rules and norms of people behavior in a stable society.In the long term, applied criminology will evolve by implementing the results of the fourth industrial revolution, in particular Big Data and Analytics, Simulation, Horizontal and Vertical system Integration, Piece Intellect, artificial neural networks.A breakthrough in the development of applied criminology will be made by artificial intelligence, biotechnology and nanotechnology. The use of innovative developments will ensure quick and correct management decisions, will form public opinion, influence the views and moods of a large number of people, correct the negative elements of public consciousness, quickly communicate to the general public the provisions of the current legislation and monitor its compliance. Among other things, digital technologies make it possible to build a system of total control and a mechanism for managing people's behavior in society. Soon by means of artificial intelligence, as well as genetic engineering, it will be possible to diagnose mental disorders, a tendency to misbehavior and criminal behavior, to classify people by degree of trustworthiness, to correct human psychophysiological defects, as well as to negative character traits that influence the choice of wrongdoing. and interests.Conclusions. On the basis of the above, I believe that in the future the value of criminology in solving human problems will increase, and the scope of the results of criminological research - will expand. On the basis of criminology will be a synthesis of industry knowledge about crime, forms and methods of combating it. New tools and instruments will be elaborated to prevent crime, as well as to protect people and property from criminal assault.

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT CRIMINAL SITUATION IN UKRAINE AS AN INFORMATION MODEL FOR DEVELOPING A STRATEGY TO REDUCE THE POSSIBILITY OF COMMITTING CRIMES

The complex process of developing effective measures covered by the strategy to reduce the possibility of committing crimes should be based on an objective information model of the existing criminal situation in the country. In turn, this information model includes, first, quantitative and qualitative indicators of crime, the main source of which is official criminal law statistics, and, secondly, contains information about the established by theoretical analysis determining the patterns of development and reproduction of criminal reality. At the same time, the task of this information model is to create predictive scenarios of possible options for further development of the criminal situation both in the country as a whole and in its individual regions.
 The purpose of this article is an in-depth analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the criminal situation in Ukraine over the past seven to eight years. Such an analysis of the main types of criminal manifestations allows us to determine the nature of modern crime, to identify the most unfavorable trends in its development. This analysis makes it possible to create a complete detailed information model of the existence and development of criminal manifestations in the country, which should always be taken into account when developing appropriate crime prevention strategies. This is the link between criminological theory and practice. During the research, the authors applied dialectical, comparative, analytical, statistical, and other methods of processing and analyzing statistical material that characterizes the state of crime in Ukraine.
 The study found that the difficult socio-economic and militarypolitical situation that has been observed in Ukraine in recent years has contributed to the emergence of a number of new trends in the criminal reality of our state. These new trends are reflected in the following: the structure of crime has changed dramatically due to the prevalence of so-called crimes of aggression (violent, self-serving and violent crime, crimes against personal freedom, public safety, etc.); the quality of crime indicators has deteriorated due to an increase in the proportion of serious and especially serious crimes; a number of new socially dangerous acts that were not previously considered crimes have appeared in the criminal code; law enforcement agencies register criminal acts in large numbers, as in the past they were not known to the Ukrainian society at all; and so on.
 In connection with the above, the main conclusion is made that the national criminological science faces the task of systematic monitoring of the development of the criminal situation in Ukraine in order to work out in advance effective ways and means to stabilize this unfavorable situation.

STATE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE PREVENTION OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES IN CRIMINAL-EXECUTIVE INSTITUTIONS IN UKRAINE

The article reveals the state of scientific research of the criminal offense’s prevention in criminal-executive institutions in Ukraine. It has been proved that, in essence, such offences are committed by both convicts and staff of these institutions. Their actions or activities encroach on undermining the authority of justice and the activities of criminal-executive institutions of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine. Since isolation from society often contributes to personal degradation and the loss of socially useful ties, we found in the process of research that the criminal offense was committed by the convict while serving his sentence not only with his personal guilt, but also with the guilt of the staff of the prison facilities of the SCES of Ukraine. Moreover, each criminal offence committed in these institutions differs according to the criteria, which gives a classification of penitentiary crime. In the process of studying the state of the problem criminal offenses preventing in criminal-executive institutions, we established that in domestic criminological science there is not enough scientific and practical definition of the concept of "criminal crime". Pluralism, we observe confirms our hypothesis about the fidelity of choosing the topic of study. Further changes in state policy in the field of sentences execution and probation of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine contributed to the creation of scientific works of a monographic nature and a number of dissertations, and significantly help to carry out modern reform of the penitentiary system of Ukraine. We conducted a thorough analysis of the domestic scientific works in the field of criminal offenses preventing in criminal-executive institutions, showed the undisputed contribution of each scientist, creating fundamental prerequisites for further scientific research in the defined field. It should be noted that the analysis of the current state of domestic scientific research on the criminal offenses prevention in criminal-executive institutions provided an opportunity to highlight the main areas of further study of this issue: criminal legal analysis of criminal offenses in those institutions; the criminological basis for these offences preventing; identification of subjects for the prevention of criminal offences in criminal-executive institutions; substantiation of the appropriateness of the prosecutor's office as a subject for the prevention of criminal offenses in these institutions.

Consequences of sexual violence: criminological dimension

The article substantiates the need to activate criminological knowledge of the fundamental problem of the consequences of crime. The consequences of sexual violence, their parameters, levels of manifestation, the addressees of causation, the «price» and other points are of theoretical as well as practical interest. It is suggested that the material consequences of sexual violence be considered as various forms of causing physical violence, materialized in the consequences: death, violation of the anatomical integrity and physiological function of organs and tissues of the person; as well as economic losses related to the temporary or permanent withdrawal of a person from the sphere of social relations and the response of state or public institutions to a crime. Formulated author's definition of intangible consequences of crime as generated by crime for the individual, society, state of consequences of undeclared nature, forms of manifestation of which cause mental (moral) harm to individuals, as well as non-pecuniary damage to legal entities of the public and private society. At the individual level, the non-material consequences of sexual violence are post-traumatic and mental disorders of victims of crimes by individuals. On the basis of the provisions of criminological science, legal psychology, medicine, the material and intangible consequences of sexual violence were analyzed, taking into account the criminal statistics. It is emphasized that obtaining objective and up-to-date data on criminal practices of sexual violence in Ukraine is a paramount condition for the formation of an information base for the socio-legal assessment of the relevance of combating this type of crime. Despite the incompleteness and inconsistency of official statistics data, the high latency of detecting and fixing post-traumatic and mental disorders of sexually abused victims, the lack of effective algorithms for calculating their «price», collecting this criminologically relevant information, and facilitating the development of action.

Certain Questions of the Criminological Concept of the Definition of «Victim of a Crime»

The article gives an analysis of the views of works of the Ukrainian and foreign scientists in the field of some victimological theories, in particular — definition «victim of a crime». Attention applies on the special value of provocative behavior of the victim in a case of commission of some crimes. Attention is drawn to the fact that provocative behavior is not only important for conducting a criminological analysis of a crime victim, but for qualification of some crimes too (for example — articles no. 118 and no. 124 of the criminal code of Ukraine). To achieve the objectives of the article, studies of criminologists were analyzed. Researches of scientists, who considered the problem of defining a «victim of crime» in terms of psychology, sociology, etc. were also analyzed. It has been concluded that criminological victimology (as an integral part of criminology) is a relatively new science. This situation is explained by the lack of interest of researchers in concepts of «victim mentality», «victimisation», «victim of a crime» till to the late 1940s 20th century. The conclusion was made about regularities between humanistic trends in the world and formation of the concept of "victim of crime" in the middle of the twentieth century. The conclusions are based on the study of the importance of victimological teaching in modern criminology science. Most of them are used by modern criminology scientists’ definitions of «victim of a crime». Attention is drawn to the ambiguity of understanding definition «victim of a crime». This is because some scientists suggest identifying «victim of a crime» with a «person, who suffered from the crime». In our opinion, his understanding is wrong. Also it is specified, that «victim of a crime» can be used in a narrow sense (as the person who is directly caused moral, physical or property damage) and in a broad sense (representative of a certain nation, race, religious trend, social group, concerning which a crime directly was not committed, but who cannot feel safe because of spread of these crimes). Keywords: victim mentality, victimisation, victim of a crime, victimological theories.

RESULTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF ECONOMIC FACTORS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF VICTIMOLOGICAL PREVENTION OF SECURITY OF LIVING ENVIRONMENT

One of the criminological science dogmas is that prophylaxis and prevention of offenses are made at three levels: general social (in society as a whole), special (in relation to certain types (groups) of offenses) and individual (with a specific offender). Some scientists allocate the fourth level of prophylaxis and prevention of an offense into regional or sectoral ones. Some scholars call these levels somewhat differently, but their content is approximately the same, and, most importantly, they all aim to create a sense of security of each of us from violations of norms of laws, morals, traditions, etc. Of course, the scientific provision of crime prevention is impossible without a proper economic basis. The complexity of such studies is that since the end of 2013 and till now the development of Ukraine was marked by the acute problem of ensuring security in the full sense of the word and the leveling of the single person’s safety. We hope that making a sociological study of the economic factors of the effectiveness of victimological prevention of the living environment from a human position may be a part of the general return to the state development vector of a person with its rights, freedoms and responsibilities.

Sherlockismos de “O Mistério”

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o humor na ficção policial brasileira da Primeira República, tomando como fonte principal o romance O mistério, escrito a oito mãos em 1920 por Afrânio Peixoto, Viriato Correia, Medeiros e Albuquerque e Coelho Netto. Nossa tese é que esse romance representa sobretudo a recepção da ficção policial difundida no país desde 1907. Focaremos a recepção dos textos policiais de Conan Doyle por terem marcado a imaginação dos leitores brasileiros. Sherlock Holmes ensejou imitadores de tal modo que suas deduções foram aplicadas pelos leitores de jornal e jornalistas na solução dos crimes noticiados na imprensa, servindo também de modelo à investigação policial, marcada por uma criminologia científica bastante difundida no período. Mostraremos como esses fenômenos estão presentes em O mistério, mobilizados para uma sátira da polícia e da sociedade brasileira.

On the origins of anthropological criminology. Discussion on monomania (moral insanity)

This article presents a brief excurse into the history of the conception of one of the leading movements of criminological science – anthropological criminology. Analytical review of the opinion of leading psychiatrists and forensic pathologists of the early XIX century is given regarding the facts of commission of motiveless violent crimes by individuals without evident mental disorder, which were increasingly recorded by law enforcement of that time. This phenomenon was sequentially named “delirium-free mania”, “monomania”, “moral insanity”, and other terms. The methodology is based on the retrospective analysis of the discourse field formed in the early XIX century around the phenomenon of “monomania” (moral insanity) in Russian and foreign literature on law and forensic psychiatry. The materials presented in this article allow reallocating emphases in the scientific discourse on the origins of criminal anthropology branch within criminology. The main conclusion of the conducted research consists in the fact that beginning of the study of monomania (moral insanity) should be viewed as the starting point in formation of anthropological criminology – one of the two leading branches of criminological science (alongside sociology of crime). This conclusion is made on the basis of analysis of the rarest foreign and Russian literature, most of which has not been republished for approximately 200 years.  

“Place or Character” of a Business: Environmental Criminology and Negligent Security Litigation

This paper describes the use and application of environmental criminology and social science methods in court cases involving allegations of negligent security. Negligent security is an area of premises liability that involves claims against business owners for damages or injuries on their property due to a lack of security precautions against reasonably foreseeable criminal actions. For decades, courts have embraced the view that the “place or character” of a business may invite criminal conduct and various jurisdictions have asserted that business owners may be under a duty to protect patrons against third-party criminal conduct. Yet, courts have struggled to define precisely how the place or character of a business would make a crime reasonably foreseeable. The paper explains the ways in which courts utilize crime and noncrime data in negligent security cases and discusses the affinities between environmental criminology and expert evidence in the courts. In doing so, the paper highlights the practical application, legal utility, and explanatory power of criminological theories and social science knowledge in the U.S. civil court system.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ СИТУАТИВНОЙ КРИМИНОЛОГИИ КАК ЧАСТНОЙ ТЕОРИИ КРИМИНОЛОГИИ

The article proposes to introduce into scientific circulation a new concept “Situational criminology” as a particular theory of the science of criminology. Its purpose, object and subject are revealed.

Актуальные проблемы современных избирательных правоотношений в контексте криминологической науки

Актуальные проблемы современных избирательных правоотношений в контексте криминологической науки

Source of Crime in Islamic Psychological Perspective

Crime is a problem that has long occurred, even since the beginning of the fall of the prophet Adam and Eve. So far, the problem of crime is only involved in information that comes from binding laws and regulations. Crimes that have been considered crimes are only limited to individuals who are trapped in the context of mistakes without explaining the origin of the source of the crime committed. About crime also tends to be discussed in the science of criminology. In the field of criminology, W Boger himself is divided into two, namely pure criminology that breeds criminal science in criminal anthropology, criminal sociology, criminal psychology, criminal psychopathology and neuropathology and phenology while applied criminology is criminal hygiene, criminal politics and criminalism. This writing is sharpened at the source of crime in the perspective of Islamic psychology. In Islamic psychology itself, crime is basically not much different from the psychological outlook developed by Freud's psychoanalysts such as explaining between Id, Ego and Super Ego, if in Islamic psychology the source of crime can be found in Nafs explanations such as Vegetable Nafs, Animal Nafs, and Human Insights . This crime has an explicit explanation in the Animal Nafs.

The Acquittal (After Pretrial Detention) – a Rare but Fascinating Phenomenon of the Criminal Justice System

The acquittal leads – compared to other phenomena – a shadowy existence in German criminal law and criminological science. A research team from the Institute of Criminology in Tübingen investigated criminal proceedings where the accused were held in pretrial detention before eventually being acquitted and categorized and described the proceedings from various perspectives utilising a multidisciplinary approach. The article deals with the role of doubt in such proceedings and the way in which so-called “second class acquittals” are expressed in written judgements. Furthermore, this article, besides providing an overview of exemplary main results, aims to inspire the scholarly community to pay more attention to acquittal decisions taken in different parts of criminal procedures, also within a comparative perspective.

Analyzing crime foreseeability: premises security litigation and the case of convenience stores and gas stations

Over the decades, the social and behavioral sciences have become increasingly integral to the assessment of crime foreseeability in criminal and civil court cases. This paper uses case examples from litigation involving convenience stores and gas stations to describe the analytical steps of a forensic criminological investigation to assess crime foreseeability. We describe the investigative tasks of a premise security lawsuit and address the challenges of examining and explaining the etiology of a criminal attack. A major goal is to demonstrate the translation of social science knowledge into actionable legal outcomes. The paper offers insights to enhance the investigative quality of forensic criminological assessments of crime and improve forensic applications of criminological theory and social science methods.

Level of Awareness on Extra Judicial Killing of Bachelor of Science in Criminology Students

Extra Judicial Killing (EJK) is the unlawful killing of a person like leading politicians, religious figures, trade union leaders and sometimes socially popular figures by governmental authorities without the sanction of any judicial proceeding or any legal process. This descriptive study determined the level of awareness on EJK of the B.S. Criminology students. One hundred twenty (120) randomly selected students enrolled in the Bachelor of Science in Criminology (BS Crim.) in the Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College (NIPSC), Ajuy, Campus, Ajuy, Iloilo during the second semester of the school year (S.Y.) 2017-2018 answered the researcher- made questionnaire. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Percentages, means, frequency counts, and standard deviations for the total sample were calculated with the use SPSS version 19 and are presented in the data table. Results of the study showed that the level of awareness on EJK of the B.S. Crim. students was moderately aware. There was no significant difference in the students’ perception and students’ level of awareness. This study is pronouncing significantly the students’ disagreement on EJK. Moreover, those students in the pursuit of peace, justice, freedom, human rights tend to disagree with the extra-judicial killing related events. Students believed that EJK could not be the answer in the rise of crimes and vices in the country. Crimes and vice could only be solved and be eradicated through a lawfully and properly protocols.

Features Of “Non-Governmental Organizations” In The Sphere Of Counter Of Crime

Taking into account global trend that fight against crime and crime prevention can be successful only if we consolidate public authority’ and society’ efforts all together, the need of study of non-governmental organizations involvement in process of combating crime is necessary. Recent developments of civil society in Ukraine shows us the rise of role of non-governmental organizations in state affairs, and sphere of combating of crime is not an exception. At the same time, the term “non-governmental organizations” seems to be quite new for Ukraine’ criminological science, as well as for legal science of Ukraine in a whole. That is why the study of legal nature of non-governmental organizations give us the chance to conduct deeper research about their impact into decision-making proses and formation of different kinds of state policies, including policy in the field of combating crime in Ukraine.
 Therefore, the article is devoted to highlighting the characteristic features of nongovernmental organizations. Seems reasonable to start conduct such a research via study based on a logical and meaningful analysis of the regulatory documents of the Council of Europe. Where features of the concept of “non-governmental organization” are disclosed. Later on the right disclosure of features of non-governmental organizations, makes it possible to distinguish them from other similar legal forms (civil society organization, non-profit organization, voluntary citizens’ group etc.). Taking into account the global trends and the development of criminological science, the importance of further research on non-governmental organizations in the field of counter of crime is noted. A vital part in further research belongs to formation of a separate definition of “non-governmental organization” in the theory of Ukrainian’ legal science.

Konsep Perlindungan Korban dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Nasional dan Sistem Hukum Pidana Islam

The current position of victims in the criminal justice system has not been placed fairly, because victims in the judiciary are only represented by public prosecutors who base their charges on statutory rules and facts obtained from witnesses. This paper reviews and compares the Indonesian national criminal justice system and Islamic criminal law system in terms of protecting the rights of victims of criminal acts during and after undergoing the trial process. The study of victims in the Western criminal law system adopted by Indonesia has been so extensive and profound, that it raises its own science called victimology, which is parallel to the science of criminology. Meanwhile Islamic criminal law (al-Fiqh al-Jinayah) still refers to fiqh books written by medieval jurists, so that the study of Islamic criminal law is stagnant and without significant progress. However, both national criminal law and Islamic criminal law, in principle, emphasize that the protection of victims must be balanced between the interests of the victims themselves, the perpetrators of crime, society, the state, and the public interest.

REPRESENTATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE VICTIM AND THE OFFENDER IN THE GENERAL PART OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF UKRAINE

Purpose: the article reveals the issue of consolidating the characteristics of the relationship between the victim and the subject of the crime. The norms of the General Part of the Criminal Law Law are analyzed. Methods: analysis of the relationship between the victim and the subject of the crime, conducted on the basis of the general theoretical provisions of the science of criminology, psychology and criminal law, developed by leading domestic and foreign scientists. Results: determine the significance of fixing the signs of the relationship between the victim and the subject of the crime. Discussion: the analysis of the General Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine concerning the fixing of the characteristics of the connection between the victim and the subject of the crime in its norms is underway. This article is devoted to the analysis of the General Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine regarding the establishment of the norms of the relationship between the victim and the subject of the crime. As you know, the crime is the basis of criminal liability. Signs of the crime, including the characteristics that characterize the victim, if they are included in the composition, determine the conditions and limits of criminal and punitive. Analyzing the Criminal Code of Ukraine, we see that the victim does not include all the components of crimes that cause harm to a person, but only when there is a need to narrow the range of victims. But in practice, there are often problems both during qualification and when sentencing guilty persons for a crime committed as a result of unlawful behavior of the victim, for example, when deliberate causing bodily injuries occurred during a joint fight. In our opinion, these errors arise because insufficiently thoroughly analyzed the mechanism of such a crime. In order to prevent mistakes in qualification, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the actual behavior of the victims, which is necessary to find out the effectiveness of criminal law in combating their anti-social behavior, as well as punishment in terms of strict compliance with the principle of individual victim guilty and to improve the current legislation. In order to investigate the place and functions of the relationship between the victim and the offender in criminal law, we have analyzed the norms of the General and Special Parts of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which allows certain parts of the rules of the Special Part to be divided into those which prescribe the signs of "crimes of relationships" and those that imply responsibility for acts, which may be «crimes of intercourse». Certain aspects of the relationship between the victim and the subject of a crime have a criminal significance. Thus, in the General Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, they were reflected: 1) in the rules on the circumstances excluding the crime of the act (first of all, it concerns the necessary defense, imaginary defense, the detention of a person who committed a crime, physical or mental coercion); 2) in the rules on release from criminal responsibility (institutions of effective repentance, reconciliation of the guilty party with the victim); 3) in the rules on the imposition of punishment (circumstances that mitigate and aggravate the punishment).