Science-based Information Research Articles

Risks of foodborne pathogens associated with animal contamination of raw-agricultural commodities: A review.

Pathogens that cause foodborne illness can contaminate raw-agricultural produce via animal intrusion and defecation in production fields. The Food and Drug Administration's Produce Safety Rule and related guidance cite published research on animal intrusion risk and risk-reduction practices. However, additional relevant research has been published since their release. Research on animal contamination often focuses on a single risk factor. This review summarizes current research on multiple risk factors and provides a basis for understanding how these factors may interact to influence risk to produce from animal contamination, providing regulators and educators with science-based information to inform education and outreach to growers. This review may also aid researchers by identifying future research needs. We conclude that when managing risks from animal contamination, a multi-pronged approach is necessary. This approach considers a range of factors, including animal type, nature of feces, rain and irrigation events, meteorology, and worker training. We also created an online tool that conveys the findings of this review in a succinct and digestible format for growers and regulatory and educational partners.

How Are Weather and Climate Products and Decision Support Systems Used in Wildland Fire Decision Making in the US Southwest?

Abstract Wildland fire management is a challenging environment in which to utilize scientific information. Despite the robust information system that supports US wildland fire management, recent studies demonstrate that some data/information products and decision support tools available to that community are not being used to their full potential. In the US Southwest the convergence of climate change, past wildland fire policy, and an expanding wildland urban interface has increased pressure on wildland fire managers to use science-based information to improve management outcomes. This tension between the perceived need for more science in fire management and the practical challenges of using science to inform decisions led us to ask two basic questions: 1) How is information about weather and climate used in wildland fire management decision making in the Southwest? 2) How are decision support tools used in Southwest wildland fire management? We found: relatively few sources of weather and climate information are consulted by Southwest wildland fire managers; a small percentage of those sources are used to inform the specific decisions and tasks we asked about; decision support tools are commonly used to justify rather than inform decisions. We further found evidence that suggests that products and tools that are thoughtfully designed to fit within the specific information use environment of wildland fire management—rather than being produced in isolation from that environment—are more likely to be used and therefore have more impact than those that are produced in isolation from that environment.

The LTAR Common Experiment: Facilitating improved agricultural sustainability through coordinated cross-site research.

Long-term research is essential for guiding the development of agroecosystems to meet escalating production demands in a manner that is environmentally sound and socially acceptable. Research must integrate biophysical and socioeconomic factors to provide geographically scalable knowledge that involves stakeholders across the research-education-extension-policy spectrum. In response to this need, the Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network developed a "Common Experiment," which seeks to develop and disseminate multi-region, science-based information to enable implementation of visionary agricultural innovations while simultaneously promoting food security, well-being, environmental quality, and climate adaptation and mitigation. The core design of the Common Experiment contrasts prevailing and alternative/aspirational production systems, with the latter including novel innovations hypothesized to advance sustainable intensification in locally appropriate ways. Treatments in the Common Experiment represent a diversity of production systems under cropland, grazing land, and integrated crop/grazing land management. Where possible, treatments are evaluated at multiple spatial scales (e.g., from plot to enterprise) and are designed to evolve over the course of the experiment with stakeholder input. A common assessment framework guides data collection for the experiment and is complemented by metric-specific protocols and an emerging data management infrastructure. Currently, there are large differences among sites in the application of the experimental framework and degree of stakeholder engagement; differences largely grounded in pragmatic issues related to land access, site expertise, and resource availability. The full potential of the LTAR Common Experiment may be realized with strategic investments in network capacity.

Focus groups exploring American consumer perspectives on contemporary poultry production reveal critical insights to educate sustainable practices for producers

Ensuring sustainability in poultry production is complex and requires a multifaceted approach that considers human health and food security, bird health, the environment, and society. Consumers are critical stakeholders, yet their growing disconnection from agriculture production practices complicates efforts to achieve more sustainable systems. This study aims to gain insights into consumers' attitudes toward poultry and perceptions of contemporary production methods. Exploration of consumer perspectives would offer valuable insights that could educate producers on the priorities of the target market and make informed decisions about embracing practices to increase the sustainability of their operations. In this context, eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 54 multicultural participants who consume chicken and reside in Minnesota, USA. The major themes that emerged from the FGDs include (1) purchasing and consumption habits, (2) concerns regarding production methods, (3) the impact of social, religious, and cultural factors, (4) familiarity with poultry production practices, and (5) the importance of educating consumers. The study revealed that convenience, affordability, and health benefits are positive drivers of poultry consumption. While participants exhibited a greater preference for the flavor of dark (leg and thigh) meat, they often chose breast meat for its ease of preparation and perceived health benefits. Concern for human health tended to take precedence over ethical claims associated with animal welfare. Furthermore, misconceptions emerging from skepticism and unfamiliarity with regulations and the labeling of poultry products may deter the acceptability of higher costs. Many participants identified knowledge gaps and sought science-based information from reliable sources. They conveyed the necessity of outreach and education for consumers in more engaging and accessible forms of communication. The well-established reputation of poultry as a healthy, convenient, and affordable source of protein is the main driver for its consumption. Learning the attributes they believe are significant and underlying motivations or obstacles to consumption can be beneficial in developing effective strategies to promote the adoption of sustainable practices. Enhancing consumer understanding of sustainable poultry production could influence their acceptance and readiness to absorb the additional costs associated with it.

Exploring the barriers to farmer participation in soil carbon projects under the Australian Carbon Credit Unit Scheme

ABSTRACT The Australian Carbon Credit Unit Scheme was established to incentivise reductions in emissions or carbon storage. However, there has been low participation by farmers in soil carbon projects since the first soil carbon method was established for agriculture in 2014, even though carbon prices are high and management changes to sequester carbon on farms should be complementary to other business outcomes. This study explores the barriers that might limit participation in soil carbon projects. A novel approach is that instead of interviewing landholders, we worked with agents, service providers and agencies in Australia to gain their insights about the participation challenges for farmers. The main barriers identified are information gaps, risk and uncertainty about returns, high upfront costs, poor knowledge, limited business cases and program complexity. Potential opportunities to overcome barriers include increasing awareness of and access to factual and science-based information, reducing risk and uncertainties, reducing measurement and practice change costs, increasing financial support and incentives, quantifying environmental benefits and complementary benefits of the practices, and simplifying the methods and program systems. This study also suggests better business models for carbon projects need to be developed, with adjustable scenarios, so that farmers can tailor them to their enterprise.

Barriers and enablers of digital extension services’ adoption among smallholder farmers: the case of Cambodia, the Philippines and Vietnam

ABSTRACT Digital Extension Services (DES) could help smallholder farmers access science-based information to boost agricultural output and resource efficiency. Gaining insight into the factors influencing farmers' use of digital extension services was essential for executing behaviour change. A total of 937 farmers from Cambodia, the Philippines, and Vietnam were chosen as the sample for the study. This study employed the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework by utilising a structural equation model. The findings showed a range of concerns pertaining to farmers' attitudes and actions regarding the use of digital extension services. Subjective norms, perceived behaviour control, and farmers' perceived usefulness had a favourable and significant impact on the uptake of digital extension services. Research has shown that both perceived risks and household wealth have a favourable impact on adoption rates. However, it is important to note that barriers and enablers differ throughout the three nations in Southeast Asia due to variations in culture, customs, norms, and socioeconomic factors. The paper presents a strategy to enhance farmers' engagement in DES technology by enhancing digital infrastructure, facilitating farmer access to hardware devices through government subsidies or private sector assistance, ensuring equitable access for women and youth, and organising additional training for key stakeholders.

Prebunking earthquake predictions on social media

Earthquake misinformation has not only a significant impact on crisis management, but also on trust in scientific information and institutions. As a global center for seismic information, the Euro-Mediterranean Seismological Center (EMSC) has developed a strategy to combat false information related to earthquakes, particularly on Twitter (now known as X). This strategy includes the automation of prebunking tweets to prevent the spread of false information and, particularly unreliable claims of earthquake predictions. In the field of false information, predictions of earthquakes have a particular characteristic: their appearance follows a specific dynamic and the attention paid to them is predictable, which makes the automation of countermeasures (prebunking and debunking) both possible and relevant. Therefore, the objectives of the EMSC’s automatic tweets are to warn people in advance, particularly those who may be vulnerable to earthquake misinformation, while filling the information void with verified, scientifically-based information in the meantime. This paper seeks to examine the usefulness of such a tool. It does so by analyzing users’ engagement with these tweets. In addition, it focuses on two case studies, the seismic sequence in Turkey following the M7.8 earthquake on February 6, 2023 and the M6.8 Morocco earthquake on September 8, 2023. The results show engagement with the automatically generated tweets but an even greater interaction and engagement with manual tweets, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach. Recommendations include optimizing the visibility of the tweets, extending efforts beyond social media, and exploring alternative platforms. The paper advocates for a comprehensive strategy, combining automated tools with manual engagement and leveraging diverse communication channels to take into account cultural differences.

Using Multimedia to Help Agricultural Producers Communicate with Consumers about GMOs

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their uses are often misunderstood. Consumers are regularly unsure what GMOs are, or if they are safe for consumption and the environment. Contradictory and sometimes inaccurate information is available from numerous sources, and challenges consumers and others to separate the facts from sensationalized stories. Agricultural producers often communicate with consumers, neighbors, and members of the general public; however, they do not have information to share about GMOs. Multimedia resources can provide agricultural producers with science-based information to share with consumers. Agricultural communicators and Extension educators can create science-based multimedia resources to bridge the communication gap.

Innovations in scientific communication: techniques for crafting distinctive textual content

The rapid globalization and integration of science-based information technologies have led to continuous transformation, significantly impacting socio-cultural processes. The presented concept of information space development focuses primarily on communication processes. This article aims to analyse the possibilities of technology in creating unique scientific communication within the modern information space. During the research, general methods such as generalization, comparison, systematization, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, and specification were employed. The study revealed the current stage of information society development and outlined trends in modern scientific communication models. The structure of scientific communication in the information space, which combines professional and personal components, is substantiated. The text focuses on identifying the characteristics and functionality of electronic publications within innovative technologies. It considers specific aspects of new and transformed existing variations of scientific communication in the context of digital optimization processes. The issue of the life cycle of electronic resources is also investigated. The article identifies vectors for improving scientific communication processes, focusing on quality information, digital and intercultural components of the communication process. It establishes that the optimization of scientific communication in the information space is necessary due to the specific requirements of forming a unique text based on the principles of honesty and originality.

Nutrition Today: Nutrition/Health Communications: Teaching Sourcing, Vetting, Discerning

Nutrition and food science and other health science communicators have faced a number of significant challenges over the past several decades, as the information landscape has evolved. The growth of Web-based science communication sources and, especially, social media’s impact on information dissemination have thoroughly transformed what was once strictly the purview of science and health journals. To meet the changing challenges, the present authors have published a series of articles presenting guidance for communicators in navigating the evolving information environment. In response to a number of questions from colleagues about how to seek and evaluate sound scientific information and to address the growing online repository of dubious food and health recommendations, the authors are addressing in the present article some modern themes. In particular, the article focuses on communicators’ evolving needs: where to go for accurate science-based information—how to guide the public to sound health and nutrition information and also how consumers might vet information sites online and how the public can be encouraged to develop new critical science-consumption skills and practical skepticism in the face of competing “information” claims.

GESTÃO EFICIENTE DE ESTOQUES E INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA: FATORES-CHAVE PARA O SUCESSO EMPRESARIAL

Efficient stock management and the adoption of technological innovations are crucial factors in guaranteeing a company's success in an increasingly competitive and dynamic market. Based on this realisation, this article aims to address the importance of these two elements for excellence in business management. In order to achieve this objective, bibliographical research was carried out, consisting of analysing various articles, books, theses and dissertations related to the topic in question. The bibliographic methodology allows us to obtain up-to-date, scientifically-based information, which contributes to the reliability and relevance of the results presented. By analysing the results obtained, it was possible to see that efficient stock management provides a series of advantages for organisations, such as cost reduction, increased operational efficiency, improved customer service and greater competitiveness in the market. Finally, it can be concluded that the combination of efficient stock management and technological innovation is fundamental to the success and survival of companies in today's business environment. Organisations that manage to implement these practices effectively are able to stand out in an increasingly dynamic and challenging market. It is therefore essential that companies invest in training their managers and in the use of technologies that favour efficient stock management in order to achieve positive and sustainable results.

Surface Water (SW) and Shallow Groundwater (SGW) Nutrient Concentrations in Riparian Wetlands of a Mixed Land-Use Catchment

Precipitation patterns, water flow direction, and local land-use practices affect surface water (SW) and shallow groundwater (SGW) nutrient concentrations in riparian wetlands. Given physical process complexities, spatiotemporal quantification of nutrients and physical factors influencing nutrient concentrations are needed to advance wetland water resource management. To address these needs, a study was conducted in riparian wetlands of a mixed land-use catchment in West Virginia (WV), USA. Observed data included SW–SGW levels and nutrient concentrations, including nitrate (NO3-N), nitrite (NO2-N), ammonium (NH4-N), orthophosphate (PO43-P), total nitrogen (total_N), and total phosphorus (total_P) from January 2020 to December 2021. Water samples were collected monthly from stream gauge sites (n = 4) and co-located piezometers (n = 13). Results showed that, on average, gaining stream conditions were observed in upstream sites, and losing stream conditions were observed in downstream sites. Observed nutrient profiles between SW and SGW included SW exhibiting a higher average NO3-N concentration (0.42 mg/L), while SGW displayed an elevated NH4-N concentration (1.55 mg/L) relative to other nitrogen species. Significantly high (p < 0.05) SW NO3- concentrations in summer and fall were attributed to increased precipitation and corresponding water level and, therefore, pressure head and transport fluctuations. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed differences in nutrient concentrations based on the water source type and catchment land use, explaining 65% of data variability. Spearman correlation analysis illustrated the correlation among nutrient concentrations, land use, and water level changes in SW and SGW environments. This study provides needed baseline data on nutrient dynamics for a riparian wetland in a mixed land-use catchment, supplying science-based information to advance land and water management practices in the study watershed and similar physiographic watersheds globally.

98 Using youth hippology contest results as a needs assessment as a framework for a train the trainer program

Abstract Land-Grant Institutions and Cooperative Extension Services seek to disseminate science-based information to the general public and strive to develop the next generation of agriculturists. Extension agents across Tennessee implement youth and adult educational programs to build the knowledge and skill sets of producers and youth. However, Extension agents differ in areas of expertise, leaving some counties with minimal ability to provide 4-H horse project members with sufficient content knowledge while agents in other counties are more well versed in equine-specific areas. Youth (n = 224) competed in the 2021 regional 4-H Hippology contest across the Eastern (n = 59), Central (n = 93), and Western (n = 72) regions. Youth competed within their age divisions, where junior (grades 4 and 5, k=60 where k represents number of participants within each age division), junior high (grades 6 to 8, k = 100), and senior (grades 9 to 12, k = 100) divisions competed in written exam and slide identification phases. Contest scores from the Tennessee regional and Eastern National 4-H Hippology contests were used to determine areas of knowledge deficiency. Nutrition, tack, selection, health, and breeds were categories identified as areas in which 4th – 12th grade youth lacked adequate knowledge and a training program and new curriculum was developed and delivered to county extension agents. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS v9.4 (Cary, NC). Differences were found when comparing across question category (P < 0.0001), age group (P < 0.0001), and year (P < 0.0001). Nutrition questions were most often missed by senior and junior high youth (k = 7.8, 51.94%; k = 7.5, 44.22%) whereas junior youth missed training questions most frequently (k = 4.9, 54.14%). Of the 5 deficient topic areas, selection questions were the lowest percentage missed by senior and junior high youth (k =5.9, 36.81%; k = 7.1, 39.53%) whereas junior youth missed health questions least frequently (k = 4, 39.87%). It was found that training status had no significant on scores from year to year (P >0.05). Despite the lack of training effect, these findings still prove valuable when assessing performance upholding the extension mission of delivering science-based information to the next generation of industry professionals.

The Puerto Rico community engagement alliance (PR-CEAL) against COVID-19 disparities: outreach and research engagement efforts in disproportionately affected communities.

In September 2020, the National Institutes of Health acted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, recognizing the critical need to combat misinformation, particularly in communities disproportionately affected by the crisis. The Community Engagement Alliance (CEAL) emerged as an initiative dedicated to fostering reliable, science-based information, diversity, and inclusion; aiming to implement effective strategies to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 nationwide. One of the teams participating in this initiative is Puerto Rico-CEAL (PR-CEAL). Our whose goal was to raise awareness about the coronavirus disease and advance research, mainly focusing on vulnerable and underserved populations. This concept paper seeks to outline PR-CEAL's infrastructure during its initial two cycles, providing insights into the research and community engagement activities designed to enhance prevention, counter misinformation, and foster awareness and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. Ultimately, our objective is to reflect on the strengths and challenges encountered thus far as we endeavor to sustain this robust infrastructure, addressing ongoing public health issues with a forward-looking approach.

A CFD study on the effect of portable air cleaner placement on airborne infection control in a classroom.

The utilization of portable air cleaners (PACs) is a recommended supplemental approach to help remove airborne pathogens and mitigate disease transmission in learning environments. To improve PAC effectiveness, science-based information is needed to optimize their implementation strategies such as the deployment location, height, and number of PACs. In this study, we developed a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to assess how PACs perform in occupied classrooms equipped with displacement and mixing ventilation systems. The results show that PACs with a flow rate of 2.6 h-1 reduce the mean aerosol intake of all students by up to 66%. A key benefit of using PACs is to facilitate air mixing and movement in indoor environments with inadequate ventilation, thereby effectively reducing high aerosol concentrations near the infector. Furthermore, our results highlight the impact of PAC location on its performance. PACs achieve the best effectiveness when placed closed to the infector (within a distance <3 m). In the absence of knowing who is infected, deploying a PAC at the center of the room is recommended. Moreover, adjusting PAC flow discharge height to the breathing height of occupants (e.g., 0.9-1.2 m for seated people) can enhance their effectiveness in spaces with poor air mixing.

Improving climate risk preparedness - Railroads in Norway

Climate change affects all sectors of society due to changes in temperature and precipitation patterns and will continue to do so in the foreseeable future. Extreme weather events are already more frequent and intense, generating additional costs for businesses nationally and globally. Climate risk disclosure and management can be challenging due to the complexity of climate impacts and unpredictability of extreme events’ occurrence and location. To address the need for a systematic approach to manage physical climate change, this paper presents a ‘preparedness framework’ for a comprehensive physical climate risk assessment, which is inspired by the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures’ (TCFD) framework and based on interviews with representatives from the financial sector in Norway and Sweden on their management of climate risks. We analyze railroads in Norway as a case study due to the sector’s sensitivity to flooding events and heat stress. After assessing Bane NOR’s management of risk associated with flooding and heat stress, we discuss potential improvements regarding knowledge, strategy, management, and tools and metrics at a general level, emphasizing the benefits of improving capacity to handle climate change and the importance of contingency plans. The preparedness framework has helped identify strategies and actions that can reduce vulnerability to climate change impacts. We suggest that this checklist is sufficiently general to be applicable for other sectors and countries. Practical ImplicationsTransportation is one of the sectors that may be significantly affected by climate change, and this includes railroads and train travel. Heavy rain events, dry spells, extreme temperatures, and freeze–thaw events can cause problems for railroad operations. We have therefore chosen railroads in Norway, with Bane NOR as the state-owned organization responsible for the administration of the network, as an insightful case for examining the climate risk and vulnerability to climate change. We introduce a ‘preparedness framework’ as a tool for identifying and handling climate risk. The preparedness framework aims to combine science-based information with the user context and their needs according to their activity and vulnerability to climate change impacts. The framework can highlight Bane NOR’s general potential to reduce vulnerability and improve resilience to withstand negative impacts caused by climate change. Building resilience is paramount to business continuity, and involves climate stress-testing, precautionary action, better information carrying less uncertainty, capacity building, and contingency plans in the case of climate-related disturbances affecting train operations. This requires efficient monitoring, closer attention to weather forecasts, good maintenance, as well as implementing measures such as lowering the speed limit for trains in high-risk situations. Contingency plans include provision of alternative transportation when tracks are blocked. We envisage that the preparedness framework’ checklist can be applied to other sectors than railroads and other countries than Norway.

The Other Side of Love: Tactics of Emotional Manipulation in Romantic Relationships

Emotional manipulation in romantic relationships is a subtle form of controlling a partner through emotional pressure, inducing feelings of guilt, blackmail, ignoring, passive-aggressive behaviors, and other manipulative tactics. However, it is often invisible, elusive, and difficult to prove, which additionally makes this form of abuse highly dangerous. Emotional manipulation can have serious consequences on an individual's mental health, including increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. It can also lead to reduced self-confidence, feelings of helplessness, and a loss of control over one's own life. To raise awareness about the harmful effects of emotional manipulation, both for the quality of the romantic relationship, and for the mental health of the individual, this paper presents scientifically-based information on this construct, and describes some of the most common tactics of emotional manipulation, which are used in romantic relationships. Through scientific and professional discussions and education, society can become better informed about emotional manipulation, and create an environment in which victims feel safe to express their issues and seek help.

Improving the Use of Weather and Climate Information for Farm Decision Making in Victoria, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines

Weather and climate are crucial factors that greatly influence the agricultural sector, especially in the decision-making process of farmers. A recent study conducted in the municipality of Victoria, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines aimed to evaluate the utilization of climate and weather forecasts in farm operations. The study collected primary data through a household survey using a structured questionnaire, with a total of 324 randomly selected respondents based on Cochran's formula. The findings of the study revealed that a significant majority of farmers, approximately 85%, are aware of climate change. This awareness is heightened by their perception of long-term changes in climate, particularly in rainfall patterns. Farmers recognize and acknowledge the impact of climate change on their agricultural practices. When it comes to obtaining information about weather and climate, the study found that television is the primary source for most farmers. This highlights the importance of broadcasting accurate and timely weather forecasts to ensure farmers stay informed and prepared. Furthermore, the study discovered that weather and seasonal climate forecasts, along with long-term climate projections, significantly influence various farm operations. These operations include the selection of rice varieties, timing of seed sowing, application of fertilizers and pesticides, water management, harvesting and storage, and even selling decisions. The reliance on science-based information is crucial for farmers as traditional knowledge alone is no longer reliable in the face of changing climate conditions. Based on the study's results, it is evident that farmers in Victoria, Oriental Mindoro, require access to science-based knowledge, particularly accurate weather and climate forecasts. The study emphasizes the need for reliable information and other agricultural-related climate services provided by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). Such services can significantly contribute to improving decision-making processes at the farm level.

The value of societal values in finance

Purpose The purpose of this study is to consider the limitations of traditional finance and to provide an overview of the challenges associated with the developing area of sustainable finance. In the context of multiple global systemic threats to humanity, the author argues that societal values must play a prominent role in calling for comprehensive government policy and activating the fund allocations required to safeguard the stability of multiple societal systems. Design/methodology/approach This study integrates research results from several disciplines to show that value-based finance is essential for ensuring that information acquisition, government policies and fund allocations support the stability of multiple systems on which society depends. The discussion is informed by research that documents massive uncertainty in planetary and biological processes requiring urgent action. Findings Traditional finance allows prioritization of financial returns at the expense of environmental and social stability with potentially catastrophic and irreversible consequences. To safeguard the stability of societal systems, fund allocation decisions by individuals and organizations must prioritize societal values, as they relate to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the science needed to achieve them. Originality/value This study provides a novel view of the critical importance of societal values in finance given growing global threats to the stability of multiple, interconnected systems. It offers a unique perspective by drawing on research results from multiple disciplines to highlight an essential role for science-based information related to societal values in the engagement and fund allocation decisions of all market participants operating under extreme uncertainty.

The Knowledge Intensification of Agriculture

Federal funding for agricultural sciences was initiated with the passage of the Morrill Act in 1862. Since then, the need for science-based information to support our knowledge-intensive agricultural and food systems has grown substantially, and continues to grow, in all farm and food systems. Transformative developments in the disciplines of plant microbiology and plant pathology have led to an increased pace in research and application of knowledge in soil ecosystems and phytobiomes, precision agriculture, and more sophisticated tools for the manipulation of plant genetics. Appropriate federal support remains critical to our robust farming and food systems. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .