Schools In South Korea Research Articles

A Study on the Prerequisites for the Complexity Adaptive System of Elementary Schools in South Korea

A Study on the Prerequisites for the Complexity Adaptive System of Elementary Schools in South Korea

Benefits and Feasibility of Using Videos to Assess Medical School Applicants\u2019 Empathetic Abilities in Multiple Mini Interviews

PurposeWe sought to evaluate the feasibility and benefits of using video-based scenarios in Multiple Mini Interviews (MMIs) to assess candidate’s empathic abilities by investigating candidate perceptions and the acceptability, fairness, reliability, and validity of the test.MethodsThe study sample was candidates for admission interviews held in the MMI format at a medical school in South Korea. In this six-station MMI, one station included a 2-min video clip of a patient-doctor communication scenario to assess candidate emphatic abilities, whereas paper-based scenarios were used in the other stations. Candidate’s perceptions and acceptability of using the video-based scenario in the empathy station were examined using a 41-item post-MMI questionnaire. Fairness of the test was assessed by means of differences in candidate perceptions and performance across different demographics or backgrounds. Construct validity was assessed by examining the relationship of candidate performances in the empathy station with those in other stations. The G-coefficient was analyzed to estimate the reliability of the test.ResultsEighty-two questionnaires were returned, a 97.6% response rate. Candidates showed overall positive perceptions of the video-based scenario and they found it authentic and interesting. The test was fair as there were no differences in candidates’ perceptions of the patient-doctor relationship presented in the video clip and neither in their performance nor in their perceived difficulty of the station across demographics or backgrounds. Construct validity was established as candidate performance in the empathy station was not associated with that of any other stations. The G-coefficient was 0.74.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that the video-based scenario is a feasible tool to assess candidate’s empathy in the MMI.

Who wants to be a scientist in South Korea: assessing role model influences on Korean students’ perceptions of science and scientists

ABSTRACT Students from Eastern countries score well on international assessments in science yet lack interest in pursuing science careers. Several factors play into students’ perceptions of science and scientists, including their home life and attributes of the society in which they live (habitus and capital). One understudied means of examining this issue is exploring the extent to which these perceptions relate to students’ role model ideations of scientists, especially among non-western student populations. This paper explores 159 South Korean students’ perceptions of science and scientists at two private K-12 schools in South Korea using an adapted form of the Draw-a-Scientist Test. Using the motivational theory of role modeling (MTRM) as a theoretical framework, data was coded from surveys using the three MTRM constructs: goal embodiment, attainability, and desirability. Comparisons were made between schools, genders, across age ranges, and from their direct and indirect knowledge sources of scientists using thematic coding and chi-square analysis. Reported sources of scientists were predominantly sourced from popular media. Although the results suggest no significant difference between how science role models were perceived or ideated between schools or genders, sampled students viewed scientists as embodying goals of intelligence with low ideations of attainability and desirability.

Creation of an instructional model in a community of practice and its impact on relationships between members

ABSTRACT Background: Over the last two decades, communities of practice (CoPs) have been regarded as an effective approach for teachers’ professional learning within physical education (PE) literature. There has been increasing academic interest in the instructional model approach as a way to overcome the limitations of traditional PE pedagogies. However, despite PE teachers’ positive attitudes towards instructional models, they have been found to have some difficulties employing them. Fortunately, some studies have identified positive impacts of sharing the same instructional model in the CoP on teachers’ professional learning. Yet, while the improvement in teachers’ teaching practice, which could be regarded as the outcome of participating in a PE-CoP that shares the same instructional model, was identified in previous studies, a question of ‘which detailed aspects in terms of sharing the instructional model can contribute the outcome’ has not been answered. Furthermore, it is necessary to explore that how sharing the same instructional model is connected with other areas of the CoP at a theoretical level. This study examines a CoP created in 2003, in which a professor developed an instructional model and secondary school PE teachers implemented the model in their respective schools in South Korea. We chose this CoP as a case study because it lasted over 10 years, and members shared the same instructional model. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore aspects of sharing the same instructional model in the CoP and its impact on the relationships between members. Methods: Eight secondary school PE teachers and a professor participated in this study. Data were collected through 58 individual interviews with the teachers and the professor, a focus group with teachers, and 41 observations (37 PE lessons and 4 CoP meetings). A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to analyse the data. Findings: A shared instructional model created in the CoP effectively helped members to form a strong bond, which ensured the sustainability of the CoP. However, a limitation was that the professor, who originally developed the instructional model, was too heavily involved in decision-making, which weakened the teachers’ autonomous professional learning. Hierarchical relationships between the professor and teachers in the CoP were partly rooted in cultural aspects in South Korea. Although the PE teachers understood the importance and influence of the professor, they hoped that he would return to taking on a facilitator role. Conclusions: This study indicates that creating and cultivating a PE-CoP with a shared instructional model can help in making strong bonds among members and sustainability of the CoP. Two different roles of the professor and its impact on relationships between members and teachers’ autonomous professional learning was also discovered. However, further research is needed to explore the dynamics of teachers’ empowerment and the role of cultural aspects, which might influence the relationships among the CoP’s members.

수요자 설문을 통한 중학교 생활중국어 온라인 수업 활성화 방향 고찰

On April 2020, all of the schools in South Korea has started the new semester online owing to the outbreak of COVID-19. Focusing on the Chinese language online classes, this study has surveyed 273 students attending middle school in Suwon city and 30 teachers who teach Chinese language in middle school. In specific, the survey has looked into the satisfactions and demands regarding the current online classes and also investigated whether adopting Robert M. Gagne’s 9 events of instruction as an online educational model is suitable. According to the survey, this study has come to the conclusion that Gagne’s 9 events of instuction theory is an efficient model to for the students to be motivated and to do self-directed learning online. While Robert M. Gagne’s 9 events of instruction may be one of them, constant researches are required to find out more efficient and effective online educational models.

Development and Implementation of a "Music Beeps" Program to Promote Physical Fitness in Adolescents.

This study aimed to develop a physical education fitness program for adolescents to counteract the declining physical activity levels caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to investigate the program’s effect. This mixed-methods study developed and implemented a five-component “Music Beeps” (MB) program to promote adolescents’ physical fitness. A total of 240 students from two high schools in South Korea—divided into experimental and control groups—participated in 32 sessions over 16 weeks. The changes in students’ fitness were analyzed, and the educational effects were examined via inductive analysis of the observation logs and group and in-depth interviews. The results demonstrated that, whereas the comparison group demonstrated no statistically significant changes in power, muscular strength and endurance, or cardiopulmonary endurance, the experimental group showed changes in all these variables, along with changes in flexibility. Further, the MB program had significant educational effects. First, students reported that musical cues enhanced their fitness motivation and sense of responsibility. Second, record-keeping and active participation contributed to self-led fitness management. Third, activity in a small space with few pieces of equipment led to the positive perception that the program was efficient and enabled regular exercise regardless of climate conditions.

Psychometric evaluation of the Korean version of the work readiness scale for graduating nursing students

<h2>ABSTRACT</h2><h3>Background</h3> Newly hired nurses are expected to rapidly assimilate into the workplace and fulfill professional nursing roles. The Work Readiness Scale for Graduate Nurses (WRS-GN) comprehensively measures the work readiness of new nurses by assessing their work competence, personal work characteristics, social intelligence, and organisational acumen. <h3>Aim</h3> To translate the original English WRS-GN into Korean and evaluate its psychometric properties with South Korean graduating nursing students. <h3>Methods</h3> A descriptive cross-sectional study included 251 graduating nursing students from four nursing schools in South Korea. The WRS-GN was translated into Korean using a parallel blind technique and followed by a cognitive interview with 10 nursing students. The recruited participants completed an online survey containing the Korean versions of the WRS-GN and Casey-Fink Readiness for Practice Survey (CRPS). <h3>Findings</h3> Confirmatory factor analysis identified a four-factor model with a satisfactory fit, in line with the original English scale. There was a moderate correlation between WRS-GN and CRPS scores (γ = 0.675, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The internal consistency reliability of the Korean WRS-GN was very high, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95. Factors associated with work readiness of graduating nursing students were reasons for choosing this career path and nursing school. <h3>Discussion</h3> The work readiness of graduating nursing students differed by the schools they attend. Nursing educators need to design nursing curricula that can effectively prepare future nurses to successfully transition to the workplace and pursue this career path. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The Korean version of the WRS-GN demonstrated reliability and validity in the assessment of graduating nursing students' readiness to enter the nursing profession.

Attributes associated with person-centered care competence among undergraduate nursing students.

Person-centered care is widely recognized as a promising practice to improve patient care quality. However, little is known about the competencies of nursing students who are essential to providing high-quality person-centered care. In this study, relevant attributes, including professional nursing competence, empathy, and self-awareness, were examined in relation to person-centered care competence among South Korean nursing students while controlling for individual characteristics, including age, gender, religion, and academic performance. Data were collected from 213 senior students enrolled in four nursing schools in South Korea from November 15 to 30, 2017. The mean age of the nursing students in the sample was 23 years. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analyses while accounting for the students nested in their schools. Professional nursing competence and empathy were strongly associated with person-centered care competence among nursing students. Of the five aspects of professional nursing competence, human understanding and communication skills were the most likely to be associated with person-centered care competence. Moreover, there were few variations across nursing schools in the levels of professional nursing competence. Our findings corroborate the importance of developing better communication skills and empathy to improve and maintain person-centered care competence among nursing students who belong to a new generation.

Analysis of the Effect of School Organizational Culture and Professional Learning Communities on Teacher Efficacy

Introduction. The aim of the study is to find ways to expand teacher efficacy by examining how the teacher’s efficacy varies according to the school organisation culture and the level of the professional learning community. Materials and Methods. Survey methods were used to collect the data from 400 in-service teachers at elementary, middle, and high schools in South Korea, with five schools selected from each region, respectively. This study utilizes the data from 359 teachers. This study used a random sampling method, taking the location of the school into consideration. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the overall trends in school organisation culture. T-test was used to examine differences among research variables depending on the personal background of gender and teacher level, and the F-test and Scheffe tests were used for school level and teaching experience. Results. First, school’s organization culture is transforming and evolving into a more ideal and model culture. As schools increasingly transform into innovative schools, innovative cultures and group cultures gradually form. Second, a school is a type of organization system that elicits responses elicits a variety of responses from the teachers depending on their personal background and characteristics. Third, professional learning communities have a positive effect on teacher efficacy. Therefore, school organisation culture can be seen as a better predictor of teacher ef ficacy than a professional learning community. Discussion and Conclusion. The article is of interest to the managers of the school educat ion system.

“It’s not like this here”: teaching a Youth Lens in South Korea

PurposeThis paper aims to identify challenges in a first attempt at teaching the Youth Lens in a secondary English classroom in South Korea.Design/methodology/approachThis paper includes the author's observations of a senior English class in an international school in South Korea.FindingsThe author advocates that intersections of time, geography and culture have a significant influence that cannot be ignored when teaching about adolescence. Additionally, when bringing a Youth Lens into the classroom teachers need to be prepared to fully embrace its embedded questions of power between youth and adults.Originality/valueThis paper extends existing academic conversation on a Youth Lens to include both an international setting and instances in which the teacher is not of the majority demographic in the classroom.

I Teach Nursing as a Male Nursing Educator: The East Asian Perspective, Context, and Social Cognitive Career Experiences.

Social and cultural backgrounds, as well as understanding, play key roles in workforce development and human resource shortages, which are associated with the transition to nursing education and teaching from frontline nursing practices. A qualitative method, with the direction of the general inductive approach, was employed in this study. The researcher collected information from 18 male nursing educators who switched their senior roles (from the frontline and practicing fields to nursing education) at nursing schools in South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China, and Malaysia. Three interview sessions were used to collect information. Three themes were merged from the information: (i) gender-oriented knowledge, teaching and learning; (ii) respect; and (iii) health promotion. More importantly, participants advocated that their male roles and identities provided uniqueness to patients, students, parents, and the general public concerning Asian customs and practices. Based on the social cognitive career theory, personal goals and achievements of career satisfaction took important roles. Although the general public may not agree with these career decisions, due to gender and social biases, participants continued to contribute their energy and knowledge in the health and social caring professions.

Stability of the gross motor function classification system in children with cerebral palsy for two years

BackgroundThe prognosis of gross motor function is a major concern for therapy and intervention in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The classification system for gross motor function, the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), is actively studied because it could be useful in the communication between professionals and families. This study aimed to verify the stability of GMFCS over 2 years in children with CP aged 2–12 years.MethodsThe GMFCS level of 100 children with CP who underwent rehabilitation therapy in hospitals or who attended special elementary schools in South Korea were collected in the study. The agreements across three measurement points were analyzed in these children.ResultsThe weighted kappa coefficients were statistically significant (p < .05). The coefficients ranged from 0.690 to 0.789 in children with CP aged 2–12 years. The lowest coefficient of 0.557 was observed in children with CP aged 2–4 years between the first and third measurements points.ConclusionsThe results provided evidence of GMFCS stability for the first year and change of the GMFCS during the two-year study period in children aged 2–4 years. Moreover, the findings indicate that the stability of GMFCS varies with time, duration, and age. It is recommended that GMFCS assessments be performed periodically, which are even more necessary for children with CP aged 2–4 years.

Teacher community for high school mathematics instruction: strengths and challenges

This paper reports changes of the quality of instruction and students’ attitudes towards mathematics at one high school during 3 years while teachers participated in a teacher community. The setting for this research was a small-sized high school in South Korea with 154 students and three mathematics teachers. I analyzed the teachers’ mathematics classes based on types of interaction, types of questions, and mathematical quality in instruction. Their students’ responses for the National Assessment of Educational Achievement study about attitudes towards mathematics were also analyzed. The findings show that this school, over all, improved the mathematical quality and changed the types of questions and the types of interactions towards students’ participation in discussing, exploring, and probing mathematical meanings. The students’ attitudes towards mathematics became more positive throughout the 3-year period. However, the changes in each teacher’s mathematics instruction were different. This study discusses the challenges of having an effective teacher community and researching teachers as learners.

The effect of participation in a popular band program on students’ musical and extra-musical outcomes in Korea

The increased attention to the use of popular music within the classroom is not new. In fact, music educators in many countries have discussed the incorporation of popular music into mainstream music education for decades. South Korea is no exception, and the younger generation has a genuine interest in and sensitivity toward popular music. Yet, South Korea has been slow to incorporate popular music into its mainstream school music curriculum. Recently, the popular band has been gaining its popularity as a new kind of ensemble program inside and outside the school in South Korea. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a popular band program, the “Little Bob Dylan Band,” on students’ musical and extra-musical outcomes. Thirty-five students participated in the program, and, in this study, both students and their parents completed a survey and were individually interviewed. Results indicated that the program enabled students to have new and deepened musical experiences in their lives. In addition, students were able to develop artistic originality through an integrated curriculum that involved cooperation with peers while creating and playing music together.

A Study on Semantic Concepts of Epistemic Modals

According to the taxonomy of English modals by Hofmann (1966) and Palmer (1990), the present study aimed at examining Korean EFL teachers’understanding and teaching experience of semantic concepts of epistemic modals. For the data, a total of 42 teachers enrolled in the English education program at 2 graduate schools in South Korea participated in an online survey. Of the participants, 18 participated in a face-to-face interview. The findings revealed that the teachers’ understanding of English epistemic modals was very low, indicating 11.92% of accuracy rate on average. In particular, their understanding of expressing speakers’ positive inference showed the lowest accuracy rate (0%). Regarding the teachers’ experience of teaching epistemic modals, the survey indicated that more than 60% of the teachers had teaching experiences. However, the teachers merely focused on forms and meanings, not functions. Importance of being aware of the semantic systems of epistemic modals, which were to express a hierarchy for logical meanings, was discussed.

The everyday politics of English-only policy in an EFL language school: practices, ideologies, and identities of Korean bilingual teachers

ABSTRACT Many stakeholders tend to believe that native English-speaking teachers are more qualified and legitimized in teaching English only in English in the EFL context. Considering the theoretical importance of language ideology in understanding pedagogical practices, this study takes the approach that the proactive adaptations of the English-only policy into contemporary EFL classrooms are ideologically driven. Drawing on data from ethnographic fieldwork at an English-only language school in South Korea, this study examines the ways in which Korean bilingual teachers at the school interpreted, valorized, or challenged the monolingual policy in and out of classroom. While the school required Korean bilingual teachers to stick to the English-only policy, they showed different responses to the school's policy in terms of students using their first language and the expansion of the English-only policy beyond the classroom. Results suggest that the teachers’ everyday practice of the English-only policy is a complex process of negotiating interconnected ideologies and identities related to native-speakerism, gendered nationalism, and professionalism. The academic need for the local and ethnographic understanding of the language policy and its professional implications for nonnative English teachers are discussed.

ЭЛЕКТРОННЫЕ УЧЕБНЫЕ ИЗДАНИЯ ПО ИСТОРИИ РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ПРОЦЕССА ОБУЧЕНИЯ

The article points out the importance of electronic books for digital izing education. It touches upon a brief story of appearance and development of electronic books, the experience of their implementation in schools in South Korea, Finland, the United States of America, and the Russian Federation. During COVID-19 pandemic online format of education has become universal at schools and revealed new contradictions and problems. Also, it highlights the main advantages of electronic books (multimedia possibilities, relevance, individual approach, wide use of media materials etc.) and the main disadvantages (compatibility with different operating systems, mechanical fragility, the price of a device). The Author talks about the plot, structure and level of complexity and different versions of a textbook). The article demonstrates the key phases of the creation process and distinctive features of Shatalov school’s electronic books and, their conformity to requirements of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. The focus of this earticle is that the content of electronic books corresponds to learning how people absorb information, the laws of natural perception of information and a student’s cognitive abilities. The article justifies the idea that text in an electronic book should be brief, easy to read, should actively use bearing summaries and bearing signals. The article analyzes methods of variable repetition of educational data in an electronical textbook and self-assessment. It demonstrates its multimedia possibilities in full, widgets from iBooks Author and methods of its implementation to electronic books. The conclusion of the article demonstrates that an e-bookalong with a special software is a key element of an informational and education alenvironment. The use of electronic books is one of the ways to shape students’cognitive activities and digital hygiene. The Author arrives to the conclusion that a rational combination and complex application of printed and electronic books in school education is necessary

German Language as L3 in South Korea

All around the world, there is a perception that German proficiency brings better employment capabilities and class mobility. South Korea is no exception to this belief, with German language being used all over the country for white-collar job employment or even promotions. Over the years, the study of the German language has been enhanced by the country’s Ministry of Education by aggressively developing policies to support this course. To make sense of the situation of the German language in South Korea, and extensive information about the education system, German schools in South Korea and the status of German in foreign language learning is given. This article expounds on the past, recent, and future situation of German language learning in South Korea as well as brief history of the German language learning, policies surrounding the language and educational practices in South Korean schools. The article gives a clear perspective on how various factors have led to the promotion of German language and culture in South Korean society.

A Study on Layout of Cultural Programs in the &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Chinese Language&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

In this paper, the analysis and statistics of cultural programs in the two volumes of the Chinese Language are carried out on a qualitative and quantitative basis according to the eighth course syllabus. The selection of cultural programs in both texts and cultural column part is also studied and explored together with the relationship between the texts and the cultural column part. In addition, cultural vocabularies in the teaching materials are screened by adopting the generally acknowledged theory of “four-level cultural structure”, and the distribution proportion of such vocabularies is counted as well. The results show that: this series of textbooks are simple and old-fashioned in terms of cultural contents and also there is a lack of comparison between South Korea and China. In the end, aiming at these problems, this paper provides specific advice about the compilation of Chinese textbooks for senior high schools in South Korea.

Determining the Seismic-Retrofit Priority for School Facilities

This study aims to identify the influencing factors determining the seismic-retrofit priority before implementing seismic-reinforcement projects for elementary, middle, and high schools in South Korea. Seismic reinforcement factors of school facilities are classified into evacuation, user, facility, and local risks. The factors that affect the evacuation risks are mechanical/electrical equipment, building fire performance (fire grade), evacuation obstacles, hazardous installations, spatial distance, transportation, and playgrounds. The user-risk factors are urban and other areas, number of classes, number of students, and school ranking. The facility risks include structural factors, construction materials, building types, number of floors, and building-scale factors. The local-risk factors are the presence of fault zones and past seismic areas. The risk types and weights of the influencing factors are calculated based on a hierarchical structural model of seismic-retrofit priority. Facility risk accounts for the highest weight followed by user, evacuation, and local risks. To determine the seismic-retrofit priorities, the influencing factors are used to evaluate school facilities. This study provides the scope, index, five-point scale, and decision-making criteria for school-facility evaluation before implementation of seismic-retrofit projects. Keywords: School Facilities, Seismic Retrofit, Priority, Influenced Factor, Weight