School Tuition Research Articles

Pharmacy School Affordability for Pharmacy Technicians From 2004 to 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the trends in pharmacy technician wages relative to pharmacy school tuition and fees for the first professional year (P1) from 2004 to 2022, and to assess the affordability of pharmacy education for those currently employed as technicians in a pharmacy. MethodsThis observational cross-sectional study used data from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics to calculate median disposable incomes for pharmacy technicians and the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Tuition Trends Database to calculate cumulative sums of P1 in-state tuition and mandatory fees for pharmacy students. The primary outcome was the national change in the tuition affordability ratio, defined as the comparison of median disposable income with median total tuition and fees for P1. Changes in the tuition affordability ratio for the most affordable programs in each state were analyzed as a secondary outcome. ResultsThe study found that from 2004 to 2022, the median disposable income of pharmacy technicians nationally increased from $20,103 to $33,255, while median P1 tuition and fees rose from $13,223 to $36,183. The median tuition affordability ratio decreased from 1.52 in the 2004–2005 academic year to 0.92 in 2022–2023, indicating a 40% reduction in affordability. State-specific analysis revealed varying affordability ratios, with only Pennsylvania and Rhode Island showing an increase in affordability. ConclusionThe study highlights a significant decline in the affordability of pharmacy education, raising concerns about the economic barriers faced by prospective pharmacy students and calling for a reevaluation of financial strategies within the field.

The Relationship Between Religion and Public Schools in the United States: An Introductory Brief

The United States of America (USA) has no official religion, and its constitution establishes a separation between state and religion. Hence, public schools should maintain such a separation in their relationship to religion. However, historically, legally, and politically, this has been difficult, contentious, challenging, and complicated. Secularism has served as a balance to protect schools from religious intrusion and religion to keep the state from influence and control at bay. This paper briefly explains the seemingly watershed moment created by the US Supreme Court ruling enabling families in the state of Maine to obtain subsidies in the form of school vouchers to be applied toward tuition in religious private schools, thus breaking a legal tradition of denying public funds for their use for tuition covering of educational institutions sponsored by religious organizations. This paper introduces different dimensions for analyzing these relationships and explains a few legal and educational developments, legal rulings, and students’ rights.

School SPP Payment Information System Multiuser Based

In the current era of globalization, computer users are increasing greatly. Almost every job in school institutions uses computer tools, as is the case at SMA PGRI 1 Purwodadi which is located on Jl. R. Soeprapto No. 34 really need to use a computer. Especially in the school library section which has not been able to utilize sophisticated computer technology in recording school tuition payments. The problem that is often encountered is that in the data processing process, errors are still found during recording in carrying out tuition payment transactions because they are still processed manually by recording them in the book one by one so that the resulting school tuition payment calculations are less accurate. With these problems, the author tries to formulate the problem, namely how to create a computerized school tuition payment program and use a multiuser-based program at SMA PGRI 1 Purwodadi in order to process data more quickly with a minimum error rate. In writing this thesis, the author used Visual Basic 6.0 software and the data base used Microsoft Access

Development of Web-based Application for Private School Tuition Fee Management with Prototyping Model

Private schools need help in handling school fees and financial processes. Traditional manual payment systems result in data processing issues, delayed financial reporting, and complications from misplaced records. Late fee payments threaten school income, which is crucial for staff salaries. Modern solutions are imperative. Desktop applications have limitations, requiring installation on specific devices, leading to compatibility concerns. This research opts for a web-based application. It employs prototyping models and predictive abilities using the Naïve Bayes algorithm. The web-based application aims to streamline fee management and predict payment delays, enhancing financial transaction management while prioritizing data security through database encryption. This web-based solution aligns with private schools' operational needs, simplifying payments and increasing late payment prediction accuracy. Extensive black-box testing validated its suitability, satisfying administrative staff needs. Four test cases gained administrative team approval. This innovation empowers private schools to optimize operations and financial management. In summary, the research tackles critical financial challenges private schools face by introducing a web-based application that simplifies payment processes, enhances accuracy in predicting late payments, and aligns seamlessly with administrative needs.

7 A Comparison of Performance of Educationally Disadvantaged Non-English-Speaking Participants on a Category Verbal Fluency Test using English or the First Language

Objective:South Africa has a multi-lingual population where fewer than 10% of the population speak English as a first language. This poses a challenge regarding language usage for a verbal fluency task. This study investigated the difference in number of words produced by independent groups of non-English examinees required to produce words in English, or in their first language, on a category verbal fluency task.Participants and Methods:A study on South African non-English first language participants was conducted using the Category Verbal Fluency test (animals) for a sample of nonclinical adults (N = 264) aged 18-60 years with 8-12 years of disadvantaged (poorly resourced) quality of education. Participants either had an African indigenous first language, or Afrikaans (a Dutch derivative) as a first language. The data were derived from one group of either African indigenous or Afrikaans first language participants who were required to use English for word production (Group A English) (n = 159; African indigenous n = 135; Afrikaans n = 24) and another group of participants who were required to use their first language (Group B First Language) (n = 105; African indigenous n = 83; Afrikaans n = 22). The comparative data were stratified for age ranges 18-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50 and 51-60 years. Level of education was broadly equivalent across the comparative groups. T-test analyses compared the number of words produced between the English versus indigenous African groups, and English versus Afrikaans first language groups for each age category.Results:The comparison for the indigenous African first language participants, revealed no significant differences in word production for words produced in English or first language regardless of age. In the comparison for the Afrikaans first language participants there was a highly consistent tendency for better word production in Afrikaans than in English. These results indicate that socio-cultural factors may be influential for English language proficiency on a verbal fluency task, rather than the effect of first language usage “per se”.Conclusions:Since the dismantling of the Apartheid system in South Africa thirty years ago, English has become the main language used in government and business and is the preferred language of tuition in schools for those speaking English or an African indigenous language, whereas during the Apartheid era, two official languages were used for government, business, and schooling (Afrikaans and English). Currently, many Afrikaans speaking individuals continue to have Afrikaans as the preferred primary language of tuition in the schools and it persists as the preferred language for use in many Afrikaans dominated business arenas. This study attests to a high level of English fluency amongst those South Africans with an indigenous African first language, who clearly are as fluent in word production using English as they are when using their first language, in contrast to the indications for Afrikaans speaking individuals. Practitioners need to be alert to sociocultural factors that can impact on the optimal use of language in test situations, which may not necessarily be the first language.

Neutrality and School Choice: Two Cheers for Carson v. Makin

In 2022 the Supreme Court decided the case of Carson v. Makin, a First Amendment free-exercise case centering on the constitutionality of the exclusion of religious schools from Maine’s school tuition assistance program. In a 6–3 decision, the Court held that the exclusion of religious schools violated the Free Exercise Clause of the Constitution. The dissenting opinion of Justice Breyer, in contrast, argued that the State acted within its power in excluding religious schools from the program. Notably, both opinions appeal to the concept of neutrality to justify their decision. In this article, I analyze the role neutrality plays in the case. I argue that the concept of neutrality does not operate as an absolute standpoint from which it is possible to judge whether public aid to religious schools is justified. Finally, I conclude that the majority’s opinion will result in further litigation.

Sarah Morgan Bryan Piatt and the Double Time of Motherhood

Sarah Morgan Bryan Piatt and the Double Time of Motherhood

Deseret Hospital, Women, and the Perils of Modernization

Deseret Hospital, Women, and the Perils of Modernization

Quality of school tuition

Quality of school tuition

Classifying High School Scholarship Recipients Using the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm

YBM PLN UIWS2JB provides scholarships for high school students who cannot afford school tuition due to poverty or other economic conditions. Since the target is specific, the foundation must carefully select the recipients to ensure the scholarship is granted to those who deserve it. The predetermined criteria combined with the limited quota available become a difficulty in itself as a large number of applications are coming in. Data mining with a classification method using the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm is believed to be one of the alternative solutions to solve this problem. This study aims to examine how this method could help in the selection process to determine who is eligible to receive the scholarship, and it also aims to evaluate the algorithm's performance with the optimal K value. The findings of this research showed that the classification method using K-Nearest Neighbor is the potential to be applied in a case such as this. The results found an accuracy of 91% in the selection process and are included in the Excellent Classification category. The optimal K value obtained is K = 5.

Out-of-State Students at State Medical Schools and Increasing Medical Education Debt.

Medical school tuition has increased at alarming rates ahead of inflation over the past 20 years. The authors investigated whether state-funded medical schools have had an increased number of out-of-state matriculants, which may create a diaspora of displaced in-state medical students matriculating to out-of-state programs and incurring substantial debt. Publicly available data from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) were accessed from 2004 through 2019 for applicants and matriculants at U.S. state-funded schools. Schools listed as public that reported tuition charges in the AAMC Tuition and Student Fees reports were included in this study. The numbers and trends of medical school applications and trends in tuition costs and average indebtedness were summarized for in-state and out-of-state matriculants. Values were analyzed by group as median and interquartile range (IQR). Group differences were assessed via t tests. P values less than .05 were considered statistically significant. From 2004 through 2019, the annual number of out-of-state matriculants in state-funded schools increased 7% (16%-23% [7,195-11,144]). Among 74 schools with data in 2004, the median percentage of out-of-state applications increased from 60% (IQR, 31%-74%) to 80% (IQR, 57%-85%; P < .001), and the median percentage of out-of-state matriculants increased from 13% (IQR, 5%-23%) to 17% (IQR, 11%-33%; P < .001). In 2004, the mean (standard error) debt upon completion of medical school (inflation adjusted to 2018 dollars) was $144,100 ($10,950); by 2016, the mean debt had increased to $251,600 ($32,040), a 75% increase over 12 years. Since 2004, substantial increases have occurred in out-of-state matriculants at state-funded medical schools. This may displace residents from attending their in-state schools, causing them to attend out-of-state or private medical schools, where tuition is typically much higher.

Effect of Schooling on Anemia and Nutritional Status Among Women: A Natural Experiment in Ethiopia.

This study estimates the effect of length of schooling on anemia and nutritional status and evaluates the cost-effectiveness of primary schooling as an anemia intervention for women of childbearing age in Ethiopia. In 1994-1995, Ethiopia abolished primary school tuition fees and embarked on a large-scale educational investment program, which increased primary school enrollment and retention. An instrumented regression-discontinuity design was used to examine the effect on anemia risk and body mass index (BMI) of an increase in length of schooling resulting from the reforms, as a natural experiment. Anemia and BMI biomarkers and demographic data for 13,984 women were obtained from the 2011 and 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys, with the 2019 Mini Demographic and Health Survey used for robustness checks. Results indicate that each additional year of schooling reduced anemia risk by 3 percentage points (9.2%-11.2% reduction) and increased BMI (weight (kg)/height (m)2) by 0.26-0.42. Primary education was cost-effective-based on World Health Organization cost-effectiveness thresholds-as an anemia intervention, with a cost per anemia case averted of US$1,654. The findings suggest that investment in education reduces anemia risk later in life.

Aplikasi Pembayaran Iuran Sekolah Katolik Yayasan Sagrado Coração de Jesus Berbasis Web

The Sagrado Coração de Jesus Foundation is a formal educational institution that manages 58 Catholic schools in the Maliana Diocese of Timor Leste. In dealing with the payment of fees, Catholic schools under the Sagrado Coração de Jesus Foundation still use books to record payment transactions. These transactions must be carried out at the foundation, and it takes a long time to record transactions in the book so that it becomes a problem faced by the foundation, schools, and parents of students. A web-based school tuition payment application is needed by the Sagrado Coração de Jesus Foundation to handle the school's tuition payment activities on behalf. The use of website media makes it easier for parents to show proof of payment without having to come to the foundation. Applications that are built can also speed up the process of recording the payment of contributions by foundation employees. Based on the research results, the Web-based application for payment of tuition fees for Catholic schools at the Sagrado Coração de Jesus Foundation makes it easier for parents and foundations to make payment transactions more efficiently and quickly.

Poverty, health, human development, government, education

The purpose of this study is to determine the economic impact of the productive zakat infaq sodaqoh (ZIS) movement based on indigenous wisdom and the use of "coin cans" on the residents of Simping Village, Malang Regency. The Zakat Collector Network (JPZIS) carried out the program campaign for ZIS in Simping Village, Malang Regency. It is one of the local non-profit organizations under the guidance of Lazis NU which accommodates the receipt, management, and distribution of zakat and infaq for the local community with the program "coin cans." This study used a quantitative descriptive method through allocation to collection ratio (ACR) and a logit test. This study uses data from the financial statements of the JPZIS Simping Village, Malang Regency, and the people who have received this program. The results showed that the productive ZIS movement program "coin cans" using the ACR method effectively distributes it. Additionally, the logit test indicates that distribution effectiveness has a positive and significant effect on recipients' income, consumption, and education. The community primarily uses the effect of this income to cover basic daily expenses and school tuition. On the basis of the foregoing analysis, it can be concluded that the ZIS movement is based on indigenous wisdom. If managed professionally and effectively, many regions can use it to boost their local economies.

Distribution of Education Savings Account Usage among Families: Evidence from the Florida Gardiner Scholarship Program

ABSTRACT Education savings accounts (ESAs) are education funding mechanisms that allow families to receive a deposit of public funds to a government-authorized savings account for accessing approved educational services. Using student-level longitudinal data, this paper examines how families participating in the Florida Gardiner Scholarship Program use education savings account funds. Results indicate that families use an increasing proportion of ESA funds when students remain in the program for multiple years. The longer students remain in the program, the share of ESA funds devoted to private school tuition decreases while expenditure shares increase for curriculum, instruction, tutoring, and specialized services. Although students in rural areas use a lower portion of their ESA funds than families in urban and suburban areas, they spend smaller portions of their funds on tuition and appear to customize more.

Pembiayaan Pendidikan Formal Tingkat Dasar

According to the constitutional mandate, it is obligatory to provide education for citizens. To provide quality education, a large amount of funding is needed. The education budget of 20% of the APBN is not sufficient to provide education for all citizens who have the right to education. The private sector is expected to participate in providing education. The government provides financial assistance to support private schools that need it. The research was conducted qualitative methods. Data collection was carried out through literature study, then completed with interviews and observations, to see the conditions that occurred. Funding sources for basic level formal education institutions consist of school tuition, government assistance (BOS) and assistance from the community. However, not all elementary schools can take advantage of these three sources of funding. Public schools do not charge tution, there are private schools that have not or have not yet received BOS. Based on these sources of funds, schools prepare estimates of cash receipts and disbursements. Then a pro forma balance statement is prepared, to see the profit or loss that will be experienced. After that, schools already have budget implementation guidelines or RAPBS.

To the Editor: Holistic Approach to Resident Selection May Eliminate Potential Biases Associated With USMLE Step 1 Pass/Fail Scoring System.

We read with profound interest the article by Ganesh Kumar et al1 highlighting trainee perspectives regarding the use of a United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) pass/fail score in place of the traditional 3-digit numerical scoring system for resident selection in graduate medical education (GME) residency programs. The authors surveyed a diverse cohort of residents, fellows, and medical students, inclusive of US allopathic (MD) students, US osteopathic (DO) students, and international medical graduates (IMGs) in 2020. A total of 11 633 trainees (7254 residents/fellows and 4379 medical students), 14% of which were underrepresented in medicine (UiM), responded to the survey and provided insights on this controversial subject. The authors emphasized in their discussion that, although 35% of the respondents supported the proposed USMLE Step 1 pass/fail scoring system, 44% of the survey respondents disliked this system. US allopathic medical students and UiM trainees were the most supportive of a USMLE Step 1 pass/fail scoring system. In contrast, many non-UiM, DO, and IMG respondents felt that they would be at a disadvantage. Regarding the secondary outcome measure that a USMLE Step 1 pass/fail scoring system will reduce socioeconomic disparities in resident selection, it was fascinating to read that UiM medical students primarily supported this hypothesis. We applaud the Vanderbilt University investigators for performing this study, which provides GME leaders with vital data as we transition to a USMLE Step 1 pass/fail scoring system.In the United States, GME is at a crucial crossroads regarding resident selection. Historically, USMLE Step 1 scores have served as a benchmark for screening resident candidates, especially in highly competitive programs. Although USMLE scores may reflect some degree of inherent knowledge, the preparation required to excel on the examination may also depend on socioeconomic factors. Medical students often take multiple preparation courses, such as the PASS Program and Kaplan, to improve their content knowledge and test-taking skills for the USMLE examinations. Many of these are high cost, and in an era of rising medical school tuition costs, access may be limited to students with adequate financial resources. Students from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds may have lower USMLE Step 1 scores because of reduced resources. For this and other reasons, the decision to move to a USMLE Step 1 pass/fail scoring system was made. However, as found by Ganesh Kumar et al,1 trainees who responded to this survey had varied perspectives—a significant subset of these respondents, particularly DO and IMG trainees, were skeptical of this transformation. As a result, we caution GME leaders to be thoughtful with this new binary USMLE Step 1 pass/fail scoring system, because it may introduce additional implicit biases against DO and IMG applicants. It may be helpful to remove credentials that could encourage implicit bias, such as the MD, DO, or IMG designation when reviewing an applicant.The critical question now becomes: How will residency admission committees identify top-level applicants in the era of a USMLE Step 1 pass/fail scoring system? We believe that using a meritocratic, holistic approach to residency admission, inclusive of letters of recommendation, the binary USMLE Step 1 pass/fail score, medical school transcripts, trainee experiences, personal attributes, interview performance, and barriers encountered during their education and training, can identify the best and brightest medical students for residency programs.2 Hopefully, this holistic approach to resident selection will eliminate ingrained socioeconomic disparities that may hinder UiM students from joining competitive residency programs.

SISTEM INFORMASI PEMINJAMAN BUKU PERPUSTAKAAN DI SEKOLAH BERBASIS CLIENT SERVER

In the current era of globalization, computer users are increasing. Almost every job in school institutions uses computer aids as well as in SMP N 1 Salatiga which is located on Jl. R. Soeprapto No. 34 really need to use a computer. Especially in the school library which has not been able to take advantage of the sophistication of computer technology in recording school tuition payments.&#x0D; The problem that is often encountered is that in the data processing process errors are still found at the time of recording in making SPP payment transactions because they are still processed manually by being recorded in the books one by one so that the resulting calculation of school tuition payments is less accurate.&#x0D; With these problems the author tries to formulate a problem, namely how to make a computerized program for paying school tuition and using a multiuser-based program at SMP N 1 Salatiga in order to process data more quickly with a minimum error rate. In making this thesis, the author uses Visual Basic 6.0 software and the data base uses Microsoft Access.

Greek Tragedy or Gestation Period: Future of the Modern Church in Greece

Greek Tragedy or Gestation Period: Future of the Modern Church in Greece

Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Animaker Sebagai Alternatif Pembelajaran

This sudy aims to prove the effectiveness to develop and video animaker based on the learning as an alternative. The use animation on the learning process to enrich the creativity of teachers in the technology. Probem that happens on the teaching and learning process in the Study groups Darussalam Mosque or KB- MDS is since pandemic Covid-19 thar requires school tuition run online where they need learning media who does boring and interesting. Research used model of Research and Development (R&amp;D). Subject this researched was 20 students in Study groups Darussalam Mosque or KB MDS. The result of research conducted at the evaluation indicate the success of as many as 92,25% can be categorized as very high. The teaching material digital use some help animaker application is consideres effective for use by the teacher.