School Of Economics Research Articles

Digital Platforms As a New Interaction Environment: Review of the Scientific and Practical Seminar and Results of the Expert Survey

The article provides an overview of the scientific and practical seminar “Digital platforms as a new interaction environment” held on April 23, 2024 at the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation and the results of the expert survey. The seminar was attended by representatives of Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Kutafin Moscow State Law University, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Siberian Federal University, National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University” and others. The presentations of the seminar participants are systematized according to the most relevant thematic blocks related to the functioning of digital platforms: general issues of legal regulation of digital platforms; the impact of digital platforms on human rights; digital platforms in public administration; digital platforms in private law, criminal law and other spheres. The following legal issues are highlighted: the essence of the digital platform from the perspective of law; the impact of digital platforms on the economy, public administration, human rights and changes in their scope and content; risks arising from the activities of digital platforms; digital platforms and antitrust regulation; network effect in the activities of digital platforms; labor relations using digital platforms; protection of labor rights and digital platforms; the risk of discrimination related to the activities of digital platforms.

Региональные аспекты современной государственной политики в сфере среднего профессионального образования (на примере Иркутской области)

The issues of implementation of the state policy in the field of secondary vocational education at the regional level are considered. The changes in the educational priorities of Russian youth concerned the growing popularity among young people of secondary vocational education are described. The phenomenon of the growing popularity of vocational education in different countries is described. The so-called “effect of vocational education” is analyzed, which manifests itself in removing obstacles in the process of transition of young people from educational process to the labor market, finding effective mechanisms for this transition. It is revealed that the issues of transformation of secondary vocational education are actively studied by Russian scientists. The activity of scientific centers (the Centre for Vocational Education and Skills Development of the National Research University Higher School of Economics and the Federal Institute for Educational Development of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) is described. In the article the main directions of the federal policy in the field of upper-grade vocational education investigating this issue are analyzed. Separate stages in the implementation of this policy are highlighted. It`s considered the specifics of the implementation of federal policy at the regional level. The implementation of the regional policy in the field of upper-grade vocational education was described using the example of the Irkutsk region.

Правові засади державного контролю за міжнародними передачами товарів подвійного використання

Background. The need to control international transfers of dual-use goods remains an urgent need of the entire International Community in the twenty-first century, as such processes are accompanied by the risk of obtaining these goods by international terrorist groups, international criminal organizations and governments of states against which restrictive measures have been introduced. The purpose of the article is to provide a theoretical justification for the administrative and legal model of state control over international transfers of dual-use goods. Methods. In the course of the study, the author used the general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, as well as the formal legal method. Results. The analysis of the study, conducted by representatives of the Kyiv School of Economics and the Yermak-McFaul International Working Group, resulted in the identification of the necessary information on the volume of imports by the aggressor state of certain types of dualuse goods, as well as on the routes of supply of such goods. As it turned out, a third of such imported goods were manufactured by companies registered in states that have imposed certain restrictions on such transfers and many of which are parties to the Wassenaar Arrangement. It is worth noting that this agreement does not provide for the exchange of information on transferred dual-use goods (except for those covered by the Sensitive List and the Very Sensitive List). The existence of a provision establishing the need to exchange information on international transfers of all dual-use goods to states that are not parties to the specified export control regime will encourage governments of member states to strengthen national control over international transfers of such goods. Conclusions. Several conclusions and proposals have been developed to improve the regulation of state control over international transfers of dual-use goods. In particular, the need for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine to develop, first, draft amendments to the Wassenaar Arrangement's founding documents to launch the exchange of information between member states on the transfer of all dual-use goods to nonparties to the agreement, and, second, a plan to reach consensus with other member states on the implementation of such amendments.

Os Argonautas como um clássico da Sociologia: Malinowski e a história recente da Nova Sociologia Econômica

Abstract This essay was presented at the tribute to Bronislaw Malinowski, 100 years after the publication of The Argonauts of the Western Pacific organized by the Department of Social Anthropology of the London School of Economics. Its objective is to reflect on the exchanges between sociology and economic anthropology in different academic contexts and how these dynamics generate different conditions for the field of the "new" economic sociology to recognize The Argonauts as a classic. Unlike the academies of the center of the global anthropological system, the interpretation that is presented here illuminates the favorable conditions that occurred in the Southern Cone - particularly through the influence of Brazilian anthropology and, especially, the role played by the Nucleus of Culture and Economy of the National Museum - in generating this recognition.

Październik 1956 roku w Wyższej Szkole Ekonomicznej w Sopocie i Wyższej Szkole Pedagogicznej w Gdańsku

The Higher School of Economics in Sopot and the Higher School of Pedagogy in Gdansk were universities established just after World War II and strongly ideologized in the 1950s. The purpose of this article is to reconstruct the events that took place during the October transition at both universities and also to identify the changes these events led to at party meetings. The introduction discusses the history of the WSE in Sopot and the WSE in Gdansk from the time of their establishment until 1956 and outlines the elements of ideological pressure applied to employees and students. An analysis of the minutes of university bodies (staff meetings, Senates) and party bodies at the universities (POP and KU PZPR) and above the universities (KM PZPR in Sopot, KW PZPR in Gdansk), memoirs of students and employees, and newspaper articles were used to achieve the goal. The changes that took place at the universities were primarily concerned with democratization, greater openness in discussion (while remaining faithful to broad Marxist ideology), changes in the conceptual instrumentarium and criticism of both the USSR and national and university authorities. Virtually all groups comprising the WSE and WSP academic community were involved in the 1956 changes, albeit to varying degrees and in different forms. Employees were more involved at meetings of university and party committees, while students were involved at rallies and in the forums of youth organizations.

«Рыльский имянной гражданин», Гаврила Державин и «горестная вдова»: надгробие Григория Шелихова в Иркутске и мемориальные практики в России конца ⅩⅤⅢ – начала ⅩⅠⅩ века

The article discusses memorial practices at a cemetery, i.e., the practices that represent earliest attempts to communicate a late person’s status and his/her lifetime deeds. The tombstone is considered as a set of elements containing semantic load (epitaphs, visuals, design features, etc.), which help to consolidate the image of a de-ceased person. The gravestone of Grigory Shelikhov, an Irkutsk merchant known for organizing expeditions to Russian America and founding the North-Eastern Company, is selected as a notable example. This monument was constructed on the territory of the Znamensky Monastery of Irkutsk in 1800. It combines typical features as well as some unique elements of gravestones of the late 18th – early 19th centuries (such as indicating poetic epi-taphs authorship and the cost of the tombstone, as well as an unconventional image of Empress Catherine II). The authors explore the features of Grigory Shelikhov’s tombstone and the historical context around the Shelikhovs’ activities after the merchant’s death. They demonstrate that the tombstone was an attempt to demon-strate the role of the deceased in establishing the future Russian-American Company. The Shelikhov family used the monument as a tool to secure their right to control the company and to signify the family’s social capital at the local level. The authors make use of field research database “Memorial Culture in Russia: Tombstones of the 18th – 20th Centuries”, collected at the National Research University Higher School of Economics.

РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ В СУБЪЕКТАХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Digitalization is a key factor in sustainable development and a guarantor of national security in the long term. The basis of digitalization is the introduction of digital technologies (DT) into the business practices, models and processes of organizations. Stimulating their implementation and use is one of the components of managing digital transformation at the federal and regional levels of government. The paper aims to study the interregional and intraregional features of digitalization of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation by analyzing the use of digital technologies in organizations of the constituent entities and federal districts of the Russian Federation, characterizing the 1st, 2nd and 3rd levels of development of the digital economy. The research hypothesis is that the digitalization of organizations in the Russian Federation is determined by regional affiliation. The methodological basis and research methods included, firstly, statistical methods – relative range indicators and correlation-regression analysis, time series analysis; secondly, multivariate comparisons and the distance method. The statistical base was made up of the data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and static collections of the National Research University Higher School of Economics. The author's results include an analysis of the features of digital technologies that underlie the 1st, 2nd and 3rd levels of development of the digital economy, and the development of an integrated approach to the analysis of regional features of digitalization in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The research determined temporal trends and disproportions in the use of central heating in 8 federal districts of the Russian Federation according to the data for 2011–2022. A ranking rating of 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation was carried out on the use of central heating in 2021 and a map of digitalization of the Russian Federation was constructed. It has been revealed that the use of DT in organizations of the Russian Federation is largely determined not by interregional, but by intraregional features. Hence, methodological support for digital transformation strategies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the composition of priority areas and projects is of particular importance.

Results of the XI-th International Conference "Multidimensional statistical analysis, Econometrics and modeling of real processes" named after S. A. Ayvazyan

On June 24-25, 2024, Moscow hosted the XI-th International conference "Multidimensional Statistical Analysis, Econometrics and Modeling of Real Processes" named after S. A. Ayvazyan, organized by the Central Economic and Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in cooperation with the Moscow School of Economics of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Yerevan State University and the Armenian Mathematical Society. The review describes the main results presented in the breakout reports in two sections.

Propaganda aspects of cultural liberalization in the conflict between the Western and Communist systems

The author examines the processes of transformation of Western culture during the conflict between the West and the East (1949-1989); the determinism of these changes and neoliberal economic transformations that began in 1970s. The subject of the research is the technology of using cultural phenomena and scientific research in order to promote the ideology of globalism. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the genesis and development of the cultural transformation of Western society, the connection with the neoliberal economic paradigm of the Chicago School of Economics and the transition of power in Western countries to a new generation of globalist politicians. The material under study is reports of the Trilateral Commission, the Club of Rome, the IMF, Senate commissions, and the laws. The analysis of factual material is carried out by descriptive, analytical historical, systematic, comparative methods using abstracts and quotations from scientific literature. The scientific novelty of this article is to identify a new vision of the determinism of the stages of globalization: the cultural liberalization of Western society in the 1960s and 1970s, the neoliberal economic revolution of the 1970s and 2000s and the modern stage of globalization and the green agenda. The mechanisms of cultural liberalization, including three parallel youth revolutions in Anglo-Saxon countries, are shown, and the consequences of these revolutions, including the new values of the Western post-war generation, are analyzed. For the first time, the analysis of the report of the Club of Rome "The First Global Revolution" was carried out, new aspects of the ideological conflict between the communist and Western systems were identified and proposed for discussion. The data obtained are used to analyze the post-cold war: the unipolarity of the 1990s-2000s and the reverse process of regionalization that began in 2010s.

Special Issue on Securities Market: Governance, Instruments and Regulations for Sustainable Development

The National Institute of Securities Markets (NISM), along with the Systemic Risk Centre (SRC) at the London School of Economics (LSE), is organizing The Fourth Annual International Capital Markets Conference 2023 on "Securities Market: Governance, Instruments and Regulations for Sustainable Development" sponsored by State Bank of India.

Modeling the influence of social factors on the dynamics of gray wages

The problem of whitewashing wages of a significant share of Russians escalated during the pandemic, post-covid recovery and, especially, against the background of geopolitical shocks. The unprecedented expansion of state support measures provided targeted and officially has prompted entrepreneurs and citizens to get out of the shadows. Despite the obvious positive changes, the problem of salaries “in envelopes” has not eradicated itself: in modern publications, scientists return to it repeatedly. When assessing this socio-economic phenomenon, science relies mainly on methods of regression, panel analysis, instrumental variables, etc. In this work to assess the influence of social factors on the dynamics of gray wages we used the gradient boosting method, linear modeling, random forest and a naive Bayesian classifier. As the initial information, we used the results of the surveys of the Russian Monitoring of the Economic Situation and Health of the Population by Higher School of Economics, which are freely available. The result of the simulation is the dependence of the receiving wages method (official, “in an envelope”) on a number of factors. The organization’s industry affiliation, size, ownership, employee’s education, duration of vacation, satisfaction with professional growth and working conditions have the strongest influence. The applied value of the results obtained is the possibility of generating control effects, both at the state level and at the level of business entities in the direction of leveling the identified reasons for receiving gray salaries and reducing the scale of the hidden wage fund.

ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЙ КАПИТАЛ И ИННОВАЦИИ: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

The article is devoted to the study of the conceptual and methodological foundations and conceptual and categorical analysis of the definition of “intellectual capital”, as well as the economic evolution of its formation and development. The scientific heritage of scientists representing classical and neoclassical schools of economics is critically rethought, and a comparative characteristic of theoretical and practical results, developments and recommendations on the formation and management of innovative activities and intellectual capital of enterprises is performed. In the course of the study, the causal relationship between intellectual capital and innovation was revealed and the high importance of the function of managing innovation processes in modern high-tech economic entities of the knowledge-intensive industrial complex was determined.

Teachers on the Move: Understanding the New Model of Virtual Mobility Through the Case Study of a Russian University

Virtual mobility has emerged as a new tool for the internationalization of higher education with the advent of information and communication technology in the current scenario. With the outbreak of COVID-19, the landscape of global higher education has altered significantly. In that situation, when physical academic mobility became impossible, the Higher School of Economics, one of the leading universities in Russia, ran a unique digital internship programme for teaching staff from regional universities. In the logic of the digital identity model and push–pull model, the present research has analysed the profiles and motivation letters of 398 teachers from 73 Russian universities which took part in 15 internship programmes since March 2020. The present study fills a gap in the literature by examining how motivation and reasons for participation in virtual mobility may trigger the reduction of inequality in higher education. The findings of the present study revealed that the main reasons highlighted by the teachers for taking part in virtual internship programmes are mostly external and connected with the current tasks imposed by the Ministry of Higher Education and University management. Internal reasons are true mostly for teaching track when teachers are the agents of creating modern pedagogical methods for their courses. Thus, university teaching staff do not feel themselves as the drivers of change. The environment at the higher education level is not ready yet for significant changes.

The economics of cognitive institutions: mapping debates, looking ahead

Abstract In the philosophy of mind and cognitive science, there is a pronounced paradigm shift associated with the transition from internalism to externalism. The externalist paradigm views cognitive processes as not isolated in the brain, but as interrelated with external artefacts and structures. The paper focuses on one of the leading externalist approaches – extended cognition. Despite the dominance of internalism in economics, in its main schools, there is an emerging trend towards extended cognition ideas. In my opinion, economists might develop the most advanced version of the extended cognition approach: socially extended cognition based on cognitive institutions. This paper analyses extended cognition ideas in institutional, Austrian, and behavioural economics and identifies numerous overlapping approaches and complementary research areas. I argue that the economics of cognitive institutions is a promising field for all economic schools and propose a preliminary research agenda.

CONCENTRATION OF THE UKRAINIAN BANKING SYSTEM: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

The article examines the relevance of the issue of concentration of the banking system of Ukraine and identifies the main prospects for reducing the share of the state in the banking services market. The period from 2009-2022 inclusive was chosen for analysis and evaluation, which made it possible to identify the main trends and factors that influenced the growth and decline of such concentration indices as Herfindahl–Hirschman Index and CR in terms of the following indicators: assets, corporate loans, retail deposits, authorised capital, commission income, and interest income. The obtained calculations helped to determine the level of concentration of the domestic banking system. The purpose of the article is to allocate scientific approaches and carry out practical calculations to determine the degree of concentration of the banking system and to determine the need for its deconcentration. The results of the analysis demonstrate the growing scientific interest of both domestic and foreign economic schools in the problem of concentration in the banking system. However, it is worth noting that the peak of publication activity was observed in 2018-2020, with the top three countries being the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Malaysia. The results of the calculations showed that the number of banks in Ukraine does not have a significant impact on the level of concentration. With a fairly large number of banks in 2013, namely 180 institutions, there was a sharp increase in concentration, but a larger share of the market was controlled by private capital, but since 2017, a larger share of the banking sector has been owned by the state. The author notes that the concentration of market power by state-owned banks has led to the emergence of a monopoly, but transformational measures to reduce the concentration of the banking system should be carried out taking into account the existing financial and economic feasibility. Of course, there is a risk of ineffective management decisions by bank management, but it is the largest state-owned banks that demonstrate the sustainability and profitability of their activities.

МЕТОДИ АНАЛІЗУ ЧАСОВИХ РЯДІВ В КОНТЕКСТІ ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ВАЛЮТНОГО КУРСУ

The proposed article is devoted to forecasting the exchange rate using time series analysis methods. This study was conducted in 2 stages. At the first stage, the theoretical basis for forecasting the exchange rate based on the views of scientists of the post-Keynesian economic school was considered. Representatives of this school developed the Quarterly Projection Model, which is used for small open economies with a floating exchange rate and inflation targeting. In the Quarterly Projection Model, the factors affecting the formation of the exchange rate are considered. Such factors are GDP growth, the state of the balance of payments, NBU FX interventions, and the inflation rate. We separately investigated the impact of these factors on the exchange rate of the USD/UAH currency pair. For example, changes in GDP can directly affect the relative value of the hryvnia. The Key Policy Rate is a key instrument of the NBU's monetary policy. An increase in the Key Policy Rate can strengthen the hryvnia, while its decrease can lead to its weakening. Another factor affecting the exchange rate is the current account of the balance of payments. A small imbalance of this indicator (2–5% of GDP) is considered a standard phenomenon for many countries. An excessive current account deficit increases the risk of devaluation of the national currency. High inflation forces hryvnia holders to abandon it and switch to other liquid means of preserving real wealth, such as foreign currency. Therefore, a rather strong, rapid and constant increase in prices becomes the reason for a significant increase in the exchange rate. It is worth noting that the influence of these indicators occurs with a significant time lag. We used the Granger causality test to empirically analyze the causal relationships between the exchange rate and influencing factors. Empirical analysis has shown that the volume of NBU interventions, the balance of payments and the Key Policy Rate are significant and influential factors in the formation of the exchange rate in Ukraine. At the second stage, exchange rate forecasting was carried out using the vector autoregression (VAR) model. The application of the VAR model made it possible to investigate the complex interrelationships between economic indicators. Also, this model made it possible to take into account time lags and exogenous variables. The obtained results indicate the high adequacy of the vector autoregression (VAR) model in forecasting the exchange rate in the short- and medium-term planning periods.

Research on Effective Methods of Teamwork of Students at Can Tho University

The study was conducted to analyze the factors affecting the working efficiency of the student group at Can Tho University, and to propose solutions to enhance the student group's working efficiency at Can Tho University. 400 students from the School of Economics, the College of Rural Development, the College of Agriculture, and the School of Foreign Languages at Can Tho University participated in the study's survey. Specifically, the authors specifically utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to construct the data and test hypotheses in their research. As a result, the research reveals that Knowledge and skills, Attitude, Leadership, Relationships, The complexity of tasks, The workload of tasks, Science and technology, Support, and Teamwork Process influence the teamwork effectiveness. In addition, the paper point out the research’s limitations, thereby proposing research directions for related topics in the future.

Labor regulation of medical professionals in the universal health care system through the lens of health economics

Current events in the healthcare sector are aimed at amending the Labour Code, specifically section 93. Employees face more difficult working conditions as a result of this issue, despite the fact that this amendment is intended to protect them. The purpose of this thesis was to determine what information exists in academic, official, governmental, and discursive environments, as well as what relevant data can be extracted from the available sources to draw constructive conclusions. The entire subject is treated as a theoretical concept that analyses the situation from the standpoint of the Austrian school of economics and health economics and provides a useful perspective on the issue of health system regulation and reform.The findings reflect an opinionated reality that elicited a media response from the general public and medical personnel. There was an interim agreement on salary increases for doctors and non-medical staff in the health sector in this case. Although the Chamber of Deputies' action appears to be relatively settled, it is still practically unresolved whether doctors will be allowed to work up to twice as many hours of overtime, and although each 12-hour shift should be followed by eight hours of uninterrupted rest, we should probably brace ourselves for further possible Labor Code circumvention. Furthermore, it was noted that this and similar topics are rarely discussed in academic and scientific settings, and that there is a lack of a systemic perspective and evidence.

The importance of Erasmus+ student mobility in education for entrepreneurship in the example of the School of Economics and Office Technology of Bjelovar

Ovim istraživanjem nastoji se utvrditi stav učenika prvih, drugih i trećih razreda o važnosti Erasmus+ mobilnosti učenika u procesu obrazovanja za poduzetništvo na primjeru Ekonomske i birotehničke škole Bjelovar. Nakon uspješno provedenog prvog projekta, s ciljem upoznavanja učenika, nastavnici, prijavitelji projekta predstavili su provedene aktivnosti učenicima prvih, drugih, trećih i četvrtih razreda te učenicima osnovnih škola. Cilj je analizirati stavove učenika o utjecaju Erasmus+ mobilnosti učenika na obrazovanje za poduzetništvo koje će im omogućiti veću konkurentnost na tržištu rada i provedbu ovakvog oblika nastave u kojem se učenici upoznaju s međunarodnim trendovima. Empirijskim istraživanjem ispitali smo i analizirali stavove učenika koji nisu sudjelovali u Erasmus+ projektima te procijenili zainteresiranost učenika za buduće Erasmus+ projekte. Anketom je obuhvaćeno ukupno 180 učenika iz 12 razreda smjer ekonomist i upravni referent u Ekonomskoj i birotehničkoj školi Bjelovar. Obradom podataka prezentirana je učestalost pojedinih odgovora u anketi, pri čemu su odgovori bili ponuđeni u obliku skale od 1 do 5 te u obliku Likertove ljestvice. Pri obradi i prezentaciji podataka značajnih za temu znanstvenog rada korištene su različite metode znanstvenog istraživanja kao što su: metoda analize i sinteze, metoda komparacije, metoda klasifikacije, metoda indukcije i dedukcije, metoda deskripcije i metoda kompilacije. Prema empirijskom istraživanju većina ispitanika želi sudjelovati u Erasmus+ mobilnostima i smatra ih važnim u obrazovanju za poduzetništvo. Iz dobivenih rezultata došlo se do zaključka da bolja i učestalija prezentacija uspješno provedenih projekata može rezultirati postizanjem širih i međunarodno prepoznatih ishoda učenja u području poduzetništva. Istraživanjem je potvrđena radna hipoteza koja glasi: „Erasmus+ mobilnosti učenika unaprjeđuju razinu obrazovanja odgojno-obrazovnih ustanova za poduzetništvo”.

Return on Investment in Human Capital in Russia: Regional Aspect

The purpose of the article is to assess the return on investment in human capital in Russia in a regional context. To achieve this goal, based on the data of the Russian monitoring of the economic situation and health of the population of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, 2 specifications of the Mincer equation were assessed. The sample consists of individual questionnaire data for 9–30 waves (2000–2021). The general population is divided into eight sub-samples, each of which characterizes a federal district (FD). Several important results were obtained: the lowest return in the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD), this result is explained by the lack of jobs for highly skilled workers and the high level of corruption in the regions of the NCFD; rich FDs have a lower return on investment in HC than poor ones; the difference between the categories of respondents with incomplete secondary education and respondents with completed secondary education is insignificant; the highest return on higher education is in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD), as respondents with higher education from the FEFD receive 62.6 percent more than respondents with less than secondary education.