School Expenditures Research Articles

Delivery Performance of the Administrative Services as Perceived by School Heads and Teachers of El Salvador City Division

This study evaluated the administrative services in the El Salvador City Division Office for the 2021-2022 school year, focusing on personnel, cash, records, and supply and asset management. The research involved 15 school heads and 253 elementary teachers using a survey patterned from Executive Order No. 366. Statistical tools like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-tests were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that many school heads hold doctorate degrees and have 11-20 years of experience, typically in leadership roles such as Principal or Head Teacher. They have also participated in multiple training sessions. Teachers, however, generally hold bachelor's degrees, have less than 5 years of experience, and occupy Teacher I positions, with some engaging in training at various levels. Both groups rated the administrative services highly. A significant relationship was found between their profiles and how they assess administrative services, suggesting that the educational and professional backgrounds of school heads and teachers influence their perceptions of service effectiveness. The study recommends that the division office improve transparency by timely posting school expenditures and balances to enhance data communication for school heads and teachers.

The Development of a Web-Based School Expenditures Budgeting System Using The Agile Method

The Development of a Web-Based School Expenditures Budgeting System Using The Agile Method

Household welfare effects of ROSCAs

We examine the effects of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCAs) on household welfare in India. The identification strategy is based on household fixed effects and instrumental variables (using the geographic leave-one-out instrument). We find that ROSCA membership increases household assets, consumption, energy efficiency and school expenditure, but only in rural areas. Welfare effects are stronger for poorer households and for those living in communities with stronger social ties. We argue that the persistence and success of ROSCAs depends on social ties, which are often stronger in rural communities.

Prediction of Planning Value School Shopping Income Budget with Multiple Linear Regression

The School Expenditure Budget Plan or RAPBS is the pillar of school management for allocating the revenue budget and use of school funds to meet all school needs for one year. However, there are problems that occur in the management of the RAPBS, namely the difficulty of grouping the RAPBS data annually, making it difficult to predict the budget for the coming year. This research was conducted to study and implement the Multiple Linear Regression algorithm in predicting the value of data on income and expenditure budget plans which are a reference in planning future budgets. To support predictions of planned school budgets and income, BUMS data, Aid data, School Program Cost data, Original School Revenue data, Other Sources data, and Total Budget data are used. The prediction system method used consists of the planning stage, the analysis stage, the modeling stage, interface design, and implementation using the PHP and MySQL programming languages for database management and system testing and analysis. The results of testing the data analysis using the multiple linear regression method with SPSS software have a 100% result according to the manual calculations performed.

The Effect of Right to Work Laws on Union Membership and School Resources: Evidence from 1942–2017

In the Janus v. AFCSME (2018) decision, the U.S. Supreme Court mandated that all public sector workers, including teachers, operate in a Right to Work (RTW) framework. In the years since, teachers’ unions have not experienced the mass exodus that some predicted, but should we expect them to? Using an original, historical data set spanning 1942–2017, I examine the effect of prior RTW policies on teachers’ union membership and school expenditures. I find that RTW policies decrease teachers’ union membership by roughly 43% and reduce educational expenditures by nearly $800 per pupil. Importantly, effects take roughly 10 years to clearly materialize. Additional analyses provide support for the notion that effects on school resources are driven, in part, by effects on union membership.

The Effect of Internal Control on Funds Management by Privately Run Tahfiz Schools in Klang Valley

Mushrooming of privately run Tahfiz schools in Klang Valley in recent years has led to some schools being unable to sustain the school expenditures due to insufficient and inefficient funds management. There are instances whereby the contribution received from the public is being misused for the personal gain of the founder. The aim of this conceptual framework is to determine the relationship between internal control components with Thafiz School’s fund management. This study is to shed light on this aspect as limited prior research has discussed this issue. The results obtained are expected to facilitate the school’s management of fund management. Primary data is going to be collected using questionaries. Surveys are sent to selected privately run Thafiz schools in Klang Valley. Five components of internal control are going to be regressed against fund management using multiple regression analysis. The five components of internal control are control environment, risk assessments, control activities, monitoring, and information and communication. These components of internal control will be hypothesized against the fund management to determine the relationship. A positive relationship between the variables is expected. Future research is hoped to extend the survey to all privately run Thafiz Schools Malaysia-wide.

Does test-based accountability improve more than just test scores?

This paper estimates the long-run effects of school accountability on educational attainment by exploiting two sources of variation: staggered implementation of accountability across states and individuals’ exposure to accountability. I find 12 years of exposure to school accountability leads to an increase in the likelihood of graduating high school by 2.3 percentage points but has no statistically significant effect on college attendance or the likelihood of receiving a Bachelor's degree. However, racial heterogeneity shows Hispanic students experience a significant increase in the likelihood of attending college. I rule out changes in school expenditures and teacher characteristics as potential mechanisms and present suggestive evidence that schools are classifying more students as learning disabled. Lastly, accountability is more effective in conjunction with promotion gates.

Guidance counseling services expenditures at Texas schools: A multiyear statewide investigation

This study was conducted to determine the degree to which differences were present in the distribution of Guidance Counseling Services dollars spent per student at the elementary, middle, and high school levels for the 2009-2010 through the 2018-2019 school years in Texas. Texas statewide data were obtained from the Texas Education Agency Public Education Information Management System for 10 school years. Specifically targeted in this multiyear investigation was the expenditure, out of the total amount of available dollars, of monies toward providing guidance counseling services to students. Through the use of inferential statistical procedures, statistically significant differences were established. The amount of school counseling dollars spent per pupil were highest at the high school level, followed by the middle school level, and were lowest at the elementary school level. From the 2009-2010 school year through the 2018-2019 school year, expenditures for elementary, middle, and high schools across the State of Texas increased by only $60, $95, and $100, respectively. Implications and recommendations for future research were discussed.

Landed elites and education provision in England: evidence from school boards, 1871-99

I study the relationship between land concentration and the expansion of state education in 19C England. Using a broad range of education measures for 40 counties and 1,387 School Boards, I show a negative association between land concentration and local taxation, school expenditure, and human capital. I estimate reduced-form effects of 19C land concentration, geographic factor endowments, and the land redistribution after the Norman conquest of 1066. The negative effects on state-education supply are stronger where rural labour can easily migrate, where landowners had political power, is not offset by voluntary schooling, and not driven by a demand channel. This suggests that landowners opposed taxation in order to reduce state education provision.

Green with Envy? Heterogeneous Voter and Parent Preferences for Public School Expenditures and Teacher Salaries

In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, education policy debates have thrust a heightened focus on the provision of adequate school resources and on educator well-being and turnover, concerns particularly critical for school districts that serve large shares of economically disadvantaged students. In this article, we investigate voter and parent support for school spending initiatives in Missouri by analyzing data from two representative statewide surveys, one of the state’s voters and one of the state’s parents, focusing on total school spending and spending on teacher salaries. Missouri presents an especially salient setting in which to examine issues of equity in school spending, with below-average school spending and bottom-decile average teacher salaries. In this context, we investigate longstanding predictors of school spending support, including political ideology, alongside new hypotheses, including those pertaining to regional spending inequality and differences between voter and parent constituencies. While political ideology predicted school spending and teacher salary preferences, it did so more strongly for voters than for parents, an important consideration amid heightened political tensions in policy debates. Parent preferences, on the other hand, were more likely to be predicted by opinions of local and statewide school quality. Both voters and parents indicated sensitivity to regional spending inequality with respect to total school spending but not with respect to teacher salaries. Collectively, these findings may inform policymaking efforts in Missouri and similar prevailingly conservative contexts to use constituent preferences to guide legislative efforts.

The Relative Impact of Family Income Vs Per Student Expenditures on Education Outcomes in Washington

Since education is often attributed to reducing wealth inequality, the growing wealth inequality in the United States has led to concerns on how wealth might affect education outcomes. Research regarding socioeconomic and per student expenditures on education outcomes, suggest a correlation between student outcomes and wealth inequality. However, prior research has only been conducted on how these factors influence education outcomes individually, no research has been done comparing the relative impact of family income and per student expenditures on student outcomes. I used multiple linear regression to determine the relationship between wealth and student outcomes, and compare the effects of median household income versus per student expenditures. I found that median household income overall had a more significant influence on education outcomes than per student expenditures in Washington public high schools. These outcomes were measured by graduation rates of high school, enrollment into four-year education, and percent not enrolled in post-secondary education. While median household income was found to have a significant relationship with all education outcomes, per student expenditures only had a statistically relationship with percent not enrolled in post-secondary education. Thus, inequality in per student expenditures had a significantly less influence on college enrollment compared to what previous research suggested. This suggests targeting differences in education originating from differences in socioeconomic status would be more effective than focusing on programs targeted at per student expenditures. Therefore, this research holds implications for policy makers and school administrators looking to improve student outcomes in high school.

Red for Ed? Heterogeneous support for increased school spending in a conservative state

AbstractObjectiveFollowing the Red for Ed movement and recent pandemic‐era impacts on public school spending, we explore preferences for increased school expenditures in conservative political contexts, including total spending, teacher salaries, and taxation.MethodsExamining survey data from a representative sample of Missouri voters, including data from embedded experiments on the provision of school spending information, we estimate spending preferences using regression analyses.ResultsAlthough a majority of Missouri voters favor higher teacher salaries and maintaining or increasing total school spending, opinions vary significantly by political ideology and perception of local school quality. Preferences for modes of taxation are similarly heterogeneous. Voters are sensitive to the provision of information pertaining to school spending practices but insensitive to similar teacher salary information.ConclusionOur findings help inform policy deliberations in conservative settings, where though differences in spending preferences persist, the average opinion may still favor increased school spending and associated tax increases.

The Role of School Management Committees and Head teacher’s Effectiveness in Government-Aided Primary Schools in Luweero District – Uganda

Purpose: The study focused on the role of School Management Committees (SMCs) and headteacher effectiveness in government-aided primary schools in Luweero district, Uganda. The objectives of the study were (i) To establish whether School Management Committees (SMCs) monitored headteachers’ performance in the management of school academic programmes. (ii)To examine whether School Management Committees (SMCs) effectively monitored how headteachers utilized school funds. (iii) To assess whether School Management Committees (SMCs) monitored how headteachers managed discipline in their schools.
 Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional study design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches to data collection and analysis. A sample of 160 respondents comprising of head teachers and School Management Committee (SMC) members was selected using purposive and cluster sampling techniques. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) guides.
 Findings: The findings under the first objective revealed that SMC members did not effectively monitor head teachers’ management of academic programmes as all the responses scored below average(below 50%). As such the head teachers did not commit much of their time in ensuring that school academic programmes were effectively managed. Findings under the second objective revealed that SMCs’ performance in monitoring head teacher’s utilization of school funds was above average in regard to the preparation of work plans, approval of budgets and cash withdrawals while a dismal performance was reported in the approval of school expenditures and monitoring of accountability of funds. Under the third objective, the findings revealed that the SMCs performed above average in working collaboratively with the head teachers in attending to disciplinary reports, sanctioning errant teachers /pupils and disseminating measures of managing discipline to stakeholders while the performance was below average in the area of formulating school rules and regulations. The dismal performance of SMCs in some areas was attributed to capacity gaps, low motivation and conflicts within the school community.
 Recommendations: The study recommended that the district local government needed to organize workshops and seminars to equip SMC members with the requisite skills and knowledge in school monitoring and sensitizing them about their roles and responsibilities. It was also recommended that a minimum level of education and one’s integrity and contribution to community welfare be tagged to selection of SMC members.

Efficiency and Productivity of Local Educational Administration in Korea Using the Malmquist Productivity Index

As local governments around the world struggle to finance and deliver quality education under fiscal constraints, pressures mount to increase efficiency and productivity in order to obtain more output from the same or fewer resources. Focusing on the case of Korea, this study investigates the productivity of outputs in local offices of education (OEs) through the analysis of personnel and financial factors by year (2012–2016). Overall, the results indicate the efficient operation of the OEs in Korea. The Malmquist productivity index (MPI) mean decreased from 2012 to 2014, increased from 2014 to 2015, and decreased from 2015 to 2016. The rate of chronological change in each OE’s MPI showed the same pattern of change in the distribution ratio of school expenditures. Finally, the MPI had the same pattern as the Technical Change Index. Policy implications are provided.

Analysis of Operational Assistance School Fund Management

This study aims to analyze the application of the principles of the School Expenditure Management Budget Plan (RAPBS) in improving the quality of education at SMP Negeri 6 Tolangohula. This study uses 5 types of principles of financial management of BOS funds according to Ministerial Regulation No. 6 of 2021. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The method used in this research is observation, interview, and documentation.The results of this study are SMP Negeri 6 Tolangohula has implemented 5 principles of financial management of BOS funds properly, in accordance with technical guidelines and legislation on BOS funds, both physically and mentally. Flexibility, Effectiveness, Efficient, Accountability, and Transparency.

Per Student Expenditure and Learning Output in Science and Mathematics Subjects in Public Secondary Schools in Siaya County, Kenya

The Government of the Republic of Kenya has continued to increase expenditure to education to enable acquisition of learning resources. However, low learning outputs have continued to be realized every time secondary education summative evaluation results are released. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of per student expenditure on learning output in science and mathematics in public secondary schools in Siaya County, Kenya. The study was underpinned on the Education Production Functions Model by Hanushek (2008). The study employed convergent parallel mixed methods design. The target population for this study was 6175 comprising 247 principals, 988 teachers and 4940 students from the 247 public secondary schools in the study locale. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to select 376 respondents was used from 15 sampled schools. The average termly class mean scores were used to measure the students’ learning output in the schools. Questionnaires, interview guides and document analysis guide used to collect data on per student expenditure and learning output. Test re-test method was used to determine reliability of the instruments. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented in tables and graphical format, while the qualitative data was analyzed thematically and presented in quoted texts. The study found a positive linear relationship between per student expenditure and learning output. The coefficient of determination R 2 was established at 61.9%. In conclusion, schools which had appropriate resource inputs to meet quality learning requirements also had better learning output. Though nearly all the study schools fall short of the policy standard requirements with the predictor variable, the more the resources, the better the learning output in the schools. The study recommended that the national government should increase grant to cater for more school expenditure Keywords: Per Student Expenditure, Educational Expenditure, Learning Output, Secondary Schools, , Kenya. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/12-4-05 Publication date: February 28 th 2022

Peran Tenaga Administrasi dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Layanan Administrasi di MTs Hidayatul Muhisinin

Researchers are interested in researching this in order to find out: The Role of Administrative Personnel in Improving the Quality of Administrative Services at Mts. Hidayatul Muhsinin With the main problem: Activities and Role of Administrative Personnel in Improving Service Quality, Barriers in Improving Administrative Service Quality and Strategies in Improving Administrative Service Quality. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The main data sources in this study were school principals, Deputy Head of Curriculum, Finance Head of Administration and teachers obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that 1). The performance of administrative staff with the strategy implemented is to facilitate the payment or fee system that has been implemented since 2008, and maintain and manage school infrastructure facilities. The integration of the program from administrative staff with daily activities at school is still ongoing, although there are several obstacles in implementation. 2). The obstacles faced by schools in managing administrative services are archive warehouses that have not been optimal, a comprehensive database system has not been implemented and the preparation of the School Revenue and Expenditure Budget Plan still has difficulties related to costs that are not raised, existing facilities still have complaints from service users but complaints These complaints are not always handled quickly because they are related to the number of administrative staff. 3). Efforts are being made to overcome some of these obstacles, namely providing a letter of notification to parents to collect files immediately, increasing the payment of school fees to new students to cover the financing system that is not increased, so that each class pays school fees with different fees, the next strategy implementation of a system for controlling the condition of school facilities. The most important aspect that determines the success of an educational institution is the efficient implementation of all school organizational activities. The role of the administrative staff themselves in the school is very meaningful in supporting the smooth and successful administration of the school. Therefore, the administration must be able to carry out its duties and functions properly so that competence and expertise are needed to support the field of administration.

The Impact Of Social Infrastructure On Economic Growth In East Java Province

Introduction: The process of economic development emphasizes economic growth, in which the results at a certain time will provide an overview of economic activity and increase the level of welfare of the population. This study aims to determine how much impact of Expenditures for Elementary Schools, Expenditures for Junior High Schools, Expenditures for Basic Health Services, and Expenditures for Referrals on Economic Growth in East Java Province.Methods: . The method used in this research is panel data regression analysis with Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach.Results: Based on the results of the study, it shows that Expenditure for Elementary School , Expenditure for Junior High School , Expenditure for Basic Health Services have positive and significant impact on Economic Growth, meanwhile Expenditure for Referrals Services has a positive and insignificant impact on Economic Growth of East Java Province.Conclusion and suggestion: The local government is expected to increase economic growth in East Java Province by paying more attention to human development. Policies related to improvement in the field of education are needed by optimizing government spending to build supporting facilities for education that can support improving the quality of education. Other policies related to the health sector can be done by improving facilities and infrastructure in the health sector. This is because there are still remote areas that have limited facilities and inadequate infrastructure.

The effects of multiple welfare program participatifon on educational expenditures and time use: Evidence from the social safety net in China

ObjectiveThis study examined the effects of participation in multiple social safety net programs (in particular, Dibao and an education subsidy) on the educational expenditures and educational time use of middle school students in China. BackgroundChina’s social safety net is a comprehensive system consisting of means-tested cash transfer and supplementary assistance programs. This study offers insights into how multiple welfare program participation contributes to children’s educational development. MethodsUsing nationally representative data from the China Education Panel Survey, we adopted propensity score matching and adjusted regression methods to examine the effects of receiving only Dibao, only an education subsidy, and both programs relative to comparable nonwelfare recipients. ResultsOur results indicated that the combination of Dibao and an education subsidy reduced recipient families’ school expenditures. However, Dibao and an education subsidy did not have significant effects on out-of-school expenditures and children’s total time spent on educational activities. ConclusionThe combination of Dibao and education subsidy programs is an effective policy instrument to relieve the financial burden of school expenditures for low-income families, yet the effectiveness varies for relatively disadvantaged and advantaged children. Moreover, current social safety net programs in China may not be sufficient for increasing the time children devote to educational activities.

Identifikasi Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Hasil Akreditasi SMA di Indonesia Berdasarkan Data ARKAS

Accreditation is an indicator of the quality of education at the education unit level. One affects the quality of education units is the school budget. School budgets are prepared in order to fulfill 8 national education standards. School budget management uses School Activity Plan and Budget Application (ARKAS) developed by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Kemendikbudristek). ARKAS is an information system for managing school budget and expenditure planning. The Research is identifies the factors that influence the accreditation of high school (SMA) with accreditation as a response variable and 17 explanatory variables sourced from ARKAS and Dapodik data using ordinal logistic regression analysis. The best model stage is the model formed that has the smallest AIC value and has high model accuracy in determining the best model. The best model stage is the third model stage which is composed of 7 explanatory variables that affect the high school accreditation rating with AIC value of 1886,20 and model accuracy of 65,79%. The variables that affect to results of accreditation include school status, percentage of students eligible PIP, ratio of the number of students per number of teachers, percentage of teachers certified educators, ratio of the number of students per number of study groups, ratio of the number of students per number of computers, and ratio of the number of students per number of toilets