School Environmental Factors Research Articles

School Security Measures, School Environment, and Avoidance Behaviors

ABSTRACT Important aspects of the school context include the presence of physical security measures, especially those that focus on the monitoring and control of students such as security guards and security cameras, and social school environment factors, such as adult support and perceived fairness. Using data from the 2015 National Crime Victimization Survey – School Crime Supplement, the current study explored the relationships between school security measures in schools, school social environment factors, and student fear of crime and avoidance behavior. The results indicate that the school security measures and school social environment are associated with students’ fear of crime and avoidance, and they suggest that schools need to reconsider the use of security measures and to focus on fair development and implementation of school rules instead.

THE THEORETICAL BASES OF HONEST BEHAVIOUR IN HUMANITIES

The article analyses theoretically the approaches to understanding of honesty in psychology and pedagogy. It notes that honesty is considered as a personal moral quality manifested in sincerity, decency and truthfulness, fidelity to accepted responsibilities and principles. The modern world has a tendency to depreciate spiritual values. This is especially true for such values as conscience, honesty and honour. It is a characteristic today’s trend that many people do not even fully understand the essence of these values, while others are familiar with them only in words, forgetting to use them in business. Honesty for a modern person means less than a career or a successful business. In our purely materialistic world, pragmatism becomes the dominant ethical system in business. Honesty and truthfulness are important traits of a person’s character. They are closely related. However, honesty is a broader concept than truthfulness. It manifests itself not only in the fact that a person is truthful, but also in his/her behaviour at all, in attitudes to his/her responsibilities, to people around, to him/her and his/her behaviour. A truly honest person acts actively and not because of fear of condemnation, punishment and so on, but because of an internal need, a desire to do just that, and not otherwise. An honest person is demanding of him/herself, honest in front of him/herself, he/she does not make a difference between words and deeds. The main factors influencing the education of honesty are factors of family, school, teachers and social environment. Honesty characterises actions of an individual toward others, its basis is observance of social norms and rules, and therefore honesty is an individual manifestation of conscience in interpersonal relationships. Honesty is the basis of people's trust in each other. The studies of honesty, carried out in different traditions, note an important role of the motivational component for its development, as well as the phenomenon that we designate as “honesty” self-attitude. At the same time, honesty is considered as a moral and communicative personal quality; its structure is understood as a unity of three interconnected components: cognitive, motivational and behavioural. The article determines that honesty as a moral phenomenon can be described through four relatively independent aspects. The first one is honest behaviour. This is understood as voluntary observance of honesty rules, even if their violation promises a person certain benefits without punishment. Honesty is always associated with a free moral choice. The second aspect is related to personal motives and needs; here, the determining factor is an honest attitude to other people. The third aspect is cognitive one, including moral knowledge, ideas and judgments related to the honesty norm. It describes mastery by a person of various sides of honesty as a moral category: the content of the honesty norm, the requirements that it imposes on a person, the criteria of honesty - self-estimation and assessment of other people’s honesty. Finally, the fourth aspect is the experience of one’s own or someone else’s honesty in terms of self-awareness whether moral standards are observed, or vice versa, violated.

Cannabis and amphetamine use and its psychosocial correlates among school-going adolescents in Ghana

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of cannabis and amphetamine use and to determine its associated factors among school-going adolescents in Ghana.MethodThe 2012 Ghanaian Global School-based Student Health Survey on 3632 adolescents aged 11–19 years (mean = 15.1 years; SD = 1.4) was used. Participants for this study were sampled from selected junior (JHS) and senior high schools (SHS) in all the 10 administrative regions of Ghana. A two-stage cluster sampling design was used to select 25 senior high schools to represent all the 10 regions of Ghana. Information was collected with a self-administered structured questionnaire that contained information on demographics, alcohol, tobacco and other drug use, violence, and a range of other health-related behaviours.ResultsThe result showed that past-month cannabis use was 5.3% and lifetime amphetamine use was 7.1% among students. In multivariate model, after controlling for other variables, school truancy and current cigarette smoking were associated with both past-month cannabis and lifetime amphetamine use. The number of close friends was associated with only past-month cannabis use. School environment factors (bullying victimisation and having been attacked) and parental substance use were associated with lifetime amphetamine use.ConclusionThis study identified a number of risk factors, including parental substance use and various risk behaviours, for both past-month cannabis and lifetime amphetamine use. School-based health intervention programmes should be developed taking into consideration the risk factors associated with cannabis and amphetamine use among school-going adolescents.

The Implementation of Principal Managerial Competence for the Primary School Student Discipline

The principal has a significant role in coordinating, mobilizing and harmonizing all available educational resources in school. All these educational resources cannot run optimally without competent management by the principal. This study aims to describe the managerial competence of the principal at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (Islamic Primary School) Darul Masholeh of Cirebon City, West Java, Indonesia, the implementation of student discipline, and the factors that influence the implementation of student discipline. This research is qualitative research with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. The subjects of this study were principals, teachers, students and parents of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (Islamic Primary School) Darul Masholeh of Cirebon City, West Java, Indonesia. The research data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that principals have been able to build a good school system in improving the quality of education in their schools. Furthermore, the implementation of student discipline in schools has also been going well. As for the factors that influence the implementation of disciplinary students to include internal factors of students, school environmental factors, attention factors and parenting (family).

초등학생의 식생활과 식습관에 영향을 미치는 가정과 학교 환경 요인 탐색

초등학생의 식생활과 식습관에 영향을 미치는 가정과 학교 환경 요인 탐색

The hygienic background of activities concerning prevention of osteopenia conditions in school children

The article presents evaluation of input of indicators of school environment into complex educational load on students in comprehensive and innovative schools school. The cause-and-effect dependencies of development of traumatic injuries in children and adolescents of school age on character, intensity of impact offactors of school environment and style of life are established. The characteristics of impact of factors of school environment and style of life on condition of bone metabolism and relationship of revealed deviations with indicators of traumatic injuries of bone system of students are established.

Dental floss use among elementary school children and environmental factors; a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe onset of carious lesions and periodontal disease originates in plaque formed from dental bacteria. Appropriate plaque control is therefore important. Dental floss is one instrument used to control plaque. The influence of guardians is an important factor in whether children use dental floss regularly. However, the use of dental floss among school-age children and the relationship between use and family background has yet to be examined. AimIn this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey to examine rates of dental floss use and other related factors among elementary school children and their guardians. MethodsSurveys were sent to 298 guardians of children in grades 1–6 at an elementary school in Japan and 283 valid responses were received. Statistical analyses were carried out, with child’s use of dental floss as a dependent variable and grade, sex, guardian assistance with child's tooth brushing, frequency of child’s dental check-ups, and guardian's use of dental floss as independent variables. ResultsThe results revealed that 18.4% of children used dental floss compared with 52.7% of guardians, suggesting that the rate of usage among children is much lower than that among guardians. Logistic regression analysis further revealed that guardian's use of dental floss was significantly related to dental floss use among children. ConclusionThe guardian's use of dental floss was associated with dental floss use among their children in this group of Japanese elementary school.

School factors related to the emotional wellbeing and resettlement outcomes of students from refugee backgrounds: protocol for a systematic review

BackgroundSchools can play a vital role in the resettlement of refugee children and their families. Yet, the body of research examining school environmental factors that support the mental health and acculturation of refugee children is methodologically heterogeneous, investigates numerous and disparate school factors, and is often “hidden” in broader qualitative studies. This limits the capacity to apply the findings in a practical manner.MethodsBased on PRISMA statement principles, we review the relevant literature to investigate the relationship between school climate and the emotional wellbeing and resettlement outcomes of refugee students.Six electronic databases will be systematically searched: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAL, Web of Science, and ERIC, supplemented by a systematic review of the grey literature, relevant international websites, and sequential, site-specific internet searches. Finally, subject area experts will be consulted and backward and forward citation searches of included articles will be completed. Two independent reviewers will screen identified articles against eligibility criteria and extract data for included studies. Quality of included studies will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) for mixed studies reviews. Data will be synthesised using a convergent qualitative narrative approach.DiscussionGiven the centrality of school in the daily lives of resettled refugee children, it is vital to assess the impact of school climate on the psychosocial wellbeing and resettlement trajectories of this population. This review will identify evidence-based school factors which support good mental health and resettlement outcomes for refugee students and make recommendations for translation of this knowledge into the school environment.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42017077570

Patterns of Dating Aggression and Victimization in Relation to School Environment Factors Among Middle School Students

This study examined relations between patterns of dating aggression and victimization and school environment factors among 4,114 early adolescents attending 37 middle schools in four sites in the United States (51% Black, non-Hispanic, 21% Hispanic, and 17% White). Latent class analyses revealed a five-class solution that differentiated among youth classified as uninvolved (54%), psychologically aggressive victims (18%), aggressors (11%), victims (11%), and aggressive victims (5%). These groups differed in their perceptions of school environment factors, including the quality of student–student and student–teacher relationships, awareness/reporting of violence, school safety problems, and school norms for aggression and nonviolence. Our findings underscore the need for dating violence prevention efforts in early adolescence and the relevance of school environment and more selective interventions.

Factors Associated With Leisure Time Physical Activity Among Schoolchildren in a Predominantly Latino Community.

School initiatives aimed at increasing physical activity (PA) may improve the health of children in low-income communities. Assessors completed 5909 observations of students' PA during leisure periods using a validated instrument in 19 schools in low-income Latino communities. We examined relationships between school environment factors (eg, presence of playground equipment) and levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Overall, 16.4% of students were engaged in vigorous activity, lower than reported in prior analyses. Consistent with earlier reports, boys were more engaged in vigorous PA than girls (18.6% vs 13.2%). Playground equipment, such as balls and jump ropes, were present in 27.5% of activity areas. Supervision was present in 83.1% of observations; however, staff members were only observed leading organized activity in 1.7%. Playground equipment was associated with higher rates of MVPA, particularly among elementary boys (p < .0001). Staff supervision was not associated with MVPA, possibly because staff members rarely led organized activity. We found low rates of leisure time PA among students in this low-income Latino community. The presence of playground equipment was favorably associated with activity levels. Increasing the availability of playground equipment might promote activity among children in similar populations.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THREE CONTEXT FACTORS AND FOOD BEHAVIOR OF STUDENTS IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN EDO STATE

This paper examined the relationship between three context factors and food behavior of students in public universities in Edo State, Nigeria. The study was an ex-post facto research design adopting correlation approach. A sample of 956 students participated in the study. Three research questions and corresponding hypotheses guided the study. A self structured 43 item questionnaire was administered for data collection. The Mean, Standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to establish the relationship between the variables. Findings revealed that: there is a significant relationship between personal factors and eating behavior of students in public universities in Edo State (r.062; P&lt;.05); there is a significant relationship between school environment factors and eating behavior of students in Edo State (r.078; P&lt;.05); and there is a significant relationship between peer factors and eating behavior of students in Edo State (r.076: P&lt;.05). This paper recommends that it is of essence to give nutrition education a place in the curriculum of the university school system amongst other recommendations.

ANALYSIS OF MARITIME COMMUNITY ROOTS IN INDONESIA FOR ARISING THE INTEREST OF INDONESIAN YOUTH GENERATION IN THE MARITIME FIELD

Indonesia is known as the largest maritime and archipelagic country in the world which 70% of its territory consisting of sea. It makes some islands in Indonesia are separated by the sea. However, it does not become the barrier for connecting one island to the other islands. In this case, the mode of sea transportation has the important roles and very closely related for connecting these islands. The maritime triumphs began to setback after the Demak kingdom and its junk fleet was defeated by the Portuguese fleet in Malacca strait and also since the invasion of VOC fleet in the colonial era, those two factors caused the descent of maritime glory and the new Mataram kingdom no longer had its fleet. At that time, the character assassination to foster interest of maritime field from generation to generation had decreased significantly with a lack of utilizing that wealth. By looking at the chronologies mentioned previously, the researchers tend to observe from the psychological aspect, the reason why does it happen. The objectives of this study are 1) to find out the factors which causes the decline of the youth generation’s interest toward the “nawacita” or the dream of maritime field, 2) to find out how to increase the youth generation’s interest toward “nawacita” or dream of maritime field, and 3) to find out the youth generation’s interest related to the values of maritime characters. This study is a qualitative research which taking teenage respondents of senior high school grade. Whereas, the data collection techniques used in this study are interview and observation which are conducted to the respondents. After the data is obtained, the data processing techniques used are qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the study are the causative factors of the youth generation’s interest decline in the aspiration of the maritime field. There are two factors founded, namely 1) internal factors, factors which are originated from the self-individual aspect such as concentration, curiosity, motivation and needs, 2) the external factors, factors which are originated from the outside of individual aspects such as the influence of the surrounding, influence of the social environment, factors of the family environment, and factors of the school environment. Article visualizations:

SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN MORBIDITY DYNAMICS OF ALIMENTARY-DEPENDENT DISEASES IN MEZHDURECHЕNSK DURING THE 2010–2016 PERIOD

We analyzed the prevalence of alimentary-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine organs, blood and hematopoietic organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism, in particular anemia, obesity in schoolchildren aged 7–17 years. An increase in the number of these diseases was found in schoolchildren, associated with malnutrition and nutritional status disorders over a 6-year period. There has been a significant increase in obesity, the prevalence of which has increased over the past six years, among children 5 times. Among schoolchildren living in the city, diseases of the digestive organs associated with malnutrition account for 27.2 % of all alimentary-dependent diseases. We found that disease prevalence rates caused by the alimentary factor are influenced by the school environment factors. Formation of eating disorders in high school associated with the intensity of the educational process and training of senior schoolchildren during the school year only from the second shift create prerequisites for eating disorders and is a factor leading to an increase in the number of children with inadequate nutritional status.

PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA FAKULTAS SYARI'AH DAN HUKUM UIN SUNAN AMPEL TENTANG FIQH PEREMPUAN

Understanding of women's fiqh associated with female bleeding (dima' al-mar'ah) is very important to be owned by men especially by women. Syari'ah and Law Faculty’s students are required to understand Shari'ah and law knowledge, one of which is about women's bleeding. However, in the curriculum of study programs in the Faculty of Shari'ah and Law of UINSA no one specifically discussed the matter. Understanding of students related to menstrual blood, childbirth and istihadhah majority is still at the moderate level. They can only define and know the difference in time when the blood comes out. As for the wisdom and legal implications for women who experience bleeding in the implementation of worship, they still do not know and define it. The implications of legal law that they know are only limited to prayer, fasting and carrying, holding and reading the Qur'an. The rest they are still confused or do not know. Of the several factors that influence a person's understanding, there are five main factors that greatly influence students' understanding regarding menstrual blood, childbirth and istihadhah, namely factors of experience, intelligence, gender, education and school environment. Other factors that are age, occupation, socio-culture and economy, and the amount of media information does not affect the students' understanding regarding menstrual blood, childbirth and istihadhah.

Teachers’ Perceived Causes of Poor Performance in Mathematics by Students in Basic Schools from Ningo Prampram, Ghana

The study aimed at determining factors influencing poor performance of students in mathematics in selected Basic Schools in the Ningo Prampram District in Accra, Ghana. Descriptive research design was adopted in which random and convenience sampling method was used to select 60 teachers for the study. Data was collected through questionnaire analysed using SPSS version 21. The study found that the most highly ranked school environmental factors responsible for student’s low academic performance in mathematics were lack of supervision and monitoring of teachers by head teachers and circuit supervisors, larger class size and lack of teaching and learning materials in school. Similarly, the most highly ranked teacher factor that contributed to student’s low academic performance in mathematics was untrained teachers teaching the subject. Also, high level of absenteeism among students and unruly student behaviour were the most highly ranked student’s characteristics responsible for their poor performances in mathematics. For parental support, the highly ranked variables that contributed to poor performance in mathematics were parents not helping wards with their homework, inability of parents to provide wards essential instructional needs for mathematics studies and parents inability to approach the school to ascertain how their wards are faring in mathematics. However, independent t-test and ANOVA analyses did not find statistical differences between the gender of teachers and the qualifications with regards to perceived causes of low performance in mathematics. .It is recommended that metropolitan, directorate and circuit supervisors intensify supervision and provision of learning materials in schools.

ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ LEARNING DIFFICULTY IN ENGLISH LESSON AT MTS NURUL FALAH CIMAHI

This article focuses on the analysis to find out the difficulties of students MTs in English Learning. The sample of this study is used for some students from 36 students in VII grade of MTs Nurul Falah Cimahi. This method uses Qualitative approach in the analysis. The result is that students difficulties, in learning English 85% not appropriate. Some expert suggest external factor and internal factor that be affect students learning difficulties to learning difficulties. The author only focus on one factor that is external factor. External factors are : School factors, Family factors, and Environmental factors. The result of the analysis, the external factors that most affect the difficulties tudent learn English in MTs. Nurul Falah is the School and Family factors

School Environment, Indoor Air Quality, Student Performance and Health

School environment is a key exposure for school age children. Understanding the link between school community, school building, and indoor environment characteristics and student performance and health provides insight as to means of improving student performance and health. A large school renovation program in the mid-Atlantic region provided an opportunity to study the relationship between indoor air quality and other school environmental factors and student performance, school climate, and health. Building inspection data and community-level data were linked to student administrative data from an urban school district in the mid-Atlantic region. Facility conditions and school neighbourhood characteristics were associated with student math and reading performance with chronic absences. In a subset of schools planned for renovation, school building factors and outdoor environmental characteristics were associated with indoor air quality. Indoor air pollutants, including PM2.5, NO2, CO2 , exceeded WHO or ASHRAE guideline recommendations for a portion of the time monitored. Twenty percent of the daily average PM2.5 and 25% of the hourly average NO2 concentrations exceeded corresponding WHO guidelines for indoor air. Seasonal variability was statistically significant for indoor NO2 and CO2 concentrations, with higher exposures in fall and winter, suggesting a role for improvements in ventilation. Temperatures were frequently (~2/3 of school day) outside of recommended ranges. These findings provide evidence that community and school environments are associated with academic achievement and attendance, suggesting that opportunities to improve school conditions may translate to improvement in school performance for students.

Assessing Associations between School Facility Condition, Neighborhood Environment, and Respiratory Health in Public Schools: An Application of Ultrahigh Dimensional Variable Selection Method on Big Data

Background: While poor school facility conditions were associated with impaired academic performance in large-scale studies, less research has assessed its health impact among students. Furthermore, strong correlations between variables made it difficult to assess a wide range of environmental factors in one model. In this study, we aim to assess the impact of school and home environmental factors on student's respiratory health in a multi-pollutant model by applying an innovative variable selection method.Method: A case-control study was conducted using statewide hospital records from patients aged 4 to 18 during 2010-2013 in upstate New York. Emergency department (ED) visits due to respiratory diseases were defined as cases, while visits due to gastrointestinal diseases, injury, and appendicitis were used as controls. Each patient was assigned to a school based on the information on patient's age, home address, and school zones. A set of 128 variables indicating school facility conditions and school or home neighborhood environmental hazards were included in the variable selection process. Iterative sure independence screening was applied to construct the final multi-pollutant regression model.Result: Eighteen environmental factors were chosen for the final model, including 11 indicators of school facility conditions and 7 indicators of traffic/industrial emission around the school/home. The strongest associations were found between respiratory ED visit and conditions of tile floor, foundation type, noise from air-conditioning or traffic, PM2.5 level in home neighborhood, active leak in classroom, and heating fuel system (increased risks ranged from 9% to 17%).Conclusion: Application of advanced variable selection method allows construction of multi-pollutant models with wide range of environmental factors. Specific school facility conditions potentially play a crucial role in student&amp;#8217;s respiratory health even after controlling for neighborhood environment.

INFLUENCE OF HOME AND SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON CUMULATIVE CHILDREN LEARNING IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS

Several studies examined the relationship which exists among home, school, learners and teacher-related factors and academic performance in different subjects at various levels of education. Intriguingly, there seems to be meager literature and diverse opinions on how majority of these factors affect children cumulative learning in classroom instructional process at the primary school level. This study therefore examined the influence of home and school environmental factors on cumulative children learning in primary schools. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Four research hypotheses guided the study. A sample size of 150 pupils eventually participated from five (5) schools in Ijebu-Ode Local Government Area of Ogun State. The Home and School-Related Factors Scale HS-RFS) and Primary Schools Cumulative Results (PSCRs) were used to gather data for the study while Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression statistical tools were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is significant correlation between home and school environmental factors and children cumulative learning in primary schools (Home Environment: B = .236 (23.6%), P<0.05; School Facilities: B = .205 (20.5%), P<0.05; School Location: B = .135 (13.5%), P<0.05). In view of the findings, it is recommended that communities, school administrators and government representatives still need to work collaboratively to improve on those factors which contribute to pupils’ learning in order to enhance the output from curriculum instructional process in primary schools. Article visualizations:

School environment and individual factors influence oral health related quality of life in Brazilian children.

The aim of this study was to verify the influence of school environment and individual factors on oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a representative sample of Brazilian schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,134 12-year-old schoolchildren from Santa Maria, Southern Brazil. Clinical variables were obtained from examinations carried out by calibrated individuals. In addition, parents/guardians answered a semi-structured questionnaire about sociodemographic characteristics. Contextual variables were obtained from the city's official database, including the mean income of the neighborhood in which the school was located and the Basic School's Development Index (IDEB) of the school. The Brazilian version of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) was used to access OHRQoL. Data analysis was conducted using multilevel Poisson regression. Children studying in schools with a higher classification on the IDEB presented a lower CPQ11-14 mean score (rate ratio 0.80, 95%CI 0.74-0.88) than those studying in schools with a lower IDEB. Regarding individual variables, children with carious cavities, malocclusion, and gingival bleeding presented higher CPQ11-14 mean values than their counterparts. The same was observed in children from families with low socioeconomic status. School environment, and individual clinical and socioeconomic factors were associated with schoolchildren's OHRQoL.