School Background Research Articles

An overview of patient knowledge of anesthesia procedures through informed consent in the Jatiwinangun Purwokerto Surgical Specialty Hospital's central surgical installation

Background: The submission of informed consent aims to obtain evidence of consent that can document legal and ethical liability. Anesthesia procedures include pre-anesthesia, intra-anesthesia and post-anesthesia. Pre-anesthesia is a pre-anesthesia and sedation assessment, informed consent for anesthesia and sedation, giving premedication drugs if necessary, and instructing fasting before surgery. Purpose: This study was to determine the level of patient knowledge about anesthesia procedures through informed consent at the Central Surgical Installation of Jatiwinangun Purwokerto Special Surgical Hospital. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling of 108 respondents. The measuring instrument used was a questionnaire sheet. Analysis test using univariate test. Results: The analysis showed that the most dominant age of respondents was in the range of 36-45 years (23.4%), with the last education having a high school background (35%) and male (59.3%). Conclusion: An overview of the patient's knowledge level about anesthesia procedures through informed consent in the central surgical installation of Jatiwinangun Purwokerto Special Surgical Hospital, the majority have a sufficient level of knowledge.

ENHANCING TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGIES FOR PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATORS TO ACCOMMODATE VERNACULAR LANGUAGE DIVERSITIES IN HANANG DISTRICT, TANZANIA

<p>The study assessed public primary school teachers' strategies for accommodating learners with vernacular language backgrounds in Hanang District, Tanzania. The study involved 110 participants, including 44 teachers and 49 pupils, 4 Ward Education Officers, 1 School Quality Assurance Officer, 1 District Primary Academic Officer, and 11 head teachers. The study employed a mixed research approach. The study selected the sample size using simple random and purposive sampling, and we collected the data through questionnaires, interviews, and observation. The collected data was analyzed using computer software, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). The study's findings indicated that most public primary school teachers in Hanang used multiple teaching strategies, such as songs, total physical response, questions and answers, the direct method, and reading aloud, to accommodate pupils with vernacular language backgrounds. These strategies were most frequently employed in lower levels, exceptionally standard one and two. Further, primary school teachers were using teaching and learning materials like pictures, photographs, drawings, cards, flip charts, and natural objects. Also, primary school teachers assess and evaluate their pupils through written exercises, tests, questions and answers, and oral quizzes. The study concluded that multiple teaching strategies helped learners with vernacular backgrounds in public primary schools to master Kiswahili. Also, the assessment and evaluation tools in public primary schools effectively accommodated all pupils’ capabilities and levels of skills. Therefore, teachers should construct standard tests. Hence, the study recommended that the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST) organize seminars, workshops and in-service training (IN-SET) to update and impart new knowledge to the teachers on using teaching strategies and preparing practical assessment tools. The government should also employ enough primary school teachers specialized in early childhood education, construct many classrooms and supply sufficient and relevant teaching and learning materials.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0016/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi dalam Perspektif Konstruktivisme Pada Mata Pelajaran PPKn di SMP Negeri 1 Paguyangan

Conventional learning problems that regard teachers as the sole authority of knowledge, sources of knowledge that are textual and rigid, teaching methods that are limited to lectures, lack of effectiveness and role of students, and not channeling students' interests, talents and potential, require different learning strategies. The aim of this research is to describe differentiated learning from a constructivist perspective in Civics subjects at SMP Negeri 1 Paguyangan. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative combined with literature study. The research results show; (1) constructivism is very relevant. (2) things that must be considered in implementing differentiated learning include; availability of supporting learning facilities and infrastructure; availability of tools, media and contextual learning resources; analysis of school and student background; analysis of student needs. (3) the differentiated learning perspective of Civics learning built through constructivism both have very suitable characteristics. (4) differentiated earning from a constructivist perspective has strengths and weaknesses. Keywords: Constructivism, Differentiated Learning, Pancasila and Civic Education

The relationship between peer bullying and PTSS in refugee schoolchildren.

This study explored the relationship between Peer bullying (PB) and Posttraumatic Stress Symptomatology (PTSS) in a sample of refugee Syrian schoolchildren in Jordanian schools. The study sample was composed of 116 Syrian refugees (female = 62, 53.4% male = 54, 46.6%) ages 9-18 years with a mean age of 14.5 years (SD 1.18) who had been in Jordan for at least 3 years and were studying in five public schools (three for females and two for males) located in Irbid and Mafraq governorates in the northern area of Jordan between the June 14, 2018 and the March 20, 2019. The results indicated that 116 children out of 180 (64.4%) suffer from high levels of PB (physical M = 1.47, verbal M = 1.41, and relational M = 1.35). The most prevailing type of bullying was the physical type, followed by the verbal and the relational types. Moreover, the three types of PB were positively and significantly correlated with PTSS (physical, r = .20, p < .05, verbal, r = .26, p < .01, relational, r = .22, p < .05), and (total PB, r = .43, p < .05). PB accounted for 14% of the variability in PTSS. Finally, the results did not indicate any significant differences in PB by gender, age, length of exposure to PB, living conditions, or disability. This study may provide a deeper understanding of the need to develop more thorough, institutionalized as well individualized, interventions to reduce PB against schoolchildren from a refugee background in schools. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Key developmental milestones helped to identify children with special educational needs and disabilities at an early stage.

Responding to developmental delay promptly is important, as it helps children to reach their full potential. This study investigated how developmental milestones predicted primary school children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) at an early stage. We obtained data about 36 milestones between 12 and 45 months using the Dutch Development Instrument. Development, primary school classification and background characteristics were collected from the Dutch Preventive Child Healthcare system in Utrecht from 2008 to 2016. We investigated SEND classifications and the primary schools that the children attended at 4-12 years of age. The findings include area under the curve (AUC) data. Data on 30 579 children in mainstream schools and 1055 children with SEND were available. Different milestones predicted SEND classifications. Fourteen milestones and parental education predicted attendance at special needs schools with smaller classes (AUC 0.913). Nine milestones, sex, migration background and parental education predicted attendance at schools for severe communication problems (AUC 0.963). Ten milestones and parental education predicted attendance at schools for severe learning difficulties (AUC 0.995). Milestones did not accurately predict attendance at schools for severe behavioural or psychiatric problems. Milestones at 12-45 months predicted most SEND classifications at primary school age, except severe behavioural or psychiatric problems.

Att introducera språklig mångfald och migration som tema på mellanstadiet

This article explores the didactic choices four Swedish teachers make, as they introduce three lesson plans about linguistic diversity and migration in upper elementary school. In addition, teachers’ reflections on these choices and what new knowledge students develop, are examined. To analyze the choices teachers make, we use theory that sees teachers' professional practices as potentially powerful. The collected data consists of classroom observations and teacher interviews. The results show that the theme of linguistic diversity and migration engages both teachers and students. In addition, the teachers describe the theme as important, but confirm that they have not previously seen it addressed in teaching materials. Neither in the previous curriculum (Lgr11) nor in the current one (Lgr22) are issues of linguistic diversity included within the Swedish subject. Given the increasing number of students from diverse linguistic backgrounds in schools, we argue that knowledge about linguistic diversity is something that benefits all students as they grow up in a multilingual society. Promoting students' interest in different languages and cultures at an early age and encouraging positive attitudes are important tasks for teachers.

Learning by Heart or with Heart: Brain Asymmetry Reflects Pedagogical Practices.

Brain hemispheres develop rather symmetrically, except in the case of pathology or intense training. As school experience is a form of training, the current study tested the influence of pedagogy on morphological development through the cortical thickness (CTh) asymmetry index (AI). First, we compared the CTh AI of 111 students aged 4 to 18 with 77 adults aged > 20. Second, we investigated the CTh AI of the students as a function of schooling background (Montessori or traditional). At the whole-brain level, CTh AI was not different between the adult and student groups, even when controlling for age. However, pedagogical experience was found to impact CTh AI in the temporal lobe, within the parahippocampal (PHC) region. The PHC region has a functional lateralization, with the right PHC region having a stronger involvement in spatiotemporal context encoding, while the left PHC region is involved in semantic encoding. We observed CTh asymmetry toward the left PHC region for participants enrolled in Montessori schools and toward the right for participants enrolled in traditional schools. As these participants were matched on age, intelligence, home-life and socioeconomic conditions, we interpret this effect found in memory-related brain regions to reflect differences in learning strategies. Pedagogy modulates how new concepts are encoded, with possible long-term effects on knowledge transfer.

Applicant Experience in Communication With Residency Programs After the Introduction of Program Signaling

Examine the applicant experience after introduction of program signaling for the 2023 obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) residency application cycle. Responses to an online survey of OBGYN applicants participating in the 2023 match who participated in residency program signaling were compared to responses from a similar survey conducted in 2022. Demographic information included personal and academic background and how applicants and advisors communicated with programs. Numbers of applications and interviews, second look visits, away rotations, manner of contact, and timing of communication was compared. Statistical analysis included ANOVA for interval data, and χ2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests for categorical data. A total of 711 of 2631 (27%) applicants responded in 2022 and 606 of 2492 (24.3%) responded in 2023. Approximately 2/3 of gold signals and 1/3 of silver signals led to an interview. There was no change in number of applications or interviews per applicant, but there was a broader distribution of interviews per applicant in 2023. Applicants in 2023 were less likely to engage in preinterview communication or do an away rotation to indicate interest in a program. There was decreased communication between applicants and programs after signaling was introduced. Informal communication continued to differ by racial and medical school background. Applicants from DO programs and international medical graduates (IMG) had more communication with programs than MD applicants but received fewer interview invitations. Fewer Black and Latin(x)/Hispanic applicants had faculty reach out to residency programs on their behalf compared to White and Asian applicants. There were differences in the number of interviews received based on racial and ethnic identity. In the first year after implementation of program signaling, there was a decrease in preinterview communication and a broader distribution of interviews among applicants. Further efforts to create standard means of program communication may help to begin leveling the uneven playing field for applicants.

Comparison of Account Officer Performance with Equivalent High School Education Background and Education More than High School at PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani Cabang Jember

This study aims to analyze the comparison of account officers' performance based on their educational background, both those who have a high school background and an educational background more than high school, at PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani Cabang Jember. This type of research uses a quantitative type of research. This research uses quantitative research methods, where the research will be analyzed using descriptive statistics using multiple linear regression formulas. In collecting data this study used questionnaires. A total of 147 superiors Account Officer PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani Cabang Jember is used as a population, and used as a sample of 100 superior account officers. This research shows that education level affects account officer performance positively

Analysis of risk factors and construction of nomograph model for critical condition of patients with hypertension during pregnancy

ObjectiveThis study aims to construct the risk prediction nomogram model of critical condition in patients with hypertension during pregnancy and to verify its evaluation effect.MethodsA total of 531 patients with hypertension during pregnancy were randomly grouped into 427 model group and 104 validation group. The model group patients included 59 cases of critical group and 368 cases of non-critical group according to the occurrence of critical situation. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors of critical condition in patients with hypertension during pregnancy, and R software was used to construct the nomogram model. Moreover, the prediction efficiency of the model was evaluated.ResultsThe proportions of patients aged over 30 years, with an educational background of junior high school or below, a family history of hypertension, anemia during pregnancy, and a lower erythrocyte count were significantly higher in the critical group compared to the non-critical group (P < 0.05). Age > 30 years old, educational background of junior high school and below, family history of hypertension, anemia during pregnancy, and red blood cell count were independent risk factors for the occurrence of critical condition in patients with hypertension during pregnancy (P < 0.05). The prediction model formula Z = 1.857×Age + 1.167×Education + 1.601×Family history of hypertension + 1.815×Pregnancy anemia + 3.524×Red blood cell count+(-19.769). The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram in the modeling group for predicting the risk of critical situations was 0.926 (95% CI = 0.887 ~ 0.964), indicating excellent discrimination. The calibration curve closely resembled the ideal curve, demonstrating good agreement between the predicted and actual values. The AUC of the validation group’s nomogram to predict the risk of critical situation was 0.942 (95% CI = 0.872 ~ 0.998), with good discrimination. The calibration curve was close to the ideal curve, and the actual value was in good agreement with the predicted value.ConclusionThe nomograph model can predict the risk of critical condition in patients with hypertension during pregnancy and screen high-risk population.

Teaching the Greek Language in Multicultural Classrooms Using English as a Lingua Franca: Teachers’ Perceptions, Attitudes, and Practices

The present study examines teachers’ perceptions, attitudes, and practices regarding the use of English as a lingua franca (ELF) to teach Greek as a second language (L2) in multicultural classrooms in Greece, a largely underexplored area in the field of applied linguistics. The research was based on self-reports collected through questionnaires, written accounts, metaphor elicitation, and semi-structured interviews provided by 20 teachers of young learners with a migrant background in public schools in Greece. The findings showed that the classroom discourse takes place mainly in the target language, i.e., Greek, and ELF was also reported to be used by both teachers and learners for specific functions, such as vocabulary translation, explanation of grammar rules, and checking for comprehension. As reported by the participants, both teachers and learners welcome the idea of ELF use because a sense of security and comfort is provided through its employment. The study suggests that ELF may allow a smooth transition into the new social reality of the host country and a better approach of L2 Greek for young learners with a migrant background in the context of multilingual and intercultural education.

Career intentions of medical students in the UK: a national, cross-sectional study (AIMS study)

ObjectiveTo determine current UK medical students’ career intentions after graduation and on completing the Foundation Programme (FP), and to ascertain the motivations behind these intentions.DesignCross-sectional, mixed-methods survey of UK medical...

Predictive value of medical school ranking in the academic scholarship of ophthalmology residents

ObjectiveTo determine whether a resident's medical school ranking predicts their scholarship during residency. DesignThe authors stratified ophthalmology residents in ACGME accredited programs into tiers based off their medical school background's US News & World Report ranking: T1 (schools 1–20), T2 (21–50), and T3 (51–90). Investigators queried PubMed and Scopus for number of total publications, first/second author publications, publications in the top 10 impact factor journals in ophthalmology, and publications with the senior author affiliated with the resident's residency program/medical school. Authors collected data from start of ophthalmology residency to December 5th, 2021, and performed Pearson chi squared, ANOVA, Eta squared, Tukey, and multivariable logistic regression tests. Results1054 residents were included for analysis, with 370 from T1 schools, 296 from T2 schools, and 388 from T3 schools. T3 residents had a significantly decreased likelihood of publishing at least one (OR = 0.659;95%CI = 0.481,0.905;p = .010), two (OR = 0.643;95%CI = 0.436,0.949;p = .026), or five (OR = 0.407;95%CI = 0.187,0.886;p = .024) total publications compared to T1 residents. T3 residents also were partially predicted to publish fewer first author works, high impact journal articles, and articles with senior authors affiliated with their medical school. T2 residents were more likely to publish at least one second author work than T1 residents (OR = 1.604;95%CI = 1.101,2.337;p = .014). There was no significant difference between tiers in publications with senior authors affiliated with the same residency program. ConclusionsThe authors observed little difference in scholarship between residents from T1 and T2 schools, but some differences may exist between T3 and T1/T2 residents. Merit of rankings should be further explored.

Addressing Gender Disparities in Education: Empowering Girls through Education in Pakistan

Education may transform everyone's life, regardless of gender. Gender bias remains widespread. Pakistan's rural areas are especially bad. Pakistani women have been exploited since independence. Pakistani women rarely receive constitutional rights. Discrimination against women in the job, school, economy, and politics predates the 20th century. 200 teachers and 200 students from around Pakistan were selected for a good sample. A typical questionnaire assessed the girls' school backgrounds, objectives, and gender equality beliefs. At the schools examined men and women had very different educational opportunities. Lack of resources, social pressures, and discriminatory laws and practices make it tougher for girls to receive an education, according to research. The report concludes that broad governmental action to close the gender education gap is important. It offers gender-sensitive classrooms and community-building projects.

PAKISTANI M.PHIL. STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCES AND CHALLENGES IN USING THE ENGLISH ARTICLE SYSTEM

The English article system poses difficulties for English language learners, particularly those whose mother tongues or L1 do not possess the article system as in the English language. This mixed-method study aimed to measure if Pakistani M.Phil. students used the English article system correctly. Moreover, this study also explored the participants’ perspectives about the factors which caused problems for them in using the English articles correctly. To achieve these objectives, the present research adapted Miller’s (2005) instrument. Through the purposively sampling technique, data was gathered from 108 MPhil students from one of the universities in Balochistan, Pakistan. Overall, the quantitative analysis suggests that the use of correct English articles was a problem for most of the participants. The qualitative data analysis also corresponds with the results of the quantitative data as the participants acknowledged that the English article system caused difficulties for them. From participants’ perspectives, such difficulties stem from several factors including lack of reading, absence of articles in participants’ L1, government schooling background, teachers’ lack of English language proficiency, grammar-based teaching method, and learners’ least knowledgeability about the grammatical aspects of the English article system. Based on the findings of this study, pedagogical recommendations are proposed.

Development of Sparkol Videoscribe-Based Learning Media in Enhancing Arabic Vocabulary Mastery for Eighth Grade Students

In Arabic language learning at school, the role of the teacher in delivering and presenting the materials to be taught has a significant influence on students' learning outcomes. Factors contributing to weak Arabic vocabulary mastery include difficulties in memorizing vocabulary due to students' reliance solely on school-based learning, lack of interest and motivation for learning, memorizing, and recalling Arabic vocabulary, as well as students' school backgrounds without Arabic language subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to employ engaging teaching methods or media to deliver the material to students. This research aims to develop, assess the feasibility, and evaluate the attractiveness of Arabic vocabulary learning material based on Sparkol Videoscribe media. This study is a developmental research that utilizes the ADDIE model, which emphasizes the analysis of how each component interacts coordinatively with the existing phases. The research was conducted at Daarul Ilmi Integrated Islamic Junior High School in Bandar Lampung in November 2022. The developed media has been proven suitable for use, with material expert validation results of 76% or deemed suitable, media expert validation results of 78% or deemed suitable, and educator validation results of 88% or highly suitable. Based on the trial results conducted to determine the attractiveness of Sparkol Videoscribe-based learning media in Arabic language classes for eighth graders, it obtained a score of 86% in small group trials and 89% in large group trials, categorizing it as highly attractive. Thus, the results of Sparkol Videoscribe-based learning media are attractive for student use and can facilitate the mastery of Arabic vocabulary.

Strategy Use, Cultural Intelligence, and English Language Proficiency of Undergraduate Saudi Students

The study attempted to explore Saudi English learners’ second language proficiency and how it is possibly related to language learning strategies and cultural intelligence. Research questions addressed the variables of language proficiency, cultural intelligence, strategy use, gender, and educational school background. It is hoped that more insights into the interplay between these factors and successful language learning will benefit language learners, teachers, and policymakers. The study collected data from 180 Saudifirst-year undergraduates majoring in English. The data was analyzed using inferential statistics to investigate the relationship among the study variables. The results revealed that the study participants scored a medium level in both language learning strategies and cultural intelligence. Metacognitive and cognitive strategies were the most frequently used, and affective strategies were the least frequently used. No significant differences were found in strategy use when related to English language proficiency, gender, or school background. However, a significant effect was observed between language level and cultural intelligence, specifically on metacognitive, and behavioral subsections. Another positive correlation was reported between strategy use and cultural intelligence, especially with the metacognitive subsections. Pedagogical implications are presented as the study argues for the benefits of direct instruction on cultural awareness and strategy use in language classrooms.

KEPATUHAN KUNJUNGAN ULANG AKSEPTOR KB INTRA UTERINE DEVICES (IUD)

Interjection of compliance control for IUD user especially from middle and low educational background. Complete understanding will lead to high level of interest and compliance control and will be increasing scoupe of IUD user as a goverment program for long term birth control. Purpose of this research is understanding compliance control of IUD user. Research is a descriptive research with cross sectional approach. Sampling methods is saturated samples from 60 IUD users. Result show 19 (31,7%) of IUD users obey, 41 (68,3%) disobey. Result shows that IUD users obey to control dominate by high school background 9 (15%), 20-30 years old 13 (21,7%) and has occupational as a worker 15 (25%). Compliance rate controls of IUD acceptors in the non compliant category.

Do professional year placements matter for job quality? The case of economics graduates

ABSTRACT We study whether the completion of an optional professional year placement during undergraduate studies enhances job quality, in terms of earnings, job security and career fit, for economics graduates from a UK university. Using linear and discrete choice models, we estimate the effect of doing a professional year placement on four graduate outcomes that capture job quality and use a rich data set to control for demographics, educational background, academic achievement, degree, and graduate job characteristics. To account for possible self-selection bias, we use propensity score matching. We find a positive but weak effect of the professional year placement on earnings, but the salary gap becomes statistically insignificant once we control for self-selection. Similarly, we find no conclusive evidence supporting a positive effect of professional year placement on job security. However, we find a positive and robust effect of professional year placement on career fit: placement graduates are more likely to find jobs that fit their career plans than non-placement graduates, which holds even after controlling for self-selection. The empirical findings also show that job characteristics, like location and type of industry, and school background are additional factors contributing to graduates' employment quality. Finally, we find no differences in job quality due to gender.

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN LATAR BELAKANG PEMINATAN SEKOLAH DENGAN PENGUASAAN IPA DASAR MI/SD MAHASISWA PGMI UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between specialization background at school and mastery of Basik MI/SD students in classes A1, A2 and B for the 2021/2022 academic year. The method used in this study is to use a survey method with a quantitative approach through comparative analysis. The sample for this study were students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teacher education, FTKIP UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta. In the odd semester of the 2021/2022 school year the research was conducted in October-December 2022. The sampling technique is a nonprobability sampling technique, namely incidental sampling. Data collection techniques used the following methods: (1) MI/SD Science Concept Mastery Test, Concept Understanding Pretest (2) Interview to find out specialization in SMA, (3) Observation to record what was observed in this study. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 16 software using Independent-Sample T Tsts. Conclusion: there is a relationship between school background specialization and mastery of basic science concepts in Islamic elementary school teacher education students at the FTKIP UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta classes A1, A2 and B in the odd semester of the 2021/2022 academic year.