Views Of Scholars Research Articles

How the readability of manuscript before journal submission advantages peer review process: Evidence from biomedical scientific publications

The practice of uploading preprints of scientific manuscripts prior to journal submission has become increasingly popular. As such, it is essential to understand the impact of the preprint version of a manuscript on the peer review process to facilitate the development of open peer review practices. In the current research, we analyze a dataset comprising 1,078 biomedical papers published in Nature Communications and eLife in 2019, along with their manuscript information posted on preprint servers and their peer review histories. Our investigation focuses on the relationship between the readability of manuscript before journal submission, as represented by preprints, and the sentimental features expressed by reviewers. Based on empirical analysis utilizing a linear regression model, it has been found that reviewers are inclined to express positive sentiments towards preprints characterized by technical language, as indicated by low value on the readability indices. Additional subgroup analysis suggests that this positive effect is more pronounced in papers with lower social and scientific impact, as indicated by online attention scores and scholarly views after publication, respectively. Overall, results of our analysis reveals that the utilization of technical language characterized by lower readability level in academic papers does not seem to hinder the peer review process in biomedical science, which has significant implications for the open peer review practice.

Pelupusan Al-Quran di Malaysia: Suatu Tinjauan Awal Pelupusan Secara Penanaman

Preserving the sanctity of the Quran is an obligation for the Muslims. The disposal of the Quran in accordance with Shariah is a measure taken to preserve the sanctity of this holy book from ancient times until now. In Malaysia, disposal of the Quran is carried out for copies that are misprinted, torn, damaged, worn out, or expired. Furthermore, the issue of Quranic texts being damaged due to floods causing them to become wet, swollen, and muddy has increased recently. Generally, in Malaysia, the burning method is used to dispose this holy book, but damaged copies due to floods pose challenges for such disposal by burning. Therefore, this study aims to identify a number of methods for the disposal of the Quran based on the views of relevant Muslim scholars to be used post-flood disasters. This research adopts a qualitative approach with document analysis as the data collection instrument. The findings reveal that there are several Quran disposal methods discussed by Muslim scholars. The study also found that burning and deinking methods have been implemented in several states in Malaysia. Meanwhile, although the method of burying was proclaimed at the national level through the 30th MKI Conference in 1992, it has not yet been practiced through the relevant agencies. Thus, the study hopes that the method of burial can be presented as an alternative solution to the issue of disposing of the Quran post-flood disasters.

Exploring the Path of Personal Information Infringement Governance by Web Crawlers

In the era of big data, the explosive growth of data information, network crawler as a new type of data search engine came into being, and gradually become indispensable technology. However, with the continuous penetration of crawler technology, related infringement problems have gradually surfaced. This topic starts from the definition and technical application of network crawlers, further analyzes the specific forms of network crawlers’ personal information infringement, and discusses and summarizes the shortcomings of the legal governance measures involved, and finally draws on the experience of overseas and combines the views of relevant scholars, proposes to improve the relevant legal provisions and clarify the division of responsibility; introduces the rule of balanced trial; establishes the criteria for the reasonable use of data by crawlers; creates a “cyclical protection system”; establishes the “data protection system”; and establishes the “data protection system”. The proposal to establish a cyclical protection system, establish a “data protection officer”, set up an independent regulatory body, form an internal and external linkage mechanism, and then build a scientific governance system for scientific governance.

Enron’s Collapse and the Emergence of a New Magnitude of Ethics within Corporate Governance

In this study, it is argued that the collapse of a single company – Enron – in the USA represented one of the most crucial factors underlying the emergence of ethics with a new dimension in the global business strategy. Enron, one of the most profitable companies in the USA in 1990s, experienced a completely unprecedented disaster and the ensuing investigations revealed that a lack of ethical integrity among the high officials was one of the most crucial reasons for the downfall of such an established company. Shortly after Enron collapse, a number of companies in different countries faced similar consequences and a crucial factor that they all appeared to share was unethical practices. The core aim of this study is to explore how the think-tanks in the corporate world made a quick response regarding the development of the ethical practices within the activities of corporations and how ethics gained greater magnitude within the administration of business activities. To achieve this aim, we undertook a comprehensive content analysis of the relevant secondary data substantiated by a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) attended by academics working in the field of corporate governance, in order to gain relevant insights in the study objectives. The scholarly views of the individuals who participated in the FGD, we believe, can add value to our results by enriching the study. The study findings suggest that the downfall of Enron immediately and hugely contributed towards raising the profile of ethics and the introduction of a series of ethical codes regarding corporate performances.

Medical related content in Macao Newsprint in the Late Qing Dynasty

Macao Newsprint, which was an important tool for Lin Zexu to get acquainted with foreign affairs, was the first translated newspaper in Chinese history. The translation and compilation of news information related to Western medicine in Macao Newsprint was an active attempt by Chinese people to open their eyes to Western medicine. The two pieces of news related to Western medicine in Macao Newsprint, which presented the medical ethics, medical skills and doctor-patient relationship in the Western medicine, are precious historical materials on the exchange of Chinese and Western medicine. The expressions in the two pieces of translated news in which the foreigners might have praised their own medicine had a certain influence on the medical views of the late Qing scholars represented by Lin Zexu, and thus had a positive impact on the dissemination of Western medicine in China.

The Status of Gaza in the Persian Period: Imperial Dynamics, Local Agency, and Long-Distance Trade

Abstract Although Gaza was among the largest and most important cities of the southern Levant, it has played a relatively minor role in recent reassessments of the reoccupation of the Palestinian coast and its administration in the Persian period. The widely-held scholarly view that Gaza fell outside of direct Achaemenid control, in a coastal zone conceded to a confederation of Arabian tribes ruled by the king of Qedar, is a primary factor in according it a separate status from the other cities of Philistia. This article argues that the sources do not support the notion that Gaza and its environs belonged to an Arabian district. Rather, Gaza, like the other coastal cities of Philistia, seems to have been redeveloped in the late sixth century BCE by Phoenician agents, likely from Tyre. While Gaza held a distinct position as the main outlet of Arabian and Egyptian trade, it was culturally and economically oriented around the wider Phoenician maritime network and integrated into a dense network of Achaemenid military and administrative infrastructure in the region. In the early fourth century BCE, however, the loss of Egypt and the eclipse of the Qedarites fundamentally transformed the nature of Achaemenid authority in the region. Gaza may have been lost during much or all of this period, and the Achaemenid response is visible across this border region. Nevertheless, Gaza retained its central commercial position across these disturbances.

Основные подходы к определению понятия «научный работник» в российском законодательстве

The author of the article explores various approaches to defining the term “scientific worker” considering Russian legislation. The laws and regulations of the Russian Federation, as well as international regulations, are considered. Raising issues related to qualifications, labor relations, and independence in scientific activity, points of view of legal scholars on the definition of this concept are analyzed. A unified definition of the term “scientific worker” is proposed, which takes into account the specifics of his professional activity, qualifications and labor relations, in order to consolidate it in Russian legislation.

Large language models: Expectations for semantics-driven systems engineering

The hype of Large Language Models manifests in disruptions, expectations or concerns in scientific communities that have focused for a long time on design-oriented research. The current experiences with Large Language Models and associated products (e.g. ChatGPT) lead to diverse positions regarding the foreseeable evolution of such products from the point of view of scholars who have been working with designed abstractions for most of their careers - typically relying on deterministic design decisions to ensure systems and automation reliability. Such expectations are collected in this paper in relation to a flavor of systems engineering that relies on explicit knowledge structures, introduced here as “semantics-driven systems engineering”.The paper was motivated by the panel discussion that took place at CAiSE 2023 in Zaragoza, Spain, during the workshop on Knowledge Graphs for Semantics-driven Systems Engineering (KG4SDSE). The workshop brought together Conceptual Modeling researchers with an interest in specific applications of Knowledge Graphs and the semantic enrichment benefits they can bring to systems engineering. The panel context and consensus are summarized at the end of the paper, preceded by a proposed research agenda considering the expressed positions.

Analisis Hukum Islam dalam Transaksi Layanan Pesan Antar Makanan Online: Studi Kasus pada GoFood

This research aims to determine Islamic law in online food delivery service transactions on GoFood delivery services and to assess the effectiveness of contracts in GoFood delivery service transactions. (1) Observation, interviews, and documentation are all used in this research as quantitative data collection methods. In the GoFood delivery service, 8 informants in total participated in this research consisting of 3 merchants, 2 drivers and 3 consumers. used random sampling and sampling approaches to identify informants. Based on the research findings, (1) the practice of using contracts in delivery service transactions using Islamic contracts by identifying the relationship between the parties who carry out relationships and transactions in the GoFood delivery service, apart from that it also sharpens the views of contemporary jurisprudence scholars who are pro and Contradictions regarding transactions on the GoFood delivery service, (2) Looking at the Islamic legal perspective on this delivery service transaction by looking at the arguments and views of experts to be able to determine whether or not GoFood delivery service transactions are permissible.

The place of mirrors in the domestic culture of sixteenth-century Bruges

ABSTRACT The sixteenth century saw an exponential increase in the number and the diversity of objects people surrounded themselves with. Some objects have already been widely discussed, while others, like mirrors, remain hidden from scholarly view. The mirror was widely popular in the more wealthy households of cities like Bruges, but it was also frequently discussed and used in moralistic writings and paintings as a metaphor for a wide range of very different symbolic meanings. According to literature, however, a transition took place during this period from the mirror being a tool for contemplation and private devotion, to the mirror being used as a luxury item. Moreover, the literature argues, this transition also reflected a large-scale social and cultural change towards secularisation, humanism and emerging subjectivity. In this article, however, I argue that, especially in the Bruges context, reality - as is often the case – was much more layered than that. Indeed, their increasing popularity in the sixteenth century should be explained both by a changing consumer culture, and by the mirror's continued connection with spirituality and private devotion. The resulting new insights are of great importance for our understanding of early modern daily life and material culture.

Reception of A. Varlamov's Creativity in Chinese Literary Studies and Criticism

The subject of the research is the reception of A.N. Varlamov in Chinese literary criticism. The object of the study is critical articles, literary works devoted to the work of A. Varlamov, and an interview with the author. The novelty of the article is determined by the fact that the works of Chinese researchers are analyzed in order to characterize critical judgments about the work of a modern Russian author, taking into account national specifics. The article highlights the main aspects in the field of studying the work of A. N. Varlamov by Chinese criticism and literary criticism. It is determined that Chinese researchers pay attention to the consideration of religious themes in the writer's prose, and also analyze Varlamov's creative method, defining it as neo-release. The main conclusions of the study are the definition of aspects of the study of religious themes in Varlamov's novels, such as eschatology, the level of morality and religiosity in Russian society, the spiritual salvation and rebirth of man, sectarianism. According to critics, Varlamov's work shows sectarianism as a viral idea of the Russian people, poisoning the collective consciousness and historical memory. The creative method of A. Varlamov is assessed by critics as neo-releaseism, the features of which are marginal heroes, a combination of mysticism and realism, artistic time-space. Chinese literary scholars also note mythological prototypes and folklore elements that are important for Varlamov's works. The main contribution of the author to the study of the topic is that the points of view of Chinese literary scholars and critics are considered, which expand the reception of Varlamov's work in world art, complementing a single receptive field, organizing a dialogue of cultures.

Istihsan and ITS implementation in the field of Islamic economics and finance

The primary purpose of this study is to find out the dialectic of Imam Abu Haneefah's legal istinbat method, namely istihsan, then its implementation in the field of Islamic economics and finance. The library research approach is used to conduct research that is carried out with a review of literature, previous research, and other sources related to the problem being studied. The data obtained in this study are primary, as well as data presentation and analysis carried out by researchers based on normative juridical frameworks. The results showed that Istihsan was used as an istinbath method by Imam Abu Haneefa and other scholars because it had a strong foundation both from the Qur'an, Al-Hadith and the views of several other scholars. Thus, the existence of an istihsan can be a postulate of shari'a, although Imam Shafi'i, in his understanding of istihsan categorically rejects it as a postulate of shari'a. Then, the differences in istinbath methods, especially in istihsan, cause many different views about the understanding of istihsan itself, and this causes many legal differences that will result from the method. The implementation of the Istihsan method in the realm of Islamic economics and finance is commonly found in the community in the contract of Shirkah Mufawadhah, Buying and Selling Istishna' and buying and selling credit

ENFORCEABILITY OF UMBRELLA CLAUSES BY INVESTMENT ARBITRATION TRIBUNALS

Over the last few decades, one of the most contentious issues of the international investment law has been the interpretation of the ‘umbrella clauses’. Since the umbrella clauses are generally vague, short and hidden in international investment agreements, the interpretation of the clause is in a controversial position and thereby having been subject to the scholarly interest. Should umbrella clauses in international investment agreements be enforceable by arbitration tribunals? Or to what extent investor’s claims stemming from a contractual bre-ach could be enforceable by arbitration tribunals? SGS v Pakistan and SGS v Philippines have addressed these questions and reached opposite decisions. This article aims to examine the contradictory arbitral deci-sions and to discuss broad and restrictive approaches. The article begins with a brief review of umbrella clauses. Then, it analyses leading arbitral cases with the help of scholar views in order to shed the light on critical aspects of the issue.

Comparative Literature Analysis of National Security Management from The Global to Malaysia

The national security management structure is crucial to understand in ensuring whether the existing mechanisms are effective in dealing with national security issues and challenges. The country's approach, particularly through security agencies, should always carry out an assessment of internal and external threats from time to time, so that the integrity of the country's sovereignty remains guaranteed. The evolution of threat perception is in line with what is stated in the Malaysia Defense White Paper published in 2020 which is "the national interests in the present and future are tied to an uncertain security environment and the impact of an uncertain regional and global security environment, as well as an international strategic perspective become more complex and difficult to predict in the coming year.” Therefore, it is very important for a study to be carried out to see the comparison of national security management at the global and Malaysia so that good added value can be emulated, and the constraints faced can be used as lessons for improvement. The study uses Qualitative methods through library research which is the analysis of journals and online articles to obtain the views of past scholars on internal and external threats and security management structure, including the reformation required. The results of the analysis found that the threat that occurs in Malaysia same as the global except nuclear. Both globally and Malaysia face agency coordination problems due to national decisions and duplication of duties, state coordination issues due to the role being denied, reform failure and increased threats, weaknesses in reformation caused by political interference and there is a need for the involvement of all parties in national security management.

God knows all: An intertextual study of Hebrews 4:12–13 and Deuteronomy 29:28

While most scholars view Hebrews 4:12–13 as the author’s own composition which contains various parallels with Old Testament language and thought, very few consider Deuteronomy 29:28 (29:29 ET) as one of the possible conceptual backgrounds of the passage. The current article argued that Hebrews 4:12–13 contains among others a conceptual echo of Deuteronomy 29:28, which when noted, enhances the interpretation of the passage. The article started with a baseline interpretation of Hebrews 4:12–13, by discussing its content and message, and especially its proposed backgrounds. It found that of all the parallels between Hebrews 4:12–13 and the LXX, Wisdom 1:6 and 1 Enoch 9:5 forms the closest parallels, and that scholars do not view Hebrews 4:12–13 as containing an echo of Deuteronomy 29:28. Next, the article investigated Deuteronomy 29:28, particularly the meaning of the phrase ‘the hidden things’ known to God. The article argued that from the wider context of Deuteronomy 29:15–27 ’the hidden things’ refer to ’the hidden intentions’ of the human heart, which is known to God. The next section of the article indicated that this interpretation of ’the hidden things’ as the unknown intentions of the human heart, finds support in Philo’s De Cherubim 16. Revisiting Hebrews 4:12–13, the article argued that based on the similarities of thought, structure and function, Deuteronomy 29:28 forms one of the conceptual backgrounds of Hebrews 4:12–13 and indicated how this enhances the interpretation of the passage. The article concluded by very briefly reflecting on the contribution of Hebrews 4:12–13 to the biblical concept of the knowledge of God.Contribution: The article contributed to the investigation of the well-known and important Hebrews 4:12–13, as well as the investigation of the occurrence and use of Deuteronomy in the book of Hebrews.

PRACTICE-BASED PHD IN VISUAL ART: AN INQUIRY REGARDING THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INDIAN ART EDUCATION

This research paper deals with a research methodology for Visual Art related research. Practice-based research is common in the art institutions of Europe, America, Australia, and Asian countries like China and Japan. In India, it is not well-known. This paper has been written on the basis of the experience gathered during the practice-based doctoral research of the first author (In India) and second author (In Hungary). To understand the exact scenario the views of senior art educators and research scholars in India were also taken. It has also included the experience through participation in the workshop on practice-based doctoral research, organized by Banaras Hindu University. These experiences and views lead this research to conclude with the requirements and possibilities of implementation of the Practice-based PhD as a suggestion for Indian Art Academia.

Образ врача в рецепции отечественной критики и литературоведения XX-XXI веков

The article highlights the stages of literary and critical reception of the doctor’s image presented in Russian prose in the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries. The work is novel in that it is the first to consider and systematize different points of view of critics and literary scholars on the nature of the doctor’s artistic image, on the doctor’s place in the cultural and historical space of Russia. The research aims to identify the key trends in the reception of the doctor’s image in Russian criticism and literary studies in the 20th and 21st centuries. As a result, it is found that while the thinkers of the 19th century highlight characterological features of a doctor character such as inner freedom, thirst for knowledge and empiricism of thinking inherent in the new generation, the critics and literary scholars of the early 20th century consider a doctor character in the context of the era of scientific discovery. During the period of totalitarianism, the hero is evaluated in terms of having “obligatory” qualities and his involvement with socialism and its achievements. Since the late 1980s, a doctor character has been analyzed from the position of his belonging to the intelligentsia, whose representatives are characterized by internal contradictions. The studies of the early 21st century attempt to reinterpret traditional renderings of Russian classical literature, outline new approaches to the analysis of a literary image: a doctor character is presented as a bearer of the highest spiritual value, a way to transmit hidden meanings.

Socio-ecological bases of personality formation in the family-school space

Relevance. Nowadays, families are actively engaging with schools and educators, communicating with educational institutions, including school management, teachers, psychologists, and social and special educators. However, the impact of this interaction on child development have not been sufficiently studied. Purpose. The need to study the process of interaction between family and school and to reveal the socio-ecological foundations of the child's personality formation within this interaction defines the research aim: to reveal aspects of personality formation in the family-school space and provide ways to optimise it. Methodology. To achieve this goal, the methods of analysis and synthesis, data systematisation, comparison, deduction and induction were used. Results. The study reveals the views of scholars on family-school interaction, describes models and approaches to family-school interaction, and identifies the most effective ones. The possibilities of family and school interaction in the framework of distance learning are described. The main aspects of the development of a child with special educational needs in the family-school space and the peculiarities of family-school interaction in inclusive education are described. The influence of the educational institution, as well as the influence of the family on the educational process and the formation of the child as a personality is analysed. On this basis, the contradictions that may arise in the interaction of family and school are considered. Conclusions. It has been determined that family-school interaction plays a crucial role in shaping a child's personality. The results of the study can be used by the management of educational institutions to improve the interaction between school and family, as well as by parents to understand the importance of their active participation in the educational process and to understand their influence on the formation of their children's personalities. Keywords: interaction; upbringing; parent-pedagogical interaction; cooperation; individual development; parental education

The two-pillared laicism of the Turkish Constitutional Court: from the 1970s to the 1990s

ABSTRACT The dominant scholarly view on Turkish political history, namely the ‘centre-periphery’ approach, has vociferously put forward the judicial and military elites as anchors of an entrenched unitary historical bloc, bequeathed by the Ottoman bureaucratic cadre, which had relentlessly defended a conspicuously definite Kemalist-assertive secularism in the republican period. Diverging from this mainstream historiography, an interrogation of the period from the 1970s to the 1990s shows that (1) the Turkish judges and military did not always act in a unified bloc; at times, they could not exactly agree on the practices and meanings of secularism. Thus, especially at the height of the Cold War, the judges did not only stand in opposition to the societal religious demands but also to some of the pro-Islamic tendencies in the army; (2) the linchpin of the laicism that the judges pursued did not stand in opposition solely with the Islamic religiosity but also impeded certain secularist societal demands. By investigating a selection of court decisions, judicial opinions, and other documents following the congruence method, the article shows that actors’ strategic preferences should be deemed relevant. A revision seems necessary concerning the mainstream academic lens for understanding Turkish laicism in the past and present.

Kefahaman Ayat al-Quran Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Tahfiz

Understanding the verses of the Quran is an essential requirement in learning the Quran. It is particularly relevant to students of tahfiz al Quran who often immerse themselves in memorizing and reciting the Quran. However, the aspect of understanding the verses of the Quran is given less attention in their learning, with much emphasis placed solely on memorization. This study is to examine the importance of understanding the verses and to analyse its application among tahfiz students. The study was carried out qualitatively by looking at past studies, authoritative books and the views of Islamic scholars. The result of this study reveals the significance of understanding the verses of the Quran is an essential element in learning and appreciating the Quran, especially for those who memorize the Quran. However, the aspect of understanding the verses is still not given sufficient attention in tahfiz learning. The study suggests more detailed studies be conducted in the future to improve the element of understanding in learning tahfiz al Quran. The study anticipates providing important information in empowering and enhancing learning methods in Tahfiz institutions across the country.