Scholarly Books Research Articles

Unfinished Trials and Sentences

Unfinished Trials and Sentences

Global governance and the broader determinants of health: A comparative case study of UNDP’s and WTO’s engagement with global health

ABSTRACTThis comparative case study investigated how two intergovernmental organisations without formal health mandates – the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) – have engaged with global health issues. Triangulating insights from key institutional documents, ten semi-structured interviews with senior officials, and scholarly books tracing the history of both organisations, the study identified an evolving and broadened engagement with global health issues in UNDP and WTO. Within WTO, the dominant view was that enhancing international trade is instrumental to improving global health, although the need to resolve tensions between public health objectives and WTO agreements was recognised. For UNDP, interviewees reported that the agency gained prominence in global health for its response to HIV/AIDS in the 1990s and early 2000s. Learning from that experience, the agency has evolved and expanded its role in two respects: it has increasingly facilitated processes to provide global normative direction for global health issues such as HIV/AIDS and access to medicines, and it has expanded its focus beyond HIV/AIDS. Overall, the study findings suggest the need for seeking greater integration among international institutions, closing key global institutional gaps, and establishing a shared global institutional space for promoting action on the broader determinants of health.

C. V. Raman’s Laboratory and Discovery of the Raman Effect

This is a refreshingly different book about Professor C. V. Raman, Nobel Prize Winner for Physics in the year 1930. It is written by a professional historian of science, working in the University of Oldenburg, Germany. As is appropriate in a scholarly book of this type, almost every one of the numerous statements is given a citation of the source from where the information has been collected. Thus the author is in a good position to separate the myths and the hypes from the day-to-day reality and facts, in so far as they can be taken from the original sources.

The academic book and its digital dilemmas

The future of the academic book has been under debate for many years now, with academic institutional dynamics boosting output, while actual demand has moved in the opposite direction, leading to a reduced market which has felt like it is in crisis for some time. While journals have experienced widespread migration to digital, scholarly monographs in print form have been resilient and digital alternatives have faced significant problems of acceptance, particularly in the arts and humanities. Focusing in particular on the arts and humanities, this article asks how, and under what conditions, the digitally mediated long-form academic publication might hold a viable future. It examines digital disruption and innovation within humanities publishing, contrasts different models and outlines some of the key challenges facing scholarly publishing in the humanities. This article examines how non-traditional entities, such as digital humanities research projects, have performed digital publishing roles and reviews possible implications for scholarly book publishing’s relationship to the wider research process. It concludes by looking at how digital or hybrid long-form publications might become more firmly established within the scholarly publishing landscape.

Using rating scales to assess interpretation

Abstract Over the past decade, interpretation assessment has played an increasingly important role in interpreter education, professional certification, and interpreting research. The time-honored assessment method is based on analysis of (para)linguistic features of interpretation (including such items as omissions, substitutions, un/filled pauses and self-corrections). Recently, use of descriptor-based rating scales to assess interpretation has emerged as a viable alternative (e.g., Angelelli 2009; Han 2015, 2016; J. Lee 2008; Tiselius 2009), arguably providing a basis for reliable, valid and practical assessments. However, little work has been done in interpreting studies to ascertain the assumed benefits of this emerging assessment practice. Based on 17 international peer-reviewed journals over the last twelve years (2004–2015), and other related publications (e.g., scholarly books, reports, documents), this article provides an overview of practices in scale-based interpretation assessment, focusing on four major aspects: (a) rating scales; (b) raters; (c) rating procedures; (d) reporting of assessment outcomes. Problem areas and possible emerging trends in interpretation assessment are examined, identifying a number of future research needs.

Review of Oona A. Hathaway and Scott J. Shapiro, The Internationalists: How a Radical Plan to Outlaw War Remade the World (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017) 608 pp. $30.00

The thesis of The Internationalists is that the Kellogg Briand Pact of 1928 fundamentally reshaped the international legal order. By outlawing war, the Pact replaced one basic norm of international legal ordering with another. Hathaway and Shapiro present their argument in the form of a narrative, including biographical details about the central protagonists and vignettes about key meetings. They present it all with an eye not only to the importance of particular characters, but also to sheer coincidence. Underneath the sweeping historical narrative lies a serious, scholarly book with a central legal and philosophical argument. Hathaway and Shapiro use the history of international law from the seventeenth through the twentieth century to examine the nature of enforcement mechanisms, the relation between rights and remedies, issues of collective as opposed to individual responsibility, and—perhaps most strikingly—the changing status of neutrality.

Crowdfunding for Open Access

Funding open access publications is often a difficult problem, especially when authors may not have sufficient funds to support a project. Yet it may be possible to convert the funds libraries currently spend on subscriptions and purchases into support for open access publications. Three organizations are modifying models used by consumer-focused crowdfunding websites to fit different publishing scenarios. Unglue.it pools funds from individuals and libraries to provide open access licenses to books that have already been published. Knowledge Unlatched receives pledges from libraries to provide access to front- and back-list scholarly books as well as some journals. Reveal Digital launches freely accessible digital collections with support from libraries that wish to contribute to a specific collection or an ongoing fund. These efforts show possible models for turning library collection funds into a distributed support network for open access publication.

Michiel van Groesen. Amsterdam’s Atlantic: Print Culture and the Making of Dutch Brazil.

Michiel van Groesen has large worlds in view. Through an exploration of reports about Dutch Brazil appearing from Amsterdam’s lively printing industry—the “public Atlantic” of the seventeenth century (10)—he can see how accounts of events had “the capacity to dominate public debate in Europe” (189). Newsprints were a relatively new innovation, and the public debate spurred by them in turn shaped public opinion, which “occasionally governed” the United Provinces of the Netherlands (190), or at least affected policies in its cities, its provinces, and the States General. He brings to his argument an experienced grasp of the history of early modern printing and its recent entanglement with knowledge economies and politics, allowing him to say that his case study exemplifies how “the communication circuits of metropolitan societies” (191) altered Europe. The evidence for van Groesen’s claims comes from thorough and lively exploration of the voluminous legacy of surviving newssheets, pamphlets, plays, poems, praatjes (“chats,” or printed representations of conversations), maps, scenic depictions of battles and peoples, and scholarly books, all of which spoke to Dutch interests in Brazil. Even if readers are not entirely convinced that his well-illustrated book has fully demonstrated its most ambitious goals, they will certainly appreciate the clear description of the shifting understanding of seventeenth-century “Brazil” that Amsterdam’s publishers conveyed to their readers.

Titelei

We’ve built this digital research platform to provide academics everywhere with fast, stable and secure digital access to our library of over 110,000 scholarly books and 800,000 journal articles. We’ve tested the platform in close cooperation with leading academic institutions. If you have any questions or you notice something doesn’t quite work as it should, please visit our <a href="/publishing/faq?lang=en" class="text-primary">Help/FAQ</a> page and let us know.

Inhalt

We’ve built this digital research platform to provide academics everywhere with fast, stable and secure digital access to our library of over 110,000 scholarly books and 800,000 journal articles. We’ve tested the platform in close cooperation with leading academic institutions. If you have any questions or you notice something doesn’t quite work as it should, please visit our <a href="/publishing/faq?lang=en" class="text-primary">Help/FAQ</a> page and let us know.

The Price and New Title Output of Scholarly Books: 2009–2016

The majority of scholars in the humanities and the social sciences, the scientific, technical, and medical, and the legal, tax, and regulatory fields are interested in the state of scholarly book publishing because these books often play a pivotal role in the often-opaque tenure, promotion, and grant application process. In the past, several studies analyzed new title output and scholarly book prices. However, no one investigated the impact of the Recession of 2007–2009 on scholarly books. This study looks at the impact of this recession, its impact on scholarly book prices and new title output between 2009 and 2016, and makes a series of recommendations for university presses.

Developing an Open Textbook for Learning and Instructional Design Technology

Despite the emphasis on open educational resources in our field, there are surprisingly few examples of open textbooks in our field, as well as in graduate education generally, despite the findings from research that these books can be affordable, high quality, and advantageous to students and faculty. In this article I describe one process for creating an open introductory textbook. I discuss design decisions, technological choices, and lessons learned, including suggestions for other potential book creators, in an attempt to encourage further development of open book scholarship. I also share initial data on student perceptions about the book, and my conclusions about the textbook creation process.

The Social Text and Networked Knowledge: New Modes of Scholarly Book Publishing in Indigenous Studies

Initiatives in the digital humanities; advances in library, archiving, and information sciences; and innovative First Nations community-based language and cultural heritage projects demand that the scholarly communications infrastructure evolve to improve access to and mobilize knowledge in its written, oral, and visual forms. The field of Indigenous studies raises interesting challenges and opportunities for multimodal publishing and for new kinds of partnerships to support research and publication. This paper discusses the collaborative efforts of the University of British Columbia Press, University of British Columbia Library, and University of Washington Press to develop a dynamic new resource for Indigenous research, education, and cultural programs, which places the scholarly book at its centre. It considers the changing nature of scholarly publishing, the expanding definition of the scholarly record, and the specific context of cultural heritage projects.

Inhalt

We’ve built this digital research platform to provide academics everywhere with fast, stable and secure digital access to our library of over 110,000 scholarly books and 800,000 journal articles. We’ve tested the platform in close cooperation with leading academic institutions. If you have any questions or you notice something doesn’t quite work as it should, please visit our <a href="/publishing/faq?lang=en" class="text-primary">Help/FAQ</a> page and let us know.

Bloomsbury Popular Music

Reviewed by: Bloomsbury Popular Music Caitlin Schmid Bloomsbury Popular Music. [England]: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, [2017–], https://www.bloomsburypopularmusic.com/home (accessed 12 September 2018). [Requires a Web browser and Internet connection. Annual subscriptions are currently only available to institutions: libraries, research institutes, schools, and other organisations.] The Bloomsbury Popular Music (BPM) online database collects together The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World (fourteen volumes in total, eleven of which are currently available), all of the 33 1/3 and 33 1/3 Global book series offering individual authors' analyses of influential pop albums, and a growing library of scholarly books from Bloomsbury's Popular Music Studies list. At the time of writing, this last category included twenty-five books with titles ranging from João Sardinha and Ricard Campos's edited volume Transglobal Sounds: Music, Youth and Migration (2016) to Gavin Hopp's Morrissey: The Pageant of His Bleeding Heart (2009), and the promise of at least five more every year. Altogether, BPM provides full access to 175 titles and counting. If you know exactly which one of those 175 titles you want to read, each of the three wings of BPM (Encyclopedia, 33 1/3, and Scholarly Titles) has its own portal under the "Browse Contents" button in the upper right corner. If you plan to look up a specific definition or the number of times a musician is referenced in BPM's content, the "search" bar is front and center on every page. If you are not looking for something in particular, however—if the project is in its beginnings, or you wish to gather more information about a particular cultural context—that is where BPM really shines. On the upper right-hand side of every page, the user will find a menu with a tab titled "Explore", and three sub-headings labeled "Place", "Artist", and "Music Genres". Each of these leads to a page that draws on the BPM library's metadata to create a list of thousands of [End Page 345] alphabetically-organised categories, all of which are populated by a clearly-marked number of data points consisting of entries from the encyclopedias, chapters, or articles from the book series, and extra informational content. I might, for example, scroll down the "Artist" page to find "Beyoncé Knowles (3)". One click provides me with a list of every time her name appears in BPM's holdings: an "artist page" (complete with photograph), and two articles in the Bloomsbury Encyclopedia VIII on "R&B, Contemporary", and "Hip-Hop". A quick perusal of the "Place" page uncovers 177 hits for the "United Kingdom" category, forty-five hits for "Cuba", and one for "Cyprus". Under "Music Genres", the "W" section alone is a treasure trove of juxtapositions: "Waiata (Song)" sits comfortably next to "Waltz", "Western Swing", "Waila", "Wedding Songs", "Wienerlied", "Waka", "West Coast Jazz", and that questionable catch-all, "World Music". My eye, however, was caught by the twenty-nine hits associated with the Music Genres category "Art Rock"; I clicked through. "Art Rock" features Artists' Pages (from Pink Floyd to Yoko Kanno), entries in the 33 1/3 series (featuring Brian Eno, Television, Patti Smith, and more), Bloomsbury Encyclopedia articles (as diverse as Utrecht and Avant-Pop), and one scholarly book by Shelton Waldrep titled Future Nostalgia: Performing David Bowie. In the left side bar, BPM lists a set of "subjects", further breaking down the metadata associated with my twenty-nine results. Five of these hits concern The Velvet Underground, I discover, under the "Artists" subject. Twenty-seven are cross-listed with "Rock", and nine with the "New York Downtown Scene". I notice in "Periods" that nineteen of my hits are attached to the 1970s and only one to the 1920s. Under the "Topics" subject, various hits are cross-listed with "Social Phenomena", "Performers and Performing", "Music Industry", "Radio", "Gender", "Rhythm", and "Religion"—twenty-six topics in all. Which of my hits specifically deal with "Art Rock" and "Gender"?, I wonder. Click: the 33 1/3 Patti Smith's Horses by Philip Shaw, Waldrup's Future Nostalgia, and a Bloomsbury Encyclopedia entry on "Russia". When I click through to Patti Smith's Horses, I am provided with...

Annual Bibliography of Philip Roth Criticism and Resources—2017

Annual Bibliography of Philip Roth Criticism and Resources—2017 Mike Witcombe (bio) What follows is a bibliography of Philip Roth-related texts published during 2017, including critical works (books, book chapters, journal essays, and special journal issues). All entries will reflect the format as defined in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook (2016). All sources are arranged in alphabetical order according to the author’s last name. Individual essays included in edited collections are grouped in “Book Chapters” and are cross-listed according to MLA style. Digital book editions, such as those designed for Amazon’s Kindle and Barnes and Noble’s Nook readers, are not included in this listing. Given the recent growth in e-book technology, digital versions of Roth’s texts are becoming standard practice. This being the case, none of these e-book versions are included in this bibliography. Readers and researchers can easily visit online booksellers to find digital editions. Mike Witcombe Mike Witcombe is Lecturer in English Literature at Bath Spa University, where he researches contemporary Jewish-American fiction. He has recently coedited an open access essay collection for the Open Library of the Humanities titled “New Voices in Jewish-American Fiction,” and has additional research interests in baseball fiction, videogames, and the history of psychoanalysis. BOOKS Baum, Devorah. Feeling Jewish (A Book for Just About Anyone). Yale UP, 2017. Google Scholar Connolly, Andy. Philip Roth and the American Liberal Tradition. Rowman & Littlefield, 2017. Google Scholar EDITED COLLECTIONS AND SPECIAL ISSUES Brühwiler, Claudia Franziska and Lee Trepanier, editors. A Political Companion to Philip Roth. UP of Kentucky, 2017. Google Scholar BOOK CHAPTERS Bloom, James D. “American Fiction After Mulvey.” Reading the Male Gaze in Literature and Culture: Studies in Erotic Epistemology, Palgrave MacMillan, 2017, pp. 165–88. Google Scholar Boozer, Jack. “The Intratextuality of Film Adaptation: From The Dying Animal to Elegy.” The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies, edited by Thomas Leitch, Oxford UP, 2017, pp. 197–213. Google Scholar Boswell, Marshall. “Ageing Novelists and the End of the American Century.” American Literature in Transition, 1990–2000, edited by Stephen J. Burn, Cambridge UP, 2017, pp. 48–62. Google Scholar Brühwiler, Claudia Franziska. “Serving his Tour as an ‘Exasperated Liberal and Indignant Citizen’: Philip Roth, a Public Intellectual?” A Political Companion to Philip Roth, Brühwiler and Trepanier, pp. 41–63. Carpi, Daniela. “Cultural Mobility and Diaspora: The Case of Philip Roth’s Operation Shylock.” Diaspora, Law and Literature, edited by Daniela Carpi and Klaus Stierstorfer, Walter de Gruyter, 2017, pp. 187–204. Google Scholar Connolly, Andy. “Philip Roth and the American ‘Underclass’ in The Human Stain.” Brühwiler and Trepanier, pp. 238–62. Festl, Michael G. “Four Pathologies and a State of Sanity: Political Philosophy and Philip Roth on the Individual in Society.” Brühwiler and Trepanier, pp. 95–118. Frediani, Federica. “Unsound Elegy: Breast Cancer in The Dying Animal by Philip Roth and Elegy by Isabel Coixet.” New Directions in Literature and Medicine Studies, edited by Stephanie Hilger, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 253–65. Google Scholar Gordon, Louis. “Three Voices or One? Philip Roth and Zionism.” Brühwiler and Trepanier, pp. 119–34. Kaplan, Brett Ashley. “The American Berserk in Sabbath’s Theater (1995).” Brühwiler and Trepanier, pp. 220–37. Kinzel, Till. “‘Novotny’s Pain’: Philip Roth on the Politics and Problem of Pain.” Brühwiler and Trepanier, pp. 161–71. Lang, Jessica. “American Fiction and the Act of Genocide.” Textual Silence: Unreadability and the Holocaust, Rutgers UP, 2017, pp. 119–54. Google Scholar Maurer, Yael. “The Body Politic: Philip Roth’s American Men.” Brühwiler and Trepanier, pp. 172–90. Palmer, R. Barton. “Authorial Second Lives: Machaut, Chaucer, and Philip Roth.” Machaut’s Legacy: The Judgment Poetry Tradition in the Later Middle Ages and Beyond, edited by R. Barton Palmer and Burt Kimmelman, UP of Florida, 2017, pp. 271–96. Google Scholar Parrish, Timothy. “History and Fiction.” The Cambridge Companion to Postmodern American Fiction, edited by Paula Geyh, Cambridge UP, 2017, pp. 81–96. Google Scholar Pozorski, Aimee. “‘An ear in search of a word’: Writing and the Politics of Listening in Roth’s I Married a Communist.” Brühwiler and Trepanier, pp. 15–40. Shipe, Matthew...

Call for Fiction Reviews

Call for Fiction Reviews Jeff Karnicky Dear SLSA colleagues: Configurations publishes three to five reviews of scholarly books in each quarterly issue. Beginning in 2018, we would like to add review essays of fiction that is in conversation with issues relevant to the SLSA. Fiction informs, reflects, and influences our understanding of science in the twenty-first century, and can lead us to think about things like global warming, medical ethics, and even basic science differently. We welcome proposals for review essays of two thousand to three thousand words that consider the works of a specific author of fiction in relation to any of the issues that the SLSA addresses. We are particularly interested in review essays that focus on the diversity of contemporary fiction, in any genre, including authors such as Nnedi Okorafor, Deji Bryce Olukotun, Jeff VanderMeer, Cixin Liu, Barbara Kingsolver, Margaret Atwood, and Claire Vaye Watkins. Review essays should focus on two or more works by the same author, or on a cluster of fiction that shares a specific interest (video games, apocalypse, genetic engineering, etc.). Review essays should focus on the fiction being considered. As we envision these pieces as being relatively short, works cited should be limited. Inquiries and brief proposals can be sent to Jeff Karnicky at jeff.karnicky@drake.edu. [End Page 235] Jeff Karnicky Drake University Copyright © 2018 Johns Hopkins University Press and the Society for Literature, Science, and the Arts

Exploring the Determinants of Scholarly Book Prices in the Fields of Science, Technology, and Medicine

Exploring the Determinants of Scholarly Book Prices in the Fields of Science, Technology, and Medicine

Michael Norman Salda

Michael Norman Salda Kevin J. Harty Michael Norman Salda, 57, died on October 16, 2015, in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, after an almost decade-long battle with Multiple Sclerosis. Born and reared in Nebraska, Michael received his BA, MA, and PhD from the University of Chicago, where he wrote his dissertation on Chaucer. Salda had taught at The University of Southern Mississippi since 1991, serving in a number of capacities at the university, including Chair of the Department of English. When I subsequently met his colleagues at meetings of the Association of Departments of English, they were all unanimous in their praise for the skill, sensitivity, and just plain common sense that he displayed as department head in a time of great turbulence at the university. He held the rank of Full Professor at the time of his death. Michael was an expert in medieval literature and Arthuriana. Written in part, he always said, thanks to 'a nudge' from me, his Arthurian Animation: A Study of Cartoon Camelots on Film and Television (McFarland, 2014) defined a new area of study, and will remain the definitive work in that field. Michael was known throughout the Southern Mississippi campus for his dedication to his students, who encountered him across a wide range of courses in person and on-line. His work in on-line pedagogy garnered the university a Pew Grant and Michael a national award. Those of us who knew Michael professionally benefitted from the friendship of a truly gentle, kind man whose scholarly knowledge, which he freely shared with others, was encyclopedic. His other publications included The Malory Debate: Essays on the Texts of Le Morte Darthur, co-edited with Bonnie Wheeler and Robert L. Kindrick (Boydell and Brewer, 2000), and a number of essays in scholarly journals and essay collections. He also regularly reviewed new scholarly books for a variety of journals, including Arthuriana, and maintained three online archives: The Jack and the Beanstalk/Jack the Giant Killer Project (1997; rev. 2005); The Little Red Riding Hood Project (1995; rev. 2005); and The Cinderella Project (1995; rev. 1997, 1999, 2005). [End Page 69] A memorial service was held for Michael on December 4, 2015, on the University of Southern Mississippi campus. Of studie took he moost cure and most heede.Noght o word spak he moore than was neede,And was seyd in forme and reverence,And short and quyk and ful of hy sentence.Sownynge in moral vertu was his speeche,And gladly wolde he lerne and gladly teche. Geoffrey Chaucer, 'The General Prologue,' The Canterbury Tales, ll. 305-310 Click for larger view View full resolution [End Page 70] Kevin J. Harty La Salle University Copyright © 2018 Scriptorium Press

Four Recent Books on Xinjiang and Uyghur History

Four Recent Books on Xinjiang and Uyghur History James A. Millward Borderland Capitalism: Turkestan Produce, Qing Silver, and the Birth of an Eastern Market by Kwangmin Kim. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2016. Pp. xvii + 294. $65.00 cloth, $65.00 e-book. The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History by Rian Thum. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014. Pp. viii + 323. $41.00 cloth, $39.95 e-book. Uyghur Nation: Reform and Revolution on the Russia-China Frontier by David Brophy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016. Pp. 344. $39.95 cloth, $39.95 e-book. Xinjiang and the Modern Chinese State by Justin M. Jacobs. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2016. Pp. xvi + 299. $50.00 cloth, $30.00 paper, $30.00 e-book. A reader new to Xinjiang who takes on the four recent scholarly books under review here will be struck—and possibly confused—by the many terms these authors use for the people who comprise the most numerous indigenes of Xinjiang.1 For Rian Thum, they are Altishahris [End Page 515] (from Uyg. “people of the six cities”); for Kwangmin Kim, oasis Muslims; Justin Jacobs, writing of the early twentieth century, calls them “Uighurs,” while pointing out that contemporaneous Chinese documents often referred to them as chantou 纏頭 (turbaned heads).2 These authors generally avoid “East Turkestani,” a term that I once used in Beyond the Pass (I hoped at the time that my usage would be taken as a geographical designation and not a political statement).3 David Brophy describes the process itself whereby people called Kashgaris, Taranchis, Altishahris, and even “Jungharians” (Zunghars) more or less agreed to be Uyghurs.4 (See the map in fig. 1 with some of these locations.) This plethora of names arises in part from the fact that the ethnonym Uyghur was not applied to or widely adopted by the people we now call Uyghur until the first third of the twentieth century; historians have been anxious to avoid anachronism when the construction of Uyghur ethnic or national identity has itself been a major focus of scholarly attention. But more than that, the onomastic complexity reflects the multidimensional nature of Xinjiang’s history. An elephant, of course, is not an apt totem for desert Xinjiang. Still, these books evoked for me a couple of metaphorical elephants. I leave one of them to the end of this essay. As for the other, although the authors here are far from blind, the parable of the blind men and the elephant fits the subject at hand: we enjoy disparate views depending on how the authors approach the subject and with which sources and in which languages. These distinctions, moreover, go beyond a simple Chinese versus Uyghur binary or even that of Chinese versus Inner Asian sources. That such nuances are revealed is one of the strengths of [End Page 516] Click for larger view View full resolution Fig. 1. Map of the Xinjiang Region. The Xinjiang region is shown in relation to the present-day borders of neighboring countries and provincial or regional territories of China. Note that the transcription of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakstan, as preferred by these countries, derive from Russian and thus are different from Kirghiz and Kazakh peoples, whose transcriptions are derived from indigenous languages. Source : James A. Millward, Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang (New York, Columbia University Press, 2007), p. xx, map 1. [End Page 517] this newest stage of Xinjiang and Uyghur historiography. Kim’s Borderland Capitalism draws our attention to the Turkic elites, the begs (Ch. boke 伯克), as native exponents of Qing empire in southern Xinjiang during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, with a past in western Turkestan and political links to Beijing, as well as economic ties east and west. Thum’s book, though set in the same geographic space and at roughly the same time as Kim’s, depicts a chronologically and geographically fuzzy world, one that purposefully ignored its contemporaneous political situation within the Qing empire and was instead delineated by hagiographies and networks of shrines, a literary-spatial system around which an Altishahri consciousness emerged in the broader context of the Islamic world. Brophy shows that it was early twentieth-century intellectual and...