Scholarly Accomplishments Research Articles

INTERROGATING RACE, CRIME, AND JUSTICE IN A TIME OF UNEASE AND RACIAL TENSION

This address has a twofold purpose. First, as the first African American to serve as president of the American Society of Criminology (ASC), I celebrate the contributions of scholars of color to the study of crime and criminal justice and to the ASC. I do so by pointing out the accomplishments of several African American scholars whose contributions are numerous and exemplary. I also emphasize that African Americans are joined in their efforts by scholars of multiple other colors, including, Latinos/as, Native Americans, and Asians. Second, in view of responses to apparent unrest and racial tension in U.S. society that is signaled by lethal violence between police and U.S. residents of color, I offer four recommendations regarding how we might proceed with our research, and report our findings, in ways that improve the likelihood of helping to inform societal debates and policy developments around crime and justice issues. In my conclusion, I encourage the ASC to 1) continue to grow the diversity of its membership and to integrate the research and findings of scholars of color into the mainstream of criminology; and 2) take further steps to conduct research and share findings with diverse audiences to ensure that post‐truth does not become normative regarding crime and justice issues.

KILKA UWAG O BADANIACH NAD ROMANIZACJĄ STATUTÓW LITEWSKICH

SOME REMARKS ON THE STUDY OF THE ROMANIZATION OF LITHUANIAN STATUTESSummary The article is dedicated to the issues connected with the reception of Roman Law in the Lithuanian statutes of 1529, 1566, and 1588. After an analysis of the existing scholarly accomplishments in the field, one cannot but conclude that the study of the influence of the Roman Law on Lithuanian codifications has hardly been started yet. Despite the fairly long tradition of research in this field, so far only selected elements of the first and second statutes have been analyzed in order to identify Roman constituents. The research carried out in 1930s by Raphael Taubenschlag, Franciszek Bossowski, and Karol Koranyi demonstrated which Roman Law noticeably influenced the statutory regulations pertaining to family law, law of property, law of succession, criminal and procedural law. Their observations partly confirmed the findings previously made in the nineteenth century by Aleksander Mickiewicz, Franciszek Morze, and Ignacy Daniłowicz. At the same time, nothing is still known about the scope of Romanization in the third Lithuanian statute or about the transformations which Roman elements underwent in each of the statutes. Without further study of the subject, one cannot assess the role of Roman law in the Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita).It seems that the most fertile ground for identification of Roman elements in the third Lithuanian statute is tutorship and succession law, especially testamentary succession. Some interesting and original observations could be made on the basis of a more thorough comparative analysis of the pertinent Roman and Lithuanian regulations.

Body’s Image Concerns And Its Impact On Academic Achievements

1.1. Introduction:Someone`s self-perception is somebody's very own mental representation or identity or as organized definitive learning about one's self that could manage the social conduct. Young people observed to be occupied with redesigning and figuring their mental self-image. Poor self-perception diminishes self-adequacy and self-regard which cause mutilation in scholarly accomplishment. 1.2. Method:An observational study was led utilizing online questionnaire, 160 college undergraduates from various health sciences disciplines were included including both male, and female subjects. Effect of mental self-perception on educational accomplishments was examined. 1.3. Results:Results revealed that, physical appearance or body image did affect academic achievement or scholastic accomplishment. Most of the undergraduate students showed concerns regarding self-image, they get distressed due to physical appearance, further, their physical appearance also interfere in getting education and performing daily tasks. It is also observed that students who are satisfied with their self-image obtained higher grades as compare to their counterparts. Students found to be involve in watching TV as well as reading beauty magazine which also influence their cognitive powers and hence change their self-regard. 1.4. Conclusion: Understanding of connections between a positive self-perception and academic achievement can influence programs that are offered at college and universities. This study could be useful to academic wellbeing instructors, faculty and student affairs professionals involved in students counseling and motivations. Further research is needed to explore the link between academic success and lack of society`s concern regarding idea about beauty in reality.

A qualitative study of undergraduate nursing students toward effective teaching behaviors

Objective To explore the experience of undergraduate nursing students toward effective teaching behaviors of their teachers and provide evidence for improving teaching quality in clinical nursing. Methods A total of 13 baccalaureate nursing students were selected and interviewed using purposive sampling between September and October in 2015. Data were analyzed with phenomenological approach. Results Four themes were extracted: teacher-student relationship, role model, teaching methods and scholarly accomplishment. Conclusions Teachers should build harmonious teacher-student relationship, guide nursing students based on role model, pay attention to information technology in clinical teaching and construct meaningful study. Key words: Clinical nursing teacher; Nursing major; Undergraduate education; Teaching behavior; Qualitative study

From adaptive control to variable structure systems – seeking harmony

From adaptive control to variable structure systems – seeking harmony

Demographics and Scholarly Productivity of American Board of Anesthesiology Volunteers: Results of an Internet-Based Bibliometric Analysis.

The American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) has been responsible for certification of anesthesiologists since 1938. Selected ABA diplomates provide their expertise to write the ABA's written and oral examinations and to administer the oral examination required for primary certification. The demographics, administrative and educational duties, and scholarly productivity of ABA volunteers and their dependence on subspecialty certification, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) credentials, and grant funding are unknown. Observational study. Internet analysis. ABA volunteers who participated in the 2015 primary certification examinations identified from the 2016 issue of ABA News. None. The 2016 issue of ABA News was downloaded from the public ABA website and was used to identify all volunteers who participated in any aspect of the 2015 primary certification process. Each individual's practice type, faculty rank if applicable, and affiliation were identified using Google with the keyword "anesthesiology." The practice location, time, and interval after original ABA certification; additional ABA subspecialty certification; the number of publications and citations; publication rate; citations per publication; and the H-, M-, and i-10 indices were obtained using the ABA and Scopus databases. Credentials in TEE were identified for each individual using the National Board of Echocardiography database. National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research (FAER) funding for each volunteer was evaluated using NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools and the FAER alumni databases, respectively. Three hundred ninety-three ABA volunteers were identified and analyzed. Three hundred ten individuals currently hold academic appointments (83.5%), whereas 83 (16.5%) hold private practice or military positions. Sixty-seven volunteers have major administrative roles (eg, dean, chief executive officer, associate or assistant dean, chair, vice chair). Thirty-five individuals are program directors of anesthesiology residencies or fellowships. Volunteers published 10,072 manuscripts that have been cited 194,835 times. Volunteers also received 51 NIH grants and 36 FAER grants. The median H-, M-, and i10-indices of volunteers were 4, 0, and 3, respectively. Scholarly productivity was dependent on academic rank, career duration, additional degrees, and extramural funding, but not on practice location, subspecialty certification, TEE credentials, or sex. These results indicated that ABA volunteers are leaders in anesthesiology with established records of administrative, educational, and scholarly accomplishment.

The American Journal of Psychiatry Residents' Journal: Training the Next Generation of Academic Psychiatrists.

The American Journal of Psychiatry Residents' Journal: Training the Next Generation of Academic Psychiatrists.

A World for My Daughter: An Ecologist's Search for Optimism

Alejandro Frid lives the life that many of us scientists wish we could. Fiercely devoted to his passions, he has not only earned scholarly accomplishments but also adventured and lived in landscapes about which the rest of us can only dream. On Yukon rivers, among the archipelagos of Haida Gwaii, and wild places in between, Frid’s wide-eyed daughter, Twyla Bella, has been by his side. In A World for My Daughter: An Ecologist’s Search for Optimism (Caitlin Press, 2015), Frid takes the rest of us on their adventures, including those driven by his intellectual inquiry. Where does he lead us? Engaging his solid understanding and experience across a range of ecological and conservation dimensions, Frid allows us to imagine a realistic optimism, a destination we all search for in a world increasingly haunted by ecological darkness. Anyone who has ever been a parentor child, for that matterwill delight in the book’s structure. Each chapter takes the form of a letter to Twyla Bella, who will no doubt cherish this book when she can understand its depth (likely sooner than later, considering the rich experiences of her childhood). All signed lovingly by “Pops”, the chapters tell the stories of Frid’s own life. The earliest takes place in the forests ascending from the frigid fiords of Chile, 14 years BP (“before parenthood”). Chasing poorly known but highly endangered huemul, Frid works with the spirit and intensity of field biologists of yesteryear. As a sole author, and barely 25, he revealed some of the first detailed scientific understanding of this ungulate’s habitat use and social structure (Frid 1994). Twenty-five years later he and Twyla Bella are 12,000 km away, bobbing in the remote seas of coastal British Columbia measuring rockfish age structures in a project designed to ensure food security for local First Nations. Tales like these not only take us to these magical places but also serve as vehicles to weave in content related to fisheries and wildlife science, intergenerational climate justice, Indigenous resurgence, and more. A chapter I still think about, now months later, is Vibrant Tension. I found out that Dr. Seuss evidently earned his doctorate in ecology. Frid explains that this children’s author was decades ahead of the contemporary literature on the “ecology of fear.” As he unpacked the storybook’s plot, my BOOK REVIEW

The Eyeline of Orestes: Exploring the Dramaturgy of Civic Space in the Greek Theatre

The Eyeline of OrestesExploring the Dramaturgy of Civic Space in the Greek Theatre Samuel T. Shanks (bio) Writing about Greek theatre is notoriously hazardous. Solid physical evidence is scarce, and we only have a handful of plays to represent the entire period. Nevertheless, the Greeks continue to be of critical importance to twenty-first-century theatre academics and practitioners. Greek theatre is featured prominently in nearly every “Introduction to Theatre” and theatre history course, and adaptations and revival productions appear consistently in our production seasons. Therefore, despite the challenges of working in this corner of the field, we must continue to reengage this small but disproportionally important body of evidence to see if our ever-evolving array of critical tools can bring new insights to our understanding of the period. Naturally, this requires us to operate more theoretically than we would if we were working in a more recent period. Our analyses, which rest upon these more abstractly derived theories, will subsequently be shakier and more subject to later revision. Yet such theoretical contributions may nevertheless provide useful insights into how these enduring classics may have operated in their own time, and how modern adaptations and revivals might best bring them to life in ours. In this brief article I examine a number of important moments from The Oresteia with a particular eye toward what I describe as the play’s “dramaturgy of space.” My analysis of this spatial dramaturgy is informed by prior scholarship that has helped us to understand the sociological position of the Greek theatre structure as a civic space within Greek society, rather than simply a site of entertainment. Undergirding my discussion of The Oresteia’s dramaturgy of space is an ongoing analysis of the physical layout of the classical Theatre of Dionysus at Athens, the trilogy’s original performance venue. Noteworthy studies [End Page 41] of the use of space in the Greek theatre have preceded this one, and my work is built in part upon the accomplishments of these prior scholars. Oliver Taplin’s 1977 book The Stagecraft of Aeschylus was groundbreaking in its exhaustive analysis of the spatial implications built into the play-texts themselves; Tragedy in Athens: Performance Space and Theatrical Meaning, by David Wiles, takes a sophisticated and highly nuanced approach to analyzing the civic and religious dynamics of Greek tragedies.1 My analysis of The Oresteia operates somewhere between these two studies, maintaining much of the pragmatic flavor of Taplin’s study while being heavily informed by more recent generations of scholars, like Wiles, whose attention to the cultural context from which the plays arose has proved so valuable. Further informing my own analysis are recent insights into human perception emerging from neuroscience research, which are increasingly being utilized by scholars in the humanities in much the same way that research from psychology informed the psychoanalytical approaches to criticism in the mid- to late twentieth century. Often loosely categorized under the umbrellas of cognitive studies or cognitive science, this research emerges from a remarkably diverse array of scientific disciplines. The value in bringing the emerging perspectives of cognitive studies to bear on an analysis of ancient theatrical productions comes from our understanding of the universality of many of the mechanisms of human perception across cultures and eras. Social customs and religious attitudes have changed dramatically in the nearly 2,500 years since the first production of The Oresteia, but the anatomy of the human eye, and the neurological structure that connects it to the mind, has not. We may have to continually hedge our statements regarding the precise layout of the classical Theatre of Dionysus at Athens, but we can discuss with great confidence the perceptual mechanisms that allowed the spectators to imaginatively transform the scenery into the palace of the House of Atreus. Although the kind of cultural contextualization that has become such a familiar part of our scholarship over the past few decades implicitly increases our focus on the spectatorial versus the textual aspects of theatre, an analysis rooted in cognitive studies will tend to focus on spectatorship in a far more literal way. Thus my analysis of spatial dramaturgy will necessarily include more than just the...

What we know, don’t know, and should know about confusion marketing

Purpose– The purpose of the paper is to bring to the attention of academics the innovations which have rapidly been developed to sell goods and services across sectors using what the authors describe as “confusion marketing”.Design/methodology/approach– This is a conceptual, integrative, critical assessment of a number of marketing disciplines addressing aspects of confusion marketing. Confusion practices are evolving rapidly, with little theoretical explanation of why many of them are successful. This paper seeks to answer such questions by examining a wide range of sectors and confusion practices.Findings– Patterns are identified across sectors, companies and business practices, providing the basis for this holistic assessment of marketing research on confusion since its inception and the design of a systemic framework of confusion.Research limitations/implications– The study attempts to bring all marketing schools and traditions of confusion together and presents a synthesis of scholarly accomplishments in the area by matching them, where possible, to current practices. It advances extant literature by designing a systemic framework which has, so far, been absent in marketing and by identifying avenues for future research maturation.Practical implications– This discussion challenges assumptions regarding the ethicality, sustainability and profitability of confusion practices. Businesses practicing confusion are successful, suggesting that such practices may be economically sustainable. Contrary to expectations in marketing, confusion seems to benefit some consumers; confusion practices are not necessarily unethical or detrimental.Originality/value– Confusion is a controversial area in marketing. Although the literature on confusion has grown, extant research continues to concentrate on consumers’ perceptions of confusion and tends to assume that confusion practices are undesirable, unethical and unsustainable. This paper provides a first integrative critical analysis of marketing thinking and challenges the aforementioned literature assumptions, demonstrating that past research has not sufficiently explained the nature, consequences and success of confusion marketing.

Health care in America: a history

HEALTH CARE IN AMERICA: A HISTORY John C. Burnham Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015, 616 pp., $34.95 (paperback), $65.00 (hardcover).There is a broad general consensus that if we were starting with a blank slate and designing a health care system or enterprise for the United States today, the finished product likely would bear only very limited resemblance to the jumbled patchwork in evidence currently. Of course, though, we do not have the freedom to work with a tabula rasa and instead function as creatures who are both informed and empowered, on one hand, and bound, on the other, by our history. Our history, depending on one's perspective, either properly restrains us from making abrupt, radical changes or improperly prevents us from making needed, rational changes. In either event, knowing something about our history is necessary to understand why the present American health care system-for better or worse-looks like it does.Health Care in America: A History tells one version of this story, from the perspective of Ohio State University historian John C. Burnham. This volume not only details the evolution of medical science but also explains changes in how that medical science has been provided to patients and how providers have been paid for what they provide. This book is a scholarly accomplishment, written for serious students of medical history and health policy, of nearly 500 pages of text, many fascinating pictures and other graphics, 88 pages composed of more than a thousand endnotes, and a 16-page topical index.The 400-year time span covered is 1607 (the date of the first permanent European settlement in the New World) through the first decade of the 21st century. To support the author's central theme, he traces the progression of health care in the United States chronologically through the epochs of deference to tradition (1607-1880s) into modernization (1880s-1980s), characterized as the process of organizational and technological innovation, and finally into a post-1980s epoch characterized by a significant shiftin the physician-patient relationship.Out of this rich historical rendition, the reader may draw many lessons, some obvious but others perhaps unexpected. One lesson is that the current consumer information age (exemplified, e.g., by medical information on the Internet, direct-to-consumer advertising of medical products and services for real and industry-created diseases and defects, and the marketing of home testing kits) is a direct descendant of the earliest days of health care delivery in the United States when, for instance, doctors wrote books and articles for the lay public and competitively marketed their services directly to patients. A second lesson is that issues pertaining to the method, source, and amount of provider payment for services rendered (such as hidden cross subsidies for hospitals) are timeless and ongoing. Similarly, concerns about health care access and affordability, with accompanying problems relating to health disparities, have been a constant challenge since the earliest days of American medicine. Many of yesterday's gripes and fears about our health care system sound distinctly familiar today. In the realm of the physician-patient relationship, present critics ought to note with irony the complaints widely voiced 60 years ago about medical practice becoming too high tech at the expense of high touch, with physicians functioning more as coordinators of care plans rather than as direct one-on-one healers. …

Sociology Hesitant: The Continuing Neglect of W.E.B. Du Bois

W.E.B. Du Bois’ early work as a sociologist from 1896 to 1914 represents a milestone in the development of modern sociology. His empirical studies often employed a triangular methodological approach, and by grounding The Philadelphia Negro in what is the earliest extensive social survey by an American sociologist, Du Bois set the stage for the growth of sociology as a legitimate science. In fact, his approach became the model that the discipline eventually followed. Had Du Bois been white, he would have been recognized as a leading founder of the field. Since Du Bois’ early sociological scholarship was completed during the height of the Jim Crow era, his brilliant landmark work was largely negated by the profession. His scholarly accomplishments clearly focused on establishing a scientific sociology. Based on his exemplary work, can sociology finally negate the sociological negation of W.E.B. Du Bois?

Foreword

Around the Eisenberg dinner table for the past couple of decades or so, conversations have consistently turned to data analysis. My father, Ted, the empirical legal studies guru; my sister, Kate, the epidemiologist; her husband, Aaron, the biostatistician; and my brother, Tom, the economics student, all seemed to become energized when we could switch from the more mundane matters of daily life to what everyone really wanted to talk about—data sources, data gaps, linear regressions, Stata, and other people's misinterpretations of data. My mother and I, the only nonstatisticians (other than my sister's children, Dylan and Ollie, who are known, however, to wear child-sized Stata T-shirts), might roll our eyes at each other, but really we were all on board with the importance of data, and with the empirical legal studies movement. It is not surprising that the majority of our family has gone down the statistical analysis road as well because, as so many have noted since my dad's passing, his enthusiasm was contagious. Of course, we all knew that where much of the magic happened was the Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, or JELS. My mother recently filled me in on some of the details of the JELS backstory: the idea was batted around casually for years, both at home and in the halls of Cornell Law School. She felt it would be brilliant to call it the Journal of Empirical Legal Opinion—or JELO—but the idea did not “gel.” Finally, in 2004, it came to fruition. My father was not only a very proud grandfather of Dylan and Ollie, but also proud to be known as the grandfather of empirical legal studies. If he could have lavished JELS with gifts the way he did Dylan and Ollie, he would have. My father had numerous professional accomplishments and passions, but JELS was the pinnacle. It was apparent he saw his colleagues at Cornell—some of whom he had known since 1981 or earlier—as an extension of his beloved family. My mother and I sat down to list the people who were most dear to him, but realized there are too many, particularly since, in recent years, the reach of his warmth and enthusiasm and the span of his cherished colleagues had transcended disciplines and borders, to Israel, to India, to Brazil, and beyond. I personally joined the Cornell Law School family in 2009 as a 1 L and had the opportunity to work with my father not just as a daughter, but as a colleague. I know one is not supposed to like law school, but I did. The three additional years I spent in Ithaca now seem more precious than ever, as does the fact that I was able to share the stage with my dad upon graduating in 2012. I did not anticipate embarking upon my legal career without him, but I like to think that, like JELS, my siblings, my brother-in-law, and I are a part of his legacy. And like JELS, we have benefited from his incisive editorial skills. We will carry with us forever some extremely specific mantras—“Write short sentences,” “Don't try to sound smart,” “Nothing tells a better story than a simple graph,” and “It's harder work to write less than more” come to mind. JELS represents the desire to contribute evidence-based reasoning to the pursuit of scholarship and justice. It is one of my father's proudest legacies. So, too, is a family full of statisticians. On behalf of my family, I would like to thank the JELS editorial board for their hard work on this great endeavor and this issue specifically, and to thank contributors and readers for their appreciation of this scholarly accomplishment.

Perceptions of division directors in general internal medicine about the importance of and support for scholarly work done by clinician-educators.

To determine perceptions of general internal medicine (GIM) division directors of the importance of and support for clinician-educators' (CEs') scholarship. In 2010, the authors identified 127 accredited U.S. MD-granting medical schools with a GIM division, identified 144 GIM directors, and were able to survey 129 of them. Directors were asked to rate the importance of specific CE scholarly accomplishments for promotion from assistant to associate professor, to describe current research support for CEs, and to state how they would support the scholarly work of CEs if they had funding. Fifty-five directors (42.6%) from 52 institutions responded; there were no significant differences between responding and nonresponding schools. Curriculum development, presentations at national meetings and other institutions, review articles, and book chapters were rated as "most/very important" or "important/somewhat important" by over 90%. Approximately half rated published original peer-reviewed articles as "most/very important"; slightly less than half rated these "not important," a difference associated with having a specific CE track. If $100,000 per year were available to enhance the scholarly productivity of CEs, directors suggested spending it on faculty development, project coordination, protected time for CEs, and methodological and statistical support. This nationwide survey of GIM division directors confirms that academic CEs in GIM are judged on a wide variety of scholarly activities, many of which are consistent across institutions. However, academic GIM CEs need to understand their institutions' specific criteria, especially regarding the value placed on original, peer-reviewed publications.

Introduction: SEA Symposium in Honor of Roger Sherman

This special issue is dedicated to the memory and scholarly accomplishments of Roger who died in 2010 at the age of 80 after a series of complications from a boating accident. The articles were selected from those presented by a group of Roger's former students and coauthors at a session entitled Studies in Regulation and Antitrust Inspired by Roger Sherman, which we organized for the 2010 Annual Meeting of the Southern Economic Association. We begin with a perspective on the legacy provided by Roger's long career, and then we provide a brief introduction for the articles included in this symposium.Roger Sherman majored in mathematics at Grove City College, where he was briefly expelled for organizing a boat party that violated college alcohol guidelines. After graduating, he resumed his seafaring interests by serving as a radar officer for a U.S. Navy amphibious command ship, where the onboard presence of an Admiral presumably helped ensure high standards of professional conduct. He left the Navy in 1956 to obtain an MBA in Finance from the University of Colorado. One of his Colorado accounting professors encouraged him to go to Harvard for a worthwhile MBA, which he finished in 1959.As a doctoral student at Carnegie-Mellon (then Carnegie Tech) in the 1960s, Roger began running laboratory experiments that were motivated by issues in industrial organization. Under the intellectual leadership of Herb Simon, the focus at Carnegie was interdisciplinary and behavioral, spanning economics, psychology, computer science, and politics, with a clear interest in models of bounded rationality and observed business behavior. The second year MBA management game involved a computer simulation of the demand side of a multimarket competition played out by the MBA students, which provided an early connection between teaching and experimentlike simulations. This focus on actual behavior spilled over into research, and Roger was one of the first students to use experimental economics techniques (with financially motivated subjects) in his doctoral dissertation. His first scholarly article, Individual Attitude Toward and Choice Between Prisoner's Dilemma Games, was published in the Journal of Psychology in 1967 (Sherman 1967).Roger's early scholarly work is collected and republished in the various chapters of his 1972 book, Oligopoly . The parts of this book that are most relevant for the articles included in this symposium are Chapters 6 and 7 on risk attitudes, capacity choice, and collusion. The measure of risk aversion used was the survey-based Wallach and Kogan (1961) Social Preference Scale. The score is based on presenting subjects with a risky alternative to the status quo and eliciting a of success that makes the subject prefer to take the risk. Holt and Laury (2014) describe this probability equivalence procedure and compare it with other menu-based procedures that have been used subsequently. Roger once raised the possibility of using the Social Preference Scale to measure risk aversion in a qualitative sense. Holt and Sherman ended up using an auction-based alternative with financial incentives in their symposium contribution, Risk Aversion and the Winner's Curse. This auction-based procedure produced a parameter estimate of relative risk aversion that could be used to make predictions. Non-numerical measures of risk taking do have one clear advantage in that the resulting measures tend to show more consistency over time. For example, a person who is willing to admit driving without a seatbelt in one year is likely to answer the question in the same way a year later.Roger Sherman was a risk taker in both his personal and professional life. He owned a collection of imported motorcycles and sports cars, and on several occasions he had to report to driving behavior modification school after being stopped for speeding. He resigned from a comfortable position at IBM to study for a Ph. …

A Research Elective Course on Dietary Supplements to Engage Doctor of Pharmacy Students in Primary Literature Evaluation and Scholarly Activity

Purpose: To develop and implement a research elective course to enhance skills of pharmacy students on primary literature evaluation and evidence-based practice on dietary supplements and generate scholarly publications. Methods: A 2 credit hour independent research elective course was designed and implemented in the third-year doctor of pharmacy curriculum. The course involved student-led research activities that included formulating research project, reviewing of primary literature, collection and evaluation of data, and writing of review articles for publication in peer-reviewed journals. An online survey was administered to evaluate students’ perceptions of the course. Results: Students successfully completed the course. The course resulted in peer-reviewed publications through student–faculty collaboration. Pharmacy students enrolled in the elective course perceived that the course helped them enhance their analytical reasoning, critical thinking and drug-literature evaluation skills, gain evidence-based knowledge, and apply the knowledge into practice during their advanced pharmacy practice experiences community pharmacy rotations. Conclusions: The course provided opportunity to the pharmacy students to not only critically search and evaluate the literature but also publish in peer-reviewed journals. Other pharmacy schools/colleges can adopt this course model to create opportunities for student–faculty collaborations toward scholarly accomplishments.

From Movement to Mentality, from Paradigm to Perspective, from Action to Performance: Law and Society at Mid‐Life

Kitty Calavita's Invitation to Law & Society: An Introduction to the Study of Real Law (2010) offers a broad and useful overview of the intellectual accomplishments of law and society scholars and a self‐confident assertion that they perform an invaluable service by focusing on “real law,” that is, law in action rather than law on the books. This essay argues that the field is more fragmented than Calavita notes and that law and society research is neither engaged with a common set of questions nor organized around a single central insight or an agreed‐upon paradigm. Moreover, this essay raises questions about Calavita's claims about “real” law and suggests that we complement law and society's traditional focus by examining the varied performances of law, whether in texts or in the world beyond those texts.

Louis Fisher: A Public Intellectual

During the 1950s, Isaiah Berlin wrote a famous essay entitled “The Hedgehog and the Fox.” The point behind the title is that the hedgehog knows one big thing and the fox knows many things. From this distinction, Berlin suggests there are two intellectual types: one who relates everything to a single idea and the other who explores a diversity of ideas. It is difficult and unrealistic to pigeonhole Fisher as one or the other intellectual type. The reality is that Fisher combines both types. My sense is that Fisher's wide diversity of scholarly and policy-influencing accomplishments, and his skepticism of conventional wisdom, put him in Berlin's second category rather than first. However, my position at the Congressional Research Service (CRS) also prompts me to say, on the other hand, one big idea has animated Fisher's contributions to the academic and political/legislative worlds. That idea is highlighted in the title of one of his plethora of publications:Defending Congress and the Constitution(2011). Of course, when you write about the Congress and the Constitution, you analyze—like Berlin's fox—a host of interrelated ideas and relationships: history, law, the presidency, the judiciary, and more.

Linguistic Anthropology in 2012: Language Matter(s)

ABSTRACTIn this article, I discuss the accomplishments of scholars of language and culture in 2012 and the questions raised by those accomplishments. I review matters of language—expansions and refinements of existing research topics, including linguistic relativity, language socialization, sociolinguistic variation, and language ideologies. I then consider a trend of research on topics of embodiment, materiality, and the senses, discussing the matter (in the physics sense) of language. I then use the term engagement to comment on developments in research on language endangerment, language circulation and shift, language and health, language and education, and language and social justice. This is rooted in the notion that language makes a difference (or matters) in cultural practice. I conclude with a brief discussion of the ontology of language, the epistemology of linguistic anthropology, and the roles of scholars of language and culture in anthropology as a whole.

Social Work Authorship

A colleague of mine claims that in addition to journals that accept only well-written manuscripts about quality research, there are journals that accept badly written articles about good research, journals that accept well-written articles about bad research, and others still that accept badly written articles about bad research. In other words, getting a manuscript published does not necessarily signify a major scholarly accomplishment. Yet an individual's scholarly productivity is often summed up as a simple publication count that may influence hiring, tenure, and promotion decisions; funding opportunities; and other professional rewards. Journal quality and author order are also taken into consideration in more nuanced evaluations of scholarly productivity (Geelhoed, Phillips, Fischer, Shpungin, & Gong, 2007; Seipel, 2003). Journal quality may be assessed by impact factor, rejection rate, and circulation size by the more assiduous evaluators of curricula vitae; however, there are limitations to these metrics. For example, although social work scholars are expected to show a degree of loyalty to the social work literature (Seipel, 2003), social work journals in general have notoriously low impact factors, and circulation size is a function of topical and methodological specificity, not just quality. Citation counts, which are now easily available online, provide additional useful information for evaluating scholarly contributions and influence, but they, too, suffer from various limitations that reduce their comparability across individuals, such as size of research community in a topical area and publication data (personal communication with M. O. Howard, Frank A. Daniels Distinguished Professor, School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, August 26, 2012). In sum, it is difficult to gauge the quality and impact of social work scholars' contributions, even if information on publication outlet and impact is sought out. Most often it is not sought out; simplistic counts are relied on to sum up scholarly activity. Although the only way to get published in better journals, presumably, is to do superior research and present it well, less honorable options may be used to influence publication counts and author order on manuscripts, such as using status and power to obtain authorship credit or deny it to others (Arthur et al., 2004; Geelhoed et al., 2007; Jones, 1999; Marusi, Bosnjak, & Jeroni, 2011; Street, Rogers, Israel, & Braunack-Mayer, 2010). The quest for long publication lists and sole or first authorship inject zero-sum dynamics into authorship decisions in academic settings, which are characterized by power differentials, competing professional needs, and differences of opinion about appropriate assignment of authorship credit. The socially constructed stakes of publication credits combined with the conditions in which authorship decisions are negotiated make it advisable for social work researchers to establish professionwide ethical standards for authorship assignment. Two goals of such standards are to increase the validity of publication records as indices of scholarly productivity, and thereby enhance their utility for numerous purposes, and to reduce the occurrence of unfairness and coercion in authorship decisions. Developing comprehensive standards applicable to all publishing situations and preventing all abuses of authorship policies are not realistic goals. But social work scholars may be able to reach consensus on a number of acceptable and unacceptable authorship practices and on mechanisms to promote ethical assignment of authorship. This editorial proposes authorship guidelines for social work researchers and challenges those in positions of authority to promote their use. THE PROBLEM Encouragement of collaboration by funders and the numerous specialized skills required in large projects have increased the likelihood that multiple individuals make substantial contributions to the same project and manuscripts. …