Transport Scheme Research Articles

Reconfigurable Fiber Wireless Fronthaul With A-RoF and D-RoF Co-Existence Through a Si3N4 ROADM for Heterogeneous Mmwave 5G C-RANs

Towards enabling bandwidth-hungry 5G applications, a Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) mobile fronthaul architecture is experimentally presented supporting the co-existence of spectrally efficient analog transport formats with Digital Radio over Fiber transport schemes, combined with millimeter wave (mmWave) high-capacity wireless channels. Flexible transport network reconfiguration is proposed by means of a low-loss 1 × 4 Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (ROADM) on TriPleX platform, selectively dropping four FiWi mmWave fronthaul links to four different antenna location. Detailed investigations of the proposed system are reported, including frequency characterization, multi-stage EVM penalty study and analog/digital traffic coexistence PHY layer feasibility. Following, four 10 Gb/s multi-band 16-QAM WDM FiWi analog IFoF links are transmitted through 10km fiber and 1-m directional V-band antennas and flexibly reconfigured by a Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ROADM, achieving a record 40 Gb/s wavelength-routed fronthaul capacity for mmWave 5G, while simultaneously meeting multiple 5G Use Cases within 3GPP requirements.

Contextual factors influencing the urban mobility infrastructure interventions and policies for older adults in low- and middle-income countries: a realist review

Transportation is among the key aspects that influence active ageing. This realist review intends to understand the mechanisms of urban mobility infrastructure interventions and policies in low- and middle-income countries for older adults and to identify factors, which influenced the success or failure of interventions. We followed the steps suggested by Pawson and colleagues for a realist review. Electronic databases were searched from inception until August 2020. Studies were screened based on titles, abstracts and full text. The quality of included studies was assessed based on rigour and relevance. The evidence was obtained from 36 articles with diverse study designs conducted in 36 low- and middle-income countries. Findings were validated through stakeholder consultations from three low- and middle-income countries. Of the various individual factors identified, behaviour change communication interventions were low-cost, had a long-term impact and were efficient in increasing awareness among users to improve safety, social inclusion and about transport schemes for older adults. Improved transport infrastructure resulted in a shift from private to public transportation. For a sustainable urban transport infrastructure, good governance and involvement of stakeholders for planning and implementing transport interventions were considered necessary. Lack of evaluation, experience of transport planners, and inter-sectoral coordination were key challenges to successful interventions. The review highlighted a lack of older adult-specific transportation policies, and gender-targeted interventions for older women, suggesting a need for interventions and policies based on the contextual factors existing in a region.

脑血管病全血样本的采集、储存及转运标准化流程与解决方案 A Standardized Scheme of Collection, Storage and Transportation of Whole Blood Samples of Cerebrovascular Disease

脑血管病全血样本的采集、储存及转运标准化流程与解决方案 A Standardized Scheme of Collection, Storage and Transportation of Whole Blood Samples of Cerebrovascular Disease

Veterinary and sanitary examination of deer and horse meat obtained with the traditional slaughter method in Yakutia.

One of the pressing issues in the Far North region is the problem of traditional slaughter of herding horses at horse farms and domestic reindeer in coral in sub-zero temperatures. To preserve meat of high sanitary quality, we have developed methodological guidelines "Rules for killing deer in corals and horses at horse farms, in the traditional way in relation to the territory of Yakutia." Yakutia has vast areas that are most often used only as agricultural land or pastures for horses, and in the tundra part as pastures for deer. At the same time, the transport and communication scheme in these territories is completely absent. Which, of course, makes it impossible or resource-costly to create a slaughter shop in the tundra or at a remote conebase. The natural-climatic and regional features of horse breeding and reindeer husbandry in the Far North create certain difficulties in organizing slaughter shops for herd horses at horse farms and domestic reindeer in corals. The technology of slaughtering animals at slaughtering sites includes: stunning, slaughter and exsanguination of livestock, skin shooting, separation of the head, lower parts of the limbs, removal of internal organs, separation (sawing) of carcasses into half-ears or quarters, cleaning and weighing. Traditional slaughter of deer in corals and horses in conebases in Yakutia is carried out with the onset of cold weather, when a stable snow cover is formed and the ambient temperature reaches -18?S- 20?S. The purpose of our scientific research was to prove the safety of meat and slaughter products obtained by the traditional method in slaughter sites in the open air. To do this, we set the tasks of conducting a complete veterinary and sanitary study of meat obtained in the traditional way, including environmental indicators.

Перспективы комплексного использования отходов лесозаготовительного производства

Using the example of the Krasnoborsk district in the Arkhangelsk region, the prospects of using felling residues as raw materials for the production of fuel briquettes are investigated. The technology of logging residues and production of fuel briquettes is proposed. Transportation schemes of logging waste to briquette production plants and briquettes to local energy sources have been developed.

An Extension of Gmunu: General-relativistic Resistive Magnetohydrodynamics Based on Staggered-meshed Constrained Transport with Elliptic Cleaning

We present the implementation of general-relativistic resistive magnetohydrodynamics solvers and three divergence-free handling approaches adopted in the General-relativistic multigrid numerical (Gmunu) code. In particular, implicit–explicit Runge–Kutta schemes are used to deal with the stiff terms in the evolution equations for small resistivity. The three divergence-free handling methods are (i) hyperbolic divergence cleaning (also known as the generalized Lagrange multiplier), (ii) staggered-meshed constrained transport schemes, and (iii) elliptic cleaning through a multigrid solver, which is applicable in both cell-centered and face-centered (stagger grid) magnetic fields. The implementation has been tested with a number of numerical benchmarks from special-relativistic to general-relativistic cases. We demonstrate that our code can robustly recover from the ideal magnetohydrodynamics limit to a highly resistive limit. We also illustrate the applications in modeling magnetized neutron stars, and compare how different divergence-free handling methods affect the evolution of the stars. Furthermore, we show that the preservation of the divergence-free condition of the magnetic field when using staggered-meshed constrained transport schemes can be significantly improved by applying elliptic cleaning.

A modal shift due to a free within-destination tourist bus scheme: Multimodality and transport equity implications

The idea of the modal shift has been central to transport policymaking in the past few decades. Fare-free public transport (FFPT) schemes are among the potential policy instruments that are expected to promote modal shifts. After the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak, FFPT schemes have been implemented in large tourist destination areas in China to attract visitors. However, although FFPT has been practiced across the globe, its effect on travel modal shifts and transport equity is still under scrutiny.This paper, therefore, employs the notion of multimodality and indices for perceived accessibility and equity to investigate whether an FFPT scheme in tourist destination areas encourages a modal shift and promotes transport equity. A two-wave survey was conducted before and after the restoration of within-destination tourist bus tickets in the Mount Yandang Scenic Area, a famous tourist attraction in the Yangtze River delta. Propensity score matching (PSM) was then employed to analyse the treatment effect of the FFPT scheme. Our results indicate that, although the FFPT scheme significantly increased tourists' multimodality, the modal share of within-destination tourist buses was not significantly changed. More surprisingly, we found a modal shift from car-based services such as taxis to informal transportation provided by B&B operators and local residents. Moreover, it is notable that informal transport modes significantly influenced tourists' perceived accessibility and transport equity. Therefore, the tourism industry should encourage the integration of within-destination buses and informal transport modes to encourage multimodal travel, which is more sustainable ecologically and socially.

Global random walk solvers for reactive transport and biodegradation processes in heterogeneous porous media

Flow and multicomponent reactive transport in saturated/unsaturated porous media are modeled by ensembles of computational particles moving on regular lattices according to specific random walk rules. The occupation number of the lattice sites is updated with a global random walk (GRW) procedure which spreads the particles from a lattice site with computational costs comparable to those for a single random walk step in sequential procedures. To cope with the nonlinearity and the degeneracy of the Richards equation the GRW flow solver uses linearization techniques similar to the L-scheme developed in finite element/volume approaches. Numerical schemes for reactive transport, coupled with the flow solver via numerical solutions for saturation and water flux, are implemented in splitting procedures. Diffusion–advection steps are solved by GRW algorithms using either biased or unbiased random walk probabilities. Since the number of particles in GRW simulations can be as large as the number of molecules involved in chemical reactions, one avoids the cumbersome problem of rescaling particle densities to approximate concentrations. Reaction steps are therefore formulated in terms of concentrations, as in deterministic approaches. The numerical convergence of the new schemes is demonstrated by comparisons with manufactured analytical solutions. Coupled flow and reactive transport problems of contaminant biodegradation described by the Monod model are further solved and the influence of flow nonlinearity/degeneracy and of the spatial heterogeneity of the medium is investigated numerically.

Analysis and assessment of the conditions for transportation of dangerous goods along the danube as part of a multimodal scheme

Much of the dangerous goods Classes 2 and 3 are transported under the multimodal water and land transport scheme. The report analyzes the transport of dangerous goods Class 2 and 3, taking into account the specifics of transport and storage. Because of the serious risks of transporting large quantities of dangerous goods, they are also transported along the Danube River by vessels to the river ports, from where they are distributed to the gas stations in the country by trucks.

The routing of medical evacuation of patients with ruptures of cerebral aneurysms from remote out-of-the-way rural area.

The patients with aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) living in remote, inaccessible, rural areas cannot be provided with urgent neurosurgical care on the spot. They require medical evacuation (ME) to neurosurgical hospital. The purpose of the study was to investigate effect of complex (multi-stage) and simple (one-stage) logistic scheme of ME of patients in acute period of aSAH on the outcome of the disease. The retrospective analysis of results of surgical treatment in 145 patients with aSAH hospitalized in regional vascular center (RVC) in Yakutsk in 2017-2018 was carried out. The subjects were allocated into 3 groups: group 1 - patients from regions of the Republic of Sakha, who underwent ME to the RSC using simple transportation scheme; group 2 - patients from regions of the Republic of Sakha who underwent ME using complex transportation scheme; group 3 (control) - patients hospitalized from territory of Yakutsk. The RVC hospitalized 145 patients. The sanitary aviation delivered 91 (62.8%) patients from districts of the Republic to the RVC. The duration of time from the onset of disease to surgical treatment: in group 1-2 days; in group 2-4 days; in group 3, 2 days (p = 0.018). The frequency of re-rupture of cerebral aneurysm in the group 1 and group 2 did had no statistically significant differences (19,1% and 32.7%) (p = 0.142). Mortality: in group 1 7.1%; in group 2 8.2%; in group 3 7.4% and no statistically significant differences between groups 1 and 2 (p = 1,000), between groups 1 and 3 (p = 1,000) and between groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.886). When applying complex logistic scheme of ME, transportation over considerable distance does not deteriorated course of disease and results of surgical treatment of patients with aSAH in acute period of hemorrhage.

Numerical entropy conservation without sacrificing Charney–Phillips grid optimal wave propagation

AbstractConservation of entropy or potential temperature and accurate representation of wave propagation without computational modes are both desirable properties for a numerical model of the atmosphere. However, they appear to require different model formulations, forcing model developers to choose between them. Here it is shown that, by a straightforward modification of the horizontal entropy fluxes, numerical entropy conservation can be achieved without sacrificing accurate wave propagation. The result is confirmed by a numerical linear normal mode analysis for a simple but suitably modified finite‐volume scheme, and by buoyant bubble and gravity‐wave test cases in a vertical slice model using a suitably modified conservative semi‐Lagrangian transport scheme.

A Gothic Dystopia at the Antipodes

This article offers an analysis of texts which were written in 1802-3 and published in 1812 under the title Panopticon versus New South Wales, namely Jeremy Bentham’s first two letters to Lord Pelham and A Plea for the Constitution, arguing that, in his attempt to show the superiority of his Panopticon plan over the transportation scheme, the reformer depicted New South Wales as a Gothic dystopia. ‘Gothic’ is here understood as a literary genre (with its motifs and scenarios), an ideological term and a critical tool. Bentham upset the conventional cartography of his time by showing that the ‘archaic’ or ‘barbarian’ practices that Gothic novels located in Catholic Europe were actually present in British penal policies. In addition to drawing on the rhetoric and the dichotomies which underlay the Gothic novels published during his lifetime, Bentham anticipated scenarios – such as reverse colonization and contamination – which would be explored in Victorian fiction. By extrapolating in dystopian fashion from trends which were present in the British body politic, Bentham’s Australian writings show how a historical period may be haunted by its future potentialities.

CRISIS 2022–...: POTENTIAL SCOPE AND EXPECTED CONSEQUENCES

This article analyzes the features of the current crisis in Russian economy and estimates its impact on the upcoming institutional changes nature. The conclusion about the potential trajectory of the downturn is made based on the comparison of external shocks, stabilization policy measures and the reaction of economic agents during this and two previous crises. A shock of demand, caused by a sharp increase in the interest rates, triggers a rapid fall, the necessity of solving structural problems will take a long time. Changes of economic ties and transportation schemes, import substitution development in the industries important for ensuring the sovereignty of the national economy, will lead to a long period of economic recovery. An inflationary processes analysis has shown that the price increase acceleration, which is common for recessions in Russia, caused by external shocks and the exchange rate pass-through to trade prices, is being replaced by cost-push inflation, which requires an adequate change in the Bank of Russia policy. This article highlights the main problems in the field of employment during the current recession: the growth of structural unemployment and the need in the large-scale reorientation and requalification of workers. The fundamental changes in the institutional changes direction, due to the current crisis, are highlighted in this article. For the large backbone corporations state regulation will be strengthened to ensure the implementation of the structural planning goals, up to bringing a number of target indicators. Industrial policy is becoming the focal area of managing structural shifts. Debureaucratization in all spheres of economic and social life is pointed out as the most important requirement of the accelerated economy adaptation to new conditions especially for small and medium-size enterprises.

Assessing technical capacities and economic efficiency of granulated middling hydraulic transportation as applied to Kursk Magnetic Anomaly deposits development

Introduction. The majority of iron ore open pits in Russia and the CIS belong to the category of deep open pits, same as prospective Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) deposits (Prioskolskoye, Chernyanskoye, Pogrometskoye, etc.) with the thickness of overburden equal to 100–150 m where the open pits will be deep already at the early stage of mining operations. Research objective is to provide rationale for hydraulic transportation advantage over other types of industrial transport and identify technical capacities and economic efficiency for a new scheme of opencasting and transport of promising fields of KMA at the stage of the pre-project development. Research objects are Prioskolskoye and Chernyanskoye deposits. The main methods of research were the graphic method, graphic-analytical method and method of technical and economical comparison of different options. The basis of the proposal for development of the prospective KMA deposits is a new layout of the industrial site of a miningand-processing facility with location of parts of the crushing and grinding complex in the open pit and hoisting of ore in the form of pulp to the surface by pipeline transport for further beneficiation. Results. In general, the prefeasibility study involving the technical and economical comparison of two prospective KMA deposits shows cost savings with regard to ore transportation from the open pit to the industrial site by hydraulic transport compared to the cyclic-flow technology. The new technology enables reduction of the transportation costs by 1,5–2 times and increase in labour productivity with regard to ore transportation by 2–3 times.

Shaping the Optimal Technology for Servicing the Long-Distance Deliveries of Packaged Cargo by Road Transport

The concept of sustainable transportation of goods as the primary paradigm for designing contemporary logistics systems assumes the use of energy-efficient and affordable modes of transport in a way that guarantees the most cost-efficient variant of the delivery scheme. That especially applies to road transport deliveries, where the number of alternatives for organizing the transportation process is numerous and the choice of the optimal solution is complicated by the multiple stochastic influences of the environment on the technological processes. In this paper, we contribute to solving the problem of shaping the sustainable delivery schemes by proposing an approach to shape the complete set of alternative transport and technological schemes for packaged cargo delivery by road transport. The developed mathematical model allows estimating the efficiency of each alternative delivery scheme for the given request and chooses the best variant that minimizes the total costs of all participants in the delivery process. The proposed algorithms are implemented in the C# programming language within the frame of a class library for modeling transport delivery processes. A case of transport processes for Delivery Ltd. (Kharkiv, Ukraine) is applied to illustrate the procedure of using the developed approach to choose the optimal transport and technological schemes for long-distance deliveries. As the result of simulating the goods transportation processes, we show the regression models that represent dependencies of the total costs for the implementation of a delivery scheme from the parameters of demand for the transportation of goods. These regression models allow estimating the most efficient delivery schemes based on the functional analysis of the obtained dependencies for the given demand parameters.

Enhancing the stability of a global model by using an adaptively implicit vertical moist transport scheme

Enhancing the stability of a global model by using an adaptively implicit vertical moist transport scheme

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL COMPONENT LOGISTICS OF MSW IN POLTAVA REGION

The aim of the study is to ensure the effectiveness of the waste management system in Poltava region for the long term of the Regional Waste Management Plan in Poltava region for 2030 (RPUV) by analyzing the prospects of the logistics organization of waste management. Methodology. This paper uses methods of factor analysis with the study of causal relationships of the impact of conceptual provisions of the regional waste management system and some organizational and technological factors of its formation, as well as methods of inductive logic in forecasting trends. Results. It is established that the main conceptual principles of development of the waste management system of Poltava region provide for the introduction of a multi-stage scheme of solid waste transportation. The compliance of the road network with the goals of the RPUV is analyzed and the main problems are identified. A detailed analysis of the quality of the road network of the region allowed to identify the roads that pose the greatest threat to the implementation of the RPUV. The main tendencies of development of the park of specialized transport equipment in different perspective periods of realization of the plan and at different stages of the organization of transportations are established. Prospects for transport support of the first stage of transportation are formulated depending on the degree of urbanization of settlements. Originality. Based on the analysis of regional features of the system of solid waste management, the most probable directions of development of the technological component of the logistics structure of the regional system of solid waste management have been identified. Practical value. The results of the study reduce the risks of the implementation of the Regional Waste Management Plan and increase the efficiency of the solid waste management system.

Neutrino emission from binary neutron star mergers: characterising light curves and mean energies

Neutrinos are copiously emitted by neutron star mergers, due to the high temperatures reached by dense matter during the merger and its aftermath. Neutrinos influence the merger dynamics and shape the properties of the ejecta, including the resulting r-process nucleosynthesis and kilonova emission. In this work, we analyse neutrino emission from a large sample of binary neutron star merger simulations in Numerical Relativity, covering a broad range of initial masses, nuclear equation of state and viscosity treatments. We extract neutrino luminosities and mean energies, and compute quantities of interest such as the peak values, peak broadnesses, time averages and decrease time scales. We provide a systematic description of such quantities, including their dependence on the initial parameters of the system. We find that for equal-mass systems the total neutrino luminosity (several 10^{53}{hbox {erg}~{hbox {s}}^{-1}}) decreases as the reduced tidal deformability increases, as a consequence of the less violent merger dynamics. Similarly, tidal disruption in asymmetric mergers leads to systematically smaller luminosities. Peak luminosities can be twice as large as the average ones. Electron antineutrino luminosities dominate (initially by a factor of 2-3) over electron neutrino ones, while electron neutrinos and heavy flavour neutrinos have similar luminosities. Mean energies are nearly constant in time and independent on the binary parameters. Their values reflect the different decoupling temperature inside the merger remnant. Despite present uncertainties in neutrino modelling, our results provide a broad and physically grounded characterisation of neutrino emission, and they can serve as a reference point to develop more sophisticated neutrino transport schemes.

Modeling a periodic electric vehicle-routing problem considering delivery due date and mixed charging rates using metaheuristic method.

The coupling of ever-increasing consumption of fossil fuels around the globe with the decrease in the availability of fossil fuel supplies has led to an increased cost of energy commodities, which together with ever-expanding requirements for reducing the level of environmental pollutions has resulted in an ever-increasing deal of attention to alternative transportation schemes such as electric vehicles (EVs). Since decades ago, national governments and environmental activists have initiated various efforts towards reducing atmospheric pollutions. A part of such effort has been focused on reducing the use of internal combustion vehicles and rather replacing them with EVs. In this research, we attempt to fill in this research gap by presenting a mathematical model for minimizing the sum of traveled distance and recharging cost of EVs per a given period and then solving it by simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. Results of the proposed algorithm were then compared to those of coding in GAMS for 30 different sample problems with different counts of customers, EVs, and charging stations. Numerical results indicated good efficiency of the metaheuristic algorithm in terms of processing time and solution quality. Indeed, with the SA algorithm, the processing time was seen to increase gradually with increasing the problem complexity, while the rate of increase in processing time was much steeper with the GAMS.

Investigation of structural, magneto-electronic, elastic, mechanical and thermoelectric properties of novel lead-free halide double perovskite Cs2AgFeCl6: First-principles calcuations

The structural, elastic, mechanical, magneto-electronic and thermoelectric properties of Cs2AgFeCl6 lead-free halide double perovskite have been extracted and explored by a cohesive analysis using spin-polarized Density Functional Theory (DFT) associated with Boltzmann transport scheme. The exchange-correlation potential is determined through the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ). It is crystallized into cubic structure of ferromagnetic phase. The lattice parameter is estimated to be close to experimental data. The Cs2AgFeCl6 illustrates p-type ferromagnetic semiconducting properties. The 5 μB is estimated to have total magnetic moment with a necessary contribution for Fe atoms. The elastic properties prove that Cs2AgFeCl6 is stable and ductile. The thermoelectric properties of Cs2AgFeCl6 utilizing equations of Boltzmann transport through DFT into range, 100–900 K are calculated. The transport properties as figure of merit, power factor, electrical conductivity, electrical thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient are combined to evaluate its thermoelectric response. According to our findings, it is demonstrated that Cs2AgFeCl6 is a promising candidate for thermoelectric applications at both high and low temperatures.