Schematic Review Research Articles

Wastewater and agriculture in Mezquital valley (Mexico): analyzing alternatives from circular economy and ecological economy using bibliometric review

Given the water crisis worldwide, using wastewater in agriculture is an alternative because it employs around 70% of the planet’s freshwater despite the fact the implications of its use without prior treatment are diverse. The Mezquital Valley in Mexico is the second largest region in the World to use this type of water, and various disciplines have studied it for decades. Still, it has not been systematized to analyze the evolution of the impacts of its use in the region, nor has it been analyzed from a theoretical perspective. This work aim is analyzing the contributions of the Circular Economy and the Ecological Economy in order to provide an explanation of the problem and possible alternatives for using this vital resource. The theoretical analysis is supported by a schematic review of scientific articles published from 1990 to 2022 in the Scopus database, using bibliometric analysis.

A Schematic Review of Knowledge Reasoning Approaches Based on the Knowledge Graph

In the contemporary world, the Internet technology and its implementation mode are advancing at a swift pace, leading to an exponential growth in the scale of Internet data. This data contains a significant amount of valuable knowledge. The effective organization and articulation of knowledge, as well as the ability to conduct thorough calculations and analyses, have garnered significant attention and developments within a particular environmental context. The utilization of knowledge graphs for knowledge reasoning has emerged as a prominent area of focus within the realm of knowledge graph research. It holds substantial significance in the realm of vertical search, intelligent answering, and various other applications. This article will be centered on fundamental principles of reasoning. The approach of knowledge reasoning oriented towards knowledge graphs is focused on the derivation of novel knowledge or the detection of erroneous knowledge through the utilization of pre-existing knowledge. In contrast to conventional knowledge reasoning approaches, the knowledge reasoning technique employed in knowledge graphs is characterized by greater diversity, owing to the succinct, adaptable, and flexible representation of knowledge.

On the Finite Element Modeling of the Lumbar Spine: A Schematic Review

Finite element modelling of the lumbar spine is a challenging problem. Lower back pain is among the most common pathologies in the global populations, owing to which the patient may need to undergo surgery. The latter may differ in nature and complexity because of spinal disease and patient contraindications (i.e., aging). Today, the understanding of spinal column biomechanics may lead to better comprehension of the disease progression as well as to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Better insight into the spine’s biomechanics would certainly guarantee an evolution of current device-based treatments. In this setting, the computational approach appears to be a remarkable tool for simulating physiological and pathological spinal conditions, as well as for various aspects of surgery. Patient-specific computational simulations are constantly evolving, and require a number of validation and verification challenges to be overcome before they can achieve true and accurate results. The aim of the present schematic review is to provide an overview of the evolution and recent advances involved in computational finite element modelling (FEM) of spinal biomechanics and of the fundamental knowledge necessary to develop the best modeling approach in terms of trustworthiness and reliability.

A Sustainable and Biodegradable Building Block: Review on Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Fibre Reinforced PLA Polymer Composites and Their Emerging Applications

The development of bamboo fibre (BF) reinforced poly lactic acid (PLA) BF-PLA composites has been growing fast among the natural fibre reinforced composites (NFRCs) over the past few years. BF-PLA composites have gained significant interest as sustainable alternative materials for the engineering and industrial sectors. BF-PLA composites are getting popular due to their remarkable features such as eco-friendliness, biodegradability, recyclability, low cost, low specific weight, and improved mechanical and thermal properties. In this paper, a schematic review of the BF-PLA composites was conducted in terms of mechanical properties (i.e., tensile properties, flexural properties, and impact strength), thermal characteristics with and without chemical treatment, and creep behaviour. Moreover, the sustainability aspects, including biodegradability and recyclability of BF-PLA composites, have been discussed based on various manufacturing methods. In addition, the utilization of BF-PLA composites in the additive manufacturing industry, sustainable packaging, structural, dielectric, and automotive applications are also described to make elevations toward future research and industrial implementations or commercialization. Furthermore, the effects of 3D printing parameters on the mechanical and physical properties of printed BF-PLA objects have been summarized. Significantly, this paper highlights the limitations and future perspectives of the BF-PLA composites.

"A Schematic Review of Literature on a Study on Organizational Commitment, Employee Motivation and Job Satisfaction Among Medical Professionals"

Employees determine an organization's success. Their happiness and commitment boosts effectiveness at both the individual and organizational levels. Job satisfaction is one of the most studied topics in organizational behavior and human resource management. Employees who are satisfied with their jobs are more likely to be productive and committed to their jobs, and a committed employee means a low turnover rate. Because of the globalization of the health sector, there is a lot of employee migration toward better opportunities, overall growth, and satisfied jobs. Health care is a more people-centered service sector that has grown rapidly in recent years. It is critical to ensure hospital employee job satisfaction in order to retain employees and provide effective health care. This paper provides a review of previous research on job satisfaction among hospital employees. The review's goal is to identify gaps and investigate various factors influencing job satisfaction. Based on previous research, it was discovered that, in addition to monetary benefits, other motivating factors such as recognition, autonomy, achievement, and opportunities for growth and development were positively correlated with job satisfaction. It has been concluded that in order to increase organizational commitment of healthcare workers, healthcare administrators should motivate their employees through strategies aimed at improving their job satisfaction and quality of work life.

Recent Advances in Pulse-Coupled Neural Networks with Applications in Image Processing

This paper surveys recent advances in pulse-coupled neural networks (PCNNs) and their applications in image processing. The PCNN is a neurology-inspired neural network model that aims to imitate the information analysis process of the biological cortex. In recent years, many PCNN-derived models have been developed. Research aims with respect to these models can be divided into three categories: (1) to reduce the number of manual parameters, (2) to achieve better real cortex imitation performance, and (3) to combine them with other methodologies. We provide a comprehensive and schematic review of these novel PCNN-derived models. Moreover, the PCNN has been widely used in the image processing field due to its outstanding information extraction ability. We review the recent applications of PCNN-derived models in image processing, providing a general framework for the state of the art and a better understanding of PCNNs with applications in image processing. In conclusion, PCNN models are developing rapidly, and it is projected that more applications of these novel emerging models will be seen in future.

Tibial bone loss in revision TKA: Options for management without sleeves and cones –a schematic review

The current study is to distinguish between osteochondrosis and osteochondritis, utilizing surface microscopy of individuals with documented pathology. Osteochondrosis is associated with smooth borders and gradient from edge to defect base, while osteochondritis and subchondral impaction fractures are associated with subsidence of the affected area of articular surface with irregular edges. The base of osteochondrosis is penetrated by multiple channels, smoothly perforate its surface, indistinguishable from unfused epiphyses, confirming their vascular nature. This study provides a technique for distinguishing osteochondrosis and osteochondritis and further documents of the value of epi-illumination microscopy in expanding our understanding of bone and joint disease.

Schematic review of plasma arc oxidation process for Mg Alloy Bio Implants

The biomaterials are having diverse applications in temporary implants. The implant performance and compatibility inside the human body element are enormous factors of research. The implant material requires excellent mechanical properties that can endure corrosion, higher stress, load-bearing capacity. The compatibility with local tissues of the human body is a crucial point of tolerance. This article is based on a review of papers in the area of Magnesium alloy bioimplants. The purpose of the review is to understand different methods and recent developments for Mg alloy material in the domain. Different methods for producing coatings and the effect of the addition of nanoparticles are discussed.

Scapular Winging – A Schematic Review

Scapular winging is a rare, painful and debilitating condition that leads to limited functional activity of the upper extremity. The composite scapular movement of rotation, abduction, and tilting is necessary for proper shoulder function. Weakness or loss of scapular mechanics can lead to difficulties with elevation of the arm and lifting objects. It can result from numerous causes, including traumatic, iatrogenic, and idiopathic processes that most often result in nerve injury of either the serratus anterior, trapezius, or rhomboid muscles. Diagnosis is easily made by inspection of the scapula from back, with serratus anterior paralysis resulting in medial winging of the scapula while lateral winging is caused by trapezius and rhomboid paralysis. Most cases of serratus anterior and rhomboid paralysis spontaneously resolve within 24 months, while conservative treatment of trapezius paralysis is less effective. Patients become candidates for corrective surgery if they fail a 6–24 month course of conservative treatment. This review explores the causes of scapula winging, with overview of the relevant anatomy, proposed aetiology and treatment.

Mathematical models for HIV treatment : A schematic review

This review examines mathematical models related to the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The analysis is based on two criteria: the physio-pathological one and the mathematical one. The former criterion checks the presence and possible differentiation of uninfected and infected T lymphocytes, of immune cells and of viruses. The latter criterion distinguishes among dynamic systems, optimal control, and differential game approaches. A schematic table collects the results of this analysis and allows the reader to find out at a glance both the physiopathological and the mathematical characteristics of each cited model.

Therapeutic Effects of Prebiotics on Constipation: A Schematic Review

Constipation is a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder that may significantly affect the quality of life and health care costs. Treatment for constipation has been broadly reviewed by cognitive therapies, medications, and surgical interventions. Gut microbiota such as Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Bacteroidetes, and Lactobacilli have been demonstrated in functional gastrointestinal disorders and prebiotics to play a role in augmenting their presence. Prebiotics are ingredients in foods that remain undigested, stimulating the bacteria. There are a variety of prebiotics; however, there exists only a handful of studies that describe their efficacy for chronic constipation. The purpose of this study is to review the available literature on the utility of different commercially available prebiotics in patients with functional and chronic idiopathic constipation. To fulfil the objectives of the study, published articles in the English language on databases such as Pubmed, Ovid Medline, and EMBASE were searched. The terms prebiotics, constipation, chronic constipation, functional constipation were used. We reviewed and included 21 randomized controlled trials exploring the role of prebiotics in constipated adults. Prebiotics are effective treatments for chronic idiopathic constipation and showed improvement in the stool consistency, number of bowel moments and bloating. Although which prebiotic formulary would promote improved symptoms of constipation is still not clear.

Therapeutic Effects of Prebiotics on Constipation: A Schematic Review

Therapeutic Effects of Prebiotics on Constipation: A Schematic Review

Impact of COVID-19 on orthopedic practices: A schematic review

It is our responsibility to be aware of the current knowledge on COVID-19 such as the pathogenesis, clinical features, and the precautions that we have to follow while handling orthopedic patients. A detailed look into the current protocol and suggestions of orthopedic practices in the COVID-19 outbreak has done here. A review of articles indexed for MEDLINE on PubMed and Scopus using the keywords COVID-19 and orthopedics and as a Boolean search was used. The review included evidence from 44 articles from orthopedic literature. There are risks associated with orthopedic practices in the COVID-19 pandemic, and many standard protocols are available to confront the situation. This article highlights useful recommendations and directions for orthopedic practices in the COVID-19 outbreak.

The Android malware detection systems between hope and reality

The widespread use of Android-based smartphones made it an important target for malicious applications’ developers. So, a large number of frameworks have been proposed to tackle the huge number of daily published malwares. Despite there are many review papers that have been conducted in order to shed light on the works that achieved in Android malware analysing domain, the number of conducted review papers do not fit with the importance of this research field and with the volume of achieved works. Also, there is no comprehensive taxonomy for all research trends in the field of analysing malicious applications targeting the Android system. Furthermore, none of the existing review papers contains a schematic model that makes it easy for the reader to know the methods and methodologies used in a particular field of research without much effort. This paper aims at proposing a comprehensive taxonomy and suggesting a new schematic review approach. To this end, a review of a large number of works that achieved between 2009 and 2019 has been conducted. The achieved study includes more than 200 papers that have different goals such as apps’ behaviour analysis, automatic user interface triggers or packer/unpacker frameworks development. Also, a comprehensive taxonomy has been proposed so that most of the previous works can be classified under it. To the best of our knowledge, the suggested taxonomy is the widest and the most comprehensive in terms of the covered research trends. Moreover, we have proposed a detailed schematic model (called Schematic Review Model) illustrates the process of detecting the malignant applications of an Android in the light of the studied works and the proposed taxonomy. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the Android malware detection methods have been explained in this way with this amount of detail. Furthermore, the studied researches have been analysed according to multiple criteria such as used analysing method, used features, used detection method, and used dataset. Also, the features used in the studied works were discussed in detail by dividing it into multiple classes. Moreover, the challenges facing Android’s malware analysing methods were discussed in detail. Finally, it has been concluded that there are gaps between the size and the goal of the conducted works and the number of malicious apps published every day, so some future works areas have been proposed and discussed.

Competence model of a cadet of a higher military educational institution

The article presents the competence model of graduate of the Higher Military Educational Establishment, analyzes the concept of "competence", some social and humanitarian disciplines, which are taught by the students in the specialty "Military Translation" and their provision of graduate competencies.The necessity of creating a new graduate model of competency model is analyzed. The necessity of forming a political competence of students as part of an integrated competency that form in students the ability to analyze current global trends and geopolitical change, to predict the consequences of these changes for the army and the country in general. It also substantiates the reform of the military standards of personnel motivation, since the process of military service is being optimized, the moral principles and principles upon which the Ukrainian military education was based was unclaimed. An example of a schematic review of a specific competence of a military specialist is presented - "Ability to analyze political events and predict the consequences". The competent model of the military translator according to the educational disciplines taught at the Department of Social and Humanitarian Sciences of the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine in the process of professional training is given. It is concluded, that the creation of modern competence models which should become a condition for high-quality vocational training of cadets in higher military establishments of Ukraine, the development of a competent model of a specialist in the field of military translation stimulate further changes in the system of higher military education, especially with regard to the modernization of the content and teaching technologies, proposed in the process of work of a competent model, can be taken as a basis for the training of military translators. The implementation of the competence model proposed in the work has a practical value for the command and teaching staff of higher military educational institutions of Ukraine aimed at obtaining a positive result in the process of providing quality educational services in the system of higher professional education

Design of Smart Agriculture Japan Model

This paper presents schematic review for the smart agricultural model in Japan using data-on-demand information exchange based on smart agricultural machinery systems (SAMS). Four machines were developed in this study, namely Smart rice trans-planter with on-the-go soil sensor; Smart 2nd fertilizer applicator based on CropSpecTM; Yield monitor combine harvester with on-the-go lodging analysis system; and Farm Activity Record Management System (FARMS). The study obtained 450,000 datasets of topsoil accompanied by 65,000 datasets of crop status and 1 million images of lodging information from 50 ha of rice fields, taken in 2016. The results conclude that the field mapping using FARMS was available not only for manager’s decision on fertilizer application, but also for information sharing between employees. A two year feasibility study showed improvement of 20% fertilizer reduction and 30% harvest efficiency than conventional management. The study suggests that SAMS would play an important role for technology succession in the near future.

Genetic diversity of phytoplasmas: research status and prospects

Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less prokaryotic pathogens causing many plant diseases with various host plants, widely geographical distribution and adverse impacts on economics and environments. Abundant genetic diversity of the phytoplasmas has been evidenced by vast researches. In the paper, we conducted a comparatively systematic and comprehensive schematic review and comment on the research status of phy- toplasma genetic diversity. We discussed the potential research directions with respect to research technology and generation mechanism of phytoplasmal genetic variation as well as relationships to pathogenicity in fu- ture. Analysis on five phytoplasmas whose whole genomes have been completed has indicated the definite genetic variation in size, structure and function of phytoplasmal genomes, which lack many genes for stan- dard metabolic functions. There are different number, size and function of the plasmids in various phyto- plasma strains. Two copies of ribosomal RNA operons among all the phytoplasmas showed significant varia- tion which provided the present foundation for classification and identification of phytoplasmas. Studies on protein-encoding genes, such as ribosomal protein (rp), elongation factors (tuf and fusA), translocation pro- teins (secY and secA), effector molecules as well as non-encoding sequences such as promoters and pseu- dogenes have further revealed the rich genetic diversity of phytoplasmas. Since inadequate information is known regarding the characteristics of morphology, cultivation, physiology and metabolism due to the diffi- •综述•

Ultrasonography of the male breast

The male breast has been insufficiently explored in the medical literature, particularly that dealing with ultrasonography, although this topic is almost as vast and varied as that of the female breast. The purpose of this article is to provide a schematic review of the most frequent breast lesions encountered in males and their sonographic appearances. After a brief introduction on the anatomy of the male breast, the authors review the non-neoplastic (gynecomastia, pseudogynecomastia, cysts, inflammatory diseases, and Mondor disease) and neoplastic (benign and malignant) lesions encountered in this organ.

Occupational Neurologic Disorders in Korea

This article presents a schematic review of the clinical manifestations of occupational neurologic disorders in Korea and discusses the toxicologic implications of these conditions. Vascular encephalopathy, parkinsonism, chronic toxic encephalopathy, cerebellar dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy, and neurodegenerative diseases are common presentations of occupational neurotoxic syndromes in Korea. Few neurotoxins cause patients to present with pathognomic neurologic syndrome. Detailed neurologic examinations and categorization of the clinical manifestations of neurologic disorders will improve the clinical management of occupational neurologic diseases. Physicians must be aware of the typical signs and symptoms of possible exposure to neurotoxins, and they should also pay attention to less-typical, rather-vague symptoms and signs in workers because the toxicologic characteristics of occupational neurologic diseases in Korea have changed from typical patterns to less-typical or equivocal patterns. This shift is likely to be due to several years of low-dose exposure, perhaps combined with the effects of aging, and new types of possibly toxicant-related neurodegenerative diseases. Close collaboration between neurologists and occupational physicians is needed to determine whether neurologic disorders are work-related.

Application of in-situ produced terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides to archaeology: A schematic review

Abstract. The wide applicability of in-situ produced Terrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclides (TCNs) to geological problems and experiences in development and testing gained over the past decade is encouraging for its application to archaeological questions, where there is a distinct need for an additional independent dating tool beyond the limits of radiocarbon (~ 40 ka). Just as TCNs are applicable to a broader time period with considerable precision in archaeology, so also are they applicable to all lithologies. Application of TCNs to archaeological problems is relatively simple: either surface exposure dating (using cosmogenic nuclide production) or burial dating (using decay of radioactive cosmogenic nuclides) can be applied. For a successful application, close collaboration between archaeologists and TCN experts is required. The total exposure from 100 a to 5 Ma of a given surface of archaeological origin can be determined by surface exposure dating. The range of burial dating is from ~0.1 to 5 Ma. TCNs have been successfully applied to many archaeological problems during the last decade and both surface exposure dating and burial dating show high potential in the solving of archaeological problems.