Scenic Landscape Research Articles

제주를 보는 근대적 시선의 형성

The way of seeing Jejudo before the modern era during the Joseon Dynasty can be summarized as ‘the aesthetics of scenic landscapes, the barrenness of the climate, and the vulgarity of customs’. During Japanese colonial rule, ‘a new way of seeing Jejudo’—the discourse of ‘Paradise Jeju’—appeared, replacing the Ten Scenes of Yeongju in the late Joseon Dynasty and forming the basis for the symbolic landscape of Jeju Island until the late 20th century. This was a process in which the industrial potential of Jeju’s climate and resources were re-evaluated in the context of capitalism and industrialization. The image of Jeju’s scenery as an exotic tourist attraction continued even after the liberation. However, the development of Jejudo has been understood as a history of hardships for Jeju residents who overcame a barren environment. According to Confucian scholars on the mainland during the Joseon Dynasty, Jejudo was a barren land, and this was the cause of the Jeju people’s poverty. The discourse of Paradise Jeju coined by Japan can be seen as a complete reversal of the climate determinism-the theory of 風土 of the Joseon Dynasty, and as a colonial project as well as a modern perspective as a new ‘invention’. Paradise Jeju discourse serves as a link between endemic environmentalist thoughts on Jeju in the Joseon Dynasty and contemporary romantic perspectives on Jeju, which can also be an important reference for contemplating a new vision for the development of Jeju in the 21st century and the formation of Jeju identity.

The Marine Coastal Scenic Landscape as an Input for the Socio-Environmental Conservation of Coastal Marine Environments: The Case of Playa Peña Blanca, Mexico

Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography The Marine Coastal Scenic Landscape as an Input for the Socio-Environmental Conservation of Coastal Marine Environments: The Case of Playa Peña Blanca, Mexico” Omar Cervantes1*, Sosa-Argáez I3, Olivos-Ortiz A2, Silvestre-Campos A3 And Verduzco-Zapata G1 1Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad de Colima, México 2Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad de Colima, México 3Facultad de Turismo y Gastronomía, Universidad de Colima, México *Corresponding author: Omar Cervantes, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad de Colima, Manzanillo, México Email: omar_cervantes@ucol.mx Submission: February 06, 2023;Published: February 09, 2023 DOI: 10.31031/EIMBO.2023.05.000615 ISSN 2578-031X Volume5 Issue3

Risk assessment of city site landscapes in the central plains of China

Scientific cognition and assessment of threats to cultural heritage and surrounding landscapes are prerequisites for targeted management and protection of cultural heritage. This study took 530 city sites in the Central Plains of China as the research object. Based on the survey information of city sites in the third national cultural heritage survey in China, a combination of high resolution google images and land use/land cover data products and city sites survey data enables a comprehensive evaluation of landscape elements impacts on city sites. With spatial statistical method, we divided city site landscape types, and constructed a landscape element risk assessment model and an urbanization intensity index to analyze the threats of each landscape element to city site protection. The results indicated that 40.64% of the sites are in farmland landscapes, where agricultural cultivation, irrigation, and other production activities may affect the surface and subsurface remains of the sites. The sites (16.82%) in urban landscapes are affected by activities such as building houses and roads. Only six sites belong to the water landscape area, which may be affected by water erosion. Other sites (2.84%) are mainly affected by plant root growth in forest landscapes. The city sites distributed in urban areas such as Zhengzhou or the urban–rural junction were significantly affected by urban expansion and got the greatest protection pressure. City sites in agricultural landscapes have the second highest conservation risk. Plant erosion and flooding mainly affected the city sites in the northwest-southwest mountainous areas or near the water area of the study area, and the risks were relatively small. It can be seen that landscape types such as urban and farmland, which are closely related to human activities, bring the most pressure to the protection of city sites, and it is necessary to focus on the impact of human activities such as urban construction on city sites and the surrounding environment in the future, while paying attention to the protection and rational use of city sites with high assessment risk in urban planning and management for the protection of the city site proper and landscape scenery.

Saidpur village through architectural lens: Deciphering urban pattern and architectural heritage

Abstract Saidpur is one of the oldest villages in Pakistan, its origin dates back five hundred years ago. Along with its scenic landscape, it has centuries-old historic importance as well. From the Mughal dynasty to subcontinent partitioning, this village has witnessed evolution of diverse eras. It displays architectural art and heritage of three cultures: Sikhism, Hinduism, and Islam, concentrated on one node in this place. Pakistan does not have any reliable system for recording, managing, and preserving heritage or platforms for recognition of heritage sites. As many other sites, the heritage of Saidpur is in demise and subject to vandalism today. It is important to bring forward the historic and architectural importance of this village globally. Before Saidpur’s historical vernacular construction styles are completely lost, it is essential to record its authentic and onsite information so that history can be preserved, and further actions could be taken on its protection and preservation. The case analysis of heritage buildings can also provide inspiration and learning for the future. Hence, this paper shall record and discuss Saidpur’s architectural and urban growth with time, its current situation, and analysis of its heritage architecture. This paper intends to collect and preserve both current and old accounts of Saidpur’s urban growth and architecture by research through interviews, surveys, and onsite data collection, and present them through images, drawings, records and mapping, survey infographics, tables, and analysis diagrams. The aim of this paper is to collect, generate, and record information on the evolution, history, vernacular architecture style, and heritage architecture of Saidpur and, promote and present data for further heritage conservation and protection work in Saidpur.

A tájkép érzékelésének környezetpszichológiai elméletei és egy tiszazugi felmérés tapasztalatai

Several scientific theories have been developed to explain landscape perception by the human. We summarize the evolutionary, that is prospect-refuge, habitat and information processing theories, dealing with social-psychological aspects of the question and also with the ecological aesthetics idea. In 2021 a landscape character survey was carried out among the citizens of the Tiszazug microregion of Hungary. According to the answers of 104 respondants, the character of the landscape in the microregion would change most dramatically by the disappearance of oxbow lakes, floodplain forests and vineyards. They recognize that the decreasing number of the population and aging of the citizens results in decreasing intensity of landuse, the growing extent of areas that are out of crops and an increasing number of abandoned buildings on the level of landscape scenery.

National parks, highways, and climate change

This visual essay in "The Photographer's Frame" explores how Americans’ love affair with road trips made a marriage of national park scenic landscapes and automobiles nearly inevitable—and has helped, literally, drive climate change.

A Few Remarks Towards Environmental Aesthetics. Aesthetics of Landscapes and its Impact on Human Emotions

The following paper focuses on the current meaning of environmental aesthetics and the aesthetics of landscapes. Its purpose is to show the relationship of human artificial living to natural living and human health as well as aesthetic and social emotions depending on health landscapes. There is the terms “environmental aesthetics” and “aesthetics of landscapes” are analysed in the broader philosophical and interdisciplinary context of Norberg-Schulz’s theory of architecture, Konrad Lorenz’s theory of ethology, and Wolfgang Welsch’s transhuman aesthetics. What are the mechanisms of a human relating to a landscape? What mechanisms of our emotionality are related to a devastated or healthy landscape? These are the central questions of the following consideration. The methods used in my research are analyses, etymology, the phenomenology of emotionality, and phenomenology of the landscape. The primary and expected findings are that people appreciate and enjoy scenic landscapes to satisfy their emotionality, cooperation, and well-being. Conclusion: Landscapes create our identification, surroundings which create our feelings, experiences, and emotions. A good example of such a relationship are inhabitants of today’s uninhabited islands who were not able to cooperate, who destroyed their environment, destabilized and deforested their surroundings up to their complete extinction.

Comparison of the Manifestations of Western Region-Iraq Karst and Some Typical Karst Areas in the World

Karst is one of the geological manifestations that form different earth shapes and scenic landscapes. Which are generally divided into surface landscapes that are important its sinkhole and the sub-surface landscapes. The research aims to compare the manifestations of karst for the study area and the typical karst (holocaust) areas in the world. The most important of which are the caves, which result from the process of dissolution the rocks of all kinds, But the most important rocks formed for karst carbon rocks, especially limestone rock, due to its abundant and moderate solubility. add to evaporated rocks, especially gypsum, come second in the form of karst manifestations. There are several surface landscapes karst forms in the Western Desert such as a Solution and Collapse Sinkhole and subsurface landscapes karst such as cavities formed from carbonate and gypsum rocks. Landscapes karst distribution in variable shapes and dimensions on surfaces of the plateaus on Zor Hauran, Ubaid, Hussainiyat, Amij, Dammam, Umm Er Radhuma, Russ, and Ms`ad within Euphrates Fatha and Zahra formations, which belongs to Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras times. The meaning of the non-typical karst is that the surface karst forms such as (Sinkholes) and the subsurface karst forms such as (cavities) are few in number in addition to the size, depth and dimensions of these phenomena are small compared to the typical karst forms, which are characterized by the abundance of their numbers in addition to the huge size of these karst phenomena. There are a number of reasons and observations that make this phenomenon unclear and not typical for the study area because of Lithology, geomorphology, tectonic, and climatic reasons. In addition to the time factor, which has a main role in the development of karst. The type of karst in Iraq belongs to the arid and semi-arid karst group depending on classification of karst assemblages according to climate.

Assessing recreation specialization to guide nature-based tourism development: A hybrid choice model of birder destination preferences

Birding is a growing nature-based tourism activity, and a better understanding of birder preferences could support tourism development and species conservation. Using a hybrid choice modeling approach, we analyzed birding destination preferences and how they vary by recreation specialization. This approach allows a continuum of specialization rather than allocating birders into discrete segments. A sample of 205 birders recruited in the 2017 summer season in Varanger, Norway, completed an online choice experiment with scenarios that included five systematically-varied destination attributes: Birding quality, bird diversity, landscape scenic quality, facilitation (e.g., trails and specialized guides), and a visitor fee. The hybrid choice (HC) model explained preference heterogeneity better than the attributes only multinomial logit (MNL) or random parameters logit (RPL) models. Birding quality, landscape scenery, and a medium level of facilitation were significant predictors in all models, while high bird diversity was significant only in the RPL and HC models. Interaction terms in the HC model indicated that birding quality, bird diversity, and the highest level of facilitation (specialized guides and birding hides) were more important for “more specialized” birders than for “less specialized” birders. Findings allow destinations to target birder segments more deliberately, while also assisting in planning and management decisions. Main drivers of birder destination choice are innate in the natural landscapes and ecosystems; exceptional birding quality and spectacular scenery were the strongest determinants of birding destination choice in our study. More specialized birders place higher priority on bird diversity, and birding facilitation. Less specialized birders might need a larger variety of facilitation and non-birding offers. Our results also indicate that those visiting spectacular but vulnerable nature destinations are willing to pay moderate fees for conservation and management. Fee revenue can fund site hardening facilities and services, allowing for more visitors without increasing pressure on the wildlife.

Characterizing Dynamic Neural Representations of Scene Attractiveness.

Aesthetic experiences during natural vision are varied: They can arise from viewing scenic landscapes, interesting architecture, or attractive people. Recent research in the field of neuroaesthetics has taught us a lot about where in the brain such aesthetic experiences are represented. Much less is known about when such experiences arise during the cortical processing cascade. Particularly, the dynamic neural representation of perceived attractiveness for rich natural scenes is not well understood. Here, I present data from an EEG experiment, in which participants provided attractiveness judgments for a set of diverse natural scenes. Using multivariate pattern analysis, I demonstrate that scene attractiveness is mirrored in early brain signals that arise within 200 msec of vision, suggesting that the aesthetic appeal of scenes is first resolved during perceptual processing. In more detailed analyses, I show that even such early neural correlates of scene attractiveness are partly related to interindividual variation in aesthetic preferences and that they generalize across scene contents. Together, these results characterize the time-resolved neural dynamics that give rise to aesthetic experiences in complex natural environments.

Assessment of the Status and Prospects of Agricultural Communities: Input to Support Commercialization and Farm-Tourism Promotion Schemes

Capitalizing on the potential of Farm Tourism as a catalyst for community development and an alternative source of income for farmers, the study was conducted to assess the status and challenges faced by agricultural communities in the town of Hermosa, Province of Bataan, Philippines to generate information to evaluate the tourism prospects of its farm sites. The study made use of an embedded mixed-methods design to assess the farms quantitatively and determine the status and challenges in farming as experienced by the farmers. It was revealed that farm sites with the highest potential to be farm tourism destinations bearing scenic landscapes and cultural value are located in upland areas, mostly privately owned ranging from 1 to 4 hectares in size with variable harvest seasons applying the traditional way of farming. Accessibility is subject to the specific area, with minimal access to basic utilities and site facilities but with provisions for development. Emerging themes as to the status and challenges faced by farmers are inadequacy of resources; fluctuating productivity; vulnerability of the quality of produce and profit unpredictability. Farm Communities may work together with the Government to maximize and exhaust their fullest potential to generate alternative sources of livelihood through Tourism while maintaining food security.

Characterizing the Spatiotemporal Patterns and Key Determinants of Homestay Industry Agglomeration in Rural China Using Multi Geospatial Datasets

Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns and key determinants of rural homestay industry agglomeration is crucial for the well-planning and well-management of rural tourism during the process of rural revitalization in China. By employing multi geospatial datasets, this study investigated the long-term spatiotemporal patterns and their key determinants of homestay inns during the period 2004–2019 in Moganshan, a well-known rural tourism destination in Zhejiang Province, China. The kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation were integrated to identify the hotspots of rural homestay inns at a fine scale. The key determinants were further uncovered using multiple stepwise regression and logistic regression models. The result shows that the overall growth of homestay inns was slow at the early stage and has progressed rapidly since 2014, with 94.2% of homestay inns newly opened during the period 2014–2019. The first hotspot was located in Moganshan National Park and then spread to the surrounding villages. Three hotspot zones have emerged, including the northern hotspot zone (Sihe-Xiantan), central hotspot zone (Houwu-Park-Liaoyuan), and southern hotspot zone (Ziling-Laoling-Lanshukeng) by 2019. The modeling indicates that government policy was an essential determinant for the increase in homestay inns, followed by entrepreneurship and investment. The new homestay inns were more likely to occur in settlements close to scenic spots, river networks, and cultivated land. Abundant scenic spots and heterogeneous landscapes were also preferred when selecting sites and executing landscape design for homestay inns. Our empirical study has provided practical insights for policy makers, entrepreneurs, and planners for future sustainable homestay industry development.

From Wallpaper to Moving Panorama

During the preparations for the Rijksmuseum depot’s move to its new location, Collectie Centrum Nederland (CCNL) in 2018, a hand-painted scenic landscape on paper that is 2,309 centimetres long and 180 centimetres high came to light. Together with five broadly similar, but shorter pieces, the group of objects was briefly described on a museum inventory card in 1962 as six rolls of wallpaper. After extensive research and conservation, it now appears that four of these are in fact fragments of a moving panorama. More specifically, they have been identified as surviving parts of what was known as the Reuzen-Cyclorama (Giant Cyclorama) or Cyclorama Reichardt, named after its German owner, Ferdinand Reichardt (b. 1813). This particular moving panorama, originally measuring an astounding one and a half kilometres, was an extraordinary phenomenon that is documented as having travelled through the Netherlands, Belgium and Great Britain between 1853 and 1855. It was shown to the public, rolled between two wooden poles and accompanied by music or storytelling, in order to give people an experience of travelling the regions of Tyrol, Switzerland and Italy. The article will follow the interdisciplinary quest undertaken by curators and conservators that led to the compelling new understanding of the purpose of these long-forgotten lengthy paper landscapes in the Rijksmuseum’s collection.

Desempenho de espécies nativas na arborização de vias públicas - estudo de caso em Lavras-MG, Brasil

Abstract In addition to creating scenic landscapes and beautifying urban areas, the cultivation of trees in urban areas can benefit ecosystems and improve cities sustainability. Besides some indications of adequate species for use in public pathways, there are few studies and knowledge regarding the native species behavior and uses for this purpose. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of some native species in urban afforestation of public pathways. Species to be evaluated were selected considering characteristics such as occurrence (biome and region), height (medium or high size), growth rate (moderate to fast), and flowering (season and color) and at the end, 11 species were selected. The species Senna macranthera, Andira fraxinifolia, Pterocarpus violaceus, Cordia superba, Jacaranda cuspidifolia, Peltophorum dubium, Inga vera, Inga edulis, Senna multijuga, Handroanthus impetiginosus and Stifftia chrysantha were planted on a public pathway at Lavras-MG, Brazil (Biome: Mata Atlântica) and evaluated observing the initial survival, growth rate, canopy, diameter at breast height (DBH) and occurrence of damage and disease. Concerning the tested species, A. fraxinifolia and S. macranthera exhibited low survival after planting (10 months) and must be replaced for other species. Handroanthus impetiginosus and P. violaceus exhibited the best performance, presenting a good growth rate, followed by J. cuspidifolia, I. vera, and I. edulis.

Evaluation of the Hygienic Quality of the Gastronomic Offer of a Coastal Tourist Destination: A Study in San Pablo, Ecuador.

In Ecuador, the San Pablo commune is one of the main tourist destinations in the Ecuadorian coastal region, recognized for its scenic landscapes and its gastronomy based on fish and seafood. The objective of this study is to evaluate the hygienic quality of the food offered in this location. Hence, five local restaurants were audited for compliance to good manufacturing practices (GMP), considering requirements for personnel, raw materials, facilities, equipment and utensils, quality assurance and storage conditions. Concurrently, four groups of ready-to-serve foods were sampled: rice, fish, natural juice, and raw salads to analyze total coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. The results confirmed the absence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. However, values outside the norm for total coliforms were quantified in three food groups. There was an average compliance of 66.46 ± 16.67% regarding GMP with no significant difference in compliance between the six groups of requirements. These results indicate that work is needed to improve GMP, increase the hygienic quality of food and enhance the gastronomy offered in San Pablo.

MINERAL BATHS AS A TRIBUTARY OF MEDICAL TOURISM ‎ IN ALGERIA –HAMMAM MELOUANE AS A MODEL

Algeria has a scenic landscape and is replete with dozens of mineral baths, which ‎are unique to record temperatures of up to 96 ° throughout the country. The role of these mineral baths has been associated with medication from ‎diseases such as the colorful bath in eastern Blida state.‎ The bathroom is considered nationally popular, as it is found in a scenic area ‎with natural water emitted from the subsoil.‎

Historical traditions and cultural and economic tenability of the modern landscape design of the Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans

The article is devoted to the analysis of the history of creation of the Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans in the city of Chernivtsi, where the Yurii Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University is now located. A part of this ensemble is a park, the uniqueness of which is due to the combination of three types of parks at the same time – the Italian garden, the French regular park and the English landscape park. The periods of creation of the park, participation of landscape designers and clergymen are covered in detail, landscape techniques and their correspondence to the three above-mentioned types of parks are analyzed. The range of problems of the park's existence and measures for its arrangement are described. Proposals for the creation of a unique Bible garden with the symbolic meaning of landscape sceneries are described separately. The proposed measures are substantiated in terms of creating a new tourist attraction.

Greenery in Scenic Landscape Depicted in Picture Postcards of Nara Park and its Role in Landscape Formation

Greenery in Scenic Landscape Depicted in Picture Postcards of Nara Park and its Role in Landscape Formation

Ecosystem Services for Scenic Quality Landscape Management: A Review

Since the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Project proposed the valuation of ecosystem services—defined as regulatory, provisional, ecosystem and cultural—the question arises as to the utility of such assessments for scenic landscape management. This author as well as others has looked at the issue of integrating ecological concerns with landscape planning. This article will be a comprehensive literature review and analysis of issues involved with utilizing ecosystem services of assessment of scenic/visual landscape quality as well as management implications. Special emphasis will be placed on the role of cultural ecosystem services.

Heritage Management: Analytical Study of Tourism Impacts on the Archaeological Site of Umm Qais—Jordan

The archaeological site of Umm Qais is a popular tourist destination for both local and foreign tourists who come to appreciate the site’s archaeological history, scenic landscape, and panoramic perspective. The site was the focus of tourism planning, which included the construction of amenities and infrastructure, the creation of tourist circuits, and archaeological management. This development was linked to a rise in visitor numbers as well as the provision of a high level of service, such as parking, tickets, kiosks, restaurants, and cafés, to welcome visitors. The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of on-site tourist services and infrastructures, as well as those of visitors, and their geographical and temporal scope on the site. The study used a qualitative approach based on case study fieldwork as a research method to achieve this goal. Personal observation, interviews with site-related stakeholders, and a checklist were used to collect data during the fieldwork. Both tourism infrastructure and visitors were proven to have a detrimental influence on tourist attractions. The site’s aesthetic pollution and structural deterioration were caused by tourism services and infrastructure. Graffiti, vandalism, and trash left by visitors exerted strong negative impacts. Furthermore, spatial and temporal negative impacts were determined by the patterns of seasonal movement of visitors and the location of infrastructure. Thus, most of the impacts were concentrated in a small portion of the site, among the western theater, the panoramic view, and the traditional Ottoman village. This research sheds light on these challenges and makes recommendations in the areas of heritage management, tourism, and visitor impact management that may be of interest to on-the-ground decision makers as well as academics.