Scan Design Research Articles

An Analysis of Relevant Studies on Language Learning Strategies in Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language

It is clear that language learning strategies play very important roles in the understanding of language learning processes, as well as in the skills students develop in learning a foreign or second language. In this study, studies on language learning strategies in teaching Turkish to foreigners were examined. In this context, content analyses of 24 studies published by 2021 were carried out. While scanning design was used in most of the reviewed studies, the Oxford Language Learning Strategies Scale (1990) was used as a measurement tool. As a result of the studies, it was found that women from foreign students who learn Turkish as a foreign language use language learning strategies more effectively than men, and the use of language learning strategies remains as age increases. As a result of the research, the lecturers were advised to guide students’ language learning strategies and to use their language learning strategies in lessons. Regarding the use of language learning strategies, it has been recommended to researchers at different language levels and to conduct research with larger populations.

Wide Two-Degree-of-Freedom Static Laser Scanner with Miniaturized Transmission Mechanism and Piezoelectric Actuation.

In recent years, laser scanners have attracted significant attention for applications such as laser radars. However, the establishment of a two-degree-of-freedom scanner that can quasi-statically drive a large mirror with a large deflection angle has proven to be challenging. In this paper, we propose a laser scanner design and fabrication method by combining two unimorph piezoelectric actuators composed of piezoelectric single-crystal Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 and a miniature translation-rotation conversion mechanism with flexible polyimide hinges. The size of the entire scanner was 32 mm × 12 mm × 10 mm. We successfully demonstrated that the scanner could achieve a large quasi-static mechanical deflection angle amplitude of 20.5° in two axes with a 6-mm-square mirror.

A Low-overhead Solution for Obfuscating Scan Data Against Scan-based Side-channel Attacks

Scan-based design has been used normally to simplify the manufacturing test. However, the convenience brought by the design also becomes the weakness that increases the vulnerability of crypto chips. Many attacks have been proved effective to steal secret information stored inside chips through this structure. In this paper, we will propose a secure scan design with very low overhead and high security. The proposed scheme chooses some scan cells in the front part of the original scan chain to store the test key. The output of these scan cells will be transmitted to a multiple-input AND gate to realize authentication. If the input test key is incorrect, the data of the subchain in the front part of the scan chain will be shifted circularly and the values of those scan cells used to store the test key will be dynamically transmitted to the latter part of the scan chain to realize dynamic data obfuscation. The scheme excellently resists existing scan attacks.

High throughput software-based gradient tree boosting positioning for PET systems

The supervised machine learning technique Gradient Tree Boosting (GTB) has shown good accuracy for position estimation of gamma interaction in PET crystals for bench-top experiments while its computational requirements can easily be adjusted. Transitioning to preclinical and clinical applications requires near real-time processing in the scale of full PET systems. In this work, a high throughput GTB-based singles positioning C++ implementation is proposed and a series of optimizations are evaluated regarding their effect on the achievable processing throughput. Moreover, the crucial feature and parameter selection for GTB is investigated for the segmented detectors of the Hyperion IID PET insert with two main models and a range of GTB hyperparameters. The proposed framework achieves singles positioning throughputs of more than 9.5 GB/s for smaller models and of 240 MB/s for more complex models on a recent Intel Skylake server. Detailed throughput analysis reveals the key performance limiting factors, and an empirical throughput model is derived to guide the GTB model selection process and scanner design decisions. The throughput model allows for throughput estimations with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 175.78 MB/s.

Multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) for treatment response assessment of radiation therapy.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the modern radiation therapy (RT) workflow. In comparison with computed tomography (CT) imaging, which is the dominant imaging modality in RT, MRI possesses excellent soft-tissue contrast for radiographic evaluation. Based on quantitative models, MRI can be used to assess tissue functional and physiological information. With the developments of scanner design, acquisition strategy, advanced data analysis, and modeling, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), a combination of morphologic and functional imaging modalities, has been increasingly adopted for disease detection, localization, and characterization. Integration of mpMRI techniques into RT enriches the opportunities to individualize RT. In particular, RT response assessment using mpMRI allows for accurate characterization of both tissue anatomical and biochemical changes to support decision-making in monotherapy of radiation treatment and/or systematic cancer management. In recent years, accumulating evidence have, indeed, demonstrated the potentials of mpMRI in RT response assessment regarding patient stratification, trial benchmarking, early treatment intervention, and outcome modeling. Clinical application of mpMRI for treatment response assessment in routine radiation oncology workflow, however, is more complex than implementing an additional imaging protocol; mpMRI requires additional focus on optimal study design, practice standardization, and unified statistical reporting strategy to realize its full potential in the context of RT. In this article, the mpMRI theories, including image mechanism, protocol design, and data analysis, will be reviewed with a focus on the radiation oncology field. Representative works will be discussed to demonstrate how mpMRI can be used for RT response assessment. Additionally, issues and limits of current works, as well as challenges and potential future research directions, will also be discussed.

Digital anthropometric volumes: Toward the development and validation of a universal software.

Anthropometry is a method for quantifying body size and shape often used to derive body composition and health risk prediction models. Recent technology advancements led to development of three-dimensional (3D) optical scanners that can overcome most of the limitations associated with manual anthropometric data collection. However, each of the currently available devices offers proprietary measurements that do not match conventional anthropometric definitions. The aim of the current study was to develop and then evaluate the precision and accuracy of new "universal" 3D optical analysis software that calculates digital anthropometric volumes using identical standard landmarks across scanners. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) total body and regional volume and fat mass reference measurements and 3D optical scans from two proprietary devices were collected from 356 participants to evaluate the robustness of total body and regional volume and fat mass measurements calculated by the developed software. Linear regression modeling with threefold cross validation was used to evaluate total body and regional fat masses from 3D scans. Total body and regional volumes measured by DXA and ADP had strong associations with corresponding estimates from the commercial 3D optical scanners coupled with the universal software (e.g., R2 =0.98 for Styku and R2 =1.00 for SS20, for both DXA and ADP comparisons). Regional body volumes also had strong correlation between DXA and the 3DO scanners (e.g., for arm, leg and trunk, respective R2 s of 0.75, 0.86, and 0.97 for Styku and 0.79, 0.89, and 0.98 for SS20). Similarly, there were strong associations between DXA- measured total body and regional fat mass and 3D optical estimates calculated by the universal software (e.g., for total body, arm, leg and trunk, respective R2 s of 0.86, 0.72, 0.77, and 0.88 for Styku and 0.84, 0.76, 0.78, and 0.85 for SS20). Absolute differences in volumes and fat mass between the reference methods and the universal software values revealed underlying proprietary scanner differences that can be improved when designing future devices. The current study suggests that, when compared against values calculated using DXA and ADP, the universal software was able to measure total and regional body volumes reliably from scans obtained by two different scanners. The universal software, with future refinements, combined with potential optical scanner design improvements, creates new opportunities for developing large multicenter anthropometric databases with uniformly defined body dimensions that can be used for modeling health risks. Shape Up! Adults Study, NCT0363785.

Stabilization of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Using Deep Mutational Scanning and Structure-Based Design.

The unprecedented global demand for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has demonstrated the need for highly effective vaccine candidates that are thermostable and amenable to large-scale manufacturing. Nanoparticle immunogens presenting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S) in repetitive arrays are being advanced as second-generation vaccine candidates, as they feature robust manufacturing characteristics and have shown promising immunogenicity in preclinical models. Here, we used previously reported deep mutational scanning (DMS) data to guide the design of stabilized variants of the RBD. The selected mutations fill a cavity in the RBD that has been identified as a linoleic acid binding pocket. Screening of several designs led to the selection of two lead candidates that expressed at higher yields than the wild-type RBD. These stabilized RBDs possess enhanced thermal stability and resistance to aggregation, particularly when incorporated into an icosahedral nanoparticle immunogen that maintained its integrity and antigenicity for 28 days at 35-40°C, while corresponding immunogens displaying the wild-type RBD experienced aggregation and loss of antigenicity. The stabilized immunogens preserved the potent immunogenicity of the original nanoparticle immunogen, which is currently being evaluated in a Phase I/II clinical trial. Our findings may improve the scalability and stability of RBD-based coronavirus vaccines in any format and more generally highlight the utility of comprehensive DMS data in guiding vaccine design.

An ultra-wide scanner for large-area high-speed atomic force microscopy with megapixel resolution

High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is a powerful tool for visualizing the dynamics of individual biomolecules. However, in single-molecule HS-AFM imaging applications, x,y-scanner ranges are typically restricted to a few hundred nanometers, preventing overview observation of larger molecular assemblies, such as 2-dimensional protein crystal growth or fibrillar aggregation. Previous advances in scanner design using mechanical amplification of the piezo-driven x,y-positioning system have extended the size of HS-AFM image frames to several tens of micrometer, but these large scanners may suffer from mechanical instabilities at high scan speeds and only record images with limited pixel numbers and comparatively low lateral resolutions (> 20–100 nm/pixel), complicating single-molecule analysis. Thus, AFM systems able to image large sample areas at high speeds and with nanometer resolution have still been missing. Here, we describe a HS-AFM sample-scanner system able to record large topographic images (≤ 36 × 36 µm2) containing up to 16 megapixels, providing molecular resolution throughout the image frame. Despite its large size, the flexure-based scanner features a high resonance frequency (> 2 kHz) and delivers stable operation even at high scans speeds of up to 7.2 mm/s, minimizing the time required for recording megapixel scans. We furthermore demonstrate that operating this high-speed scanner in time-lapse mode can simultaneously identify areas of spontaneous 2-dimensional Annexin A5 crystal growth, resolve the angular orientation of large crystalline domains, and even detect rare crystal lattice defects, all without changing scan frame size or resolution. Dynamic processes first identified from overview scans can then be further imaged at increased frame rates in reduced scan areas after switching to conventional HS-AFM scanning. The added ability to collect large-area, high-resolution images of complex samples within biological-relevant time frames extends the capabilities of HS-AFM from single-molecule imaging to the study of large dynamic molecular arrays. Moreover, large-area HS-AFM scanning can generate detailed structural data sets from a single scan, aiding the quantitative analysis of structurally heterogenous samples, including cellular surfaces.

Partially digital workflow for making complete-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses: A dental technique

This article describes a technique for making complete-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses by using intraoral scanning and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology for the fabrication of a metal substructure and conventional processing for the prosthesis base. For this, a device was designed to accurately capture the position of multiple implants and the associated digitalized surgical guide, and the metal substructure was planned and milled directly in cobalt-chromium. The color of the gingiva and artificial teeth was selected by using the intraoral scanner software program, and the prosthesis base was processed conventionally. The straightforward methods used to fabricate the prostheses eliminated possible errors associated with conventional substructure casting and occlusal registration.

Accuracy of customized abutment data superimposition according to the extent of scanning area.

To evaluate the accuracy of superimposition of customized abutment library data onto scanned abutment data according to the extent of the scanning area. A patient model was fabricated by a 3D printer (Probo, DIO Implant), and a customized abutment was fabricated using a four-axis milling machine (ARUM 4X-100, Doowon). The customized abutment library data were generated using a laboratory scanner (E3, 3Shape) for superimposition after intraoral scanning. A cone-shaped structure was embedded into the library data at the center of the connection part. The customized abutment was placed on the model, and the model was scanned using a laboratory scanner to produce reference data. Three different test group datasets were generated using intraoral scanner and computer-aided design software: (1) fully scanned customized abutment; (2) insufficiently scanned proximal surface; and (3) insufficiently scanned margin, assuming challenging intraoral conditions. The library data were superimposed onto each test group; thereafter, the distance and angle between the reference and test group data were analyzed by using the embedded cone. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey test for multiple comparisons. There were no statistically significant differences between the mean distance and angle of the test group data (with three different scanning areas) and the reference data. The superimposition technique can be used clinically, not only when the scan is complete, but also when the proximal surface and margin of the customized abutment have been scanned incompletely.

Scanxiety: a scoping review about scan-associated anxiety

ObjectivesTo identify available literature on prevalence, severity and contributing factors of scan-associated anxiety (‘scanxiety’) and interventions to reduce it.DesignSystematic scoping review.Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid PsycINFO, Ovid Cochrane Central...

Associations of Pain Characteristics with Long-term Trajectories of Physical Capacity among Older Adults in the United States

Bothersome and multisite pain are common and strongly associated with low physical functioning in older adults. Although these associations are well established in cross-sectional studies, few population-based studies have examined the impact of pain on physical functioning over time. Accordingly, we sought to determine the associations of pain characteristics with longitudinal trajectories of performance-based measures of physical capacity in older adults. Data on 6,783 community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years who participated in the 2011-2017 National Health and Aging Trends Study were analyzed. Physical capacity was measured annually using the Short Physical Performance Battery. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify groups with similar longitudinal patterns of physical capacity. Baseline pain characteristics included report of bothersome pain in the past month, activity-limiting pain, location of pain, and pain medication use. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations of pain characteristics with trajectories of physical capacity, adjusting for demographic and health characteristics. The cohort was 57% female, 68% white, and 58% were ≥75 years. Four distinct physical capacity trajectories were identified: “persistently low” (12% of cohort), “low, declining” (16%), “moderate, declining” (29%), and “persistently high” (43%). Participants who reported bothersome pain, activity-limiting pain, greater number of pain sites, and more frequent pain medication use at baseline were significantly more likely to demonstrate either “persistently low” or a declining physical capacity trajectory. For example, compared to those not reporting bothersome pain participants who reported bothersome pain were 79% (adjusted relative risk [RR]=1.79 [95%CI:1.26-2.55]), 75% (RR=1.75 [95%CI:1.42-2.16]), and 24% (RR=1.24 [95%CI:1.01-1.51]) more likely to have a “persistently low”, “low declining”, and “moderate declining” physical capacity trajectory, respectively. Among older adults in the US, bothersome pain and other pain characteristics were significantly associated with poor and worsening trajectories of physical capacity over a 6-year period. National Institute on Aging/NIH U01AG032947 and Scan Design Foundation.

Validation of Digital Evaluation in Systematic Training on Tooth Preparation in Aesthetic Veneer Rehabilitation.

To evaluate the outcome of systematic video training on tooth preparation in veneer restoration and the practicability of the application of the digital evaluation system of scan design and assessment software. Ten residents were selected from a group enrolled on the first-year programme for the National Standard Training of Dentistry in the Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine. First, each student prepared five teeth based on their knowledge and clinical experience, and then received systematic video training on veneer preparation. Before and after the training, the evaluation of the effects of training was conducted on the prepared teeth by measuring the continuity of the finishing line and tooth reduction amount automatically using the prepCheck 2.0 (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA) CAD/CAM system. The results showed a significant difference in the quality of finishing line continuity pre- and post-training. Furthermore, the data for tooth reduction after training, which met standard values, improved remarkably, increasing from 32.40 ± 7.82% to 60.50 ± 5.48%. Video training could significantly enhance the quality of tooth preparation for veneers. Moreover, the digital evaluation system could serve as an ideal alternative for tooth preparation evaluation for preclinical students, offering new insights for clinical education.

YÖNETİCİLERİN YILDIRICI DAVRANIŞLARININ ÖZEL OKUL ÖĞRETMEN MOTİVASYONUNA ETKİSİ

Yıldırma hem bireysel hem grupsal etki açısından negatif sonuçları olan soyut ve karmaşık bir yapıdır. Çalışma alanında uygulanan yıldırma, daha çok hem çalışan üzerinde hem de başkalarına karşı yapılan; tahammülsüzlük, psikolojik yıldırma, düşüncülere baskı kurma, farklılıklara karşı kabullenmeme gibi durumlardır. Bu çalışmada yıldırmanın Özel okul öğretmenlerin motivasyonu üzerindeki etkilerine değinilmiş ve bu etki açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmamıza 14 erkek, 27 kadın olmak üzere toplam 41 kişi gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Bu araştırma, yöntem olarak nicel tarama modeli ve kesitsel tarama tasarımına dayalı olarak hazırlanmıştır. Verilerin elde edilmesinde ‘İş yerinde psikolojik taciz ölçeği’ ile ‘Kişisel Bilgi Formu’ kullanılmıştır. Normallik testi için Kolmogrov-Smirnov (KS) testi uygulanmıştır. P değerleri 0,05 ten küçük çıkmıştır. Bu durum verilerin normal dağılmadığını göstermiştir. Daha sonra betimsel analiz yapılarak frekans, ortalama ve yüzde değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Normal olmayan dağılımlarda paremetrik olmayan analizler yapılır (Yıldırım & Şimşek, 2016). İki değişkenli kategorik bağımsız değişkenlerimiz olan cinsiyetin bağımlı değişken üzerindeki etkisi Mann-Whitney U testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Beş değişkenli olan hizmet süresi ve yaş ile on değişkenli olan branş değişkenlerinin etkileri ise Kruskal – Wallies testi ile yapılmıştır. 28 bağımlı değişken üzerinde; cinsiyet, hizmet süresi, yaş, ve branşa göre anlamlılık ilişkisi aranmıştır. Analiz sonuçları bize yıldrmanın çok düşük miktarda olduğunu göstermiştir. Erkeklerin kadınlara göre, matematik branşının diğer branşlar göre, işe yönelik davranışlar açısından sınıf öğretmenliği branşı diğer branşlara göre, daha fazla, yıldırmaya maruz kalmıştır. Yine benzer şekilde dışlayan davranışlar ile sözlü, yazılı ve görsel saldırılar açısından matematik branşının daha fazla yıldırmaya maruz kaldığı görülmektedir. Hizmet süresi ve yaş değişkenlerine göre boyutlar arsında ve ölçeğin ortalamasında anlamlı farklar bulunmamıştır.

Development of gantry radial arm robotic system for corrosion inspection on wall of reactor tank TRIGA

This paper focuses on the design upgrade of existing scanner of gantry radial arm robotic system for corrosion inspection on wall reactor of a TRIGA tank. The scanner design will be used for under water inspection environment verification. This inspection can be performed by using ultrasonic C-scan that will be designed in this project. This gantry radial arm system is a modular design that allows upgrading, easy dimensional matching and, specifications related to kinematic and technique. The gantry radial arm system is expected to be user-friendly. SolidWorks software was used to design the prototype of the gantry radial arm. Most of the components are made from Aluminium which is much sturdy and low cost. Meanwhile for the rod holder system, spring mechanism was used to prevent rod from bending when it moves down into the water. The test results show that the system designed is safe to be used, as it has been proved by simulation and calculation.

The correction of clothing insulation and ergonomic design through 3D CAD reverse engineering

Three-dimensional (3D) scanning and computer-aided design (CAD) technology has been used in engineering and ergonomics practice for several years, due to their admissibility in producing accurate 3D object representation, scan data restoration and modification. Lately, application was extended for reconstructing and modelling 3D scan data of the human body, since this enables tracing the geometry information and precise measurement analysis. In this study, this technology was applied to analyse scanned models of a dressed human body. The changes in microclimatic air distribution and clothing area due to changing upper limb positions, simulating functional reaching movements for aircrew personnel, were calculated using 3D scanning and CAD technology. The results prove the posture representing the overall lateral limit of reach to be the best for the volume and area identification by means of 3D scanning. The study will further serve as a basis to modify clothing prototypes for improved thermal protection.

EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EDUCATIONALTEACHING SATISFACTION AND ACADEMIC MOTIVATION OF BIOLOGY TEACHERS

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between academic motivation and educational satisfaction of biology teacher candidates who continue their education in higher education by considering different variables. In the research, scanning design was used within the scope of quantitative model to reveal the current situation. The study group of the study consists of 121 biology teacher candidates who continue their education in two different state universities in Ankara. In order to collect the data of the research, "Student Satisfaction Scale for Education and Training in Higher Education" and "Academic Motivation Scale" were used. According to the results obtained from the research; It was determined that the satisfaction and academic motivation of biology teacher candidates about education in higher education is above the middle level. When the gender sub-dimension of the research results was examined, it was found that the education satisfaction and academic motivation of the male teacher candidates were higher than the female teacher candidates. When the university variable of teacher candidates is examined, it can be said that there is a difference in terms of satisfaction, especially between equipment and laboratory and communication with academic and administrative staff and these situations affect the satisfaction of the candidates. When the class level sub-dimension of the study was examined, it was concluded that there was a significant difference between the satisfaction of 4th grade candidates and those of other classes. While 4th grade candidates show a medium level of satisfaction, candidates in the other class show a high level of satisfaction. It is noteworthy that the reason for this is related to belonging and guidance in the sub-dimension of the satisfaction scale. It is seen that the highest satisfaction among candidates is in the first year. According to the results of the research, the frequency of voluntary coming to the department of the second university teacher candidates is higher than the frequency of voluntary coming to the department of the candidates in the 1st university. These results support that the motivation levels of the candidates may differ due to internal motivation reasons. One of the results obtained from the study is to determine a positive and moderate relationship (r = 438) between the education satisfaction and academic motivation of biology teacher candidates. This situation shows that when the education-teaching satisfaction levels of biology teacher candidates are affected, the academic motivation of the candidate may be affected at a moderate level.

EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EDUCATIONALTEACHING SATISFACTION AND ACADEMIC MOTIVATION OF BIOLOGY TEACHERS

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between academic motivation and educational satisfaction of biology teacher candidates who continue their education in higher education by considering different variables. In the research, scanning design was used within the scope of quantitative model to reveal the current situation. The study group of the study consists of 121 biology teacher candidates who continue their education in two different state universities in Ankara. In order to collect the data of the research, "Student Satisfaction Scale for Education and Training in Higher Education" and "Academic Motivation Scale" were used. According to the results obtained from the research; It was determined that the satisfaction and academic motivation of biology teacher candidates about education in higher education is above the middle level. When the gender sub-dimension of the research results was examined, it was found that the education satisfaction and academic motivation of the male teacher candidates were higher than the female teacher candidates. When the university variable of teacher candidates is examined, it can be said that there is a difference in terms of satisfaction, especially between equipment and laboratory and communication with academic and administrative staff and these situations affect the satisfaction of the candidates. When the class level sub-dimension of the study was examined, it was concluded that there was a significant difference between the satisfaction of 4th grade candidates and those of other classes. While 4th grade candidates show a medium level of satisfaction, candidates in the other class show a high level of satisfaction. It is noteworthy that the reason for this is related to belonging and guidance in the sub-dimension of the satisfaction scale. It is seen that the highest satisfaction among candidates is in the first year. According to the results of the research, the frequency of voluntary coming to the department of the second university teacher candidates is higher than the frequency of voluntary coming to the department of the candidates in the 1st university. These results support that the motivation levels of the candidates may differ due to internal motivation reasons. One of the results obtained from the study is to determine a positive and moderate relationship (r = 438) between the education satisfaction and academic motivation of biology teacher candidates. This situation shows that when the education-teaching satisfaction levels of biology teacher candidates are affected, the academic motivation of the candidate may be affected at a moderate level.

Diagnostic accuracy of positive oral contrast in abdominal computed tomography for non-traumatic pathologies: a systematic review protocol.

The objective of this review is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of positive oral contrast versus no oral contrast for common, non-traumatic computed tomography abdominal indications in adults. Positive oral contrast is regularly administered to patients to drink prior to computed tomography scans of the abdomen and pelvis. The purpose of the preparation is to improve visualization of the bowel, however, technological advances in scanner design may mean positive oral contrast is no longer required. Eligible studies will consider the use of positive oral contrast in non-traumatic indications for computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis to include appendicitis, bowel obstruction, diverticulitis, intestinal neoplasms and metastasis (screening or staging), or acute abdomen. The review will use the discharge diagnosis as the reference standard. Studies that describe adult patients (18+) and published from 2000 on will be considered. MEDLINE Complete, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus will be searched, along with Google Scholar and numerous radiology college websites. Screening of potential titles and abstracts, retrieval of full-text studies, assessment of methodological quality, and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. Meta-analyses will be performed, if possible, and a Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Summary of Findings presented. PROSPERO (CRD42020184285).

A Novel Bespoke Hypertrophic Scar Treatment: Actualizing Hybrid Pressure and Silicone Therapies with 3D Printing and Scanning.

The treatment of hypertrophic scars (HSs) is considered to be the most challenging task in wound rehabilitation. Conventional silicone sheet therapy has a positive effect on the healing process of HSs. However, the dimensions of the silicone sheet are typically larger than those of the HS itself which may negatively impact the healthy skin that surrounds the HS. Furthermore, the debonding and displacement of the silicone sheet from the skin are critical problems that affect treatment compliance. Herein, we propose a bespoke HS treatment design that integrates pressure sleeve with a silicone sheet and use of silicone gel using a workflow of three-dimensional (3D) printing, 3D scanning and computer-aided design, and manufacturing software. A finite element analysis (FEA) is used to optimize the control of the pressure distribution and investigate the effects of the silicone elastomer. The result shows that the silicone elastomer increases the amount of exerted pressure on the HS and minimizes unnecessary pressure to other parts of the wrist. Based on this treatment design, a silicone elastomer that perfectly conforms to an HS is printed and attached onto a customized pressure sleeve. Most importantly, unlimited scar treating gel can be applied as the means to optimize treatment of HSs while the silicone sheet is firmly affixed and secured by the pressure sleeve.