Scaled Quantum Mechanical Force Field Research Articles

A complete vibrational study on a potential environmental toxicant agent, the 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachloroazobenzene combining the FTIR, FTRaman, UV–Visible and NMR spectroscopies with DFT calculations

In this study 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB) was prepared and then characterized by infrared, Raman, multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopies. The density functional theory (DFT) together with the 6-31G* and 6-311++G** basis sets were used to study the structures and vibrational properties of the two cis and trans isomers of TCAB. The harmonic vibrational wavenumbers for the optimized geometries were calculated at the same theory levels. A complete assignment of all the observed bands in the vibrational spectra of TCAB was performed combining the DFT calculations with the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) methodology. The molecular electrostatic potentials, atomic charges, bond orders and frontier orbitals for the two isomers of TCAB were compared and analyzed. The comparison of the theoretical ultraviolet–visible spectrum with the corresponding experimental demonstrates a good concordance while the calculated 1H and 13C chemicals shifts are in good conformity with the corresponding experimental NMR spectra of TCAB in solution. The np®p* transitions for both forms were studied by natural bond orbital (NBO) while the topological properties were calculated by employing Bader’s Atoms in the Molecules (AIM) theory. This study shows that the cis and trans isomers exhibit different structural and vibrational properties and absorption bands.

Synthesis, crystal growth, characterization and theoretical studies of 4-aminobenzophenonium picrate

Single crystals of 4-aminobenzophenonium picrate (4ABPP) were grown by slow evaporation of a mixed solvent system methanol–acetone (1:1,v/v) containing equimolar quantities of picric acid and 4-aminobenzophenone. The proton and carbon signals are confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The various functional groups present in the molecule are identified by FT-IR analysis. Optimized geometry, first-order molecular hyperpolarizability (β), polarizability (α), bond length, bond angles and excited state energy from theoretical UV were derived by Hartree–Fock calculations. The complete assignment of the vibrational modes for 4-aminobenzophenonium picrate was performed by the scaled quantum mechanics force field (SQMFF) methodology using potential energy distribution. Natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations were employed to study the stabilities arising from charge delocalization and intermolecular interactions of 4ABPP. The atomic charge distributions of the various atoms present in 4ABPP are obtained by Mulliken charge population analysis. The as-grown crystal is further characterized by thermal and optical absorbance studies.

Vibrational spectra, molecular structure, natural bond orbital, first order hyperpolarizability, thermodynamic analysis and normal coordinate analysis of Salicylaldehyde p-methylphenylthiosemicarbazone by density functional method

The thiosemicarbazone compound, Salicylaldehyde p-methylphenylthiosemicarbazone (abbreviated as SMPTSC) was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, FT-Raman and UV. Density functional (DFT) calculations have been carried out for the title compound by performing DFT level of theory using B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) basis set. The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies were calculated and compared with the experimental data. The detailed interpretation of the vibrational spectra has been carried out with aid of normal coordinate analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology. The electronic dipole moment (μD) and the first hyperpolarizability (βtot) values of the investigated molecule were computed using density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The stability and charge delocalization of the molecule was studied by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Thearomaticities of the phenyl rings were studied using the standard harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) index. Mulliken population analysis on atomic charges is also calculated. The molecule orbital contributions are studied by density of energy states (DOSs).

Molecular structure, vibrational spectra and 13C and 1H NMR spectral analysis of 1-methylnaphthalene by ab initio HF and DFT methods

The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman of 1-methylnaphthalene (1MN) have been recorded and analyzed. The equilibrium geometry, bond lengths, bond angles and harmonic vibrational frequencies have been investigated with the help of density functional theory (DFT) method. Vibrational spectroscopic assignments of 1-methylnaphthalene (1MN) are carried out with the help of quantum chemical calculation. The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule are calculated by the Gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) method. The molecular stability and bond strength have been investigated by using natural bond orbital analysis (NBO). The assignments of vibrational spectra have been carried out with the help of normal co-ordinate analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) methodology. The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shift of the molecular is depend only on the structure of the molecule. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energy shows that charge transfer interactions take place within the molecule. Finally, the calculation results are applied to simulate infrared and Raman spectra of the title compound which show good agreement with observed spectra.

Infrared, Raman and NMR spectra, conformational stability and vibrational assignment of 7,8-Dihydroxy-4-Methylcoumarin

We report a combined some (infrared, Raman and NMR) spectroscopic and quantum chemistry study on 7,8-Dihydroxy-4-Methylcoumarin molecule (78D4MC). The Raman and IR spectra of 78D4MC molecule were recorded and analyzed in the region 3500–50cm−1 and 4000–400cm−1, respectively. Potential energy scans were performed at the MMFF level of theory. All possible conformers, which are results at the MMFF level theory, were re-computed at the B3LYP functional with cc-pVDZ basis set. The optimized geometrical parameters, harmonic vibrational wavenumbers and NMR chemical shifts of the most stable conformer were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p), cc-pVTZ and cc-pVQZ level in the proximity of the isolated molecule. DFT calculations were combined with Pulay’s scaled quantum mechanics force field (SQMFF) methodology in order to fit the theoretical wavenumbers to the experimental ones.

Structural and vibrational investigation on species derived from the cyclamic acid in aqueous solution by using HATR and Raman spectroscopies and SCRF calculations

In this study, aqueous solutions at different molar concentrations of sodium cyclamate in water were completely characterized by HATR (Horizontal Attenuated Total Reflectance) and Raman spectroscopies. The theoretical structures of cyclamate ion, the zwitterionic and neutral forms of the cyclamic acid and its dimer were optimized in gas and aqueous solution phases by using the hybrid B3LYP/6-31G* method. The solvent effects for the four species in aqueous solutions were simulated by using self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) calculations employing the integral equation formalism variant (IEFPCM) model. The complete assignments of the vibrational spectra of all the forms of cyclamic acid were performed taking into account the factor group analysis with the Scaled Quantum Mechanics Force Field (SQMFF) methodology. The existence of the zwitterionic and neutral forms of the cyclamic acid and its dimer in a solution of cyclamate in water is evidenced by characteristic bands in the HATR and Raman spectra. The dimerization of cyclamate in aqueous solution was previously reported by conductimetric method. The natural population analysis (NPA) and Merz–Kollman (MK) charges, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), natural bond orbital (NBO) and atoms in molecules (AIM) calculations predict for all the species the principal donor and acceptor sites for the H bonds formation in aqueous solution. The SQM force fields for the cyclamate ion, the zwitterionic and neutral species of the cyclamic acid were obtained and their corresponding force constants in both phases were reported. Additionally, the solvation energies for those species were reported.

Normal coordinate analysis and vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR and FT-Raman) studies of 5-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-isoxazole-4-carboxamide using density functional method

Vibrational spectral analysis of 5-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-isoxazole-4-carboxamide is (5MN4TPI4C) molecule was carried out using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic techniques. The equilibrium geometry, harmonic vibrational wavenumbers, various bonding features have been computed using density functional B3LYP method with 6-311G(d,p) as basis set. The assignments of the vibrational spectra have been carried out with the aid of normal coordinate analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology (SQMFFM). Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions, charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The non-linear optical (NLO) behavior of 5MN4TPI4C has been studied by determination of the electric dipole moment (μ) and hyperpolarizability (β) by using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) method. The molecular orbital compositions and their contributions to the chemical bonding are studied by Total density of energy states (TDOS), sum of α and β electron (αβDOS) density of states. Thermodynamic properties (heat capacity, entropy and enthalpy) of the title compound at different temperatures are calculated.

Quantum mechanical study and spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV–Visible) study, potential energy surface scan, Fukui function analysis and HOMO–LUMO analysis of 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol by DFT methods

This study represents an integral approach towards understanding the electronic and structural aspects of 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (TBMP). Fourier-transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Fourier-transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectra of TBMP was recorded in the region 4000–400cm−1 and 3500–100cm−1, respectively. The molecular structures, vibrational wavenumbers, infrared intensities and Raman activities were calculated using DFT (B3LYP and LSDA) methods using 6-311++G (d,p) basis set. The most stable conformer of TBMP was identified from the computational results. The assignments of vibrational spectra have been carried out with the help of normal co-ordinate analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) methodology. The first order hyperpolarizability (β0) and related properties (β, α0 and Δα) of TBMP have been discussed. The stability and charge delocalization of the molecule was studied by Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. UV–Visible spectrum and effects of solvents have been discussed and the electronic properties such as HOMO and LUMO energies were determined by time-dependent TD-DFT approach with B3LYP/6-311++G (d,p) level of theory. The molecule orbital contributions are studied by density of energy states (DOSs). The reactivity sites are identified by mapping the electron density into electrostatic potential surface (MEP). Mulliken analysis of atomic charges is also calculated. The thermodynamic properties at different temperatures were calculated, revealing the correlations between standard heat capacities, standard entropy and standard enthalpy changes with temperatures. Global hardness, global softness, global electrophilicity and ionization potential of the title compound are determined.

Experimental and computational study on 2,2′-[(1E,2E)-hydrazine-1,2-diylidenedi(1E)eth-1-yl-1-ylidene]diphenol and its Ni(II), Pt(II), Pd(II) complexes

2,2′-[(1E,2E)-hydrazine-1,2-diylidenedi(1E)eth-1-yl-1-ylidene]diphenol and its dimeric, binuclear Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) metal complexes were synthesized. Hydrazine derivative and its complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, LC-MS, IR, electronic spectra, 1H and 13C NMR spectra, conductivity and magnetic measurements. 1H and 13C shielding tensors for crystal structure were calculated with GIAO/DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) methods in CDCl3. The vibrational band assignments were performed at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) theory level combined with scaled quantum mechanics force field (SQMFF) methodology. The antibacterial activities of synthesized compounds were studied against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by using the microdilution and disk diffusion method. As the antibacterial activity results evidently show, the compound possessed a broad spectrum of activity against the tested bacteria.

An experimental study of the structural and vibrational properties of sesquiterpene lactone cnicin using FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV–visible and NMR spectroscopies

An experimental and theoretical investigation of cnicin is presented, combining the use of infrared, Raman, NMR and UV–visible spectroscopies with density functional theory (DFT) that employs hybrid B3LYP exchange correlation functional and a 6-31G∗ basis set. The molecular electrostatic potentials, atomic charges, bond orders, stabilization energies, topological properties and energy gap are presented by performing NBO, AIM and HOMO–LUMO calculations at the same level of theory as cnicin. A complete vibrational compound assignment was performed by employing internal coordinate analysis and a scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) methodology. Comparisons between the theoretical and experimental vibrational and ultraviolet–visible spectra show a strong concordance. The geometrical parameters and NBO studies suggest a probable negative Cotton effect for cnicin, which can be attributed to the π→π∗ transition for an α,β-unsaturated γ-lactone, as reported in the literature.

Molecular structure, vibrational spectroscopic, hyperpolarizability, natural bond orbital analysis, frontier molecular orbital analysis and thermodynamic properties of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenylacetic acid

The FT-IR (4000–400cm−1) and FT-Raman spectra (3500–100cm−1) of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenylacetic acid (PAA) have been recorded. Density functional theory calculation with LSDA/6-31+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) basis sets have been used to determine ground state molecular geometries (bond lengths and bond angles), harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, Raman intensities and bonding features of the title compound. The assignments of the vibrational spectra have been carried out with the help of normal coordinate analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) methodology. The first order hyperpolarizability (β0) and related properties (β, α0 and Δα) of PAA are calculated using B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) method on the finite-field approach. The calculated first hyperpolarizability shows that the molecule is an attractive molecule for future applications in non-linear optics. The stability of molecule has been analyzed by using NBO analysis. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within this molecule. Mulliken population analysis on atomic charges is also calculated. Thermodynamic properties (heat capacity, enthalpy, Gibb’s free energy and entropy) of the title compound at different temperatures were calculated.

FTIR and Raman spectra, electronic spectra and normal coordinate analysis of N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propan-1-amine by DFT method

The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectra of N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propan-1-amine have been recorded in the range 4000–500cm−1 and 4000–50cm−1 respectively. The complete vibrational assignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of the compound were carried out using the observed FT-IR and FT Raman data. The vibrational frequencies experimentally determined, was compared with the theoretical frequencies computed by DFT gradient calculations (B3LYP method) employing the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set for the optimized geometry of the compound. The geometry and normal modes of vibration obtained from the DFT method are in good agreement with the experimental data. The assignments of the vibrational spectra have been carried out with the help of Normal Coordinate Analysis (NCA) following the Scaled Quantum Mechanical Force Field Methodology (SQMFF). The calculated infrared and Raman spectra of the title compounds were also stimulated utilizing the scaled force fields and the computed dipole derivatives for IR intensities and polarizability derivatives for Raman intensities. The change in electron density (ED) in the σ* and π* antibonding orbitals and stabilization energies E(2) have been calculated by Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis to give clear evidence of stabilization originating in the hyper conjugation of hydrogen-bonded interaction. The electronic spectrum determined by TD-DFT method is compared with the observed electronic spectrum.

FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV–Vis spectral and normal coordinate analysis of chlorzoxazone

The FT-IR (4000–400cm−1) and FT-Raman spectra (3500–100cm−1) of chlorzoxazone (CHLZ) have been recorded in the condensed state. Density functional theory calculation with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set have been used to determine ground state molecular geometries (bond length and bond angle), harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, Raman activities and bonding features of the title compound. The assignments of the vibrational spectra have been carried out with the help of normal co-ordinate analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) methodology. The first order hyperpolarizability (β0) and related properties (β, α0 and Δα) of CHLZ is calculated using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method on the finite-field approach. The stability of molecule has been analyzed by using NBO analysis. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within these molecules. Mulliken population analysis on atomic charges is also calculated. Because of vibrational analyses, the thermodynamic properties of the title compound at different temperatures have been calculated. Finally, the UV–Vis spectra and electronic absorption properties were explained and illustrated from the frontier molecular orbitals.

A complete assignment of the vibrational spectra of sucrose in aqueous medium based on the SQM methodology and SCRF calculations

In the present study, a complete assignment of the vibrational spectra of sucrose in aqueous medium was performed combining Pulay’s Scaled Quantum Mechanics Force Field (SQMFF) methodology with self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) calculations. Aqueous saturated solutions of sucrose and solutions at different molar concentrations of sucrose in water were completely characterized by infrared, HATR, and Raman spectroscopies. In accordance with reported data of the literature for sucrose, the theoretical structures of sucrose penta and sucrose dihydrate were also optimized in gas and aqueous solution phases by using the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The solvent effects for the three studied species were analyzed using the solvation PCM/SMD model and, then, their corresponding solvation energies were predicted. The presence of pure water, sucrose penta-hydrate, and sucrose dihydrate was confirmed by using theoretical calculations based on the hybrid B3LYP/6-31G∗ method and the experimental vibrational spectra. The existence of both sucrose hydrate complexes in aqueous solution is evidenced in the IR and HATR spectra by means of the characteristic bands at 3388, 3337, 3132, 1648, 1375, 1241, 1163, 1141, 1001, 870, 851, 732, and 668cm−1 while in the Raman spectrum, the groups of bands in the regions 3159–3053cm−1, 2980, 2954, and 1749–1496cm−1 characterize the vibration modes of those complexes. The inter and intra-molecular H bond formations in aqueous solution were studied by Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) and Atoms in Molecules theory (AIM) investigation.

The spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman and NMR), NCA, Fukui function analysis first order hyperpolarizability, TGA of 6-chloro-3,4dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiazine-7-sulphonamide1,1-dioxide by ab initio HF and Density Functional method

The Fourier-Transform Infrared and Fourier-Transform Raman spectra of 6-Chloro-3,4dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiazine-7sulphonamide1,1-dioxide(6CDBSD) was recorded in the region 4000–450cm−1 and 4000–100cm−1respectively. Quantum chemical calculations of energies, geometrical structure and vibrational wave numbers of 6CDBSD were carried out by HF and DFT (B3LYP) method with 6-31G (d,p) basis set. The difference between the observed and scaled wavenumber value of most of the fundamentals is very small. The assignments of the vibrational spectra have been carried out with the aid of normal coordinate analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology (SQMFF). The linear polariazability (α) and the first order hyperpolarizability (βtot) values of the investigated molecule have been computed using HF and DFT with 6-31G (d,p) basis set. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interaction and charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecules were calculated using the Gauge-Invariant Atomic orbital (GIAO) method, confirms with the experimental values. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies also confirm that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. Thermal stability of 6CDBSD was studied by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Next Fukui functions was calculated to identify changes in the reactivity of molecule. Finally molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and other molecular properties were performed.

Vibrational study of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, a potential anticancer agent, by infrared, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy

The structural and vibrational properties of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) were studied using infrared and Raman spectroscopy in the solid phase and multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in solution. The theoretical structures of the compound and of its dimer in the gas phase and in DMSO solution by using density functional theory (DFT) were studied. The harmonic vibrational frequencies for the optimized geometry of CAPE and its dimeric species were calculated at the B3LYP level of theory using the 6–31G* basis set. These data allow a complete assignment of the vibration modes of the FTIR and Raman spectra in the solid state using the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) methodology. The vibrational analysis for the dimer was performed taking into account the correlation diagram by means of the factor group analysis in accordance with the experimental structure determined by X-ray diffraction. The presence of the dimer of CAPE is supported by the IR bands at 1654, 1635, 1563, 1533, 1300, 1107, 1050, 738cm−1 and the Raman bands at 1684, 1681, 1634, 1112, 1050, 928, 873, 850, 740, 445, 371 and 141cm−1. The calculated 1H and 13C chemicals shifts are consistent with the corresponding experimental NMR spectra of the compound in solution. In addition, a natural bond orbital (NBO) study revealed the characteristics of the electronic delocalization of the stable structure, while the corresponding topological properties of the electronic charge density were analyzed by employing Bader's atoms in the molecules theory (AIM).

A complete assignment of the vibrational spectra of 2-furoic acid based on the structures of the more stable monomer and dimer

The structural and vibrational properties of cyclic dimer of 2-furoic acid (2FA) were predicted by combining the available experimental infrared and Raman spectra in the solid phase and ab initio calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) with Pople’s basis sets. The calculations show that there are two cyclic dimers for the title molecule that have been theoretically determined in the gas phase, and that only one of them, cis conformer, is present in the solid phase. The complete assignment of the 66 normal vibrational modes for the cis cyclic dimer was performed using the Pulay’s Scaled Quantum Mechanics Force Field (SQMFF) methodology. Four strong bands in the infrared spectrum at 1583, 1427, 1126 and 887cm−1 and the group of bands in the Raman spectrum at 1464, 1452, 1147, 1030, 885, 873, 848, 715 and 590cm−1 are characteristic of the dimeric form of 2FA in the solid phase. In this work, the calculated structural and vibrational properties of both dimeric species were analyzed and compared between them. In addition, three types of atomic charges, bond orders, possible charge transfer, topological properties of the furan rings, Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) and Atoms in Molecules (AIM) theory calculations were employed to study the stabilities and intermolecular interactions of the both dimers of 2FA.

Study of vibrational spectra, normal coordinate analysis and molecular structure of 6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine-3,5-diamine using density functional theory

In the present analysis, the FT-IR, FT-Raman spectra of 6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4 triazine-3,5-diamine (DCTDA) have been recorded in the region 4000–450cm−1 and 4000–100cm−1 respectively. The stable structure geometry of the isolated molecule in the gas phase was investigated theoretically using density functional theory (B3LYP) with 6-311G(d,p) basis set. The assignment of the vibrational spectra has been calculated to aid with normal coordinate analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology (SQMF). UV–Vis spectra of the compound was recorded in water solvent and the electronic properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies were calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach. The various intramolecular interactions which are responsible for the stabilization of the molecule were revealed by the natural bond orbital analysis. The molecule orbital contributions are studied by density of energy states (DOS). The other molecular properties like molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), NLO and thermodynamic properties of the title compound at different temperatures have been calculated. Finally the calculation results were applied to stimulate infrared and Raman spectra of the title compound which show good agreement with observed spectra.

Molecular structure, vibrational spectra and first-order hyperpolarisability analysis of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole by DFT method

Vibrational analysis of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole (2A6NBT) molecule has been carried out at room temperature using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic techniques. The equilibrium geometry, bonding features and harmonic vibrational frequencies have been investigated with the help of the density functional theory DFT method. The non-linear optical (NLO) behaviour of the examined molecule has been studied followed by the determination of the electric dipole moment μ, the polarisability α and hyperpolarisability β using HF/6-31G(d,p) method. Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions and charge delocalisation have been analysed using the natural bond orbital analysis. The results show that charge in electron density in the σ* and π* antibonding orbitals and second-order delocalisation energies (E2) confirms the occurrence of intramolecular charge transfer within the molecule. The assignments of the vibrational spectra have been carried out with the help of normal coordinate analysis following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology. The energy and oscillator strength calculated by time-dependent density functional theory complements with the experimental findings. The simulated spectra satisfactorily coincide with the experimental spectra.

Spectroscopic studies (FTIR, FT-Raman and UV–Visible), normal coordinate analysis, NBO analysis, first order hyper polarizability, HOMO and LUMO analysis of (1R)-N-(Prop-2-yn-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-amine molecule by ab initio HF and density functional methods

The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman of (1R)-N-(Prop-2-yn-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-amine (1RNPDA) were recorded in the regions 4000–400cm−1 and 4000–100cm−1 respectively. A complete assignment and analysis of the fundamental vibrational modes of the molecule were carried out. The observed fundamental modes have been compared with the harmonic vibrational frequencies computed using HF method by employing 6-31G(d,p) basis set and DFT(B3LYP) method by employing 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The vibrational studies were interpreted in terms of Potential Energy Distribution (PED). The complete vibrational frequency assignments were made by Normal Co-ordinate Analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology (SQMFF). The first order hyper polarizability (β0) of this molecular system and related properties (α, μ, and Δα) are calculated using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method based on the finite-field approach. The thermodynamic functions of the title compound were also performed at the above methods and basis set. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of 1RNPDA is reported. The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated using the GIAO method confirms with the experimental values. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper-conjugative interactions and charge delocalization has been analyzed using Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. UV–vis spectrum of the compound was recorded and electronic properties such as excitation energies, oscillator strength and wavelength were performed by TD-DFT/B3LYP using 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The HOMO and LUMO energy gap reveals that the energy gap reflects the chemical activity of the molecule. The observed and calculated wave numbers are formed to be in good agreement. The experimental spectra also coincide satisfactorily with those of theoretically constructed spectra.