Scale Systems Research Articles

A New Continuous Flow Microwave Radiation Process Design for Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU).

Non-isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) has been known to result from a thermal-ring-opening reaction between bis-cyclic carbonate (BCC) compounds and polyamines. BCC can be obtained from carbon dioxide capture using an epoxidized compound. Microwave radiation has been found to be an alternative process to conventional heating for synthesizing NIPU on a laboratory scale. The microwave radiation process is far more efficient (>1000 times faster) than using a conventional heating reactor. Now, a flow tube reactor has been designed for a continuous and recirculating microwave radiation system for scaling up NIPU. Furthermore, the TOE (Turn Over Energy) of the microwave for a lab batch (24.61 g) reactor was 24.38 kJ/g. This decreased to 8.89 kJ/g with an increase in reaction size of up to 300 times with this new continuous microwave radiation system. This proves that synthesizing NIPU with this newly-designed continuous and recirculating microwave radiation process is not only a reliable energy-saving method, but is also convenient for scale-up, making it a green process.

Validity and reliability of the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale for non-cancer patients.

This study assessed the validity and reliability of the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale for non-cancer patients. We recruited 223 non-cancer patients receiving palliative care and their healthcare providers (222) across two home care facilities and two hospitals for a cross-sectional study. We assessed the construct validity and known-group validity of the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale. The weighted kappa and interclass correlation coefficients were assessed to ascertain reliability. The scale scores were significantly higher for the 'non-stable' group (worsening condition group) measured in the palliative care phase than for the 'stable' group (P < 0.001). Regarding validity, Spearman's correlations between similar items on the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale and Edmonton Symptom Assessment System ranged from 0.61 to 0.94. Regarding reliability, the weighted kappa coefficients ranged from 0.53 to 0.81 for patients and from 0.58 to 0.90 for healthcare providers. For inter-rater reliability between patients and healthcare providers, the weighted kappa coefficients for each item ranged from 0.03 to 0.42. This study confirmed the validity and reliability of the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale for non-cancer patients requiring palliative care. However, the inter-rater reliability indicates poor agreement between the assessments of patients and healthcare providers. This highlights the discrepancies between both their assessments and the importance of the patient's assessment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 517-523.

Evolvement patterns of usage in a medium-sized bike-sharing system during the COVID-19 pandemic

The global outbreak of COVID-19 has fundamentally reshaped human mobility. Compared to other modes of transportation, how spatiotemporal patterns of urban bike-sharing have evolved since the outbreak is yet to be fully understood, especially for bike-sharing systems operating on a smaller scale. Taking Pittsburgh as a case study, we examined the changes in spatiotemporal dynamics of shared bike usage from 2019 to 2021. By distinguishing between weekday and weekend usage, we found different temporal patterns between trip volume and duration, and distinct spatial patterns of within- and between-region rides with respect to naturally separated regions. Overall, the results illustrate the resilience and the vital role of bike-sharing during the pandemic, consistent with previous observations on bike-sharing systems of a larger scale. Our study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of bike-sharing that calls for more research on smaller-scale systems under disruptive events such as the pandemic, which can greatly inform decision-makers from smaller sized cities and enable future studies to compare across different urban regions or modes of transportation.

Utility of the Parkland Grading Scale to determine intraoperative challenges during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a validation study on 206 patients at an academic medical center in Nepal

BackgroundMost of the scoring systems to predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy are based on pre-operative clinical and radiological findings. Recently the Parkland Grading Scale system was introduced as a simple intra-operative grading scale. This study aims to utilize the Parkland Grading Scale system to assess the intraoperative challenges during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.MethodThis was a prospective, cross-sectional study done at Chitwan Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal. All the patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy from April 2020 to March 2021. Based on the initial intra-operative finding, Parkland Grading Scale was noted and at the end of the surgery, the level of difficulty was given by the operating surgeon. All the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative findings were compared with the scale.ResultsOut of 206 patients, there were 176 (85.4%) females, and 30 (14.6%) males. The median age was 41 years (Range 19–75). The median body mass index was 23.67 kg/m2. There were 35(17%) patients with a history of previous surgery. The rate of conversion to open surgery was 5.8%. According to Parkland Grading Scale, 67(32.5%), 75(36.4%), 42(20.4%), 15(7.3%), and 7(3.4%) were graded as grade 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. There was a difference in the Parkland grading scale in patients with a history of acute cholecystitis, gallbladder wall thickness, pericholecystic collection, stone size, and body mass index (p < 0.05). The total operative time, level of difficulty in surgery, rate of help needed from colleagues or replacement as the main surgeon, bile spillage, drain placement, gallbladder decompression, and conversion rate all increased with an increase in scale (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the development of post-operative fever, and post-operative hospital stay as the scale increased (p < 0.05). The Tukey-Kramer test for all pair-wise comparisons revealed that each grade was significantly different from each other (p < 0.05) on the difficulty of surgery except for grade 4 from 5.ConclusionParkland Grading Scale system is a reliable intra-operative grading system to assess the difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and helps the surgeon to change the strategy of surgery. An increase in scale is associated with an increased difficulty level of the surgery.

Factors Affecting Business Performance: Expanding Theoretical Measurements

Purpose: The article aims to expand a scale system of factors that impacts on business performance. Theoretical framework: The paper based on the empirical data collected from various types of participants, including accountants (for information providing), managers (for decision-making), sales staff (for work), and lecturers (for research) in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach: By descriptive and comparative statistical analysis of SPSS 20 software with 124 valid observations, the survey has proposed the scale system of influencing factors (03 groups of external factors, 05 groups of internal factors) and business performance measures (10 financial and 11 non-financial indicators). Findings: This study points out the different evaluations according to the demographic features of survey subjects on the group of financial indicators. Specifically, the group of accountants (representing information providers) obtains a lower score than the group of information users. Likewise, the post-graduated participants show stricter assessments of financial indicators in comparison to the rest of the group. Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: These results suggest the scale system for measuring influencing factors toward business performance in enterprises for further research. Originality/value: The value of the study is providing an expansion of the factors affecting the efficiency of an enterprise and points out a commonly used set of financial performance measurement indicators. Research results provide useful references for research on related issues.

Wastewater Management Techniques: A Review

The wastewater treatment research is based on industrial processes and agriculturalwastewater treatment methods. Most of the river basins are closed to severe water storages, brought on by the simultaneous effects of agricultural growth, industrialization and urbanization. In these research the aerobic, anaerobic or the combination of methods used. Other than that an adsorption and coagulation have been applied to remove the pollution. The research on chemical industrial wastewater treatment was first studied on organic removal efficiency of a lab scale system using aerobic and anaerobic reactors. The aerobic waste water treatment as a reductive medium is receiving increased interest due to its low operation and maintenance costs and aerobic waste water treatment is easy to obtain. The primary goal of the wastewater treatment process is to eliminate various pollutants such as solids, organic carbon, nutrients, inorganic salts, metals, pathogens and so on effective wastewater treatment and disposal are critical for both environmental and public health reasons. The aim of wastewater treatment is to protect the environment and waste water management. The many research papers on wastewater pollution control studies, but very few research works is carried out for treatment of wastewater. The beneficial aspect of this paper is recycling, reuse of water. The industrial wastewater is divided into four categories: Chemical, Physical, Biological and mathematical approaches. In this main focused on the Biological methods viz. Aerobic and an aerobic.

Satellite imagery for high-throughput phenotyping in breeding plots.

Advances in breeding efforts to increase the rate of genetic gains and enhance crop resilience to climate change have been limited by the procedure and costs of phenotyping methods. The recent rapid development of sensors, image-processing technology, and data-analysis has provided opportunities for multiple scales phenotyping methods and systems, including satellite imagery. Among these platforms, satellite imagery may represent one of the ultimate approaches to remotely monitor trials and nurseries planted in multiple locations while standardizing protocols and reducing costs. However, the deployment of satellite-based phenotyping in breeding trials has largely been limited by low spatial resolution of satellite images. The advent of a new generation of high-resolution satellites may finally overcome these limitations. The SkySat constellation started offering multispectral images at a 0.5m resolution since 2020. In this communication we present a case study on the use of time series SkySat images to estimate NDVI from wheat and maize breeding plots encompassing different sizes and spacing. We evaluated the reliability of the calculated NDVI and tested its capacity to detect seasonal changes and genotypic differences. We discuss the advantages, limitations, and perspectives of this approach for high-throughput phenotyping in breeding programs.

Gas segregation in a pilot-scale ebullated bed system: Experimental investigation and model validation

Gas hold-up reduction inside hydroprocessors is critical to improving the efficiency of bitumen conversion. The use of internal gas/liquid segregation devices, such as recycle cups, has been the focus of much past research and development over the previous five decades. In this study, the effects of different recycle cup designs and working fluids were evaluated using a pilot-scale cold-flow ebullated bed reactor and compared to multiphase flow simulation predictions. Two recycle cup designs from the literature were fabricated using 3D printing technology and two working fluids were used: air-water and air-5 wt% ethanol aqueous solutions. The addition of ethanol helped create high gas hold-up and foaming conditions frequently observed in commercial hydroprocessors. It was observed that in foaming systems, the performance of the recycle cups deteriorated. Additionally, increasing the liquid flow rate, either through the inlet or increased recycle, resulted in diminished gas/liquid segregation efficiency. The accuracy of simulations using the two-fluid model was evaluated to predict gas hold-up in the pilot scale system as well as inside the recycle line. In the homogeneous flow regime, given the proper bubble size, the simulations predicted the gas hold-up in the column with less than 5% error. However, unlike the experimental observations, simulations did not predict any gas entrained in the recycle line, which is attributed to variation in the average bubble size and limitations of the existing momentum exchange closures.

Sound waves for solving the problem of recrystallization in cryopreservation

Organ biobanking is the pending subject of cryopreservation. Although the problem is multifaceted, advances in recent decades have largely related it to achieving rapid and uniform rewarming of cryopreserved samples. This is a physical challenge largely investigated in past in addition to cryoprotectant toxicity studies, which have also shown a great amount of advancement. This paper presents a proof-of-principle, based on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, of a technology capable of performing such a function: high intensity focused ultrasound. Thus, avoiding the problem of recrystallization, this worm, in its adult state, preserved at − 80;^circ{rm C}, has been systematically brought back to life after being heated with High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) waves. The great advantage of this technology is that it is scalable; in addition, rewarming can be monitored in real time by MRI thermography and can be controlled by acoustic interferometry. We anticipate that our findings are the starting point for a possible approach to rewarming that can be used for cryopreservation of millimeter scale systems: either alone or in combination with other promising ways of heating, like nanowarming or dielectric heating, the present technology provides new ways of solving the physical aspects of the problem of recrystallization in cryopreservation, opening the door for the long-term storage of larger samples.

Ultra-Processed Food Intake Is Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with overweight/obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to chronic caloric excess and physical inactivity. Previous meta-analyses have confirmed associations between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and obesity and T2D. We aim to ascertain the contribution of UPF consumption to the risk of developing NAFLD. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO (CRD42022368763)). All records registered on Ovid Medline and Web of Science were searched from inception until December 2022. Studies that assessed UPF consumption in adults, determined according to the NOVA food classification system, and that reported NAFLD determined by surrogate (steatosis) scores, imaging or liver biopsy were included. The association between UPF consumption and NAFLD was assessed using random-effects meta-analysis methods. Study quality was assessed, and evidence credibility evaluated, using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and NutriGrade systems, respectively. A total of 5454 records were screened, and 112 records underwent full text review. From these, 9 studies (3 cross-sectional, 3 case-control and 3 cohort), analysing 60,961 individuals, were included in the current review. Both moderate (vs. low) (pooled relative risk 1.03 (1.00-1.07) (p = 0.04) (I2 = 0%)) and high (vs. low) (1.42 (1.16-1.75) (<0.01) (I2 = 89%)) intake of UPF significantly increased the risk of NAFLD. Funnel plots demonstrate low risk of publication bias. Consumption of UPF is associated with NAFLD with a dose-response effect. Public health measures to reduce overconsumption of UPF are imperative to reduce the burden of NAFLD, and the related conditions, obesity and T2D.

Experimental studies on novel multi tubular reactor with shell having integrated buffer storage

This study concentrates on experimental analysis of a large scale metal hydride based hydrogen storage reactor having 50 kg LaNi5. In order to cater the heat transfer limitations of hydrogen storage in large scale systems, the present design have been developed as multi tubular reactor with shell having integrated buffer storage configuration with 7 tubes supported by means of 4 baffles having total 50 kg LaNi5 distributed equally among them and water as heat transfer fluid flows across the shell for heat transfer. The experimental study was performed for studying the absorption and desorption performance of the present hydrogen reactor wherein in case of absorption the parameters varied were HTF flow rate at 30 °C and supply pressure of hydrogen and in case of desorption which was carried out at atmospheric pressure, HTF flow rate and HTF temperature were varied. The metal hydride reactor reversibly stores 680 g of hydrogen amounting to 1.34 wt% of gravimetric capacity of metal hydride and equivalent energy storage of 10.4 MJ. In case of absorption, when the flow rate selected was 20 LPM the absorption time for 90 % reaction completion was observed to be 1286 s (21.4 min) at 30 bar H2 supply pressure. In case of desorption studies, it was observed that the varying flow rate from 15 to 25 LPM has negligible effect on hydrogen desorption hence 15 LPM was selected as flow rate for further desorption experiments. Further increasing HTF temperature from 60 °C to 80 °C improves the performance significantly.

Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser for residual infantile hemangioma after propranolol treatment

Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are common benign tumors of infancy. Most IH involute, either spontaneously, or secondary to pharmacological treatment with systemic propranolol. Propranolol treatment mostly leads to regression of hemangiomas with satisfactory aesthetic results, but unfortunately not in all cases. To assess the safety and efficacy of long pulsed Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser in treating patients with residual infantile hemangioma after systemic propranolol treatment. This is an open-label prospective cohort study. 30 patients with focal residual IH that had sub-optimal responses to systemic propranolol treatment were enrolled in the study. The patients were treated with 1 to 3 sessions with long pulsed Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser. The maximal response of the IH was assessed using a 4-point scale evaluation scale system. Of the 30 patients enrolled, 18 patients exhibited a great response (> 76% improvement), 10 patients had a good response (> 51–75% improvement), while only 2 patients showed a moderate response (< 50% improvement) to the treatment. No patients had an unsatisfactory response. No serious side effects were observed, and only minor side effects were reported. The treatment with long pulsed Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser for residual IH, which were resistant to systemic propranolol treatment, is safe and effective. Thus, we suggest its use as a second-line treatment for patients with sub-optimal aesthetic results following systemic propranolol.

An analogous scale model for laboratory mixing studies

This technical note illustrates application of a model gypsum scale system purposely developed to investigate the effect of flow condition on scale growth in mixing tanks. Photos of non-uniform scale growth distribution in laboratory mixing tanks are presented. The laboratory results are found to match qualitatively to that observed in the full-scale plant. Due to its low cost and simplicity in application, this method can be applied in mixing pilot testing so that scale mitigation can be included in the agitator and tank design optimisation.

Neural mechanisms of acupuncture for peripheral facial nerve palsy: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis.

Peripheral facial nerve palsy (PFNP) is a cranial neuropathy that occurs when the seventh facial nerve is damaged. PFNP seriously affects patients' quality of life, and approximately 30% of patients suffer from sequelae, such as unrecovered palsy, synkinesis, facial muscle contracture, and facial spasm. Many studies have confirmed the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of PFNP. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear and needs to be further explored. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying acupuncture treatment for PFNP using neuroimaging methods. We will search all published studies from inception to March 2023 using the following databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, KMBASE, KISS, ScienceON, and OASIS. All clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of acupuncture for treating PFNP using functional neuroimaging will be selected without language restrictions. Two reviewers will independently conduct the study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment, according to a predetermined protocol. The outcomes, including the types of functional neuroimaging techniques, brain function alterations, and clinical outcomes, such as the House-Brackmann scale and Sunnybrook Facial Grading System, will also be analyzed. Coordinate-based meta-analysis and subgroup analyses will be performed if possible. This study will analyze the effect of acupuncture on brain activity alterations and clinical improvement in patients with PFNP using functional neuroimaging. This study will provide a comprehensive summary and help elucidate the neural mechanisms of acupuncture treatment for PFNP. CRD42022321827.

The Role of Emping Melinjo Home Industry in Increasing Family Income in Warung Gunung District, Lebak Regency

Industry home is activity the same effort bigsr culprit is girl . Home industry development specifically chips melinjo , besides supported with resource environment , is also affected by structure existing culture , hence _ activity This done generally only fill in time spare and work part time . research purposes This one of them dalah to find out the contribution of the home industry to family income. Type study This use qualitative approach with the type of field research (field research). Collected data in the form of primary data and secondary data obtained through observation , interview as well as recording and documentation. Data analysis used a qualitative descriptive technique. Objective study are as follows: (1) the characteristics of the emping melinjo home industry in Warung Gunung District ; (2) knowing the contribution of the emping melinjo home industry to family income . The results showed that the emping melinjo home industry in Warung Gunung District , Lebak Regency was average are of age Adults (36-50 years ) with level moderate education (equivalent to elementary school graduation), and length of business relatively low ie not enough from 7 years . The level of family income of home industry actors is generally in the range between Rp. 1,000,000 -Rp 1,500,000. The income contribution of emping melinjo craftsmen is in the range of Rp. 1,600,000-Rp. 2,000,000 in the high category. Height level generated income _ influenced by several factors including is business scale, capital outlay and product marketing system . Activity marketing done _ craftsman during This Still dominated by roles family, however so is the home industry empyg melinjo is very giving contribution to level income family .

A Comparison of The Modified Sad Persons Scale with Psychiatric Recommendations for Deciding On Hospitalization In Patients Admitted To Ed Due To Suicide

Objective: There are scales to decide hospitalization or follow up in patients presenting to the emergency department after suicide attempt. Modified SAD PERSONS scale (MSPS) is the scaling system for adult suicide generated using the initials of 10 major demographic risk factor in the literature. The aim of our study is to investigate the reliability of the MSPS patients who are evaluated in the emergency department after suicide attempt for deciding admission or discharging of patients in our population. Material-Method: Patients admitted to our emergency department with suicide attempts was evaluated by MSPS. All patients were evaluated by MSPS also consulted to a psychiatrist concurrently. MSPS suggestions are compared with psychiatry decisions. All data were inputted into SPSS analyzed statistically. Results: There were 205 patients totaly and 147of them were female. Psychiatrics decide hospitalization for 95% of patients MSPS score higher than 8. 131 patients MSPS score less than 6 are evaluated by psyhiatrics and 5 (3.8%) of them were decided for hospitalization. MSPS has sensitivity 90%, specificity 84%, positive predictive value 67%, negative predictive value 96% for deciding hospitalization when compared with psychiatric evaluation. Conclusion: Giving the decision of discharging or hospitalization of patients presenting in the emergency department after suicide attempt is a serious dilemmas for doctors working in the emergency department. There is a need for objective evaluation of such patients of in the emergency department. Although MSPS does not meet all of the requirements but can be used in the emergency department.

TRIPLE MULTIPLICATIVE THERMORESONANCES ON THE SPECTRA OF EXCHANGE INERTIAL RADIATION GENERATED IN NON-EQUILIBRIUM MEDIA WITH CONTACT GAPS IN ENGINEERING, COSMIC, PSEUDO-ELEMENTARY AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN COMPLEX SPACE WITH TRIPLET VIOLATION OF ANTISYMMETRY

Calculated ratios that quantitatively describe the properties of resonance triplets of inertial radiation generated in non-equilibrium systems of various scales and levels of organization are given. The multiplicative nature of the energy of resonant components is revealed, which is significantly different from the additive principles of the formation of known triplet structures. The mechanism of triplet violation of the antisymmetry of the complex space is established, which ensures the avoidance of annihilation of the energy created according to the principle of Creatio ex nihilo in the topological contact gaps between the real and imaginary half-spaces. There is a marked dilution of the dominant energy cascades – direct in the imaginary and inverted in the real half-space. The analysis of resonant triads on nuclear and collider spectra was carried out, the components of these spectra were explained and quantitatively calculated. The muon structure of hadrons was confirmed and the parameters of this structure were calculated, as well as the parameters of the collider proton-muon plasma, alternative to the known models of the quark-gluon plasma. The calculation of the spectra of cosmic rays of low, medium, high and ultra-high energies was made, which quantitatively corresponds to natural data. Triple resonances in the spectra of the Sun’s radiation and the spectra of solar and geomagnetic activity were detected and quantified. It is shown that the solar spectrum is significantly different from the blackbody spectrum, and the main periods of the Sun’s activity are determined by resonant triads on the scale of the heliosphere. Calculated parameters of the cold outer photosphere at the periphery of the Solar System, the background microwave radiation of which is usually erroneously attributed to the account of a “relic” from the so-called Big bang. The analysis of resonant triplets on the spectra of acoustic disturbances in technical systems was carried out. Synchronization of gravitational and electromagnetic modes is noted, which leads to dangerous buffeting modes. The relationship between geodynamic, climatic and biological processes on the planet and the activity of cavitation topological gaps on the periphery of the Solar System has been established. The mechanism of contact capillary thermostabilization of the human body was revealed and the multiplicative triplet coronavirus destruction of this mechanism was noted.

Atmospheric CW S-Lidars with Si/InGaAs Arrays: Potentialities in Real Environment

The article proposes a methodology for analyzing the performance of S-lidars (S comes from Scheimpflug) as a new class of environmental remote sensors operating under conditions of wide variability of optical weather and sky background brightness. The novelty of the problem statement, the methods used and the results obtained are determined by their application to laser sensing systems with unconventional design principles and the consequent need to revise the traditional ways of assessing their potential capabilities. The research method is based on a dimensionless-parametric approach, which allows comparing phenomena and systems of different scales and combining complementary characteristics and parameters. Effects of the dimensionless optical weather factor on lidar potential are shown being investigated under various environmental conditions, from the clear atmosphere through haze and mist to fog when probing in Vis/SWIR spectral bands and using Si/InGaAs detector arrays. It is shown exactly how and to what extent the significant differences in their spectral sensitivity and internal noise parameters are susceptible to the wide spectral and energy variability of the sky background brightness observed at very different angles to the Sun. A detailed analysis of the two most important influencing factors within the system, “S-Lidar instrument + Optical weather + External background source”, taking into account their wide variability, allowed us to describe their joint nonlinear influence and, thus, to anticipate the imposed limitations. The proposed dimensionless-parametric concept for predicting the potential capabilities of S-lidars with Si/InGaAs arrays is aimed at expanding applications of this rapidly developing class of remote sensors in a wide variety of environments.

Mid-term follow-up evaluation of a new arthroscopic Broström procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability

BackgroundChronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) usually progresses from a previous lateral ankle sprain that was not treated properly. Several procedures have been introduced to address these patients, including open or arthroscopic techniques, the most common of which is the Broström procedure. Here, we describe a new outside-in arthroscopic Broström procedure and its results for treating patients with CLAI.MethodsThirty-nine patients (16 male and 23 female; mean age, 35 years [range, 16–60 years]) with CLAI were treated arthroscopically after failing non-operative management. All patients were symptomatic with a combination of recurrent ankle sprains, “giving way,” and avoidance of sports and presented with a positive anterior drawer test upon the physical examination. All patients underwent arthroscopic lateral ligament reconstruction using the new technique. Patient characteristics and pre- and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale system (AOFAS), and Karlsson scores were recorded.ResultsThe mean AOFAS score increased from 48 (mean 48, range 33–72) preoperatively to 91 (mean 91, range 75–98) at the final follow-up, Karlsson–Peterson and FAAM scores were also significantly improved. Two patients (5.13%) reported superficial peroneal nerve irritation symptoms postoperatively. Three patients (7.69%) complained of mild pain anteroinferior to the lateral ankle.ConclusionsThe arthroscopic outside-in Broström procedure with a single suture anchor was a safe, effective, and reproducible technique for CLAI. Ankle stability resumed with a high clinical success rate. The main complication was injury to the superficial peroneal nerve, which crossed the area of repair.

Acute effect of low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction on oxidative stress biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The purpose of this review was to analyze the acute effects of low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (LLE-BFR) on oxidative stress markers in healthy individuals in comparison with LLE or high-load resistance exercise (HLRE) without BFR. A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. These searches were performed in CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL and Virtual Health Library- VHL, which includes Lilacs, Medline and SciELO. The risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed through the PEDro scale and GRADE system, respectively. Thirteen randomized clinical trials were included in this review (total n = 158 subjects). Results showed lower post-exercise damage to lipids (SMD = -0.95 CI 95%: -1.49 to -0. 40, I2 = 0%, p = 0.0007), proteins (SMD = -1.39 CI 95%: -2.11 to -0.68, I2 = 51%, p = 0.0001) and redox imbalance (SMD = -0.96 CI 95%: -1.65 to -0.28, I2 = 0%, p = 0.006) in favor of LLRE-BFR compared to HLRE. HLRE presents higher post-exercise superoxide dismutase activity but in the other biomarkers and time points, no significant differences between conditions were observed. For LLRE-BFR and LLRE, we found no difference between the comparisons performed at any time point. Based on the available evidence from randomized trials, providing very low or low certainty of evidence, this review demonstrates that LLRE-BFR promotes less oxidative stress when compared to HLRE but no difference in levels of oxidative damage biomarkers and endogenous antioxidants between LLRE. Register number: PROSPERO number: CRD42020183204.