Beliefs Scale Research Articles

Faculty Readiness and Learning Needs for Incorporating Virtual Healthcare into the Curriculum

Objective: Virtual healthcare technologies are becoming increasingly acceptable and available to patients and providers to deliver care. Although common in practice settings, many nursing schools have not integrated virtual care concepts into the curriculum. One reason may be because faculty are not prepared to teach these concepts. The purpose of this study was to assess the virtual healthcare learning needs of faculty. Methods: An exploratory, descriptive study design was used to evaluate faculty receptiveness and readiness to teach virtual nursing care concepts. Thirty-seven full time faculty members were asked to complete an anonymous survey consisting of demographic, open-ended, and Likert scale items based on the technology acceptance model, the Virtual Clinical Practicum Attitude Survey, and the Evidence-Based Practice Beliefs scale. Quantitative data was evaluated using descriptive statistics and qualitative data with a thematic analysis process. Results: Twenty-two faculties completed a survey regarding their beliefs about virtual healthcare technologies. Most respondents believe that virtual care improves access for patients and that students should have training in these technologies. However, few had used virtual technology in their own clinical practices and wanted further education about them. Faculty was receptive to integrating virtual care into the curriculum and reported their learning needs could be met through didactic content and simulation activities with faculty as learners. Conclusion: An opportunity exists to prepare faculty to teach virtual healthcare concepts. Addressing faculty learning needs could aid in the successful integration of virtual healthcare concepts into the curriculum, thus, better preparing students to deliver virtual care to their future patients.

How Much Should We Trust Others? The Relationship Between Trust Beliefs in Others and Psychosocial Adjustment

Introduction: This study compared the Trust Promotes Adjustment (TPA) approach with the Centralist Approach to Trust (CAT) regarding the relationship between trust beliefs in others and psychosocial adjustment. The TPA predicted linear, whereas the CAT predicted quadratic, relationships between the two. The predictions were tested by analyses for the curvilinearity of data gathered by Teunisse et al. (2020). Method: Six hundred and fifty-one adults (M age = 24.9 years, SD = 10.4 years) completed standardized scales of trust beliefs in others, agreeableness, and social intelligence. Results: In support of TPA, trust beliefs in others were linearly associated with social awareness. In support of CAT, quadratic relations were found between trust beliefs in others and both agreeableness and social skills. Individuals with very low or very high trust beliefs showed lower agreeableness and social skills than those with the midrange of trust beliefs or the linear relationship between the variables. Individuals showed optimal psychosocial adjustment when trust beliefs were between 1.5 standard deviations above and below the mean. Discussion: These findings challenge the traditional TPA, which asserts that increasing trust in others corresponds to increasing psychosocial adjustment. The findings support the CAT hypothesis that too little or too much trust in others is associated with psychosocial maladjustment with implications for psychopathology.

KNOLWEDGE AND BELIEF TOWARDS OSTEOPOROSIS AMONG FEMALE NURSING STUDENTS OF SELECTED NURSING COLLEGE, MANGALORE

Osteoporosis continues to be underrecognized condition that can be avoided by adopting a healthy lifestyle at younger age. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted to assess knowledge and belief towards osteoporosis among 142 nursing college students. The data collection instrument used were by OKAT (Osteoporosis Knowledge assessment tool) for knowledge assessment and belief by OHBS (Osteoporosis Health belief scale) and subjects were selected by convenient sampling. The study results found that mean age of students were 19.95± 1.2 years, a small proportion of students 3% & 14.7% of subjects had family history of osteoporosis and personal fracture. 44.36% & 54.92% of subjects were not sure whether they are getting adequate sun exposure or intake of calcium rich foods. 46.47% of students reported they have never consumed calcium supplements. 11.97% had good knowledge, majority 69.01% had satisfactory knowledge and 19.01% had poor knowledge regrading osteoporosis. Belief towards osteoporosis overall mean score obtained by the students were 157.4 ± 13.78, the result revealed that there is no much difference among subdomain scores of beliefs regarding osteoporosis. The study nding points that students are aware about the condition but needs to incorporate healthy lifestyle at younger age that will enable to have optimal life in later years.

Abstract WMP14: Status And Influencing Factors Of Rehabilitation Exercise Compliance In Young And Middle-aged Patients With Hemorrhagic Stroke Based On The Hapa Model: A Multi-center Cross-sectional Survey

Background and Purpose: Exercise rehabilitation is the preferred rehabilitation therapy for stroke patients, but exercise compliance of patients is generally low. The study aimed to investigate and analyze the status and influencing factors of rehabilitation exercise compliance in young and middle-aged patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: Convenience sampling method was adopted to select 397 young and middle-aged hemorrhagic stroke patients from three hospitals in central, eastern and northern China from July 2021 to January 2022 in accordance with the geographical classification standards of the National Bureau of Statistics and multi-center research cooperation. According to the Health Action Process Approach(HAPA), the general data survey scale, stroke functional exercise compliance Scale, exercise self-efficacy scale, exercise plan scale, stroke health belief scale and self-care ability scale were used for cross-sectional investigation. Results: The total score of exercise compliance in young and middle-aged stroke patients was (43.46±9.58), and the average compliance rate was 77.60%, which was in the middle level. Multivariate regression analysis showed that total score of exercise self-efficacy, total score of exercise program, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived obstacle, health motivation and self-efficacy were the influencing factors of exercise compliance in young and middle-aged stroke patients ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the HAPA model, clinical medical staff should accurately evaluate the rehabilitation exercise stage of patients, and formulate and implement stroke rehabilitation exercise strategies according to the actual situation of patients and various possible influencing factors, so as to improve the exercise compliance of patients, improve their functional status, and further improve their quality of life.

Abstract WMP15: Health Belief And Exercise Adherence Of Young And Middle-aged Stroke Patients: A Moderated Mediation Model Of Planning And Exercise Self-efficacy

Background: Health belief and exercise self-efficacy are meaningful protective factors that help individuals maintain health. However, few studies have explored their impact on planning and exercise adherence. Purpose: To explore the mediating role of planning in the impact of health beliefs on exercise compliance in young and middle-aged stroke patients, and the regulatory role of exercise self-efficacy in this mediating model. Method: Convenience sampling method was used to select 369 young and middle-aged patients with hemorrhagic stroke from 3 Grade A hospitals in China from July 2021 to May 2022. General data questionnaire, stroke health belief Scale, exercise self-efficacy scale, exercise plan scale and functional exercise compliance scale were used to investigate. Results: Health belief was positively correlated with exercise self-efficacy, planning and exercise compliance ( r =0.136, 0.531, 0.529, all P <0.01). The indirect effect of health belief on exercise compliance in young and middle-aged stroke patients was 0.206 (95% CI : 0.158-0.259), and the direct effect was 0.167 (95% CI : 0.106-0.229), indicating that planning played an intermediary role between health belief and exercise compliance, accounting for 55.23%. Using the PROCESS macro (model 8) test, it was found that sports self-efficacy had a regulating effect, and had a significant interaction between planning and sports compliance( β =0.009, 95% CI : 0.001-0.018; β =0.008, 95% CI : 0.001-0.014). Conclusion: Health beliefs and plans can improve the exercise compliance of young and middle-aged stroke patients, and this benefit is related to exercise self-efficacy. We should enhance the health beliefs of patients, improve their exercise self-efficacy, encourage them to make exercise plans, and then improve their exercise compliance.

EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS AND SELF-EFFICIENCY OF PROSPECTIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS TEACHERS

Bu araştırma, beden eğitimi ve spor bölümü öğretmen adaylarının öğrenmeye ilişkin epistemolojik inançları ile öz-yeterlik algıları arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada katılımcı grup basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Bu grup Türkiye’de farklı coğrafi bölgelerde yer alan yedi farklı üniversiteden 1135 beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmeni adayından oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların görüşlerini belirlemek için “Öğrenmeye yönelik epistemolojik inanç” ve “Öğretmen öz-yeterlik” ölçekleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada SPSS 22.0 paket programı kullanılarak ölçek formlarından elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının öğrenmeye yönelik epistemolojik inanç ölçeğinde cinsiyet ve sınıf değişkenlerinde anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmen öz-yeterlik ölçeğinde ise sınıf değişkeninde anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiş, ancak cinsiyet değişkeninde anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. Öğretmeni adaylarının öğrenmeye yönelik epistemolojik inançları ile öğretmen öz-yeterlik inançlarının ortamala bir puan düzeyinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda aralarındaki ilişkinin pozitif yönde ve zayıf düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik mesleği genel yeterliklerine sahip olmaları için öğretim programlarında öğretmen adaylarının yaparak yaşayarak öğrenmelerine daha çok yer verilecek değişiklikler yapılmalıdır. Öğretim programlarına öğretmen adaylarının bilimsel düşünme becerilerini geliştirecek etkinliklerin eklenmesi sağlanmalıdır.

Longitudinal assessment of the temporal stability and predictive validity of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale.

The Revised Paranormal Belief Scale (RPBS) is the prevailing measure of supernatural credence. However, there exists only limited evidence to support the temporal stability and predictive validity of the instrument over time. Acknowledging this, the present study assessed the test-retest reliability of the RPBS using a large, heterogeneous sample across multiple trials. In addition, predictive validity was tested using a longitudinal statistical model, which focused on allied health outcomes (Perceived Stress and Somatic Complaints). A sample of 1,665 (M age = 54.40, 853 females, 804 males, five non-binary and three not disclosing of gender) completed study measures at three time points separated by 2 month intervals. Prior to assessing temporal stability, assessment of structural validity and longitudinal invariance occurred. Test-retest reliability of the RPBS was in the moderate to high range across time intervals, and good internal consistency was observed. Furthermore, satisfactory stability coefficients existed for RPBS subfactors. Data-model fit for the predictive model was acceptable. Belief in the paranormal explained low variance over time in Perceived Stress and Somatic Complaints (between 2.4 and 4.2%). Findings supported the stability and reliability of the RPBS. In addition, they aligned with the notion that paranormal belief in the absence of high scores on cognitive-perceptual factors (e.g. transliminality and schizotypy), has a benign influence on perceived health.

OKUL ÖNCESI ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MATEMATİKSEL GELİŞİM İNANÇLARI VE MATEMATİK ÖĞRETME KAYGI DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKI İLİŞKİ

This correlational study aims to determine the mathematics teaching anxiety levels and mathematical development beliefs of prospective preschool teachers, and to find out the relationship between these two concepts. Data were collected through the usage of 'Mathematics Teaching Anxiety Scale for Classroom Teachers' and 'Mathematical Development Belief Scale' from 200 prospective preschool teachers. The results show that prospective teachers’ mathematics teaching anxiety and mathematical development beliefs were found to be moderate level. It is seen that there was no significant relationship between the overall mathematical development beliefs and the mathematics teaching anxiety scales of the prospective preschool teachers. However, there were significant correlations between the sub-scale. Considering the relationships based on the sub-scale, it is possible to conclude that the high mathematical development beliefs of prospective preschool teachers may make them more anxious about mathematics teaching. This can lead to the interpretation that increased beliefs of students about mathematics escalate their anxiety about 'achieving better'. Based on the results obtained in the current study, it can be recommend that content and applications that will increase the knowledge and experience of prospective teachers regarding their field knowledge of mathematics can be developed to move the levels of their mathematical development beliefs to a high position and also to prevent these high levels from having a very high effect on their anxiety levels.

The Relation Between Web 2.0 Rapid Content Development Self-Efficiency and Professional Burnout of Special Education Teachers

This research was carried out specifically to address the question of the relation between Web 2.0 rapid content development self-efficacy belief (W2RCDSB) level and professional burnout level of special education teachers. 90 special education teachers participated in the research. "Web 2.0 Rapid Content Development Self-Efficacy Belief Scale" and "Maslach Burnout Inventory" were used to obtain the data. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyzes were used in the interpretation of this research, which was designed in the correlational model. The results of the research show that special education teachers have a moderate level of W2RCDSB and they feel professional burnout at a normal level. However, the characteristics of teachers such as gender, age, graduated program and professional seniority do not make a significant difference on the dependent variables. Also it is realized that level of professional burnout decreases as the W2RCDSB level of teachers increases.

Validation of the Chinese Versions of the Carolina Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs Scale and HPV and Vaccination Knowledge Scales

Background: It is vital to address parents’ human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs to reduce vaccine hesitancy and increase adolescent HPV vaccination rates. Objective: To validate the Chinese versions of the Carolina HPV Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (CHIAS), HPV Knowledge scale (GK23), and Vaccination Knowledge Scale (VK9) and to investigate parents’ current perspectives on HPV vaccination. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 195 Chinese parents. The CHIAS, GK23, and VK9 were translated into Chinese and content validity was established. The structural validity of the CHIAS was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency of the scales was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha (α) for the CHIAS-C and by Kuder-Richardson 20 for the GK23 and VK9. Results: Internal consistency of all 3 scales was acceptable, with Cronbach’s α for the 4 domains of the CHIAS-C ranging from 0.68 to 0.85, and Kuder-Richardson 20 score of 0.88 and 0.75 for the GK23 and VK9, respectively. The 4-factor structure of the CHIAS-C was found to be a good fit to the data and its structural validity was established. Conclusions: The Chinese versions of the CHIAS, GK23, and VK9 are valid and reliable instruments to evaluate attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccination among Chinese-speaking parents. Implications for Practice: These instruments may facilitate investigation of parents’ views toward HPV vaccination and inform the design of targeted interventions to address vaccine hesitancy. What Is Foundational: Parents’ knowledge and attitudes are determining factors in vaccination decision-making and should be considered in HPV vaccine promotion efforts.

Fatalistic Beliefs, Cultural Beliefs and Socio-Instrumental Control Beliefs: What are the Links? Can We Speak of an Active Fatalism?

Taking into account beliefs and culture is essential in behaviour analysis in various areas of life and work. However, knowledge about the links between these beliefs is sparse and imprecise. This article analyses the links between fatalistic, cultural and socio-instrumental control beliefs, by a questionnaire on a sample of 515 Cameroonian partcipants including male (N = 290) and female (N = 225), workers from the public (N = 208), formal private (N = 265) and informal (N = 40) sectors. The questionnaire consisted of the fatalism scale designed by Kouabenan (1998), the Cameroonian cultural beliefs scale by Ngueutsa et al. (2021), and the socio-instrumental control beliefs scale derived from Spector (2004). Regression analyses showed that cultural beliefs partially mediated the link between fatalistic and socio-instrumental control beliefs. The results call into question the conceptualization of fatalistic beliefs, often seen as inducers of passivity. They suggest that cultural beliefs and practices may activate a 'non-inhibiting' form of fatalism that would justify the use of cultural entities to exercise indirect control over events. The concept of active fatalism is discussed.

Coping with COVID-19: Measuring self-efficacy, collective efficacy and proxy efficacy beliefs

Investigating efficacy beliefs for coping with COVID-19 can be helpful when proposing interventions that contribute to mitigate the disease. Six scales of efficacy beliefs for coping with COVID-19 were built: self-efficacy; family and community collective efficacy; and proxy efficacy to the municipal, state and federal governments. To obtain evidence of validity based on the internal structure and reliability estimates of these measures, 518 participants completed an online form. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that all scales had a unidimensional structure. Cronbach's alphas ranged from .819 to .968. Although positive correlations predominated between the scores of the six scales, the magnitudes were, in general, weak or moderate, showing that they were distinct constructs. These scores differed from each other, with levels of efficacy decreasing as individual control over the actions necessary to mitigate COVID-19 decreased. Thus, the six scales initially presented satisfactory psychometric properties. Study-related limitations, implications and recommendations are also presented.

Relationship of Marianismo Beliefs With the Self-Care Behaviors of Mexican Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Mexican women have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and less compliance with T2DM self-care compared with Mexican men. The term marianismo refers to gender and religiocultural based beliefs that may be a barrier to self-care behaviors among Mexican women. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between marianismo beliefs and self-care behaviors in Mexican women with T2DM. This was a cross-sectional study among women with T2DM who attended primary care centers in Oaxaca, Mexico during 2019. The Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities and the Marianismo Beliefs Scale were used to measure diabetes self-care and marianismo beliefs, respectively. Among the 547 participants, those with higher marianismo beliefs reported significantly lower scores in diabetes self-care, (r = -.128), exercise (r = -.150), self-monitoring of blood glucose (r = -.119), foot care (r = -.093), and oral hygiene (r = -.114; all p < .01). Findings suggest that Mexican women with strong marianismo beliefs are less likely to comply with T2DM self-care behaviors. Marianismo beliefs should be considered a potential risk factor for women's health, since Mexican women may value the social recognition of maintaining these beliefs more than self-care.

Development and validation of a teacher awareness questionnaire about dyslexia

Background: Dyslexia is a learning disability that affects children of school-going age and exists in all cultures and backgrounds. Dyslexic children are deficient in phonological awareness, which makes the children to fail to attain the skills of reading, writing and spelling commensurate with their intellectual abilities. Inadequate knowledge about the nature of dyslexia by primary school teachers results in poor categorisation of at-risk children.Aim: This study sought to achieve two objectives. The first was to develop and validate the Teachers Awareness Questionnaire (TAQ), while the second goal was to use the validated TAQ to assess primary school teachers’ level of awareness about dyslexia.Setting: Primary school teachers in Nsukka and nearby rural communities filled the TAQ and the Scale of Knowledge and belief about Developmental Dyslexia. Nsukka is called the university town and it is a slow-paced environment that is devoid of the usual hustle and bustle of most major towns in Nigeria.Methods: The cross-sectional design was employed to gather data for the measurement process. Data were analysed using bivariate correlations and descriptive statistics.Results: The TAQ has good internal consistency (r = 0.77) and an adequate convergent validity (r = 0.74, p 0.01). Results also reveal that primary school teachers possessed low level of awareness about dyslexia.Conclusion: The study findings show that primary school teachers in Nigeria lack the requisite knowledge about dyslexia. The study suggests psycho-education for primary school teachers to empower them with information about the condition.Contribution: This study measured primary school teachers’ level of awareness about dyslexia. The results showed that primary school teachers’ awareness about dyslexia is poor, and this suggests that the use of labels (e.g., dullard) by some primary school teachers to describe their pupils may be incorrect. The study recommend to School Management Boards to take action to improve the teachers level of awareness about dyslexia, which would promote early identification of dyslexic pupils and possible intervention.

The Relationship between the English Self-Efficacy Perception and English Knowledge Level of Dentistry Students

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the English self-efficacy beliefs and English knowledge levels of dentistry faculty students. &#x0D; &#x0D; Material and Method: The research was carried out with students studying at Atatürk University Faculty of Dentistry. In order to collect data in the study, an information form questioning the demographic information of individuals, their attendance at English preparatory class and their parents’ knowledge of English was given. The “English Self-Efficacy Belief Scale” was used to determine the students’ perceptions of English self-efficacy. In order to determine the level of English knowledge of the students, a test prepared using the questions asked in the YÖK-DİL exam held in March 2020 by ÖSYM was provided. The average number of true and false answers in 23 questions directed to individuals was calculated. IBM SPSS 25.0 program was preferred for statistical analysis. The level of significance was accepted as p

Understanding the Challenges of HPV-Based Cervical Screening: Development and Validation of HPV Testing and Self-Sampling Attitudes and Beliefs Scales.

The disrupted introduction of the HPV-based cervical screening program in several jurisdictions has demonstrated that the attitudes and beliefs of screening-eligible persons are critically implicated in the success of program implementation (including the use of self-sampling). As no up-to-date and validated measures exist measuring attitudes and beliefs towards HPV testing and self-sampling, this study aimed to develop and validate two scales measuring these factors. In October-November 2021, cervical screening-eligible Canadians participated in a web-based survey. In total, 44 items related to HPV testing and 13 items related to HPV self-sampling attitudes and beliefs were included in the survey. For both scales, the optimal number of factors was identified using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and parallel analysis. Item Response Theory (IRT) was applied within each factor to select items. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to assess model fit. After data cleaning, 1027 responses were analyzed. The HPV Testing Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (HTABS) had four factors, and twenty-two items were retained after item reduction. The HPV Self-sampling Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (HSABS) had two factors and seven items were retained. CFA showed a good model fit for both final scales. The developed scales will be a valuable resource to examine attitudes and beliefs in anticipation of, and to evaluate, HPV test-based cervical screening.

외상신념과 이차적 외상 스트레스의 관계에서 침투적 반추의 매개효과

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between traumatic beliefs, invasive rumination, and secondary traumatic stress in adults who experienced indirect trauma, and to verify the mediating effect of invasive rumination in the relationship between traumatic beliefs and secondary traumatic stress.&#x0D; Methods In order to verify the research hypothesis, a questionnaire survey was conducted on a total of 354 people. Among them, 33 copies were excluded and analyzed based on 321 copies. The scales used were the Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale (TABS), the Korean Event Related Rumination Inventory (ERRI), and the Invasive Rumin Scale, the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (KSTSS). Based on the collected data, it was analyzed through SPSS 21.O and PROCESS macro 3.4 program. The results of this study are as follows.&#x0D; Results First, as a result of examining the demographic variables of this study, most people (20.2%) experienced ‘accidents and injuries (traffic accidents, industrial accidents, fires, explosions, etc.)’ as indirect trauma, and ‘Most people answered (35.2%) because they felt sorry for their family or neighbors. In addition to trauma survivors, this is significant in that it helps in the treatment and counseling strategies of family and acquaintances exposed indirectly. Second, this study was targeted at general adults considering that indirect trauma studies targeting general adults were insufficient, including domestic studies, because prior work on the subject of indirect trauma was mainly targeted at practitioners related to trauma. Is meaningful in that respect. Third, it is significant in that the study results provide information about the main symptoms and the effects of secondary trauma stress in a counseling scene with a client who has experienced indirect trauma and suggests that it is a cognitive direction.&#x0D; Conclusions Based on the above results, we can examine the characteristics of adults who experienced indirect trauma and the main variables affecting secondary trauma stress, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can occur in trauma survivors, indirectly injuries trauma. It was found that even those who experienced it could occur with secondary traumatic stress. Finally, limitations were discussed for further study.

When attitudes and beliefs get in the way of shared decision-making: A mediation analysis of participation preference.

Certain sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., older age) have previously been identified as barriers to patients' participation preference in shared decision-making (SDM). We aim to demonstrate that this relationship is mediated by the perceived power imbalance that manifests itself in patients' negative attitudes and beliefs about their role in decision-making. We recruited a large sample (N = 434) of outpatients with a range of urological diagnoses (42.2% urooncological). Before the medical consultation at a university hospital, patients completed the Patients' Attitudes and Beliefs Scale and the Autonomy Preference Index. We evaluated attitudes as a mediator between sociodemographic factors and participation preference in a path model. We replicated associations between relevant sociodemographic factors and participation preference. Importantly, attitudes and beliefs about one's own role as a patient mediated this relationship. The mediation path model explained a substantial proportion of the variance in participation preference (27.8%). Participation preferences and attitudes did not differ for oncological and nononcological patients. Patients' attitudes and beliefs about their role determine whether they are willing to participate in medical decision-making. Thus, inviting patients to participate in SDM should encompass an assessment of their attitudes and beliefs. Importantly, negative attitudes may be accessible to change. Unlike stable sociodemographic characteristics, such values are promising targets for interventions to foster more active participation in SDM. This study was part of a larger project on implementing SDM in urological practice. Several stakeholders were involved in the design, planningand conduction of this study, for example, three authors are practising urologists, and three are psychologists with experience in patient care. In addition, the survey was piloted with patients, and their feedback was integrated into the questionnaire. The data presented in this study is based on patients' responses. Results may help to empower our patients.

EVALUATION OF GEOHEPTA MOBILE APPLICATION-BASED INSTRUCTIONS' IMPACTS ON AFFECTIVE BEHAVIORS

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how students' self-efficacy, belief perceptions, and attitudes toward technology have changed as a result of mobile application-based instruction during the distance education era. Pre-test, post-test controls were used in the study's quasi-experimental research design. Students in the seventh grade from a public secondary school in Central Anatolia participated in the study. In the study, the students were given the Self-Efficacy Scale for Geometry, the Belief Scale for Geometry, and the Attitude Scale for Technology. T-tests for independent samples and t-tests for dependent samples were used to assess data from measuring tools. The study's findings revealed a substantial difference between the experimental and control groups' students' attitudes toward technology, ideas about geometry, and self-efficacy in those areas. The usage of various mobile applications in mathematics instruction has been recommended in light of the results found.

Two and five-factor models of negative symptoms in schizophrenia are differentially associated with trait affect, defeatist performance beliefs, and psychosocialfunctioning.

Recent factor analytic evidence supports both two-factor (motivation and pleasure, MAP; diminished expression, EXP) and five-factor (anhedonia, asociality, avolition, blunted affect, alogia) conceptualizations of negative symptoms. However, it is unclear whether these two conceptualizations of the latent structure of negative symptoms have differential associations with external correlates. The current study evaluated external correlates of the two- and five-factor structures by examining associations with variables known to have critical relations with negative symptoms: trait affect, defeatist performance beliefs, neurocognition, and community-based psychosocial functioning. Participants included a total of 245 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia who were rated on the Brief Negative Symptom Scale and completed a battery of additional measures during periods of clinical stability. These additional measures included the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Defeatist Performance Beliefs scale, MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, and Level of Function Scale. Pearson correlations indicated differential patterns of associations between the BNSS scores and the external correlates. Support for the two-factor model was indicated by a stronger association of MAP with positive affect and psychosocial functioning, compared to EXP with neurocognition. Significance tests examining a differential magnitude of associations showed that the two-dimension negative symptom structure masked unique correlational relationships among the five negative symptom domains with neurocognition and social/vocational community functioning and captured unique patterns of correlation with trait affect. Support for the five-factor model was shown by a stronger association between Blunted Affect with Attention/Vigilance, and stronger associations between Avolition, Anhedonia, and Asociality with psychosocial functioning. Results offer support for both the two-dimension and five-domain model of negative symptoms as well as a hierarchical two-dimensions-five-domains model of negative symptoms. Findings may have implications for diagnostic criteria and descriptions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5), as well as possible treatment targets of negative symptoms.