Autonomy Scale Research Articles

İş Doyumunun Bir Yordayıcısı Olarak Öğretmen Özerkliği

This study aims to examine the association between teacher autonomy and job satisfaction. To this end, the study employed a relational survey model. The sample of the study included 368 teachers working in different schools of Batman city (Turkey) in the spring term of the 2020-2021 academic year. Teachers representing the population of the research were selected through a random sampling method. Research data were amassed with the “Teacher Autonomy Scale” and “Teacher Job Satisfaction Scale”. The mean scores were calculated and Pearson correlation and simple regression analyses were conducted. Based on the findings of the research, teachers' opinions towards autonomy behaviours and job satisfaction are greater than the middle level. The results also show a positive and significant relationship between teachers' autonomy and job satisfaction. Besides, teachers’ autonomy behaviours are meaningful predictors of their job satisfaction.

RETRACTED: Multimedia Presentations Through Digital Storytelling for Sustainable Development of EFL Learners’ Argumentative Writing Skills, Self-Directed Learning Skills and Learner Autonomy

The present study explored the impact of online digital storytelling on developing EAP students’ argumentative writing skills, and its impact on improving self-directed learning skills and learner autonomy in language learning. To reach such ends, a standardized pretest and posttest in argumentative writing skills were designed, which depends on the writing tasks of IELTS task 2 and Independent TOEFL test writing tasks. Also, the self-rating scale of self-directed learning and language Learner Autonomy Scale (LAS) have been exploited. The two experimental groups were trained to write using two different types of learning; group A through online storytelling and group B used offline content producing software to produce digital storytelling to promote writing skills. On the other hand, the control group (group C) used a traditional storytelling strategy. Results primarily revealed that the literacy skills of those who produced their stories with the offline software (group B) improved significantly in comparison to the other experimental group which was taught through online digital storytelling (group A). The control group achieved the least of the three groups in developing target skills. Further, the qualitative analysis of experimental group members’ responses in the semi-structured interviews revealed positive attitudes toward learning through blended learning approaches compared with pure online web-based learning. It is, therefore, recommended that blended learning should be used for students from communities with poor digital literacy and technology infrastructure. Also, online learning should be used with care to cope with community needs to fill a real gap in field practices in language learning to improve multiliteracy skills.

Measuring evolving regional autonomy demands and statutes: introducing the Sub-state Autonomy Scale (SAS)

ABSTRACT This article introduces the Sub-state Autonomy Scale (SAS), an indicator and database for autonomy demands and statutes at the sub-state level. The usefulness of the SAS comes with two analytical properties. First, it allows evaluating autonomy in kind (whether competences are administrative or legislative), in degree (how much each dimension is present) and by competences (as a function of the extent of comprised policy domains) at the same time. Second, it can be used for analysing both autonomy demands and statutes. Taken together, the two aim at a refined analysis of sub-state mobilization and restructuring as well as their interplay.

PERAN PENGASUHAN KONTROL PSIKOLOGIS DAN OTONOMI EMOSIONAL DALAM PEMBENTUKAN IDENTITAS REMAJA

Pembentukan identitas remaja dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor salah satunya yaitu peranan pengasuhan orang tua dan otonomi emosional remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peranan dari pengasuhan kontrol psikologis dan otonomi emosional terhadap pembentukan identitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Partisipan merupakan 480 remaja di Surabaya yang berusia 12-21 yang diperoleh dengan metode quota sampling. Alat ukur Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale versi Indonesia, Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self-Report, dan Emotional Autonomy Scale digunakan untuk mengukur pembentukan identitas, pengasuhan kontrol psikologis, dan otonomi emosional. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi ganda dan regresi hierarki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengasuhan kontrol psikologis ibu dapat memprediksi eksplorasi mendalam, pengasuhan kontrol psikologis ayah dapat memprediksi peninjauan kembali komitmen, dan otonomi emosional dapat memprediksi rendahnya komitmen. Selain itu, ditemukan otonomi emosional tidak dapat berperan sebagai moderator antara pengasuhan kontrol psikologis dengan pembentukan identitas. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa pengasuhan kontrol psikologis dan otonomi emosional memiliki peranan yang berbeda dalam pembentukan identitas yang sesuai dengan konteks di Indonesia.

Promoting learner autonomy and improving reflective thinking skills through reflective practice and collaborative learning

ABSTRACT In this study, the role of reflective practice and collaborative learning practice in promoting learner autonomy (LA) and improving reflective thinking skills (RT) and related learner perceptions were explored. A mixed-method design was preferred to investigate the issue, with participants enrolled in an Academic English Skills (EAP) course (N = 41). Quantitative data analysis of pre- and post-test scores of Learner Autonomy Scale (LAS) and Reflective Thinking Scale (RTS) detected no statistically significant difference in participants’ learner autonomy and reflective thinking skills. However, the results of Change in Learner Autonomy Scale (CLARTS) demonstrated a statistically significant change in LA and RT. Finally, the qualitative findings obtained from student interviews supported the results of CLARTS and revealed positive attitudes of learners towards reflective practice and collaborative practice.

Evaluation of Nursing Students' Sociotropic-Autonomic Personality Characteristics and Their Orientation to Care Roles.

AIMIn this study, the aim is to evaluate student nurses’ sociotropic-autonomic personality traits and orientation to the caring role in line with these advancements and requirements in the profession.METHODThis descriptive study included 372 nursing students studying in the 2018-2019 spring term. A 9-question questionnaire, 60-item Sociotropy Autonomy Scale and 24-item Nursing Care Role Orientation Scale were used to collect data. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum were applied. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the means of two independent groups and a one-way ANOVA test was used to compare more than two independent groups. Written consent was obtained from the participants.ResultsIt was determined that the total Sociotropy Autonomy Scale (SAS) average score of the students was 152.35 ± 19.96 while the total score of the Nursing Care Role Orientation Scale (NCROS) was 79.48 ± 7.51. In addition, there were significant differences in SAS score averages related to age, gender, parental education status, and parental attitudes. Meaningful differences were also found in the total scores of NCROS according to age, gender, class grade, mother’s education level, and willingness to choose the nursing department. There was no statistically significant correlation between SAS total score and NCROS total score (p > .05).ConclusionIn line with the results obtained from the research, it can be recommended that the courses which can contribute to the orientation of the students to the sociotropic and autonomic personality characteristics and the orientation of nursing care roles contents should be developed, and the training and activities of awareness should be conducted.

Examining the Relationship between Sensation Seeking, Positive and Negative Experiences, Emotional Autonomy and Coping Strategies in Adolescents

The research aims to examine the relationships between sensation seeking and positive and negative experience, emotional autonomy, and coping strategies in adolescents. The study group consisted of 371 adolescents who attended middle and high schools; the ages ranged from 11 to 17. 55.7 % of participants were female (N=137), and 44.3% were male (N=109). Data were collected via Adolescent Coping Scale (KIDCOPE), Emotional Autonomy Scale, Adolescent Positive and Negative Experiences Scale, and Short Sensation Seeking Scale. The relationships between the study variables were analyzed via correlational analysis and regression analysis. The correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant negative correlation among sensation seeking, emotional autonomy, active coping, and positive experience. On the other hand, a statistically significant positive correlation among sensation seeking, avoidant coping, negative coping, and negative experience. The regression analysis results showed that emotional autonomy, avoidant coping, negative coping, and negative experience predict sensation seeking, yet active coping and positive experience variables did not predict.

Perspectives on Home Time and Its Association With Quality of Life After Inpatient Surgery Among US Veterans

Home time, defined as time spent at home after hospital discharge, is emerging as a novel, patient-oriented outcome in stroke recovery and end-of-life care. Longer home time is associated with lower mortality and higher patient satisfaction. However, a knowledge gap exists in the measurement and understanding of home time in the population undergoing surgery. To examine the association between postoperative home time and quality of life (QoL), functional status, and decisional regret and to identify themes regarding the meaning of time spent at home after surgery. This mixed-methods study including a survey and qualitative interviews used an explanatory sequential design involving 152 quantitative surveys followed by in-depth interviews with 12 participants from February 26, 2020, to December 17, 2020. US veterans older than 65 years who underwent inpatient surgery at a single-center veterans hospital within the prior 6 to 12 months were studied. Quality of life, measured by the Veterans RAND 12-item Health Survey and 19-item Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure scale; functional status, measured by activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL scales; and regret, measured by the Decision Regret Scale. Home time, standardized as percentage of total time spent at home from the time of surgery to the time of survey administration. Associations between home time and QoL, function, and decisional regret in the survey data were analyzed using Spearman correlation in the overall cohort and in operative stress score subcohorts (1-2 [low] vs 3-5 [high]) in a stratified analysis. The 12 semistructured interviews were analyzed to elicit patients' perspectives on home time in postoperative recovery. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed using content and thematic analysis and integrated with quantitative data in joint displays. A total of 152 patients (mean [SD] age, 72.3 [4.4] years; 146 [96.0%] male) were surveyed, and 12 patients (mean [SD] age, 72.3 [4.8] years; 11 [91.7%] male) were interviewed. The median time to survey completion was 307 days (IQR, 265-344 days). The median home time was 97.8% (IQR, 94.6%-98.6%; range, 22.2%-99.5%). Increased home time was associated with better physical health-related QoL in the Veterans RAND 12-item Health Survey (r = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.18-0.47; P < .001) and higher ADL scores (r = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.06-0.36; P = .008) and instrumental ADL functional scores (r = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.04-0.37; P = .009). Decisional regret was inversely associated with home time in only the high operative stress score subcohort (r = -0.22; 95% CI, -0.47 to -0.04; P = .047). Home was perceived as a safe and familiar environment that accelerated recovery through nurturing support of loved ones. In this mixed-methods study including a survey and qualitative interviews, increased home time in the first year after major surgery was associated with improved daily function and physical QoL among US veterans. Interviewees considered the transition to home to be an indicator of recovery, suggesting that home time may be a promising, patient-oriented quality outcome measure for surgical recovery that warrants further study.

THE FEATURES OF PERSONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN PEOPLE WITH OVERWEIGHT

The article studied the personal psychological traits of overweight people. Modern society perceives body corpulence as something negative and something to be ashamed of. However, obesity and related eating disorders have continued to grow steadily over the past few decades. The purpose of the article is to compare the personality traits of people with normal weight and overweight people in order to identify the psychological characteristics of people with excess weight. The conducted empirical research and analysis showed: 1) overweight respondents mostly haв a negative image of their own body; 2) overweight respondents had a worse control over their activities, were not always able to use the current situation to their own advantage, to achieve goals that might be blurred and not clear for such respondents. Also, overweight respondents had low self-acceptance. Therefore, in general, the psychological well-being of overweight people was reduced. We did not find differences on the scale of autonomy, and we cannot claim that overweight people excessively relied on other people's opinions, wishes or views; 3) overweight people tended to have depressive states. We believe that this happens, first of all, due to the pressure of society, due to the ideal of a slender, even sometimes too thin person existing in society; 4) overweight respondents were prone to pessimism, tended to distance themselves from their partner in romantic relationships. Overweight respondents were more likely to have a cold relationship with their parents. They also saw the relationship between their parents as strained, close to conflict. Based on the obtained data, we see a promising study aimed at improving the identified characteristics, which can help such people reduce excess weight.

Is more, better? Relationships of multiple psychological well-being facets with cardiometabolic disease.

Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Assessments of psychological well-being taken at one time point are linked to reduced cardiometabolic risk, but psychological well-being may change over time and how longitudinal trajectories of psychological well-being may be related to CMD risk remains unclear. Furthermore, psychological well-being is a multidimensional construct comprised of distinct facets, but no work has examined whether sustaining high levels of multiple facets may confer additive protection. This study tested if trajectories of four psychological well-being facets would be associated with lower risk of self-reported nonfatal CMD. Participants were 4,006 adults aged ≥50 years in the English Longitudinal study of Ageing followed for 18 years at biyearly intervals. Psychological well-being facets were measured in Waves 1-5 using subscales of the Control, Autonomy, Satisfaction, and Pleasure scale. Latent class growth modeling defined trajectories of each facet. Incident CMD cases were self-reported at Waves 6-9. Cox regression models estimated likelihood of incident CMD associated with trajectories of each facet individually and additively (i.e., having persistently high levels on multiple facets over time). After adjusting for relevant covariates, CMD risk was lower for adults with persistently high versus persistently low levels of control and autonomy. When considering potential additive effects, lower CMD risk was also related to experiencing persistently high levels of ≥2 versus 0 psychological well-being facets. Findings suggest having and sustaining multiple facets of psychological well-being is beneficial for cardiometabolic health, and that effects may be additive. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Associação entre as características sociodemográficas e reprodutivas com a autonomia reprodutiva das trabalhadoras rurais

to verify the association between sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics with rural workers' reproductive autonomy. a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 346 women and application of the Reproductive Autonomy Scale. Multinomial regression was performed to analyze associations between independent variables and outcomes. in the analysis of subscales "Decision-making", "My sexual partner or someone else such as a parent", "Both me and my partner" and "Me", women experienced greater reproductive autonomy in relation to their partners. For outcomes "Decision about which method to use", "When to have a baby" or "About unplanned pregnancy", the highest prevalence was for category "Me", with statistically significant associations. the sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics among the most vulnerable women, in terms of the social, economic and cultural context in which they are inserted, may be associated with greater difficulties in exercising reproductive autonomy.

Development and implementation of the learning autonomy scale in teaching Turkish as a foreign language

Development and implementation of the learning autonomy scale in teaching Turkish as a foreign language

INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION BETWEEN QUILOMBOLA MOTHERS AND DAUGHTERS: REPRODUCTIVE AUTONOMY AND INTERVENING FACTORS

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze reproductive autonomy in quilombola women and the intervening factors of intergenerational transmission between mothers and daughters. Method: a cross-sectional and analytical study developed with 160 women, mothers and daughters from quilombola communities in the municipality of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. The National Health Survey questionnaire was used to verify sociodemographic characteristics and intervening factors; and the Reproductive Autonomy Scale was also employed. The Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were applied. The data were analyzed by means of simple and multiple linear regression. Results: the group of mothers presented higher frequency of women that are married or live with a partner (66.2%), who worked (51.2%) and who had higher incomes (358.00 ± 663.00). The daughters presented more years of study (10.50 ± 5.00). Reproductive autonomy and intergenerational transmission between mothers and daughters mainly occur in the Absence of coercion (ICC=0.70; p=0368) and Communication (ICC=0.69; p=0694) domains. The mother's age (β-adjusted=-0.027; p=0.039) and the daughter's skin color/race (β-adjusted=0.423; p=0.049) were intervening factors in intergenerational transmission related to Decision-making, associated with the mother's age and with the daughter's self-recognition as black-skinned. Conclusion: the daughters do not follow the same choice as their mothers, which can be understood due to greater accessibility to reproductive planning services and increased schooling levels. Intergenerational transmission among quilombolas presents important specificities for reproductive decisions and enables a better understanding of the information and qualification of the health professionals' assistance in the care provided to these women.

Determinants of Job Satisfaction in Remote Work Environments: The Roles of Autonomy and Feedback

The transition to remote work has raised critical questions about how job characteristics such as autonomy and performance feedback influence job satisfaction. This study aims to explore the relationship between job autonomy, performance feedback, and job satisfaction among remote workers, addressing gaps in existing literature and providing insights for enhancing remote work experiences. A cross-sectional study design was used, involving 350 remote workers who responded to standardized instruments measuring job satisfaction (Job Descriptive Index), job autonomy (Work Autonomy Scales), and performance feedback (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire feedback component). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression in SPSS version 27 to examine the relationships and predictive powers of the independent variables on job satisfaction. Job autonomy and performance feedback were both significantly associated with job satisfaction. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed strong positive relationships between job satisfaction and job autonomy (r = 0.64, p &lt; 0.001) and performance feedback (r = 0.59, p &lt; 0.001). The regression model explained 34% of the variance in job satisfaction (R² = 0.34), with job autonomy (B = 0.34, β = 0.44, p &lt; 0.001) and performance feedback (B = 0.29, β = 0.38, p &lt; 0.001) both making significant contributions. The findings confirm that both job autonomy and performance feedback are crucial for job satisfaction among remote workers. Enhancing these elements can significantly improve remote work satisfaction and potentially increase productivity and employee retention. This study underscores the need for organizations to carefully design remote work policies that foster autonomy and provide effective performance feedback.

Prevention of Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Newly Multiple Myeloma Patients Using Nervonic Acid, Curcuma Rizoma, and L-Arginine Compound: A Pilot Study.

Introduction:This is a phase II pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of a nutraceutical compound composed of nervonic acid, curcuma rizoma, and l-Arginine to prevent the onset of bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN) in 16 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients treated with bortezomib (BTZ) over 6 months.Materials and methods:Assessments included neurological examination and electroneurography, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE), reduced version of Total Neuropathic Score (TNSr), pain evaluation, functional autonomy scales, self-perceived symptoms and quality of life questionnaires at baseline and after 6 months.Results:No patients were symptomatic at baseline, despite neurophysiological data and TNSr evidence of peripheral neuropathy (PN) in 11 of them. After 6 months, only 9 patients completed the study. All had modifications in neurological examination with 8 out of 9 showing neurophysiological data of PN (2 of which had a NCI-CTCAE grade of neurotoxicity ≥2); 4 patients dropped out due to BIPN, 2 because of MM progression, 1 for scarce compliance.Discussion:In our study, the compound was not adequate to prevent BIPN. The incidence of subclinical PN in MM patients is a risk factor for the development of severe neurotoxicity during BTZ treatment. For this reason to evaluate the efficacy of any preventive compound, as well as to manage MM patients, it should be mandatory to include neurophysiological study as a standard procedure.

The Correlation of Self-Leadership and Autonomy Among Students of Theological College in North Sumatera

College Students entering higher education will form new habits and require efforts to adjust to the demands of autonomy. Self-leadership is one of the adjustment strategies needed to achieve autonomy. This study aims to find out the relationship between self-leadership and student autonomy. The subject of the study was 211 college students of Theological College in North Sumatra. The data was collected using two scales, namely a self-leadership scale of 34 items with a α = 0.91 and an autonomy scale of 30 items with a α = 0.87. Pearson Product Moment's correlational analysis showed a correlation value of 0.679 with sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 (p&lt;0.01) which means there is a very significant positive relationship between self-leadership and autonomy. Students who develop self-leadership strategies, namely behavior-focused strategies, natural reward strategies constructive thought strategies will be able to direct themselves in acting as they see fit, making their own decisions and accounting for their own behavior. The coefficient of determination of R Square is 0.462 which means the percentage of self-leadership variable contribution to increased autonomy is 46.2% and 53.8% is the contribution of other variables. The motivation and environment of students, the character of the tasks given, the competence of teaching lecturers, and the materials or courses taken by students may be able to contribute in student autonomy to the reach of academic achievement.

A Russian Version of the Emotional Autonomy Scale: Primary Adaptation Data

The formation of emotional autonomy in child-parent relations is one of the main developmental tasks of adolescence (Havighurst, 1972). The theoretical framework of our study comes from the Age-Related Cultural-Historical Approach (Vygotsky, 2000; Leontiev, 1978; Bozhovich, 2009; Elkonin, 1972) and the Theory of Emotional Autonomy Formation by L. Steinberg & S. Silverberg (1986). Here we present the results of a test with the Russian version of the "Emotional Autonomy Scale" (EAS) as validated by L. Steinberg & S. Silverberg (1986). We conducted a substantial psychometric analysis of the EAS scales on a Russian sample. The participants were 222 pupils from the 9th to 11th grades in Moscow schools (age 14-17; M = 15.89; SD = 0.91). A comparative and structural analysis was conducted to review the reliability of the EAS Russian version, administered by the authors. The pupils were evaluated with 1) the authors' Russian version of the EAS by L. Steinberg & S. Silverberg (1986); and 2) the Parent-Child Interaction questionnaire (PCI) by I. Markovskaya (1999). The fit of Steinberg's original Four-factor model (L. Steinberg & S. Silverberg, 1986) and of the Beyers' and colleagues' Seven-factor model (2005) were studied on a Russian sample for the first time. The Four-factor model was chosen as the final model due to better fit indices and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The CFA showed the model fit indices to be acceptable (RMSEA = 0.07) or slightly less than the good fit values (CFI = 0.74). The validity analysis was conducted using the PCI by I. Markovskaya (1999). The aim of theoretical analysis, approbation, and validation of the EAS on a Russian sample was achieved: the authors' version of the EAS is a valid and reliable instrument to measure adolescents' emotional autonomy in a Russian sample.

Multiple Mediation of Self-Esteem, Perception of Social Self-efficacy, and Social Anxiety in the Relationship Between Peer Support and Autonomy in Adolescents

The aim of this study is in the relationship between peer support and autonomy in adolescents; The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of social self-efficacy perception, self-esteem and social anxiety variables in adolescents. The study group of the research consists of 462 high school students (237 women and 225 men). Of the students in the study group, 26% (120 people) were in the 9th grade, 28.6% (132 people) were in the 10th grade, 28.1% (130 people) were in the 11th grade and 16.5% ( 76 people) are studying in the 12th grade. Data collection tools used in the study; Adolescent Social Anxiety Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Short Form), Social Self-Efficacy Perception Scale, Peer Support Scale, Adolescent Autonomy Scale were used. The data were analyzed with Regression-based method and Bootstrap methods. According to the findings obtained from the study, it was observed that as peer support increases in adolescents, individuals' self-esteem and social self-efficacy perceptions increase, and as a result, their autonomy levels increase. In addition, it is seen that the increase in peer support in adolescents decreases the social anxiety of the individuals and thus the level of autonomy increases. In addition, it was found that the established model explained 41% of autonomy in adolescents.

Immediate and Longer-Term Changes in the Mental Health and Well-being of Older Adults in England During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Despite the emphasis placed on the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, evidence from representative studies of older adults including pre-COVID-19 data and repeated assessments during the pandemic is scarce. To examine changes in mental health and well-being before and during the initial and later phases of the COVID-19 pandemic and test whether patterns varied with sociodemographic characteristics in a representative sample of older adults living in England. This longitudinal cohort study analyzed data from 5146 older adults participating in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing who provided data before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018 and 2019) and at 2 occasions in 2020 (June or July as well as November or December). The COVID-19 pandemic and sociodemographic characteristics, including sex, age, partnership status, and socioeconomic position. Changes in depression (8-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale), anxiety (7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale), quality of life (12-item Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure scale), and loneliness (3-item Revised University of California, Los Angeles, loneliness scale) were tested before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using fixed-effects regression models. Of 5146 included participants, 2723 (52.9%) were women, 4773 (92.8%) were White, and the mean (SD) age was 67.7 (10.6) years. The prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms increased from 12.5% (95% CI, 11.5-13.4) before the COVID-19 pandemic to 22.6% (95% CI, 21.6-23.6) in June and July 2020, with a further rise to 28.5% (95% CI, 27.6-29.5) in November and December 2020. This was accompanied by increased loneliness and deterioration in quality of life. The prevalence of anxiety rose from 9.4% (95% CI, 8.8-9.9) to 10.9% (95% CI, 10.3-11.5) from June and July 2020 to November and December 2020. Women and nonpartnered people experienced worse changes in mental health. Participants with less wealth had the lowest levels of mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher socioeconomic groups had better mental health overall but responded to the COVID-19 pandemic with more negative changes. In this longitudinal cohort study of older adults living in England, mental health and well-being continued to worsen as the COVID-19 pandemic progressed, and socioeconomic inequalities persisted. Women and nonpartnered people experienced greater deterioration in mental health.

Factors Associated With the Quality of the Patient-Doctor Relationship: A Cross-Sectional Study of Ambulatory Mexican Patients With Rheumatic Diseases.

BackgroundThe patient-doctor relationship (PDR) is a complex phenomenon with strong cultural determinants, which impacts health-related outcomes and, accordingly, does have ethical implications. The study objective was to describe the PDR from medical encounters between 600 Mexican outpatients with rheumatic diseases and their attending rheumatologists, and to identify factors associated with a good PDR.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed. Patients completed the PDRQ-9 (Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire, 9 items), the HAQ-DI (Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index), the Short-Form 36 items (SF-36), a pain–visual analog scale, and the Ideal Patient Autonomy Scale. Relevant sociodemographic, disease-related, and treatment-related variables were obtained. Patients assigned a PDRQ-9 score to each patient-doctor encounter. Regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with a good PDR, which was defined based on a cutoff point established using the borderline performance method.ResultsPatients were primarily middle-aged female subjects (86%), with substantial disease duration (median, 11.1 years), without disability (HAQ-DI within reference range, 55.3%), and with deteriorated quality of life (SF-36 out of reference range, 73.7%–78.6%). Among them, 36.5% had systemic lupus erythematosus and 31.8% had rheumatoid arthritis. There were 422 patients (70.3%) with a good PDR and 523 medical encounters (87.2%) involved certified rheumatologists.Patient paternalistic ideal of autonomy (odds ratio [OR], 3.029; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.793–5.113), SF-36 score (OR, 1.014; 95% CI, 1.003–1.025), female sex (OR, 0.460; 95% CI, 0.233–0.010), and being certified rheumatologist (OR, 1.526; 95% CI, 1.059–2.200) were associated with a good PDR.ConclusionsPatient-related factors and the degree of experience of the attending physician impact the quality of the PDR, in Mexican outpatients with rheumatic diseases.