Scale-level Content Validity Index Research Articles

Psychometric Measurements of the Adherence to Refills and Medication Scales Among Patients With HIV/AIDS in Indonesia

ObjectiveThis study aimed to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) among patients with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia. MethodsPsychometric analysis was conducted at 2 hospitals and 7 public health centers at the voluntary counseling and testing clinic. Content validity was measured by assessing the relevance and clarity of each ARMS item. Construct validity was also assessed. Reliability was evaluated using internal consistency and test-retest reliability. ResultsThis study involved 11 experts in the assessment of the content validity and 240 participants in the estimation of the construct validity. All ARMS items were generally considered easy to understand and relevant, with scale-level content validity index based on the average method (S-CVI/Ave) of 0.9 (>0.78) and item-level content validity index (I-CVI) in the range from 0.5 to 1 for the relevance level and S-CVI/Ave of 0.95 (>0.78) and I-CVI in the range from 0.8 to 1 for the clarity level. Two items (numbers 2 and 3) were revised based on experts’ suggestions to enhance comprehension. Confirmatory factor analysis supported 2 subscales: adherence to taking medications and adherence to refilling prescriptions. Good reliability was supported by internal consistency (Cronbach’s α 0.793) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.722) for the overall adherence score. ConclusionsThe Indonesian version of ARMS is a valid and reliable medication adherence scale when used in Indonesian patients with HIV/AIDS.

Chinese Version of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool: Critical Patient Reliability and Validity.

To translate and validate the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool. Timely assessment of the pain degree of nonverbal intensive care unit (ICU) patients can provide humanistic care. However, there is a lack of pain assessment tools that can meet the needs of patients who cannot use language in ICUs in China. A cross-sectional survey. We conducted forward-backward translation of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool. A total of 300 critically ill patients in the intensive care unit who could not communicate verbally completed the Chinese version of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to verify structural validity, and content validity and reliability analyses were also conducted. The Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.901) and interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.981), with good split-half reliability. Content validity was established through acceptable item-level content validity index and scale-level content validity index scores. Exploratory factor analysis showed a single factor explaining 71.79% of total variance, and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed good model fit. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.917 between the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool. The Chinese Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool demonstrated significant differences in scores between different states of consciousness and illness severity, supporting its known-groups validity. The Chinese version of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool is a reliable and valid tool for nonverbal pain assessment in ICU patients in China. The Chinese version of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool can assess the pain of patients who cannot use language in ICU, which provides a new valuable assessment tool for Chinese clinicians and nurses in pain assessment and management. Our study followed the STROBE Checklists. Patients actively cooperated and participated in data collection during the implementation of the study.

An Instructional Module for Functional Dissociative Seizures (FDS) in Hindi: Enhancing Communication and Management in India.

Functional dissociative seizures (FDS) are very common in neurology clinics, they straddle both neurology and psychiatry. In India, scarce resources and guidelines are available for effectively conveying their diagnosis and management, which leads to a substantial gap in care. We aimed to provide an instructional module for FDS, tailored to clinicians, patients, and caregivers in Hindi, to enhance communication of diagnosis and facilitate suitable management strategies. The instructional module development process was based on clinical settings and expert opinions. A standard translation process was performed to ensure the linguistic and cultural equivalence. Validation was carried out by a panel of 15 validators, comprising 13 neurologists and two psychiatrists, to identify key psychoeducation components and their significance. They were provided a questionnaire consisting of five questions that were related to completeness, understandability, legibility, clarification, and usefulness of educational material for clinicians, patients, and caregivers. Items were rated using a 5-point Likert scale. There was agreement on four items (Q1, Q3, Q4, and Q5), whereas approximately 85% of the validators agreed on the remaining one item (Q2). The instructional module demonstrated high content validity as indicated by both item level-content validity index (0.98) and scale-level content validity index (0.97), alongside content validity ratio and modified kappa statistics. The developed Hindi instructional module for FDS serves as a valuable tool to enhance the communication of FDS diagnosis and dispel misconceptions. This offers a comprehensive resource for clinicians, patients, and caregivers in India, potentially bridging gap in FDS care.

Exploration of Establishing Evaluation Indicators for Hand Trauma Rehabilitation Nursing Based on Delphi Method.

This study aimed to develop an evaluation index system for hand surgery rehabilitation nursing using the Delphi method. A survey questionnaire on evaluation indicators for hand surgery rehabilitation nursing was developed, and 18 professionals including orthopedic surgeons, orthopedic nursing, and rehabilitation departments were selected. The survey was conducted using the letter method, and a database was established to screen the items, forming a hand surgery rehabilitation nursing evaluation scale. The expert's positive coefficient, authority coefficient, and coordination coefficient were analyzed, and the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and weight coefficient were calculated. Based on the correlation assignment results, the Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI), Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI), average S-CVI, Probability of random consistency (Pc), and corrected I-CVI Kendall's coefficient of concordance (K*) were determined. In the first round of expert inquiry, a total of 18 questionnaires were distributed, and 15 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 83.33%. In the second round, 15 questionnaires were distributed and 15 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 100%. The two rounds of expert evaluations yielded judgment scores of 0.91 and 0.95, with proficiency levels of 0.83 and 0.87 and authority coefficients of 0.87 and 0.91, respectively. The Kendall's W values for the two rounds were 0.313 and 0.224, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01). After screening, 23 indicators were retained, with a coefficient of variation ranging from 0.072 to 0.166. Among the third-level indicators, 12 had an I-CVI of 1.00, 4 had an I-CVI of 0.93, and 7 had an I-CVI of 0.87. The overall S-CVI was 0.80, with an average S-CVI of 0.95. The K* values for the 23 indicators ranged from 0.8662 to 1.0000. The evaluation index system for hand injury rehabilitation nursing based on the Delphi method is highly scientific, and is expected to be used to guide the clinical evaluation of hand injury rehabilitation nursing.

Development and validation of Parents’ Health Literacy Scale on Preventing Road Traffic Injuries for children aged 0–6 years in China

BackgroundRoad traffic injuries are the leading cause of death in children. Parents’ health literacy (HL) is closely related to child safety, especially for the young children. This study aimed to...

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the family presence risk-benefit and self-confidence scales in Chinese nurses

BackgroundControversy surrounding Family Presence during Resuscitation (FPDR) continues internationally. The attitudes of medical professionals toward FPDR are particularly important for its clinical implementation. Currently, there is a lack of validated tools to evaluate medical professionals’ perceptions of FPDR in China. The study aimed to: (1) Cross-culturally adapt and validate the Family Presence Risk-Benefit Scale (FPR-BS) and the Self-Confidence Scale (FPS-CS) for use in China; and (2) investigate the nurses’ perceptions of FPDR and explore the relationships between the nurses’ perceptual variables and demographic variables.MethodsThe English version of the FPR-BS and FPS-CS underwent a rigorous process of translation, back-translation, proofreading, and cultural adaptation to create the Chinese versions. In the first stage, a sample of 200 nurses were recruited to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scales. In the second stage, a larger cohort 519 nurses were invited to assess their perceptions of FPDR and the relationships between these perceptual variables and demographic variables.ResultsExploratory factorial analysis identified a single dimension for both the FPR-BS and FPS-CS, explaining 43.84% and 48.43% of the variance, respectively. The Scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) of the FPR-BS and the FPS-CS was 0.98 and 0.97, respectively. Reliability assessments yielded Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.933 for the FPR-BS and 0.930 for the FPS-CS. The split-half reliability coefficients were 0.832 for the FPR-BS and 0.835 for the FPS-CS, while the retest reliability coefficients were 0.742 and 0.927, respectively. The average scores obtained were 2.76 (SD = 0.52) for the FPR-BS and 3.43 (SD = 0.58) for the FPS-CS. Statistical analyses revealed that factors such as patient type, family members’ prior experience with resuscitation, and the number of times nurses invited family members during resuscitation significantly influenced perceptions of the benefits and risks associated with FPDR (P < 0.05). Furthermore, obtaining certification as an intensive care specialist was positively associated with nurses’ self-confidence in managing FPDR (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe FPR-BS and FPS-CS were validated as effective instruments for measuring nurses’ perceptions of PFDR, demonstrating acceptable levels of validity and reliability. While nurses reported fewer benefits and greater risks of FPDR, they exhibited increased self-confidence in managing family presence during resuscitation.

Measuring Professional Governance: The Swedish Version of the Verran Professional Governance Scale©.

To translate the Verran Professional Governance Scale© (VPGS©) into Swedish, adapt it to the Swedish context, and validate it. Magnet®-recognized hospitals have proven successful in reversing negative trends regarding nursing shortage. A change in organizational and management structures is required, and professional governance is fundamental. However, in a Swedish context, there are no validated instruments to measure professional governance. The instrument was translated from English to Swedish and synthesized into a unified version. It was back translated, discussed in an expert panel, and pilot tested with cognitive interviews of nurses. A new Swedish version of the VPGS© was developed. The expert group reached a consensus, and the scale-level Content Validity Index value shows high relevance. Some words and sentences were revised, and an introduction was added. The study generated a Swedish version of the VPGS©, which can be used to measure nurses' perceptions of professional governance behaviors.

Psychometric evaluation of the study interest questionnaire-short form among Chinese nursing students based on classical test theory and item response theory

BackgroundThere is currently no dedicated measurement for assessing nursing students’ study interest in China. Considering the good reliability, validity, and widespread applicability of the Study Interest Questionnaire-Short Form (SIQ-SF), the objective of this study was to validate its usage among Chinese nursing students.MethodsThe translation and cross-cultural adaptation rigorously followed the modified Brislin model. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Chinese version of the SIQ-SF and convenience sampling was employed to select nursing students. The Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the SIQ-SF was conducted based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory.ResultsA total of 1158 participants were included in the analysis. The item-level content validity index (CVI) ranged from 0.9 to 1.0, and the scale-level CVI was 0.98. In the Exploratory factor analysis, three factors with eigenvalues above 1 were identified, accounting for 62.554% of the cumulative variance. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the CMIN\\DF was 5.639, the GFI was 0.953, the CFI was 0.902, and the IFI was 0.904. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the Chinese version of the SIQ-SF was 0.70. Thirty-one participants were invited to sign the scale after two weeks. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.784, and that of items ranged from 0.70 to 0.819. The infit MnSQ values ranged between 0.76 and 1.51, and the outfit MnSQ values ranged between 0.72 and 1.76. The point-measure correlation value ranged between 0.30 and 0.68. The item difficulty measures ranged from − 0.66 to 1.44 logit and the individual learning interest estimations ranged from − 4.22 to 4.97 logit. DIF contrast ranged from 0.00 to 0.33 logits, with all p values greater than 0.05.ConclusionsThe Chinese version of the SIQ-SF demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity among Chinese nursing students and could be used to assess nursing students’ study interest in China. With the aid of this scale, teachers can gain a better understanding of nursing students’ study interests, thereby maximizing their learning effects through appropriate content and methods.

Adapting and Validating a Patient Prompt List to Assist Localized Prostate Cancer Patients with Treatment Decision Making.

Effective communication between patients and healthcare providers is essential for informed decision making in cancer care. Communication aids that can help prostate cancer patients optimize their involvement in treatment care planning are not widely used in the U.S. This research details the adaptation and validation process of a patient prompt list for localized prostate cancer patients undergoing treatment decisions. This process occurred in three steps: Step 1 involved gathering usable questions from the literature; in Step 2, we evaluated the tool's content via expert (N = 6) feedback; and in Step 3, we assessed the usefulness of the prompt list with patients (N = 30). Sixty percent of candidate questions (20/33) were retained for inclusion after achieving acceptable item-level content validity index (range: 0.83-1.00) and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI = 0.96) scores. The final 20 questions were classified into 5 domains (1: Treatment Options and Information, 2: Side Effects, Risks, and Recovery, 3: Emotional and Social Support, 4: Logistical and Practical Concerns, and 5: Future Health Considerations) through a card sorting exercise with a subset of patients (N = 3) and providers (N = 2). Most patients rated the prompt list as "useful or very useful" both to themselves (80%, N = 24) and to other men presenting with prostate cancer (83%, N = 25). The participatory process used to develop and validate the prompt list offers insights for the development of similar tools.

Development and validation of assessment instruments for cervical collar and spinal board placement in simulated environments for nursing students in the care of polytrauma patients

BackgroundMultiple trauma injuries are the leading cause of death and disability in people under the age of 45 and require prompt and specialised care. However, medical and nursing education programmes do not always include specific training in emergency pre-hospital care, resulting in a lack of basic practical skills in trauma management.ObjectiveTo develop and validate two instruments for assessing nursing students’ competence in cervical collar and spinal board application in simulated pre-hospital emergency scenarios.MethodThis is an instrumental study that involves the development of two assessment instruments and the evaluation of their psychometric properties in a sample of 392 nursing students. Content validity was assessed using expert judgement, by calculating the content validity ratio (CVR) for each item and the scale level content validity index average (S-CVI/Ave) for the instruments. Exploratory factor analysis using the MINRES extraction method and Promax rotation was performed to analyse the performance of the items and structure of the rubrics. Internal consistency was analysed using the Omega coefficient and inter-rater agreement was assessed using Cohen’s Kappa coefficient.ResultsInitially, two rubrics were obtained: one with six items for cervical collar placement (S-CVI/Ave = 0.86) and one with nine items for spinal board placement (S-CVI/Ave = 0.81). Both had a single-factor structure, with all items having factor loadings greater than 0.34 for the cervical collar rubric and 0.56 for the spinal board rubric, except for item 2 of the cervical collar rubric (λ = 0.24), which was subsequently removed. The final cervical collar rubric (five items) had an overall internal consistency of 0.84 and the spinal board rubric had an overall internal consistency of 0.90, calculated using the Omega statistic. The weighted Kappa coefficient for each item ranged from acceptable (0.32) to substantial (0.79). These results show that we have successfully developed two sufficiently valid instruments to assess the immobilisation competencies proposed in the objective of the study.ConclusionWhilst further research is needed to fully establish their psychometric properties, these instruments offer a valuable starting point for evaluating nursing students' competence in cervical collar and spinal board application in simulated pre-hospital scenarios.

Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the dry eye-related quality-of-life score questionnaire.

To psychometrically validate the Chinese version of the dry eye-related quality-of-life score questionnaire (DEQS-CHN) among Chinese patients with dry eye. This study involved 231 participants, including 191 with dry eye disease (DED) comprising the dry eye disease group, and 40 healthy participants forming the control group. Participants were required to complete the DEQS-CHN, and Chinese dry eye questionnaire and undergo clinical tests including the fluorescein breakup time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), and Schirmer I test. To assess the internal consistency and retest reliability, Cronbach's α and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were employed. Content validity was assessed by item-level content validity index (ICV) and an average scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave). Construct validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. The concurrent validity was assessed by calculating correlations between DEQS-CHN and Chinese dry eye questionnaire. Discriminative validity was evaluated through non-parametric tests, with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve serving as conclusive indicators of the questionnaire's distinguishing capability. The Cronbach's α coefficients for frequency and degree of ocular symptoms, impact on daily life, and summary score were 0.736, 0.704, 0.811, 0.818, 0.861, and 0.860, respectively, and the ICC were 0.611, 0.677, 0.715, 0.769, 0.711, and 0.779, respectively. All I-CVI scores ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, with an S-CVI/Ave of 0.956. Confirmatory factor analysis results exhibited a well-fitting model consistent with the original questionnaire [χ 2/df=2.653, incremental fit index (IFI)=0.924, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.924, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI)=0.909, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.065]. There was a moderate positive correlation between the DEQS-CHN and the Chinese dry eye questionnaire (r 2=0.588). The dry eye group demonstrated significantly higher scores compared to the control group, and the area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.8092. The DEQS-CHN has been demonstrated as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the impact of dry eye disease on the quality of life among Chinese individuals with DED.

Development and Evaluation of the DMIND Questionnaire: Preparing for AI Integration into an Effective Depression Screening Tool

Objective: Thailand’s mental health crisis is exacerbated by high demand and a shortage of mental health professionals. The research objective was to develop and validate the Detection and Monitoring Intelligence Network for Depression (DMIND) questionnaire, designed to be culturally relevant and easily administered in clinical settings. Crafted with expert input, items specifically conducive to artificial intelligence (AI) analysis were selected to facilitate the future development of an AI-assisted depression scoring model. This approach underscores the tool’s dual utility in both human-led and technology-enhanced diagnostics. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 81 participants from psychiatric and tertiary care hospitals in Bangkok. Participants were assessed using the DMIND questionnaire, followed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17). Statistical analyses included the content validity index (CVI), Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Cohen’s kappa, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The Liu method, Youden index, and nearest neighbor method were used to determine the optimal cut-off point Results: The DMIND questionnaire showed strong validity, with an item-level CVI (I-CVI) and scale-level CVI (S-CVI) exceeding 1.0, indicating strong consensus on its relevance and utility. The tool also demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.96). ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.88, indicating high accuracy in depression screening. An optimal cut-off score of 11.5 was identified, balancing predictive value and sensitivity. Conclusion: The DMIND questionnaire represents a significant advancement in innovative mental health diagnostics, addressing unmet clinical needs by providing accurate and efficient assessments capable of AI integration for further enhancing mental health service delivery in Thailand.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the empowerment scale of pregnant women in China context: An integrative method of translation and linguistic validation.

To translate the Empowerment Scale for Pregnant Women (ESPW) into Chinese and to assess its linguistic validity. The integrative method of the translation process, the Delphi technique, and cognitive interviews were used to implement cross-cultural adaptation and enhance comprehensibility and linguistic validation. This study recruited 14 experts in the expert review and cognitively reviewed 15 pregnant women. The two-round Delphi method created agreement on cultural applicability. The results of content validity achieved good levels: The item-level content validity index (CVI) ranged from 0.78 to 1.00, and the scale-level content validity index, calculated using two different formulas, were 0.97 and 0.81, respectively. Kappa values ranged from 0.74 to 1.00. Pregnant women could understand most of the items and response options in the cognitive interview. The revisions to the wording were made based on suggestions from experts and pregnant women. The prefinal simplified Chinese ESPW was semantically and conceptually equivalent to the English version, which was well prepared for further psychometric tests in the next stage of cross-cultural adaptation. This comprehensive method successfully developed a Chinese tool to measure the empowerment of pregnant women, indicating the international applicability of this tool and the methodological scientific nature. The simplified Chinese ESPW has the potential to support the identification of empowerment levels of pregnant women and the evaluation of the effectiveness of health education and promotion programmes.

Generation and content validation of physical and vocational rehabilitation in paraplegics: An interview guide

BACKGROUND: As the mainstay treatment for paraplegics is rehabilitation, patient satisfaction and experience are important predictors of the care being provided. To understand whether the current arrangements of rehabilitation services are sufficient to help an individual with paraplegia return to a productive life. Patient-centered interview guides to explore their rehabilitation experience are lacking, which calls for a generation of the same. OBJECTIVE: To generate and validate an interview guide (PVR-PIG), which aims at understanding and exploring the experience of physical and vocational rehabilitation for individuals with paraplegia. METHODS: After an extensive literature search, an initial 27-item interview guide was formulated under three domains: general experience and expectations from rehabilitation care; physical rehabilitation experience, barriers, and facilitators; and vocational rehabilitation. Later, it was sent for content validation to a multidisciplinary expert panel with prior experience in spinal cord injury (SCI) management. RESULTS: After suggestions were received from nine experts with an average of 14 years of experience in dealing with SCI, a 15-item interview guide was finalized, with a scale-level and item-level content validity index of 0.897 and 0.78–1, respectively. CONCLUSION: The generated interview guide (PVR-PIG) aimed to explore physical and vocational rehabilitation experiences in paraplegics was found to be valid.

Psychometric evaluation of the Afaan Oromo version of the exclusive breastfeeding social support scale among Ethiopian women

ProblemThere is a lack of validated tools for assessing social support for Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) practice in Ethiopia. BackgroundValidating instruments ensures culturally appropriate and reliable data collection for effective research and interventions. AimThis study aimed to translate the exclusive breastfeeding social support scale into the Afaan Oromo language (EBFSS-AO) and test its psychometric properties among Ethiopian women. MethodsThe scale was first subjected to forward and backward translation before undergoing psychometric evaluation. Then, a cross-sectional study was conducted on convenience sample of 160 postpartum women. Content validity was assessed via Content Validity Index (CVI), and construct validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with maximum likelihood estimation. The scale's reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). FindingsThe CFA verified that the EBFSS-AO for Ethiopian women is a three-dimensional scale with satisfactory fit indices; x2/df: 2.76; Comparative fit index: 0.917; Tucker-Lewis Index: 0.902; Standardized Root Mean square residual: 0.061; and Root mean square error of approximation: 0.105. Item-level CVI ranged from 0.86 to 1.00, and scale-level CVI was 0.98. The overall scale had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95 while instrumental, emotional, and informational support subscales had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89, 0.92, and 0.93 respectively. After a 4-week re-test, the ICC yielded a value of 0.94. Partner support on EBF showed no socio-demographic differences except for income. ConclusionThe EBFSS-AO showed satisfactory psychometric properties, suitable for assessing social support among Ethiopian women in both research and clinical contexts.

Development of a Simple Patient-reported Outcome Measurement for Terminally Ill Cancer Patients Receiving Home-based Palliative Care.

To develop a patient-reported outcome measurement for terminally ill cancer patients (PROMs-TCP) receiving home-based palliative care, which is valid, reliable and easy to use by patients or caregivers to indicate urgent needs for assistance from the care team. Three-step approach consisting of literature review, focus groups and questionnaire testing. 169 terminally ill cancer patients who received palliative care at Cancer hospital, tertiary-care hospital and university school of medicine in Thailand. The PROMs-TCP comprised five key questions with a total score of 10 and one supplemental question. PROMs-TCP was tested for content validity, internal consistency and inter-rater reliability, criterion validity, discriminant validity and sensitivity to change. The palliative care outcome scale (POS) was used as an indicator. PROMs-TCP consists of five questions. The item-level content validity index (CVI) ranged from 0.8 to 1, and the scale-level CVI was 0.97. PROMs-TCP correlated well with POS scores, with correlations ranging from -0.7 to -0.8. Internal consistency was good (Cronbach's α = 0.85), while inter-rater agreements between patients and caregivers and between patients and nurses were moderate to good (Cohen's weighted k = 0.69-0.87). The tool could reasonably discriminate terrible days from good days for the patients. It was also responsive to change scores, with effect size scores of 0.36. PROMs-TCP could be used for daily health status assessment of home-based patients with terminally ill cancer, supporting the provision of palliative care in primary care settings.

CALL TO ECLS-Acronym for Reporting Patients for Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Procedure from Prehospital Setting to Destination Centers.

The acronym CALL TO ECLS has been proposed as a potential tool to support decision-making in critical communication moments when qualifying a patient for the ECPR procedure. The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of the acronym and validate its content. Validation is crucial to ensure that the acronym is theoretically correct and includes the necessary information that must be conveyed by EMS during the qualification of a patient with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest for ECMO. A survey was conducted using the LimeSurvey platform through the Survey Research System of the Jagiellonian University Medical College over a 6-month period (from December 2022 to May 2023). Usefulness, importance, clarity, and unambiguity were rated on a 4-point Likert scale, from 1 (not useful, not important, unclear, ambiguous) to 4 (useful, important, clear, unambiguous). On the 4-point scale, the Content Validity Index (I-CVI) was calculated as the percentage of subject matter experts who rated the criterion as having a level of importance/clarity/validity/uniqueness of 3 or 4. The Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI) based on the average method was computed as the average of I-CVI scores (S-CVI-AVE) for all considered criteria (protocol). The number of fully completed surveys by experts was 35, and partial completion was obtained in 63 cases. All criteria were deemed significant/useful, with I-CVI coefficients ranging from 0.87 to 0.97. Similarly, the importance of all criteria was confirmed, as all I-CVI coefficients were greater than 0.78 (ranging from 0.83 to 0.97). The average I-CVI score for the ten considered criteria in terms of usefulness/significance and importance exceeded 0.9, indicating high validity of the tool/protocol/acronym. Based on the survey results and analysis of responses provided by experts, a second version was created, incorporating additional explanations. In Criterion 10, an explanation was added-"Signs of life"-during conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ROSC, motor response during CPR). It has been shown that the acronym CALL TO ECLS, according to experts, is accurate and contains the necessary content, and can serve as a system to facilitate communication between the pre-hospital environment and specialized units responsible for qualifying patients for the ECPR.

Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Content Validity of the Saudi Sign Language Version of the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire.

Profoundly hearing-impaired individuals lack health-promotion education on healthy lifestyles, and this may be due to communication barriers and limited awareness of available resources. Therefore, providing understandable healthy eating knowledge and a proper education evaluation via a questionnaire is vital. The present study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the content of a Saudi sign language version of the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ). The study followed the World Health Organization guidelines for the translation and cultural adaptation of the GNKQ, using two-phase translation (from English into Arabic and then from Arabic into Saudi sign language), including forward-translation, back-translation, and pilot testing among profoundly hearing-impaired individuals. A total of 48 videos were recorded to present the GNKQ in Saudi sign language. The scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) value was equal to 0.96, and the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) value for all questions was between 1 and 0.9, except for question 6 in section 1, which was 0.6; this discrepancy was due to religious, social, and cultural traditions. The translation, cultural adaptation, and content validity of the Saudi sign language version of the GNKQ were satisfactory. Further studies are needed to validate other measurement properties of the present translated version of this questionnaire.

Preliminary development and validation of the Indonesian Pediatric Epilepsy Questionnaire (INA-PEPSI) to determine epilepsy and distinguish focal and generalized epilepsy in infants and children with unprovoked seizure in low-resource settings.

To outline the preliminary development and validation of a questionnaire for diagnosing epilepsy and distinguishing focal and generalized epilepsy among infants and children in Indonesia, where electroencephalography and pediatric neurologists are generally not available. A 10-question questionnaire comprising of 43 items was developed through literature review and expert panel discussions. Then, the questionnaire was administered by pediatricians to 75 children aged 1 month to 18 years old presenting with >1 episode of unprovoked seizures at an interval of >24 h. Subsequently, the questionnaire was assessed for content validity with item-level and scale-level content validity indices and ratio, construct validity with item-total correlation tests, criterion validity with diagnostic parameter assessments, and inter-rater reliability using Cohen's kappa (κ) and internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha (α) coefficient. The questionnaire exhibited favorable internal validity and reliability in diagnosing epilepsy and distinguishing focal and generalized epilepsy, with excellent content (both indices and ratio at 1) and construct validity (rcount > rtable at p < 0.001), inter-rater reliability (κ = 0.86 and κ = 0.84), and internal consistency (α = 0.634 and α = 0.806). The questionnaire had a sensitivity and specificity of 96.4% (95%CI 89.1-99.5%) and 95.0% (79.5-99.6%) (area under the curve [AUC] 0.946 [0.900-0.992, p < 0.001]) in diagnosing epilepsy and 80.0% (57.4-95.7%) and 97.4% (89.7-99.2%) (AUC 0.889 [0.783-0.995, p < 0.001]) in distinguishing focal and generalized epilepsy, with a misdiagnosis rate of 4.0%. The questionnaire shows promising potential in diagnosing epilepsy and distinguishing focal and generalized epilepsy. Further external validation studies in larger and more diverse populations are required to confirm our findings. The diagnosis of epilepsy in children is challenging, particularly in resource-limited settings such as Indonesia, where advanced diagnostic tests and pediatric neurologists are scarce. The Indonesian Pediatric Epilepsy Questionnaire (INA-PEPSI) is designed to address these limitations by enabling healthcare professionals in Indonesia to diagnose epilepsy and classify its types without relying on advanced diagnostic tools. Although the questionnaire is still in the early stages of development and validation, this study demonstrates that the questionnaire exhibits good overall diagnostic performance in diagnosing epilepsy and distinguishing epilepsy types among Indonesian children.

Development And Content Validation Of An Indigenous Diagnostic Questionnaire Of Intellectual Disability

Even though in the last decade, there has been a considerable increase in the prevalence of intellectual disability in Pakistan, there is scarcity of indigenous standardized diagnostic questionnaire for intellectual disability. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the content validity of the Indigenous Diagnostic Questionnaire of Intellectual Disability (IDQID) [1]designed in accordance with the Pakistani society’s norms. IDQID was designed to diagnose intellectual disability for 6-18 years old. Mixed method research design was used in the development and content validation phase. Purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit participants for expert panel review (n=10). Content validity index was used to assess the relevance and representativeness of the questionnaire. The scale level content validity index by averaging calculation method and by universal agreement method was 0.87 and 0.209 respectively. A total of 168 items with I-CVI greater than or equal to 0.78 were retained. Given the time efficient, cost effective and multidimensional nature of the questionnaire, mental health practitioners should use this questionnaire to evaluate intellectual disability in children.