Scale-level Content Validity Index Research Articles

Educative booklet for elders with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Consistently following and practicing the instructions given in the educational booklets helps in the disease awareness and its management.Methods: The study was developed by formulating the booklet content; content selection and source reference; framing the content; artfully crafting the pictures; booklet layout; approval by the specialist and audience; modifying and proofreading. For content validation, the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) score and scale level content validity index (S-CVI) score of minimum 0.80 was considered.Results: The booklet was created by focusing on 5 main aspects namely information about the disease and the importance about the lifestyle changes, exercises, advices that needs to be considered while exercising, footcare and fall prevention techniques. The recommendations made by the experts and the participants were accepted and incorporated in the booklet. The mean I-CVI and S-CVI scores are >0.90. The booklet was easy to read, understand and apply by the experts and participants.Conclusions: The results indicated that validated booklet can be considered as a useful educational tool for promoting the wellness among the elders with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Adherence Questionnaire: Psychometric Validation among Sexually Transmitted Infection Patients in China.

Background: Ensuring adherence guarantees the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 816 sexually transmitted infection (STI) patients in Shanghai. The questionnaire included self-reported demographic characteristics, self-administered items on adherence to free oral PrEP, and PrEP uptake behavior measurement. We conducted item analysis, reliability analysis, validity analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Not all items were considered acceptable in the item analysis. The questionnaire had a McDonald’s ω coefficient of 0.847. The scale-level content validity index (CVI) was 0.938 and the item-level CVI of each item ranged from 0.750 to 1. In exploratory factor analysis, we introduced a four-factor model accounting for 79.838% of the aggregate variance, which was validated in confirmatory factor analysis. Adding PrEP adherence questionnaire scores contributed to prediction of PrEP uptake behavior (p < 0.001) in regression analysis. The maximum area under the ROC curve was 0.778 (95% IC: 0.739–0.817). Conclusion: The PrEP adherence questionnaire presented psychometric validation among STI patients.

Development and validation of tool to assess the perception, expectation & satisfaction about the patient care services provided by the community pharmacist

Problem consideredApart from dispensing of medicines, the new generation community pharmacists are engaged in various extended community pharmacy services. The main endorsement of these services primarily depends on understanding the end-users’ views about the quality of care provided. However, there are no validated tools available that can assess these parameters. MethodsTherefore, we aimed to develop and validate a tool that can assess the perceptions, expectations and satisfactions of patient care services provided by the community pharmacist. Following a comprehensive literature search, a thirty-two-item scale was developed and was subjected for content validation. ResultsThe item level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale level content validity index (S-CVI) was found to be 80%. The Cronbach's alpha score was 0.8, suggesting a satisfactory co-efficient of reliability. ConclusionThe scale to assess the perceptions, expectations and satisfactions of patient care services provided by the community pharmacist was developed and validated.

Swasthya Assessment Scale (SAS)-Ayurveda based health assessment tool-insights on its development and validation.

Ayurveda has a unique way of understanding the body, health, and diseases. Various determinants, including biological, ecological, medical, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, and metaphysical factors, which depend on each other, have their role in determining health in Ayurveda. Currently, no validated health assessment scale, based on the principles of Ayurveda is available. This article, for the first time, reports the development, validation, and reliability testing of the Swasthya assessment scale - a health assessment tool developed in Ayurveda. A thorough literature search and expert consultations were done to draft the items encompassing the concept of health in Ayurveda. A group of experts assessed the content validity of the drafted items. Cognitive de-briefing and pretesting were performed to modify the language and the content again. Reliability testing was done with an inter-observer agreement in a sample of 183 individuals. The content validity index for items and the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) were calculated. S-CVI for scale was excellent, with 85% agreement. The S-CVI/universal agreement was 0.45, and S-CVI/Average was 0.95. In inter-rater reliability, the percentage agreement was 73.7%. Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.808 showing a strong correlation. Following appropriate validation, the scale can be widely used in clinical practice to assess the patient's health status, guide the treatment plans, and monitor the progress of the health. It can also be used as a sensitive tool in the research of Ayurveda to assess the changes in patients brought about by Ayurveda interventions.

Development and Validation of Questionnaire Measuring Registered Nurses' Competencies, Beliefs, Facilitators, Barriers, and Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP-CBFRI).

Consideration needs to be given to a variety of factors that influence the implementation of evidence-based nursing practice (EBNP). This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire that measures registered nurses' competencies, beliefs, facilitators, barriers, and implementation of EBNP. Methodological cross-sectional study in which 612 registered nurses were selected by convenient sampling. A panel of six experts evaluated the content validity of the first draft of the EBPCBFRI questionnaire. The final questionnaire was made up of 55 items. Reliability was determined by means of internal consistency. Construct, convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity was assessed. The questionnaire has proven acceptable reliability and validity when used with registered nurses. The scale-level content validity index was .92. Cronbach's α coefficient for the total questionnaire was .87. Exploratory factor analysis supported five significant factors that explained 64.8% of the variance.

Chinese version of the Mann assessment of swallowing ability-oral cancer: revision and evaluation of reliability and validity

Objective: To translate and revise the Mann assessment of swallowing ability-cancer (MASA-C) into Chinese according to postoperative patients with oral cancer and to evaluate the reliability and validity of Mann assessment of swallowing ability-oral cancer (MASA-OC) in postoperative patients with oral cancer. Methods: The MASA-C was translated into Chinese through pre-translation, reconciliation and back translation, then the Chinese MASA-C was revised to MASA-OC according to postoperative patients with oral cancer by expert panel and pre-investigation. One hundred and seven patients recieved oral cancer surgery in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were selected by convenient sampling and investigated to evaluate the reliability and validity of the MASA-OC. The volume viscosity swallow test (V-VST) was used to determine the best diagnosis threshold of MASA-OC for dysphagia. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated and analyzed. Results: The Chinese MASA-OC contained 15 items. The Cronbach's coefficient was 0.868. The content validity showed that the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) was 1.00, the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) was 1.00 and the intraclass correlation coefficient between the researchers and the other reviewers was 0.985. The best diagnosis threshold of MASA-OC for dysphagia was 105, the sensitivity was 95.0%, the specificity was 92.5%, the positive predictive value was 97.4% and the negative predictive value was 86.2%. Conclusions: The introduction process of MASA-OC was scientific. MASA-OC showed good reliability and validity and reliable diagnostic efficacy MASA-OC could be used as an effective tool for scientific research and clinical practice of dysphagia in postoperative patients of oral cancer.

The Development of an Assessment Rubric for the Core and Contingency Team Interaction Among Rapid Response Teams.

Teamwork training is critical in the development of high-functioning rapid response teams (RRT). Rapid response teams involve interactions between a patient's core care team and a hospital contingency team, which can lead to disorganized and unsafe resuscitations, largely due to problems with communication and information dissemination. An extensive literature search found no assessment tools specific to the unique communicative challenges of an RRT, and thus, this study sought to develop an assessment rubric validated for training RRTs. This study elucidates the development, implementation, and testing of an RRT rubric based on Kane's framework for validating testing instruments. Twenty-four inpatient code teams underwent team training using a Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) didactic, an online module on the TeamSTEPPS RRT program, and a subsequent presimulation and postsimulation experience. Two raters were randomized to give a bedside assessment for each team using the proposed RRT rubric. Simulation scores were assessed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Interrater reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. These analyses were then used to argue Kane's scoring, generalization, and extrapolation inferences. All teams significantly improved from the presimulation to postsimulation scenarios across all TeamSTEPPS domains. Content validity was obtained from 5 resuscitation experts with a scale-level content validity index of 0.9, with individual content validity index of 0.8 to 1.0. Intraclass correlation coefficient for "pre" scores were 0.856 (n = 24, P < 0.001), "post" scores of 0.738 (n = 24, P < 0.001), and a total of 0.890 (n = 48, P < 0.001). The authors argue for the validity of a new RRT rubric based off Kane's framework, with a specific focus on teamwork training to improve coordination and function of core and contingency teams. A follow-up study with longitudinal data along with external validation of this rubric is needed.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of revised WHO-ILAR-COPCORD core English questionnaire translated to Bangla.

The Community-Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) is intended to reduce the information deficit about the epidemiology of rheumatic diseases, particularly in rural communities in high-income countries. Multiple studies have been conducted using the WHO-International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR)-COPCORD core questionnaire in Bangladesh using the translated version in the Bangla language. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the questionnaire are important to achieve better outcomes. To develop a culturally adapted, valid, and reliable Bangla version of the WHO-ILAR-COPCORD Core English Questionnaire to use as a rheumatic screening instrument among Bangla-speaking people. The original English WHO-ILAR-COPCORD questionnaire was translated into Bangla and adapted in the local socio-cultural context maintaining idiomatic, semantic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence between the English and Bangla versions. Pretesting was carried out among 30 patients and healthy attendants, following standard international recommendations. Content validity of the adapted Bangla version was assessed by the item- and scale-level content validity indices (I-CVI and S-CVI). The adapted Bangla version of the WHO-ILAR-COPCORD questionnaire was used to assess 120 patients with rheumatic problems and healthy individuals. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. The Bangla version of the WHO-ILAR-COPCORD questionnaire showed excellent content validity (I-CVI=1, S-CVI=1). The test-retest reliability was also acceptable (intraclass correlation coefficient>0.7). The adapted Bangla version of the WHO-ILAR-COPCORD questionnaire demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties, in terms of content validity and test-retest reliability, for evaluating rheumatic problems in Bangladeshi patients.

Development and Validation of a Nutritional Risk Screening Scale for Stroke Patients

IntroductionStroke is a global health problem, and around 62% of stroke patients suffer from malnutrition due to dysphagia, eating speed, or stress response. This study aimed to develop a Nutritional Risk Screening Scale for Stroke Patients (NRSS-SP).Material and methodsIn the current study we construct a theoretical framework by combining stroke characteristics, the risk factors of malnutrition in stroke patients, and clinical experience. Then, using the Delphi method, we formed a pool for entries and combined the opinions and suggestions discussed by experts in a research team. Next, we collected all of the data and information, categorized, merged, and split the pool of entry items' contents. Finally, we formed a pretest scale comprising 11 items after scoring their importance.ResultsThe pretest NRSS-SP comprised 10 items in three fields: physical, psychological, and independence. The score was assigned to each factor according to the evaluation results. (e.g., Disease severity, serum albumin and dysphagia: Score 3, age ≥70 years: Score 1). The cumulative effect of four factors (depression, anxiety, serum level of albumin, and body mass index (BMI)) was 65.512%. The item-level Content Validity Index (CVI) of the NRSS-SP ranged from 0.081 to 1.000, and the scale-level CVI was 0.912. The coefficient of Cronbach’s α ranged from 0.822 to 0.911.ConclusionsAn NRSS-SP (including National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, BMI, serum level of albumin, recent weight loss, recent food intake, dysphagia, age, depression, anxiety, and Barthel Index) score ≥6.5 was classified as a malnourishment risk; an NRSS-SP score &lt;6.5 denoted normal nutrition.

The development of the Western Australian Haemodialysis Vascular Access Complexity instrument.

BackgroundThe Western Australian Haemodialysis Vascular Access Classification instrument was developed to classify the cannulation complexity of the arteriovenous fistula or arteriovenous graft as simple, challenging, or complex. Although the instrument was developed by experts in haemodialysis nursing, the instrument had not undergone formal validity or reliability testing.ObjectivesEvaluate the Western Australian Haemodialysis Vascular Access Classification instrument for content validity, interrater and test–retest reliability.DesignProspective cohort study.ParticipantsContent validity was assessed by haemodialysis nursing experts (n = 8). The reliability testing occurred in one in‐centre and one satellite haemodialysis unit in Western Australia from September to November 2019. Reliability testing was performed by 38 haemodialysis nurses in 67 patients receiving haemodialysis and 247 episodes of cannulation.MeasurementsInterrater and test–retest reliability assessment was conducted using κ, adjusted κ, Bland–Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficient and Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsThe final version of the instrument (n = 20 items) had individual item‐level content validity indices ranging from 0.625 to 1.00 with a scale‐level content validity index of 0.89. For both interrater (n = 172 pairs) and test–retest (n = 101 pairs), most individual variables had excellent adjusted κ (n = 33 variables), some fair to good agreement (n = 6 variables) and one variable with poor agreement. The classification of simple, challenging and complex demonstrated adjusted κ of fair to good, to excellent agreement for interrater reliability with lower levels of agreement for test–retest reliability.ConclusionsThis instrument may be used to match a competency‐assessed nurse to perform the cannulation thereby minimising the risk of missed cannulation and trauma.

Translation and Psychometric Testing of the Indonesian Version of the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale

Background: Although many previous studies have used the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale (PCS), it has not been translated and validated in Indonesia. Purpose: This study aimed to translate and evaluate the PCS’s psychometric adequacy among family caregiver of non-communicable disease (NCD) patients in Indonesia. Methods: The linguistic of the PCS was validated using a standard forward-backward process. The Indonesian version was approved with Content Validity Index (CVI). Then a cross-sectional survey was conducted to establish the construct validity of the PCS to measure caregiver preparedness. A purposive sampling approach was used to recruit 40 consenting family caregivers of NCD patients. The PCS sum score was correlated with each item using Pearson product-moment. The internal consistency of the Indonesian version of the PCS (I-PCS) was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The Item-CVI (I-CVI) and Scale-level CVI (S-CVI) of the I-PCS were 1.00. It showed the high content validity of the I-PCS. The I-PCS revealed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.933 for the total score. The Pearson-r was more than 0.320 indicated that the item valid. Conclusion: The I-PCS is appeared to be valid and reliable for measuring the caregiver preparedness of NCD patients in Indonesia.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Hong Kong-Chinese Version of Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI(HK))

This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Hong Kong-Chinese version of the Vocal fatigue index (VFI(HK)). The original English version of the Vocal fatigue index (VFI) was translated and adapted to the VFI(HK). A total of 206 subjects (87 in the Fatigue group and 119 in the Control group) completed the VFI(HK) and validity, reliability and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were analysed. The VFI(HK) exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties. It showed good content validity (scale-level content validity indices ≥ 0.842) and excellent internal consistency (Part 1: α = 0.945, Part 2: α = 0.914, Part 3: α = 0.951). Parts 1 and 2 of the questionnaire showed good construct validity (Part 1: t(204) = 5.743, P < 0.001; Part 2: t(204) = 5.049, P < 0.001). Test-retest reliability ranged from acceptable (Part 3: Ρ = 0.702) to good (Part 1: Ρ = 0.885, Part 2: Ρ = 0.827). ROC curves showed acceptable and close-to-acceptable intrinsic accuracies for Parts 1 (Aera under curve (AUC) = 0.712) and 2 (AUC = 0.694) respectively. Cutoff scores of 25 and 10 are suggested for Parts 1 and 2 respectively. The VFI(HK) is a valid and sensitive assessment tool. It may be adopted to identify individuals with vocal fatigue in the Hong Kong-Chinese population.

Development and validation of the information needs questionnaire for differentiated thyroid cancer patient with radioactive iodine therapy (INQ-DTC).

AimsThis study aimed to develop and validate the psychometric properties of Information Needs Questionnaire for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (INQ‐DTC) in DTC patients with radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy.DesignMixed methods.MethodsUsing qualitative methods, we developed the initial questionnaire from a personal perspective of information needs of 15 patients with DTC. We used a formal Delphi consensus process to help assess the initial questionnaire and provide recommendations for its application. Totally, 230 DTC patients with RAI therapy were selected for the process of validation.ResultsThe final version of INQ‐DTC contains 33 items. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.945, the total split‐half reliability was 0.822, and the test‐retest value was 0.984 for the overall score. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 factors, which could explain 61.86% of the total variance. The Scale‐level content validity index (S‐CVI) was 0.928, and 0.929 for the item‐level content validity index (I‐CVI).

Design and development of the home healthcare worker observation tool.

The rapidly growing number of home healthcare workers (HHCW) are exposed to unique occupational hazards within each patient home. This article describes the development of an observation tool to document occupational hazards HHCWs encounter. Tool development followed three steps: determining content domain, content validity, and inter-rater agreement. Expert feedback guided the revision of content domain to 636 items. Scale level content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.90. Inter-rater agreement tests resulted in percent agreement and accuracy mean of 89.5% and frequency variables resulted in standard deviations from 0 to 8.62. The observation tool encompasses the diverse range of occupational hazards HHCWs encounter; inter-rater percent agreement and overall accuracy scores were acceptable. Future pilot testing of this tool among broader raters and populations is recommended to characterize its usability, internal consistency, and reliability to assess HHCW occupational hazards.

Development and psychometric evaluation of a behavioral marker system for circulating nurse's non-technical skills

BackgroundNon-technical skills are essential to the performance of circulating nurses. Assessment of these skills is important because using them can improve patient safety. This study aimed to develop a behavioral marker system to assess circulating nurse's non-technical skills. MethodsIn the first step, the item pool was developed based on a literature review, semi-structured interviews, and task analysis. Then the validity of the tool was evaluated using face, content, and construct validity methods. The reliability was checked using internal homogeneity, consistency, and inter-rater agreement methods. ResultsThe face validity was confirmed by subject matter experts. The scale level content validity index was at an acceptable level (S-CVI=0. 93). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods confirmed the construct validity. The final version of the tool contained 43 items. All fit indices were at an acceptable level. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the tool was 0.86. The intra-class correlation for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were 0.92 and 0.94, respectively. ConclusionThe circulating practitioner list of non-technical skills is a valid and reliable tool. The tool can be used to assess the quality of services provided by circulating nurses.

Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Chinese Version of Miller Behavioral Style Scale

BackgroundHealth education basing on patients’ information-seeking styles can improve the effectiveness of health education and patients’ health outcomes. The Miller Behavioral Style Scale (MBSS) is widely used to identify individual’s information-seeking styles, but the Chinese version is lacking. The study aim was to translate and culturally adapt the MBSS into Chinese version and test the content validity, construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the Chinese version of MBSS (C-MBSS).MethodsThe forward-back-translation procedure was adopted in the translation of the MBSS. Content validity was assessed in a panel of experts. In a sample of 1343 individuals including patients, patients’ caregivers, university students, and medical staff, reliability and construct validity were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and factor analysis. The measurement invariance across samples was tested using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA). Floor and ceiling effects were checked.ResultsThe C-MBSS achieved conceptual and semantic equivalence with the original scale. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) of each item ranged from 0.78 to 1, and the averaging scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/ Ave) was 0.95. The exploratory factor analysis resulted in 2-factor assumption for each hypothetical threat-evoking scenario. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good fit between theoretical model and data, which provided confirmatory evidence for the second-order factor structure of 2-factor solution (Monitoring and Blunting). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the Monitoring and Blunting sub-scales of the C-MBSS were 0.75 and 0.62 respectively. MGCFA results supported the measurement invariance for the Monitoring sub-scale of the C-MBSS across samples. No floor or ceiling effects occurred.ConclusionsThis study indicates that the C-MBSS has good content and construct validity. The Monitoring sub-scale of the C-MBSS had acceptable internal consistency reliability while the Blunting sub-scale had unsatisfactory one, which suggest that the Monitoring sub-scale of the C-MBSS can be used to identify individuals’ information-seeking styles in Chinese contexts across different populations.

Respiratory Distress Observation Scale Italian Version: Cultural-Linguistic Validation and Psychometric Properties.

Dyspnea can be assessed using self-rating scales but, as death approaches, self-reporting becomes difficult. The validated Respiratory Distress Observation Scale measures dyspnea distress. The aim of this study was to develop the Italian version of the Respiratory Distress Observation Scale and to examine its psychometric properties. This was a cross-sectional study, analyzing cultural and linguistic validation, content validity, and psychometric properties. Eighty-nine palliative care subjects were enrolled to validate the Italian version of the Respiratory Distress Observation Scale. Patients had an average age of 74.5 (SD, 11.6) years, and 52% (n = 46) were female. Fourteen experts in palliative care evaluated the Italian Respiratory Distress Observation Scale in terms of the content validity ratio and the content validity index (CVI). The Italian Respiratory Distress Observation Scale was reported with an internal consistency (Cronbach α value) of .72 and an overall substantial interrater reliability (Cohen κ method). The Italian Respiratory Distress Observation Scale achieved a scale-level CVI of 93%, an items-level CVI of greater than 86%, and a minimum content validity ratio value of 0.71. A weak positive correlation was found between the Respiratory Distress Observation Scale and the Dyspnea Visual Analog Scale scores (0.374; P < .001). The Italian Respiratory Distress Observation Scale showed good reliability and validity for patients in palliative care. The Respiratory Distress Observation Scale measured respiratory distress in patients nearest to death.

Developing the Nausea and Vomiting Thermometer Scale in children with cancer.

This study aimed to develop the Nausea and Vomiting Thermometer Scale (NVTS) in children with cancer. This methodological study was conducted on 250 children with cancer at the research and training university hospital in Turkey between September 2019 and January 2020. The t-test, the ROC analysis, the Diagnostic index, and the Youden index were used for determining the scale of the cutting point. The regression analysis, the intra-class correlation coefficient, and the BlandAltman analysis were used for the data analysis. The scale-level content validity index was .94, which was coherent. As a result of the ROC analysis, the cut-off point was determined as three points. The NVTS showed good reliability, with an intra-class correlation coefficient of .99. In the linear regression analysis, a model was created for chemotherapy drugs, nausea and vomiting type, vomiting status, and the number of children with cancer who vomited explained 44.9% of their nausea and vomiting status. The results of the Bland-Altman analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between the differences and the means was insignificant.

Psychometric Properties of the Health Empowerment Scale Arabic Version for Working Women in Saudi Arabia.

In a country such as Saudi Arabia where gender equality-related challenges continue to be social issues, measuring the health empowerment of Saudi working women is critical in understanding the real picture of women empowerment in the country during this era of great transformation. Therefore, we conducted this research to evaluate psychometric properties of the Health Empowerment Scale Arabic version (HES-A) in measuring the health empowerment of Saudi working women. We surveyed a sample of 322 Saudi working women from June to August 2020 using an online survey constituting questions on demographic and work-related information and the HES-A. The computed values for the item-level content validity index of the 8 scale items were from .80 and 1.00, whereas the computed value of the scale-level content validity index by average method was .91. The principal component and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a unidimentional scale. The computation revealed an alpha of .92. Education, type of employment, years of working experience, and salary were identified as significant factors influencing the health empowerment. The HES-A exhibited adequate validity and internal consistency for use in measuring the health empowerment of Saudi women. The HES-A can expand the research agenda on health empowerment Arab women. Researchers and policymakers could use the HES-A in assessing the status of health empowerment of Arabic-speaking women, which could inform policies and interventions aimed at ensuring health empowered women in this part of the globe.

Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the bullying behaviours instrument in nursing education

ObjectivesThis study assesses the psychometric properties of the Bullying Behaviors in Nursing Education Arabic (BBNE-A) version when used among nursing students. MethodsWe adopted a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study design and selected a convenience sample of 189 nursing students in a governmental university in KSA. We utilised an online survey to collect data between January and March 2020. The item-level content validity index and scale-level content validity index utilising the averaging method were used for content validity. The Cronbach's alpha and the intra-class correlation coefficient for the test-retest reliability were used for statistical analysis. We performed a principal component analysis with varimax rotation for construct validity. ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were utilised to determine the association of variables. ResultsThe analysis revealed three distinct factors explaining 59.7% of the variance. The overall Cronbach's alpha of BBNE-A was 0.886. The three factors ranged from 0.716 to 0.847. For the test-retest reliability, the ICC of the overall scale was 0.939. There was a significant difference in the BBNE-A overall scores in different years of study (F = 3.57, p = .030). A significant difference was also observed in the BBNE-A scores regarding positions in the family. ConclusionIn our study, the BBNE-A demonstrated acceptable content and constructed psychometric properties. This tool can be utilised to accurately assess the bullying behaviours experienced by nursing students in KSA. The results can provide a basis for developing an anti-bullying guideline to make an optimistic, harmless clinical learning milieu in promoting nursing students’ self-esteem and professional engagement.