Saturation Theory Research Articles

Agro-Ecotourism as a Model for Rural Development in the Mountains Region: Amedy Region as Case Study

Objective: This study aims to examine the determinants and indicators of Amedy's region competitiveness to identify the optimal model for rural development via tourism. Theoretical Framework: Rural tourism has emerged as a controversial topic within rural development. The combination of the decline of agriculture, the rise of tourism, and the need for economic diversification necessitates the creation of a new rural development model that ensures both economic diversification and environmental conservation. Method: Qualitative data was acquired from a local perspective through semi-structured interviews based on saturation theory. Thematic analysis was performed on interview transcriptions from 81 rural inhabitants to identify key themes Results and Discussion: The results confirmed that Agro-ecotourism is the best model of rural tourism devlopmnet in mountain region. The growth in local agricultural sales and increased tourist numbers are markers of economic prosperity. The region's agricultural goods and natural resources are key factors influencing rural competitiveness; nevertheless, climate change, conflicts over water and land, and poor governance have negatively affected their management. The interplay between security and accessibility obstructs rural tourism development. The study revealed direct and indirect relationships between the variables, suggesting that inadequacies in one area impact the others. Research Implications: Rural areas with similar environmental, economic, and cultural challenges can utilize the findings as an integrative model for preserving agricultural identity and natural resources. Originality/Value: The model is novel and has not been previously observed in Iraq and Kurdistan.

Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan pada Human Initiative Depok

This study aims to determine the Effect of Workload and Organizational Commitment on Employee Loyalty at Human Initiative Depok. This study uses a quantitative method with a sample used in this study as many as 53 respondents. The sampling technique uses saturated sample theory. Data collection uses the SPSS 26 program. Data analysis uses validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, regression analysis, determination coefficient analysis in hypothesis testing. The results of the study and hypothesis show that the value of the regression equation Y = 30.121 + 0.361 X1 T test obtained a t count value> t table or (2.728> 1.675) and with a p value <Sig. 0.050 or (0.050 <= 0.090). Thus H01 is rejected and Ha1 is accepted, meaning that there is no significant effect of workload on employee loyalty. While the T test obtained a t count value> t table or (3.964> 1.675) and is strengthened by a p value <Sig. 0.050 or (0.000 < 0.050). Thus H02 is rejected and Ha2 is accepted, meaning that there is a significant positive influence of organizational commitment on employee loyalty. Workload (X1) and Organizational Commitment (X2) have a significant effect simultaneously on Employee Loyalty (Y). This is evidenced by the regression equation Y = 24.789 + 0.184X1 + 0.398X2. The correlation coefficient value obtained is 0.512, meaning that it has a moderate relationship. The determination coefficient value is 0.261 or 26.1% while the remaining 73.9% is influenced by other factors. The f test obtained the Fcount value> Ftable or (8.894> 2.790) and is strengthened by the p value < Sig. 0.050 or (0.000 <0.050). Thus H03 is rejected and Ha3 is accepted.

Reproductive Health Problems Among Women in Selected Terai Districts of Nepal: A Critical Medico-Legal Assessment

Reproductive health challenges persist among women in Nepal's Terai districts, posing a considerable public health burden. The aim is to investigate the prevalence and determinants of reproductive health issues, including Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP), cervical lesions, cervical cancer, and their associated risk factors. This research utilizes a mixed-methods strategy to thoroughly investigate reproductive health issues among women of reproductive age in specific Terai districts of Nepal. The quantitative aspect of the study encompasses a cross-sectional survey administered to 570 women, employing Slovin's formula for sample size determination and pretested semi-structured questionnaires. Through the saturation theory, along with in-depth exploration and targeted analysis, 40 participants were interviewed, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the investigated phenomenon. The obtained data was analyzed in SPSS with the level of significance <0.005 level. The results indicate a high prevalence of uterine prolapse (42.5%) and cervical cancer (57.5%) within the surveyed population. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease POP, cervical lesions, and cervical cancer are notably linked to various factors including age, ethnicity, economic status, health-seeking behavior, age at first childbirth, nutritional status, and workload (p<0.005). Qualitative analysis identified underlying factors contributing to these reproductive health challenges and insights into health-seeking behavior and treatment practices. These findings highlight the critical need for tailored interventions and healthcare initiatives to tackle the prevalent reproductive health issues. Enhanced awareness of available reproductive health services is crucial for women's well-being. This study offers valuable insights into the complex landscape of reproductive health problems in Nepal's Terai region, laying the groundwork for evidence-based interventions and policy development aimed at enhancing the reproductive health outcomes for women in this demographic.

Tailoring structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of Sr0.54Ca0.46Fe6.5-xNixAl5.5O19 hexaferrites via Ni substitution

Sr0.54Ca0,46Fe6.5-xNixAl5.5O19 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) hexaferrite powders were prepared by the sol-gel auto combustion method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Magnetic measurements were performed with physical properties measurement system (PPMS). The lattice parameters, volume, and lattice strain were calculated. XRD analyses revealed a reduction in crystallite size with increasing Ni content. Interestingly, the magnetic analysis indicated that nickel, with its low magnetic moment, significantly enhanced the magnetization of Sr0.54Ca0.46Fe6.5-xNixAl5.5O19 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) and reduced the coercive field. Furthermore, the Law of Approach to Saturation (LAS) theory was employed to extract the first anisotropy constant, the anisotropy field, and several essential magnetic parameters, providing valuable insights into the magnetic behavior of samples.

The Cycles agroecosystem model: Fundamentals, testing, and applications

Models of the soil–plant-atmosphere continuum are repositories of knowledge and gears in analytical and decision support tools applied to agroecosystems. In this paper, we present the Cycles agroecosystem model theory along with test cases and applications. Cycles combines innovations for simulating soil hydrology and biogeochemistry, including carbon and nitrogen saturation theory, with a modular software architecture. These elements enable simulating monoculture or polyculture crop sequences and associated management practices, containerizing for applications that require high-performance computing, and data assimilation at runtime. A comparison of simulated and measured daily evapotranspiration (ET) obtained with the eddy covariance method for maize (Zea mays L.) and shrub willow (Salix spp.) shows that Cycles represents well meteorological and vegetation controls of ET (root mean square error or RMSE = 0.75 mm d-1). Cycles accurately simulated differences of 150 mm in growing season ET between these two plant communities. Comparisons of modeled versus measured soil water content under soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) in southeastern Pennsylvania for six soil layers at 0.1-m increments show accurate representation of water depletion and recharge (RMSE of 0.027–0.011 m3 m−3). Simulations of growth and nitrogen uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in eastern Washington also highlight the model’s skill simulating processes that affect water and nutrient fluxes simultaneously. To highlight Cycles’ suitability for incorporation in high performance computing applications, we present a coupling of Cycles with an autonomous crop sequence builder (Cycles-A) in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. This system automatically identified areas for double cropping and selected the optimum combination of annual crops across the watershed. The Cycles model innovations and agroecosystem framing continue advancing the premise of making models not only dynamic knowledge repositories but useful tools for research and landscape management.

Seismic Response of Multi-Story Buildings Subjected to Luding Earthquake 2022, China Considering the Deformation Saturation Theory

Seismic Response of Multi-Story Buildings Subjected to Luding Earthquake 2022, China Considering the Deformation Saturation Theory

Do school Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene facilities affect students' health status, attendance, and educational achievements? A qualitative study in Nepal.

Access to safe and sufficient drinking Water, Sanitation, and good Hygiene (WASH) facilities in schools play a crucial role in preventing students from numerous Neglected Tropical Diseases, improving the learning environment in schools, and creating resilient communities living in a healthy environment. This study aims to explore the impact of combining WASH facilities on students' health status, school attendance, and educational achievements. Four schools, two with improved and two without improved WASH facilities, were selected purposively from Dhanusha and Chitwan districts of Nepal. A total of 24 participants, 16 students, and eight teachers were also purposively selected based on the Theory of Data Saturation. The participants were interviewed face-to-face using study guidelines; Key Informants Interview for teachers and In-depth Interview for students. The data were audio recorded and analyzed thematically using Dedoose 9.0.17 qualitative data management and analysis software. School WASH facilities have a significant impact on students' health and well-being. Poor school-WASH facilities hindered students' school attendance, particularly for menstruating girls. School without separate toilets for girls, including menstruation hygiene facilities, lack of water and soap, sanitary pad, and secure toilet's door often have higher rates of absenteeism among girls. Poor teacher and students' relationships, students' low interest in education, household chores, and participation in social customs also contribute to students' absence from school and low educational performance. It is important to note that inadequate WASH facilities affect not only students, but also teachers in the same school. The lack of safe and sufficient drinking water, unimproved sanitation, and poor hygiene facilities were seen by students and teachers as reducing their health and well-being, school attendance, and academic performance. Thus, schools need prioritize and promote the provision of improved WASH facilities for the betterment of students' health, attendance, and educational proficiency.

Nitrifier controls on soil NO and N2O emissions in three chaparral ecosystems under contrasting atmospheric N inputs

High rates of atmospheric N deposition can increase ecosystem N availability and stimulate N losses from soils via nitric oxide (NO; an air pollutant at high concentrations) and nitrous oxide (N2O; a strong greenhouse gas) emissions as predicted by N saturation theory. However, it remains unclear whether theories developed in mesic ecosystems apply to drylands, where plant N uptake and N availability are often decoupled. NO and N2O are produced during the oxidation of ammonia (i.e., nitrification) by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) or ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Because AOB may be favored in N-rich environments and may emit more NO and N2O than AOA, high atmospheric N inputs may favor both NO and N2O emissions. To assess whether atmospheric N deposition favors AOB- and AOA-derived N emissions, we selectively inhibited AOA and AOB and measured NO and N2O from soils collected from three dryland sites exposed to relatively low (3.8 kg ha−1 = Low N) or high (11.8 kg ha−1 = High N-A; 15.6 kg ha−1 = High N–B) atmospheric N inputs. We found that while the High N–B deposition site had the lowest AOA:AOB ratio (2.3 ± 0.6), consistent with expectations, this site did not emit the most NO and N2O. Rather, AOA emitted between 21 and 78% of the NO from our sites, with higher AOA-derived NO emissions from relatively coarse-textured soils in the Low N deposition site. In addition to nitrification, other processes also emitted NO and N2O, especially in the High N-A site where non-nitrifier NO and N2O emissions were ∼2–4 × higher than the other sites, and where finer textured soils may favor denitrification. Interactions between soil texture and N availability, rather than shifts in nitrifier communities, likely determine whether atmospheric N deposition is retained in these dryland sites or reemitted to the atmosphere as NO or N2O.

Predicting the Slowing of Stellar Differential Rotation by Instability-driven Turbulence

Differentially rotating stars and planets transport angular momentum (AM) internally due to turbulence at rates that have long been a challenge to predict reliably. We develop a self-consistent saturation theory, using a statistical closure approximation, for hydrodynamic turbulence driven by the axisymmetric Goldreich–Schubert–Fricke instability at the stellar equator with radial differential rotation. This instability arises when fast thermal diffusion eliminates the stabilizing effects of buoyancy forces in a system where a stabilizing entropy gradient dominates over the destabilizing AM gradient. Our turbulence closure invokes a dominant three-wave coupling between pairs of linearly unstable eigenmodes and a near-zero frequency, viscously damped eigenmode that features latitudinal jets. We derive turbulent transport rates of momentum and heat and provide them in analytic forms. Such formulae, free of tunable model parameters, are tested against direct numerical simulations; the comparison shows good agreement. They improve upon prior quasi-linear or “parasitic saturation” models containing a free parameter. Given model correspondences, we also extend this theory to heat and compositional transport for axisymmetric thermohaline-instability-driven turbulence in certain regimes.

Species pool, local assembly processes: Disentangling the mechanisms determining bacterial α- and β-diversity during forest secondary succession.

Across ecology, and particularly within microbial ecology, there is limited understanding how the generation and maintenance of diversity. Although recent work has shown that both local assembly processes and species pools are important in structuring microbial communities, the relative contributions of these mechanisms remain an important question. Moreover, the roles of local assembly processes and species pools are drastically different when explicitly considering the potential for saturation or unsaturation, yet this issue is rarely addressed. Thus, we established a conceptual model that incorporated saturation theory into the microbiological domain to advance the understanding of mechanisms controlling soil bacterial diversity during forest secondary succession. Conceptual model hypotheses were tested by coupling soil bacterial diversity, local assembly processes and species pools using six different forest successional chronosequences distributed across multiple climate zones. Consistent with the unsaturated case proposed in our conceptual framework, we found that species pool consistently affected α-diversity, even while local assembly processes on local richness operate. In contrast, the effects of species pool on β-diversity disappeared once local assembly processes were taken into account, and changes in environmental conditions during secondary succession led to shifts in β-diversity through mediation of the strength of heterogeneous selection. Overall, this study represents one of the first to demonstrate that most local bacterial communities might be unsaturated, where the effect of species pool on α-diversity is robust to the consideration of multiple environmental influences, but β-diversity is constrained by environmental selection.

Influence of Atmospheric Non-Uniform Saturation on Extreme Hourly Precipitation Cloud Microphysical Processes in a Heavy Rainfall Case in Zhengzhou

Heavy rainfall not only affects urban infrastructure, it also impacts environmental changes, and which then influence the sustainability of development and ecology. Therefore, researching and forecasting heavy rainfall to prevent disaster-related damages is essential. A high-resolution numerical simulation was carried out for a heavy rainfall case in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China, from 19–20 July 2021. The analysis of weather conditions revealed that the main cause of heavy rainfall in Zhengzhou was the supersaturation and condensation of water vapor, resulting from the invasion of dry and cold air from the upper and middle atmospheric layers. This weather condition is ideally suited for applying generalized potential temperature that is informed by the non-uniform saturation theory. Based on this, the new scheme revised the cloud microphysical scheme of the cloud water condensation parameterization process by substituting generalized potential temperature. The characteristics of the mesoscale environment and water condensates were comparatively analyzed between the original and the new scheme. Then, the quantitative mass budget and latent heat budget related to microphysical conversions were comparatively calculated over Zhengzhou. Furthermore, the possible two-scheme mechanisms through which the cloud microphysics processes affected the rainfall were investigated and discussed. It was found that: (1) The new scheme, which takes into account generalized potential temperature, produced precipitation fields more in line with observations and simulated stronger hourly precipitation compared to the original scheme. (2) The conversions of snow were the main source of microphysical processes that produced precipitation and released latent heat due to the dry and cold air invasion. (3) Given that the condensation of water vapor was hypothesized to occur at 70% relative humidity (RH) or above, rather than the original 100% RH, the new scheme simulated more supercooled water and ice-phase particles than the original scheme. This enhancement, in turn, intensified convective development owing to positive feedback within the cloud microphysics processes and cloud environment, ultimately leading to the simulation of more intense hourly precipitation.

Safety assessment of slope on in-service dump under severe dry–wet cycles at high-altitude

This study aimed to evaluate the safety of dump slopes in high-altitude areas subjected to severe dry–wet cycles. The slope of No. 1 and No. 2 in-service dumps in limestone mining areas for cement in high-altitude mining areas is taken as the research object. The unsaturated soil shear strength and matrix suction distribution equations were imported based on the unsaturated–saturated seepage theory. Therefore, the evolution characteristics of the unsaturated–saturated seepage field in the dump are analyzed by numerical calculation, and the safety state of the dump slope is evaluated. The results indicated the following rules: under the action of four dry–wet cycles, the surface soil of the dump slope changes from an unsaturated state to a saturated state. Furthermore, with the increase in the times of the dry–wet cycle, the maximum vertical displacement of the No. 1 and No. 2 dump slopes increased. The numerical calculations of the maximum cumulative vertical displacement of the slope were consistent with the actual monitoring data. The factor of safety of the dump slope decreased continuously with the increase in the times of dry–wet cycles. Nevertheless, it still met the safety and stability standards. It was concluded that the slope of the in-service dump remains stable after enduring four severe cycles of dry–wet.

Throttling characteristics prediction methodology for combined grooves in directional spool valves under variable flow rates

There is a contradiction between the calculation accuracy and cost when computing the pressure and flow rate. A throttling characteristics prediction methodology for directional spool valve was proposed to balance the contradiction. The throttling characteristics were represented by the flow-number, defined as the product of the flow coefficient and the orifice area, to reveal simultaneously the mapping relationships of the two versus the spool geometry, stroke and flow rate. The pressure and flow rate characteristics at different strokes were obtained through the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations that were validated through bench testing. The concept of saturated flow-number theory was introduced to describe the effects of the flow rate on the flow-number. Models for the saturated flow-number and critical flow rate were established using the U-shape groove, a typical throttling structure, as an example to illustrate the effects of groove structure and opening. The throttling characteristics of the directional spool valve could be predicted by the flow-numbers of the combined grooves. The simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the prediction methodology achieves high calculation accuracy while incurring minimal costs. This methodology holds significant implications for the forward design of valve spool throttling structures.

Saturated delayed impulsive effects for fractional order nonlinear system with piecewise Caputo derivative and its application

Fractional order nonlinear systems with saturated delayed impulses and short-term memory is investigated in this paper. Models in this paper are described by piecewise Caputo derivative. First, sufficient conditions for local exponential stability are derived based on the fractional order Lyapunov function method and saturated control theory. Then, the optimization model to estimate the domain of attraction is built, which is constrained by some LMIs. Third, the application of synchronization for fractional order complex dynamical networks via distributed saturated delayed impulsive control is studied. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

Probing Gravity Waves in the Middle Atmosphere Using Infrasound From Explosions

AbstractThis study uses low‐frequency, inaudible acoustic waves (infrasound) to probe wind and temperature fluctuations associated with breaking gravity waves (GWs) in the middle atmosphere. Building on an approach introduced by Chunchuzov et al., infrasound recordings are used to retrieve effective sound‐speed fluctuations in an inhomogeneous atmospheric layer that causes infrasound backscattering. The infrasound was generated by controlled blasts at Hukkakero, Finland, and recorded at the IS37 infrasound station, Norway in the late summers 2014–2017. Our findings indicate that the analyzed infrasound scattering occurs at mesospheric altitudes of 50–75 km, a region where GWs interact under non‐linearity, forming thin layers of strong wind shear. The retrieved fluctuations were analyzed in terms of vertical wave number spectra, resulting in an approximate power law that corresponds to the “universal” saturated spectrum of atmospheric GWs. The power law wavenumber range corresponds to vertical atmospheric scales of 33–625 m. The fluctuation spectra were compared to theoretical GW saturation theories as well as to independent wind measurements by the Saura medium‐frequency radar near Andøya Space Center around 100 km west of IS37, yielding a good agreement in terms of vertical wavenumber spectrum amplitudes and slopes. This suggests that the radar and infrasound‐based effective sound‐speed profiles represent low‐ and high‐wavenumber regimes of the same “universal” GW spectrum. The results illustrate that infrasound allows for probing fine‐scale dynamics not well captured by other techniques, suggesting that infrasound can provide a complementary technique to probe atmospheric GWs.

Разработка методов получения углеродных адсорбентов на основе Ангренского угля и нефтяных остатков

Currently, activated carbon adsorbents are widely used in the world for industrial wastewater treatment from various organic compounds, sorption of heavy metal ions and life-threatening radioactive substances. Carbon adsorbents with hydrophobic properties are mainly modified based on the brown coal, coke, scape, and bark of plants. The methods of manufacturing coal adsorbents based on Angren coal, petroleum coke and asphaltenes are listed. The physicochemical composition and complete thermodynamic properties of the activated carbon adsorbent were studied. It was found that during the heat treatment of mixtures of carbonaceous raw materials, its mass is lost with increasing temperature. At the same time, the adsorption activity of iodine increases with increasing temperature. Depending on the change in temperature of the obtained carbon adsorbent samples, the calculated surface area with respect to iodine is 280.7 m2/g with a weight loss of 0.2 g. The differential heat of adsorption, isotherm, molar entropy and thermokinetics of the benzene and toluene molecules studied in the article are calculated. The adsorption of 4.5 mmol/g of benzene and 3.5 mmol/g of toluene on the activated carbon adsorbent was determined. It is noted that during the adsorption of benzene and toluene by the obtained adsorbent from activated carbon, the differential heat of reaction gradually decreases. When recalculating the isothermal adsorption of benzene and toluene on activated carbon according to the equation of the volumetric theory of micropore saturation, it was obtained that 84.5 % of benzene and 94.2 % of toluene were adsorbed on the pores of the adsorbent.

Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations on Unsaturated Silty Soils

In general, the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) of shallow foundations on unsaturated soils is characterized by the conventional shear strength (SS) parameters in which saturated theories are applied. However, in this case, it is clear that the foundations designed using the obtained values from the saturated cases not be economical. In recent years, procedures have been developed to estimate the UBC of foundations on unsaturated soils, that take into account drained and undrained loading conditions. However, these studies generally concentrate on sandy soils. The validity of the results proposed in the literature should be tested for other soils. Therefore, this paper includes a conventional direct shear box (DSB) test to determine the unsaturated SS of statically compacted silty soil, and a series of model tests were performed to determine the foundation’s UBC. In the experimental model setup, the UBC values of different types and sizes of model foundations on silty soil layers with a different soil saturation degrees (SSDs)/matric suctions (MSs) and different void ratio values were measured. In addition, the soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs) and SS parameters of unsaturated silt were obtained. Using the experimental results, a new equation is proposed for the characterization of the UBC of shallow foundations on unsaturated silty soils. Using this equation, the UBC of unsaturated soils can be determined based on the results of unconfined compressive strength tests (UC) measured on unsaturated soil samples and based on the degree of saturation and the fitting parameter. The results indicate that the measured bearing capacity values obtained via the model footing test, shows a good consistency with those obtained by the proposed equation.

Evolution of the views on the role of testosterone in prostate cancer. Literature review

Background. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. The views on the role of the main male hormone, testosterone, in the genesis of prostate carcinoma has changed dramatically over the last two centuries. Aim. To study the evolution of views on the relationship between testosterone and prostate cancer and to assess their impact on the organization of medical care. Materials and methods. Publications were searched in the National Library of Medicine of the United States and the Central Scientific Medical Library of the Russian Federation using the keywords: prostate cancer, testosterone. Only original publications and meta-analyses were considered. As a result, 59 publications were selected and their descriptive analysis was performed. Results. The information aboutthe doubtfulness ofthe negative role oftestosterone in genesis of prostate cancer is presented, taking into account the small number of observations and numerous methodological defects of the studies. The evidence for the theory of androgenic saturation in prostate carcinoma is outlined, which is based on publications with a sufficient number of publications. Studies confirming the absence of a carcinogenic effect of androgen replacement therapy in healthy individuals and progression of the tumor process on testosterone administration after treatment of the cancer process are described. Moreover, there is information on the use of this hormone in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate carcinoma. Conclusion. Over time, there is increasing evidence for the protective role of testosterone in the development and even treatment of prostate cancer. This raises the prospect of a global transformation in the organization of medical care in the management of patients with prostatic carcinoma, as well as older men in general. There is a clear need for new and better research on this issue.

Explaining the model of preventing the collapse of the family system

Background and Aim: The family as an ancient institution has been the focus of many people since the distant past, and many thinkers and researchers have devoted a large part of their studies to the family. The collapse of this institution is a serious threat to the entire social system, and according to this, today, most of the macro-policies in the field of the family are aimed at protecting families from damage and collapse. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to explain the family breakdown prevention model. Methods: The current research is a qualitative and quantitative research, which was first identified through interviews, and in the quantitative part of the research, quantitative modeling of the components was done to provide a model for the prevention of family breakdown. The statistical population of the research includes counselors, psychologists, university professors, counseling experts and some couples applying for divorce who were purposefully selected as the statistical population. Saturation theory was used to determine the sample size in the qualitative part of the research, and random sampling was used in the quantitative part, and finally 378 completed questionnaires were collected. The tools of this research for its qualitative part include researcher-made interviews and for the quantitative part it includes researcher-made questionnaires. SPSS and AMOS software were used for statistical analysis of quantitative research data. Results: The obtained findings indicate that all the components obtained from the interview (emphasis on continuous education, economic strengthening, legal support for a healthy life, skill training and skill enhancement, continuous moral reproduction, cultural immunity, healthy lifestyle, rational choice, strengthening internal bonds of members, mutual trust building, family orientation and effective intervention) are effective on the process of preventing family breakup, and the drawing model of the family breakup prevention model based on these findings has a good fit. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the drawing model of the current research can be used as a model to explain the prevention of the collapse of the family system.

Determination of water adsorption mechanisms in NH4ZSM-5 and НZSM-5 zeolites

This article covers the results of a study on the determination of the differential heat, isotherm and entropy of water vapor in ZSM-5 zeolites at a temperature of 303 K using the adsorption-calorimetric method. The type and number of ion-molecular formed complexes, as well as the mechanism of adsorption of the studied molecules, were determined. By studying their energetic properties, it is possible to determine the chemical composition and crystal structures of the zeolites. The adsorption isotherm was described by two-and three-had mathematical equations of the TVSM (the theory of volumetric saturation of microgroups) from the beginning to saturation. An analysis of the obtained results proved that NH4ZSM-5 and NZSM-5, which are used as catalysts, can be used as zeolites.