Interpretation Of Satellite Images Research Articles

STUDI KERAPATAN MANGROVE DAN PERUBAHAN GARIS PANTAI TAHUN 1989-2018 DI PESISIR PROVINSI JAMBI

The density of mangrove cover is one of the factors that influence changes in shoreline both accretion and abrasion. This study aims to determine the effect of changes in density of mangrove cover on shoreline changes in 1989-2018 in the Coastal Province of Jambi. The method used is the interpretation of Landsat satellite images in 1989, 2000 and 2018 using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and overlaying images to see shoreline changes and DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System) to calculate the area of change. The results showed that there had been a change in shoreline both accretion and abrasion in several locations that had different mangrove densities in the period 1989-2018. The results showed that accretion occured in 6 locations with an average change of Kota Sebrang 771 m, Tungkal Ilir 240.65 m, Kuala Betara 153.73 m, Mendahara 167.78 m, Kuala Jambi 169.35 m and Nipah 57.3 m, while abrasion occurs at 2 locations with an average change in Sabak Timur -41.8 m and Sadu -36.55 m. Where in the 6 locations that had accretion, mangrove density dominantly was in a close-densed and moderate state and only a few are in a low-densed condition. Meanwhile, the 2 locations that had abrasion were in a moderate state and have a low density mangrove forest.

Environmental factors and human activity as drivers of tree cover and density on the Island of Socotra, Yemen

Socotra Island, in the western Indian Ocean, harbors high biodiversity and endemism and makes up the largest part of the Socotra archipelago UNESCO World Heritage site. Its climatic, pedological, and geomorphological characteristics, together with the long geological isolation and inaccessibility, led to the flourishing of unique tree diversity, with great cultural and ecological value. Lately, trees on Socotra are facing new threats linked to the abandonment of traditional management practices, climate change impacts, and growing human pressure. This study assesses the relative influence of environmental factors and human activity as drivers of tree cover and density, which can be used to support land management policies for the conservation of this key local resource. Tree cover and density were assessed on a total of 3600 plots of 0.5 ha each, laid on a regular grid covering the entire area of the island through Collect Earth, a free open source software tool that allows an augmented visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite images. A total of 770,000 trees, with an average of 2.14 trees/ha, were estimated on the island. The collected data was validated by ground surveys in 26 plots. The relative influence of selected predictors (seven environmental, two anthropic) on tree cover and density was analyzed through logistic and survival regression. Tree cover and density were found to be impacted positively by steeper slopes, higher rainfall, and marked precipitation seasonality and negatively by relatively warmer temperatures and a higher sand content in the soil. Distance of each plot from the nearest road and settlement was calculated and neither of these anthropic predictors emerged as significant, indicating that the limited number of trees present are not currently as affected by anthropic pressure, but, instead, their presence is mostly limited by the harsh climatic and pedological factors. However, as human population and development increase, periods of drought rise, and extreme and random climatic events intensify, these additional stresses on the environment could negatively impact the availability of natural resources in the terrestrial environment. Lastly, potential recommendations to the existing conservation policies and Socotra Conservation Zoning Plan are discussed based on the results.

Sequential Feature Selection Using Hybridized Differential Evolution Algorithm and Haar Cascade for Object Detection Framework

Intelligent systems an aspect of artificial intelligence have been developed to improve satellite image interpretation with several foci on object-based machine learning methods but lack an optimal feature selection technique. Existing techniques applied to satellite images for feature selection and object detection have been reported to be ineffective in detecting objects. In this paper, differential Evolution (DE) algorithm has been introduced as a technique for selecting and mapping features to Haarcascade machine learning classifier for optimal detection of satellite image was acquired, pre-processed and features engineering was carried out and mapped using adopted DE algorithm. The selected feature was trained using Haarcascade machine learning algorithm. The result shows that the proposed technique has performance Accuracy of 86.2%, sensitivity 89.7%, and Specificity 82.2% respectively.

Coastal Belt Linked Classification (CBLC): A System for Characterizing the Interface between Land and Sea Based on Large Marine Ecosystems, Coastal Ecological Sequences, and Terrestrial Ecoregions

Finkl, C.W. and Makowski, C., 2020. Coastal Belt Linked Classification (CBLC): A system for characterizing the interface between land and sea based on large marine ecosystems, coastal ecological sequences, and terrestrial ecoregions. Journal of Coastal Research, 36(4), 677–693. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The Coastal Belt Linked Classification (CBLC) is a novel approach based on interpretation of satellite images and assimilation of collateral data to characterize coastal belt segments that function as discrete interfaces between land and sea. This method is based on the formulation of concepts derived from the Biophysical Cross-shore Classification System (BCCS), the worldwide and regional-scale Large Marine Ecosystems (LME) classification, and the global distribution of terrestrial Ecoregions (ER). The coastal belt, a zone that extends across the shore from marine environments to inland terrestrial habitats, has recently been described in terms of cross-shore catenary sequences based on biophysical attributes of geomorphology and ecology. The CBLC formulates a cross-shore coastal classification by conjoining the Dominant Catenary Sequences (DCS) and Coastal Ecological Sequences (CES) with marine (LME) and terrestrial (ER) ecological systems; thus, a linkage is now provided between marine and terrestrial areas across coastal belts that function as transitional succession zones. This study proposes to combine the traditionally separated tripartite marine, coastal, and terrestrial delineations by melding them into a single descriptive code sequence that can be ascertained from interpretation of Google Earth satellite imagery and accessing collateral data via interactive LME and ER online platforms. Development of the CBLC is facilitated by the fact that LME and ER units are codified by numerals that are easily added to the formulated CES as prefixes and suffixes. The resulting combined alphanumeric code brings together a trove of information at different levels of investigation (Levels I – IV) that was heretofore not easily assimilated. This linkage of DCS and CES catenas with marine LME and terrestrial ER units brings added advantage to the interpretation of satellite imagery of the world's coasts, as it allows coastal belts to be viewed within the context of transitional interfaces between connected marine and terrestrial parameters. Recognition of coastal belts as interfacial bridges linking terrestrial and marine ecosystems into one codified descriptor sequence allows for cross-shore transects to be defined in the form of the Coastal Belt Linked Classification (CBLC) and provides an opportunity to fully comprehend the dynamic nature of coastal zones around the world.

Characteristics of Tsunami Fragility Functions Developed Using Different Sources of Damage Data from the 2018 Sulawesi Earthquake and Tsunami

We developed tsunami fragility functions using three sources of damage data from the 2018 Sulawesi tsunami at Palu Bay in Indonesia obtained from (i) field survey data (FS), (ii) a visual interpretation of optical satellite images (VI), and (iii) a machine learning and remote sensing approach utilized on multisensor and multitemporal satellite images (MLRS). Tsunami fragility functions are cumulative distribution functions that express the probability of a structure reaching or exceeding a particular damage state in response to a specific tsunami intensity measure, in this case obtained from the interpolation of multiple surveyed points of tsunami flow depth. We observed that the FS approach led to a more consistent function than that of the VI and MLRS methods. In particular, an initial damage probability observed at zero inundation depth in the latter two methods revealed the effects of misclassifications on tsunami fragility functions derived from VI data; however, it also highlighted the remarkable advantages of MLRS methods. The reasons and insights used to overcome such limitations are discussed together with the pros and cons of each method. The results show that the tsunami damage observed in the 2018 Sulawesi event in Indonesia, expressed in the fragility function developed herein, is similar in shape to the function developed after the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-oki tsunami, albeit with a slightly lower damage probability between zero-to-five-meter inundation depths. On the other hand, in comparison with the fragility function developed after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Banda Aceh, the characteristics of Palu structures exhibit higher fragility in response to tsunamis. The two-meter inundation depth exhibited nearly 20% probability of damage in the case of Banda Aceh, while the probability of damage was close to 70% at the same depth in Palu.

A digital landscape map of I.I. Sprygin Zhiguli State Nature Biosphere Reserve as a basis for analyzing natural processes and their monitoring

This paper discusses the landscape features of I.I. Sprygin Zhiguli State Nature Biosphere Reserve based on the completed landscape map. The landscape map was created using the results of our own field observations, analysis of literature sources and interpretation of satellite images. Two landscapes and 34 tracts are presented on the map, which were distinguished by the nature of the relief and the characteristics of the vegetation and soil cover. Pine forests on the slopes of large and medium steepness on sod-carbonate soils, rocky mountain steppes with endemic red-book herbaceous plants growing on soil plaque from eluvial deposits are typical for the reserve. Broad-leaved forests are typical on the plateau and slopes, represented by linden heart-shaped, maple on the gray forest soils. Most of the reserve is occupied by plateau-like surfaces beneath the secondary birch and maple forests at the site of felling and logging on dark gray forest soils. When comparing the study and the cartographic materials of the 1980s, it can be concluded that aspen forests have almost completely disappeared and have been replaced with maple or birch forests. Anthropogenic landscapes occupy 280 hectares or 1,2% of the total area of the reserve and are cut through clearings under power lines, roads and paths with no tree vegetation. Dirt roads and power lines are located mainly on the plateau-like part of the reserve.

Human Disturbances of Shoreline Morphodynamics and Dune Ecosystem at the Puerto Velero Spit (Colombian Caribbean)

Villate D. A.; Portz L.; Manzolli, R.P., and Alcantara-Carrio J., 2020. Human disturbances of shoreline morphodynamics and dune ecosystem at the Puerto Velero spit (Colombian Caribbean), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No.95, pp. 711-716. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Evolution of present coastal environments is controlled by both natural processes and anthropogenic activities, last one causing global, regional and local disturbances. This study analyze the effects of shortage of sediments from Magdalena River and tourism development in the recent shoreline morphodynamics and dune vegetation structure of the Puerto Velero spit, in the northern Colombian Caribbean coast. Shoreline position, dune vegetation and human occupation were taken from the interpretation of satellite images, aerial photographs and field trips. Three methods were applied to analyze shoreline migration. It allowed to deduce trends of very high erosion for the outer neck and moderate to high erosion for the inner neck, while the northern border and the point of the spit present an erosional trend in the outer and inner. Therefore, the outer neck and iner neck show predominance of an erosional trend, more intense for the outer one, while the northern border and particularly the point of the spit present trends of high and very high accretion. It implicates a present progradation of the spit, but a narrowing of its neck. The shortage of coastal sand due to the construction of a jettie at Magdalena River favored the formation of the spit by the erosion of the extinct Isla Verde barrier island, but currently cause erosion of the neck. Erosion of the outer and inner neck is also due to the impact of local disturbances on the backshore and dune system, mainly a rapid increase of occupation and a large circulation of people and vehicles. Dune vegetation distribution is affected by these disturbance, including the presence of invasive aloctonous Calotropis procera over a large area of the dune field. The natural climatic oscillations, particularly the negative El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, also favor the progradation of the spit. The analysis of these disturbances on the present geomorphological and ecological evolution on the spit constitutes an important instrument for coastal management.

APLIKASI PROGRAM ARC - SDM PADA PENGINDERAAN JAUH UNTUK PEMETAAN MINERAL EMAS

The application of the Arc SDM program on remote sensing for gold minerals ini an area can be implemented by proving the compatibility of the result of the interpretation of satellite image with conditions in the study area. Remote sensing method is able to detect potential locations with mineral deposits occurrence that has certain characteristics that can affect a certain aspect of exploration activities, namely time efficiency. Remote sensing is an art and technique for obtaining information on an object, area or data analysis phenomenon acquired with a device without having to have direct contact with the object, area or phenomenon studied. In remote sensing, exploration activities play an important role in terms of isolating the potential of seed sediment based on remote sensing models. The use of remote sensing method can reduce exploration costs because it only focuses on detailed surface area of research that have more potential for the existence of minerals. By using this remote sensing method, we can determine specific area to explore, researching in detail in the shortest time possible. Mapping method for the mineralization geological exploration activities in the intended gold-bearing areas can utilize remote sensing data in the form of Landsat ETM satellite images. This method is expected to be able to produce accurate, valid and up-to-date data that makes it possible to create geological interpretation maps in a relatively short time (Rapid Mapping).

The use of geographic information systems for forest monitoring

In the article, the authors consider the need to use geographic information systems and remote zoning data for better and more effective forest monitoring. Each plant on our planet has the ability to reflect or absorb light waves. As a technology for monitoring forests, the method of visualization of the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) is used, which is also called the relative index of vegetation. Today, NDVI is the most common index for solving problems using quantitative estimates of vegetation cover. Each range of values is able to identify a specific object. All spectral values are stored in a special database and are inextricably linked with the coordinates on the resulting map. Files with maps and spectral values are in HDF format. Satellite images that allow you to work with the NDVI index are created using various instruments, one of which is a scanning image sensor – MODIS spectroradiometer. The introduction of the proposed technology will significantly increase the mobility and effectiveness of monitoring. The implementation of remote sensing results in the analysis of the state of forests based on the use of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is based on the interconnectedness of surface estimates and analytical interpretation of satellite images. The user gets the opportunity to select the format of the exported file, as well as highlighting the desired section of the observed area. The necessary spectra are filtered to find NDVI and other vegetation indices.

Sprawl in Russia: Growth and Structural Transformation of the Belgorod Suburbs

The first sprouts of a new type of domestic suburbanization shown with a case study of Belgorod. The features of spatio-temporal dynamics of suburban development, the influence of different factors on this process, and the place of the new suburbia in the structure of the suburban area of the city are considered. A satellite image interpretation method is proposed based on remote analysis. Image selection criteria are considered. Interpretation features of different types of single-story development are given. The possibilities and limitations of this method are demonstrated. It is proved that the key feature of the Belgorod suburbanization in the post-Soviet period was the formation of vast areas of sprawl development that differed from the previously established areas of dacha and rural single-story settlements. There are two waves of sprawl development in this territory: the first wave was induced by the inflow of migrants from neighboring countries, and the second wave was induced by relatively high rates of economic development of the country and the region in the 2000s, which declined in the early 2010s. The expansion of genetically bound sprawl areas formed tree graphs, the roots of which are centers of suburban multistory development and leaves are younger generations of sprawl areas. The main factors affecting the emerging spatial configuration are access to engineering communications and transportation routes.

Risk assessment using quantitative approach: Central Himalaya, Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, India

Himalayan region has actively shown major landslide events in the last two decades. Therefore, risk assessment has been carried out in the study area to assess the risk to anthropogenic activities. The practice of risk assessment is important for rationalizing decision making in the process of development. The growing population, development of infrastructure, and unscientific mining activity in the study area are major factors responsible for majority of landslide incidences. An inventory has been developed for 142 landslides through interpretation of Google Earth image and satellite images [LISS-IV and Carto-sat], frequent field visits and past records of slope failures from various agencies. Thematic layers of all important factors [i.e., relative relief, slope, aspect, geology, soil, land use/land cover, landslide density, and drainage density] were prepared to study the factors responsible for mass movement along the slopes. These thematic layers were produced at a scale of 1:20,000 by using different sources of data in the GIS environment. Hazard zonation of the study area was carried out by using frequency ratio method, and risk assessment was done by using fuzzy logic method. Assessment of landslide vulnerability [probability of damage] was worked out from land use map. Both hazard and land use maps were reclassified and tabulated with the landslide inventory to identify the vulnerability of land use and risk. Based upon various factors, hazard zonation map of the study area is divided into five zones [very high, high, moderate, low, and very low hazard zones], whereas risk assessment is mainly divided into three zones[high-risk zone comprises 1.2% area, while 1.57% area under moderate risk zone and 97.21% area under low-risk zone].

Геоинформационное картографирование для решения эколого-просветительских задач: интерактивная карта растительности «Тропою Доппельмаира»

Environmental education is an important function of Protected Areas among them nature reserves. It includes development of visible and available materials on tours and routes, on geographical and environmental features of a territory, and on unique species of flora and fauna. Interactive map of vegetation “Along Doppelmair’s trail” is an example of scientific information visualization. It was made for a distant and restricted core area in Barguzinsky Nature Reserve. We applied traditional geographical approaches and methods (field research, geobotanical descriptions) and modern GIS technologies (creation of unit database on landscape foundation, satellite image interpretation, infogram visualization) to create the map. As a result a GIS product is created with ArcMAP and located on the ArcGIS Online platform. This map shows characteristic vegetation types, succession stages of pyrogenic dynamics of forest geosystems formed during a century period. Infograms demonstrate information on sites with wild animal encounters, vegetation distribution, landscape features, and photographical materials. This interactive map is a way for environment protection popularization and solving some educational tasks for Protected Areas. It gives an opportunity to study changes in vegetation from Lake Baikal shoreline to mountain peaks of Bаrguzinskii Range, learn typical flora and fauna species, including endangered ones, find interesting historical facts about the reserve, and, thus, get an idea of uniqueness and fragility of nature and the importance of protection attempts.

Do the morphological characteristics of Chilean gravel-bed rivers exhibit latitudinal patterns?

Gravel-bed rivers exhibit remarkable dynamics and distinctive morphological patterns which influence the biological processes, as well as the river ecosystem resilience to human impacts. Classifications of river ecosystems into groups with morphologically distinct patterns are therefore of paramount importance for a better understanding of their dynamics, their management and conservation.Investigations on fluvial morphology and the related dynamics in Chilean gravel-bed rivers are still scarce, and, so far, no efforts have been made to identify latitudinal patterns of their morphological characteristics that may serve as a basis for further classification purposes. In fact, the great variability in bio-geographic, climatic, geologic and geomorphologic settings of the country offer an almost unique opportunity to study how the morphological characteristics of gravel-bed rivers may vary within extremely heterogeneous environments.We performed a regional analysis of nineteen Chilean gravel-bed rivers, from semi-arid Mediterranean to rainy temperate conditions (latitude ranging from 32° S to 39° S). Planform characteristics within these reaches were identified through interpretation of satellite images. Topographic features of the river basins were derived from open source digital elevation models and water discharge values were obtained from available national databases.We addressed the following research questions: a) can these 19 rivers be grouped into clusters considering their distinct planform characteristics of the river channel and basin features, as related to latitudinal gradients?, b) do river morphological characteristics vary along the analyzed latitudinal gradient?, c) does the distribution of specific geomorphic units (i.e. islands) follow a longitudinal pattern?, and finally, d) are these units associated to specific hidrogeomorfic characteristics?We generated a clustering which reflects latitudinal and morphological gradients in Chilean gravel-bed rivers, with the northernmost and southernmost rivers grouped according to their distinctive hydro-morphological characteristics and geomorphic units. We also observed a general tendency of an increase in the proportion of fluvial islands relative to the active channel area from the 33° Latitude in southward direction.

Timing and seismic origin of Nixu rock avalanche in southern Tibet and its implications on Nimu active fault

In tectonically active mountain areas, the identification, dating and determination of origin of large landslides are of special importance in recognizing the seismicity and earthquake magnitude of regional faults, reconstructing the prehistoric landscape evolution and estimating the seismic hazards. Based on field survey, high-resolution satellite image interpretation and 14C dating of substrate, this paper studied the large, long-runout Nixu rock avalanche (the NXRA) in the Angang graben of the southern Tibetan Plateau. The study revealed that: (1) the deep-seated Nixu rock avalanche straddles the Nimu active normal fault and spreads onto the Angang basin with a deposit volume of 47 Mm3 and a travelling distance of 4960 m. (2) Humus samples immediately under the deposit of rock avalanche along the natural river-erosion section suggest a 14C age of 820 ± 30 BP (1220 ± 30 CalAD) for the NXRA event. The age well matches the 1264 CE Chubushi earthquake recorded in Tibetan documents. (3) 23 adjacent landslides have been recognized with co-seismic distribution features, such as clustering and distance effect, ridge-end amplification effect and slope aspect effect. Sand liquefaction and peat deformation were discovered in the substrate beneath and at a distance of ~300 m away from the avalanche deposit. (4) This information indicate that the NXRA was triggered most likely by the 1264 Chubushi earthquake with a magnitude of Mw 7.0–7.2 estimated by empirical equations of Keefer (1994) and Wells & Coppersmith (1994). It is suggested that the Nimu fault of the Yadong-Gulu rift may be more hazardous than the northern and southern part due to its high susceptibility of large co-seismic landslides.

Participatory Mapping of Village Potential with Geotagging Data (Case Study: Wedomartani Village, Sleman, Yogyakarta)

Digital spatial data has the highest demand, especially for the needs of analysis in terms of mapping. Mapping is currently the focus of attention of many institutions because real objects in the field in a wide range can be visualized in a precision field with a specif ic scale. Many villages do not have digital spatial data; one ofthem is Wedomartani village. Therefore, an inventory of digital spatial data of important village objects needs to be done. This study aims to map the potential of village using satellite imagery data from Google Earth and Geotagging photographs and determine the zoning potential of the Land Use of Wedomartani village. The method used to map the potential of villages using satellite imagery data is the method of interpretation, then geotagging photo data obtained through surveys utilizing GPS tag technology from smartphones and the participatory role of village communities. The determination of village land-use zoning used the matching method of the potential map with validation of geotagging photo data. The results interpretation of satellite images shows that the potential in the village of Wedomartani in the form of important objects as the potential of the village is public facilities, tourism objects, theme parks, sports facilities, buildings, roads, rivers, and agriculture. The zoning results of the potential land use of the Wedomartani village consist of Trade and Service Zones in the form of micro, small and medium businesses spread along the main road as a sector of economicpotential (212.73 Ha); The Recreation Zone is in the form of Maguwoharjo Football Stadium, Jogja Bay Pirates Adventure Park Family Park, Tambak Boyo Reservoir and Gebang Temple Cultural Heritage Site as a potential tourism sector (23.48 Ha); Agricultural and Plantation Zones in the form of irrigated rice, maize and chili as potential for sustainable agriculture (661.19 Ha).

ПЛЕЙСТОЦЕНОВЫЕ КАНАЛЫ СТОКА В ЮЖНОЙ ЧАСТИ КЕЛЬТМИНСКОЙ ЛОЖБИНЫ (КАМСКО-ВЫЧЕГОДСКОЕ МЕЖДУРЕЧЬЕ)

The article discusses the origin of runoff channels in the Keltma hollow (Keltma spillway), which is a through valley between the Vychegda and Kama basins. The research conducted using field (GPR survey, cores drilling, radiocarbon, spore-pollen analysis) and remote sensing (interpretation of satellite images, calculation of topographic wetness index) methods that made possible to determine the time and speculate on the causes of their formation. The location of runoff channels on the Kalininian (Early Weichselian, MIS 4–5) lake terrace surface and their traces on the surface of the Kama first terrace limits their age to a period of no more than Ostashkov (Late Weichselian, MIS 2) epoch. The same is indicated by the location of these formations hypsometrically above the South Keltma, Timsher and Pilva valley systems, the formation of which falls on the period after the completion of the LGM 18–13 ka. The probability of relict landforms formation under the periglacial conditions of the Ostashkov stage is indirectly confirmed by the results of pollen studies from the in-fill of the largest channel – the so called Large Terrace Hollow. Scour formation in the aeolian plume body is proposed as the most likely model for the runoff channels formation in the Keltma hollow. The aeolian sand plume served as a dam of a reservoir filled with icedammed waters from the Vychegda basin.

Böyük Qafqazın dağ çəmən kəmərində relyefin əmələ gəlməsinin təbii və antropogen amilləri

This paper presents some results of various studies conducted in the highlands of the Azerbaijani part of the Main Caucasus and Lateral Ridges of the Greater Caucasus using materials from field surveys and interpretation of satellite images. The results of these works, together with the analysis of studies by other researchers, made it possible to characterize the peculiarities of the development of the natural conditions of highlands, to identify the most degraded areas of mountain landscapes and to determine the most optimal ways of protecting the natural environment.

Diachronic analysis of historical and modern landscapes of the Herakleian peninsula

The Herakleian Peninsula has a unique geographical location and a long history of development. The methods of historical and geographical research of this territory have been considered. The historical landscapes development dynamics research of the Peninsula has been conducted with the use of cartographic material, satellite images interpretation and a field observations of the territory within the selected time slices. Map analysis of the economic subsystem of the anthropogenic landscapes of the Herakleian Peninsula has been made. Areas of the South -Western and North-Eastern parts of the Peninsula which preserve the historical features of the modern land use formation have been singled out with regard to the specifics of the arrangement of land allotments (klers) in the ancient system of agriculture.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ДЕСТРУКТИВНЫЕ РУСЛОВЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ р. ОНОН ЗАБАЙКАЛЬСКОГО КРАЯ

The specificity of the territory of the upper Amur basin is shown, which consists in a significant variety and complexity of natural complexes. The object of the study was the Onon river, the subject-riverbed processes that occur in the territory under the influence of natural factors. The purpose of the study is to identify, analyze and evaluate the scale of development of riverbed processes in the upper Amur basin. The tasks were to identify active areas of water erosion. Onon, spatial analysis of the received information, identification of the dynamics and intensity of riverbed processes in active areas during the destructive leash of 2018 and beyond. The relevance of the work has been determined by the need to quickly identify and prevent the development of riverbed processes for erosion control and rational use of land resources for further industrial use. The research methods used are analysis and interpretation of high-resolution satellite images and other multi-time cartographic materials, processing and digitization of images. The main natural channel-forming factors of the Onon river that determine the current dynamics of channel deformations are identified and analyzed. The theoretical and practical significance of the study is to determine the degree of influence on riverbed processes of various riverbed-forming natural factors. The necessity of carrying out measures on the territory of the upper Amur basin to solve water management problems is justified

Опыт определения площади городской застройки по космическим снимкам для задач метеорологического моделирования (на примере Москвы)

Detailed weather and climate modeling for urban areas is in demand in various scientific and applied tasks, starting from a numerical weather forecast and ending with an assessment of the bioclimatic conditions of the city and long-term urban planning. The application of modern meteorological models for urban areas requires the determination of a set of parameters characterizing the urban environment and urban canopy features. One of these parameters is the area fraction, occupied by buildings. In this paper, we propose a universal method for determining building area fraction based on the interpretation of high-resolution satellite images from the Sentinel-2 satellites. The methodology was tested on the example of the territory of the city of Moscow, characterized by a variety of forms of urban development. The calculation of the building area fraction was performed for the cells of the computational grid of the COSMO mesoscale numerical meteorological model with 1 km spacing. To verify the developed method, we used an alternative estimate of the building area fraction based on the crowdsourcing cartographic data OpenStreetMap. The data on the building area fraction derived from the satellite images and from OpenStreetMap data have shown a good mutual agreement, which confirms the promise of using the proposed methodology. On the example of territories where the two methods show significant differences, their typical causes are identified, namely the lack of information about buildings in the OpenStreetMap database, or the masking of buildings by trees, which does not allow them to be revealed from satellite images.