Satellite Dish Research Articles

Experimental investigation of parabolic dish concentrator with various sizes of receiver

Abstract A satellite dish having an aperture area of 2.626 m2 is modified into a Parabolic dish concentrator (PDC). An anodized aluminium sheet is used as a reflective material. Three different sizes of aluminium made receiver having diameter 0.150 m, 0.228 m, 0.304 m, and thickness 0.001 m with selective coating are placed at the focus of the PDC. The receiver outer temperature is recorded with the help of J type thermocouple. The maximum temperature of 309 °C was achieved in the 0.150 m diameter receiver. The receiver outer temperature depends upon the solar intensity and the wind speed. As the size of the receiver is increases from 0.150 m to 0.304 m, the temperature starts decreasing at the outer surface. The experiment was conducted at NIT, Kurukshetra, India.

A Small Island Waits On Big Data Rates: Satellite operators salivate over access to Google's Equiano cable, but St. Helena's telecom monopoly stands in the way

Since 1989, the island of St. Helena in the South Atlantic has relied on a single 7.6-meter satellite dish to connect the island's residents to the rest of the world. While the download and upload speeds have increased over the years, the roughly 4,500 Saints, as the island's residents call themselves, still share a measly 40-megabit-per-second downlink and a 14.4-Mb/s uplink to stay connected.

Salt

My practice focuses on exploring media, censorship, and communication through the mediums of painting, installation, and performance. Satellite dishes are one of the primary communication devices used to access mass media and as a result, have become part of urban design. Many regions are still subject to restrictions in media infrastructure, and their inherent biases. Underground information networks thus emerge. Many secretly engineer homemade devices, such as satellite dishes, as a lifeline to outside media. Using the concept of cybernetic networks, this project seeks to examine the relationship that exists between the political body and the invisible networks demonstrated in unassuming infrastructures, through the use of an autobiographical methodology. Drawing together medium and message, the work explores the materiality of place and person, to demonstrate the complicated relationship that exists between technology and our socio-political climate.

Whoosh! Springy-bounce spider webs

![Graphic][1] Slingshot spiders certainly live up to their names. Weaving webs in the shape of a satellite dish with the middle caved in, the finishing touch is a single silk thread, running from the middle of the web to a nearby location to anchor the structure in place. This line – the

Telemedicine system using mobile internet communication

Purpose Telemedicine is delivered to patient anywhere during emergency treatment care, and medical information is transferred from one site of patient to another site of specialist doctors by using mobile internet communication. Some rural areas have slow internet speed because of weak internet signal propagation from mobile towers. A good design of antenna is needed to improve mobile internet speed for big medial data transmission in telemedicine application. Hence, this paper aims to propose economically low-cost design of antenna. Design/methodology/approach Telemedicine recommended to design the satellite frequency modulation dish (SAT FMD) antenna ( where in FM radio antenna, dish antenna are combined ) to improve the internet speed at Telemedicine system and Hospitals for purpose of Telemedicine communication and information for emergency treatment. Findings In the proposed system, designed SAT FMD satellite-based antenna improved internet speed is achieved at 90.6% accuracy in this research method. Finding latitude and longitude angles to identify the patient location, nearest hospitals location and finding distance, shortest path routing between patient and hospital. Finding elevation, Azimuth, latitude, longitude, skew for alignment dish to focus satellite and mobile cell tower to improve internet speed at telemedicine area and hospitals and reduced transmission delay and nodal delay of big medical data. Social implications The social awareness among people can be shared information of accident patient to communicate Hospital and Ambulance driver by internet mobile app tools and help find nearest hospitals to emergency treatment for accident people. Originality/value This paper presents SAT FMD antenna model based on satellite dish antenna consisting of FM radio receiver antenna and dish antenna for telemedicine communication.

Concept design of solar cell satellite dish

Solar panels are devices that consist of solar cells that convert light into electricity. They are called solar on the Sun or “sol” because the Sun is the strongest light source that can be utilized. Solar panels are often called photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic can be interpreted as “light-electricity”. Solar cells or PV cells depend on the photovoltaic effect to absorb the Sun’s energy and cause currents to flow between two opposing charged layers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the satellite dish using solar panels, so this tool is a signal search tool that uses solar energy to run to carry out its functions. As we know that many places or areas that are still often experiencing power outages so that it can hamper and interfere with community activities. Therefore, this research wants to facilitate the public, especially the current generation who need electricity every day so that when there is a power outage, the satellite dish will utilize solar energy as its main source. This research uses a satellite dish as an intermediary to produce electrical energy with the help of solar energy and is collected into a high-voltage battery in the form of electricity, so that it becomes a source of electricity.

Experimental study and comparative analysis of modified solar paraboloidal dish-thermoelectric generator systems.

Solar energy is one of the major sources of renewable energy which contributes for environmental protection and pollution reduction. Methods and technologies to utilize concentrated solar energy have been the subject of research and development for a number of decades. In the present study, experimental investigations were carried out for improving the performance of small-scale solar paraboloidal dish-thermoelectric generator (SPD-TEG) system. For this, SPD collector was fabricated using a satellite dish antenna fitted with aluminum foil as concentrating surface. The receiver unit consists of TEG module was modified for realistic outdoor conditions by using low-cost waste materials. The performance of two different TEG modules, i.e., TEC1-12706 and SP1848-27145, was evaluated and compared in terms of absorber plate (hot side) temperature, power output, and efficiency obtained with SPD-TEG system during the months of May and June. It was observed that the temperature difference between receiver plate and heat sink is significantly affecting the power output. With TEC1-12706 module, voltage and power was obtained as 1.9V and 0.665W, respectively, whereas these values were 3.4V and 1.836W, respectively, in case of SP1848-27145 module. The efficiency of the SPD was obtained up to 44.16% and 52.1% in the months of May and June, respectively. The combined efficiencies of the SPD-TEG system with TEC1-12706 module and SP1848-27145 module were found up to 0.23% and 0.63%, respectively. The improvement in performance of SPD-TEG system was observed due to increment in temperature difference between hot side and cold side of TEG modules.

Performance analysis of a novel solar concentrator using lunar flux mapping techniques

One of the most important issues faced today with regards to solar concentrators is the trade-off between cost and optical accuracy. In this paper, a new design aims to reduce costs while maintaining high optical accuracy with the added benefit of optical adjustability. This is accomplished by manufacturing individual facets out of commercially-available television satellite dishes with aluminised plastic film to form a multifaceted vacuum membrane concentrator. The lightweight facets were affixed to a modular support structure in a hexagonal honeycomb arrangement and in the profile of a paraboloid, where each facet could be adjusted individually. Two different concentrator sizes with global diameters of 1.6 m and 4.98 m were constructed and tested. Testing took place during the full moon phase using a Canon EOS 700D camera with no added equipment. Images of the flux were captured and were treated for the effect of city light pollution. With the use of normalised flux maps, the peak solar concentration ratios of the large and small dish setups were calculated to be 1438 and 539 respectively. The design, therefore, proved to be a viable design alternative for point focus solar concentrators to reduce costs and maintain optical accuracy. Furthermore, the lunar flux mapping techniques proved effective and safe, by using the incident light from the moon and standard camera equipment.

Shading, Dusting and Incorrect Positioning of Photovoltaic Modules as Important Factors in Performance Reduction

The amount of solar radiation reaching the front cover of a photovoltaic module is crucial for its performance. A number of factors must be taken into account at the design stage of the solar installation, which will ensure maximum utilization of the potential arising from the location. During the operation of a photovoltaic installation, it is necessary to limit the shading of the modules caused by both dust and shadowing by trees or other objects. The article presents an analysis of the impact of the radiation reaching the surface of the radiation module on the efficiency obtained. Each of the analyzed aspects is important for obtaining the greatest amount of energy in specific geographical conditions. Modules contaminated by settling dust will be less efficient than those without deposits. The results of experimental studies of this effect are presented, depending on the amount of impurities, including their origins and morphologies. In practice, it is impossible to completely eliminate shadowing caused by trees, uneven terrain, other buildings, chimneys, or satellite dishes, and so on, which limits the energy of solar radiation reaching the modules. An analysis of partial shading for the generated power was also carried out. An important way for maximizing the incoming radiation is the correct positioning of the modules relative to the sun. It is considered optimal to position the modules relative to the light source, that is, the sun, so that the rays fall perpendicular to the surfaces of the modules. Any deviation in the direction of the rays results in a loss in the form of a decrease in the available power of the module. The most beneficial option would be to use sun-tracking systems, but they represent an additional investment cost, and their installations require additional space and maintenance. Therefore, the principle was adopted that stationary systems should be oriented to the south, using the optimal angle of inclination of the module surface appropriate for the location. This article presents the dependence of the decrease in obtained power on the angle of deviation from the optimal one.

Investigating the Impact of Weather Parameters on Signal Strength of Satellite Dish in Enugu Metropolis

This research evaluates the impact of weather parameter (temperature, pressure, humidity and wind speed) on satellite dishes and how it affects the quality of reception it gives using the data obtained from the Automated Weather Station and Signal Strength in Enugu State University of Science and Technology. The atmospheric components and signal strength were measured every two minutes daily in different months, on different days, and at a different time of the day from the station for period of nine months. The average results of these measurements were then taken and the data obtained from the measurements were tabulated and subsequently plotted in a graph to ascertain the variation in signal strength triggered by change in temperature, humidity, pressure and wind speed. It was observed from this research that the rise in atmospheric temperature, humidity and pressure will lead to a drop in strength of the signal generated by this station and vice versa. This indicated that signal strength is inversely proportional to atmospheric temperature, pressure and humidity; provided that for any of the giving components, others were observed constant, including the wind speed and direction which affects the positioning of satellite dishes. The correlation of the signal strength and atmospheric temperature, pressure and humidity were respectively r=-0.93, -0.97 and -0.92. It was observed that the atmospheric temperature, humidity, pressure and wind speed are mathematically inversely related.

Homer's disembodied Siren, the missing player, or, what’s in Faux Rock?

AbstractWhat are the Homeric Sirens? This article argues that the non-presence of these creatures’ bodies, which has, for the most part, eluded scrutiny, equates to an absence of their promised song. In place of a singing body, Homer’s audience is told only of hushing winds, an island, blooms and sailor bones. I suggest that this entangled presentation is clarified in Siren Serenade (2010), a sculpture by the American artist, Rachel Harrison. The installation, which features a purpose-built black rock, a satellite dish, and a vinyl record with absent turntable, captures both the Sirens’ disembodied voice and the emptiness of their claim. More intriguingly, it also recasts the rock, the Sirens’ island, as disrupting epic teleology, which correlates their home with death. Instead of an endpoint, the deadly island broadcasting the never-to-be-fulfilled promise can be re-read as fitting within a broader scale and as open to lithic ontology. I substantiate this proposition with insights from Jeffrey Cohen’s work on stone, and suggest that the Sirens’ promise of vast knowledge is death only if conceived from the standpoint of the epic hero’s apprehension of immortality through song. In a lithic timescale, the disembodied voice as rock is life, albeit experienced as ‘non-human’.

اعتماد جمهور مدينة بغداد على نشرات الاخبار بالقنوات الفضائية كمصدر للمعلومات

ازدادت أهمية ودور النشرات الإخبارية في المجتمع بعد هيمنة التلفزيون على باقي وسائل الإعلام
 الجماهيرية, ولاسيما بعد ظهور القنوات الفضائية وانتشار الأطباق اللاقطة بين أوساط الجمهور على نطاق واسع فضلا عن الدور الكبير الذي قدمته التكنولوجيا الحديثة في نقل ما يجري من أخبار وأحداث لحظة وقوعها عبر الأقمار الاصطناعية , الامر الذي أسهم بشكل كبير في تغيير واضح في مفهوم وقيم الأخبار, فقد صار البث المباشر(الحي) لما يتم تصويره من أحداث هو الأخبار ذاتها.
 إن الجمهور يعتمد على التلفزيون لتحقيق أهداف عدة كالاخبار والتثقيف والتعليم والترفيه كما يمثل مصدر مهم من مصادر المعلومات ولاسيما عن طريق نشراته الإخبارية, فكلما ازد اعتماد الجمهور على النشرات في الحصول على احتياجاته من المعلومات , يزداد الدور الذي َّ يؤديه في حياتهم اليومية ومن ثم يزداد تأثيره فيهم ولاسيما التأثيرات المعرفية.
 وفي خضم التحولات والظروف الكبيرة التي مر بها العراق بعد عام (2003) والتي شهدت عدم الاستقرار السياسي والأمني, والتزايد الكبير في عدد وسائل الإعلام ولاسيما القنوات الفضائية سواء في العراق والعالم, أسهمت تلك العوامل في زيادة مساحة تأثير التلفزيون في حياة العراقيين عبر نشارته الإخبارية , التي جعلته من ًالظواهر التي تشكل حيزاً من اهتمامات الجمهور لما يقدمه من أخبار ومعلومات بشان الأحداث وتداعياتها.
 ان تحديد وفهم العلاقة بين اعتماد الجمهور العراقي وبالاخص جمهور مدينة بغداد على نشارت الأخبار, يمثل دارسة لظاهرة جديدة غير معروفة النتائج في مجال الدارسات والبحوث التي تعنى في الاعتماد, كونها تسلط الضوء على نقطة غاية في الأهمية تقوم بها النشرات الإخبارية وتؤثر في شريحة كبيرة من العراقيين نتيجة اعتمادهم عليها, حيث يوفر بيانات ومعلومات للباحثين للانطلاق في دارسات وبحوث جديدة ترتكز على ما وفره هذا البحث من نتائج ولاسيما للباحثين في مجال الإعلام.

Simulation and Verification two YAGI-UDI and S-Band Satellite Dish Ground Station Antennas for LEO Nanosatellites Communications

Ground station antennas are a part of TTC system, generally, Yagi-Udi antennas and Parabola dish antenna are using in Earth segment to communicate with LEO small satellites, this paper uniquely presents the three huge antennas of a ground station which are communicating with some microsatellites with view window above Beijing, China. The ground station contains two Yagi-Udi antennas for VHF/UHF and an S-band dish antenna for reception of payloads data. For verification feasibility of the antennas, simulations have been accomplished according to the antennas requirements. Eventually, the simulations assisted to recognize the matched commercial ground station antennas based on comparison of the simulations with commercial antennas and the matched ones are chosen for the implementation on the ground station.

Simulation and Verification Two YAGI-UDI VHF/UHF and S-Band Satellite Dish Antenna for LEO Nanosatellites Communication

Simulation and Verification two YAGI-UDI and S-Band Satellite Dish Ground Station Antennas for LEO Nanosatellites Communications

Development of software for Ku-Band signal availability due to rain attenuation

<span>Ku-Band signal is often used for satellite communication mainly for direct to home (DTH) broadcasting. One of the major issues using this band is that the signal will be affected by raindrops. Raindrops absorb and scatter signal that operates at a frequency of more than 10 GHz. However, studies have been done to predict and measure the rainfall rate and rain attenuation. The rain attenuation in Ku-Band range and the rain rate were measured at satellite receiving dish, pointed towards the orbital slot 91.5 E over a one-year period in 2013. The cumulative distribution of rain rate obtained as well as a cumulative distribution of rain attenuation obtained are presented and compared with the rain prediction models. The aim is to get the best model to be used for the purpose of software development. It was found out that the DAH prediction model is fairly equitable when compared to direct satellite dish receiving measurements in Malaysia. The model provided a suitable baseline in developing a user interface software for weather prediction.</span>

Techno-economic assessment of application of solar PV in building sector

Techno-economic assessment of application of solar PV in building sector

Adapting television satellite dish for low-temperature solar thermal application: Experimental evaluation

Digital television broadcasting is currently becoming popular and as a result, the purchase of television cable dishes and other accessories are on the rise. Abandoned television satellite dishes continue to litter our environment due to obsolescence. Finding alternative use stands as a control measure for this inevitable environmental degradation. This paper, therefore, investigates the adaptation for low temperature solar thermal application. The TV satellite dish selected for this study has a diameter of 33.9 cm, depth of 9 cm and a focal point of 31.2 cm. The components added to the dish include; a reflective surface, pot stand, adjustable chain, dish support stand and base, control arm. This system was used in carrying out stagnation test on three different types of pots (aluminium, iron and stainless steel pots) positioned at the focal point. Other performance parameters studied include; standard stagnation temperature (SST) and the rate of change of pot temperature. The maximum stagnation temperatures attained by the inside of the iron, aluminium and stainless steel pots were 68, 80 and 82 °C respectively after 10, 13 and 40 minutes respectively; while their respective maximum SST were 100, 57 and 50 oC. The maximum temperature change inside the iron, aluminium and stainless steel pots were above 9, 12 and 10 oC/min. The result gathered shows that this system will be suitable for lower temperature applications like pasteurization, sterilization, household water heating, etc.

Thermal and concentration performance for a wide range of available offset dish solar concentrators

This article incorporates an opto-geometric model to estimate the theoretical energy concentration performance of solar concentrators with Offset Parabolic Satellite Dishes (OPSDs). In addition, new methodologies and results are presented to characterize the solar energy capacities of offset reflectors of different sizes by means of computational simulations. The solar energy concentration capacity of these concentrators is evaluated for different aperture areas associated with commercially available OPSDs. The mathematical model is validated by comparing the results obtained by the simulator with the experimental results for an offset concentrator with a 0.7-m aperture diameter used to heat water in an open circuit with a serpentine receptor. Based on the numerical study, offset reflectors are available in a wide range of thermal energy concentration capacities ranging from 0.071 kWt to 5.08 kWt, with a receiver image width that varies from 0.006 m to 0.7 m. This range corresponds to collector aperture diameters of 0.45 m to 3.8 m. The offset concentrator is compared to other types of dish concentrators, and the results show that the cost of the OPSD concentrator is the lowest (0.47 €/Wt). Additionally, the geometric concentration value (958) is very similar to those of other offset concentrator geometries. Finally, due to the advantages of operation and maintenance and the high availability and low cost of offset reflectors, the potential for using these reflectors in solar energy applications should be evaluated based on the results and methodology outlined in this article.

Importance of household-level risk factors in explaining micro-epidemiology of asymptomatic malaria infections in Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia

Heterogeneity in malaria risk is considered a challenge for malaria elimination. A cross-sectional study was conducted to describe and explain micro-epidemiological variation in Plasmodium infection prevalence at household and village level in three villages in Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia. A two-level logistic regression model with a random intercept fitted for each household was used to model the odds of Plasmodium infection, with sequential adjustment for individual-level then household-level risk factors. Individual-level risk factors for Plasmodium infection included hammock net use and frequency of evening outdoor farm gatherings in adults, and older age in children. Household-level risk factors included house wall material, crop types, and satellite dish and farm machine ownership. Individual-level risk factors did not explain differences in odds of Plasmodium infection between households or between villages. In contrast, once household-level risk factors were taken into account, there was no significant difference in odds of Plasmodium infection between households and between villages. This study shows the importance of ongoing indoor and peridomestic transmission in a region where forest workers and mobile populations have previously been the focus of attention. Interventions targeting malaria risk at household level should be further explored.

GNSS augmentation through Ku-band communication satellites with RTK realization

In this study, a method to broadcast real-time kinematics (RTK) corrections over a communication satellite is proposed. RTK corrections generated by the reference station are uplinked to the communication satellite within a multiplexed DVB-S carrier. Corrections are received by a satellite dish and the DVB-S satellite receiver. Better than 18 cm of accuracy is achieved for rover distances of up to 500 km in Turkey. The proposed method can be used as an alternative satellite-based augmentation system for Turkey and other countries.