Saratov Region Research Articles

Status of rare plant cenopopulations of the tract “Bolshiye Mochazhiny” in Balashov district, Saratov region

Cenopopulations of three rare and protected plants of the Saratov region (Gladiolus tenuis, Iris halophila, and Dactylorrhiza incarnata) were found in the tract “Bolshiye Mochazhiny”. These species are protected in neighboring regions as well – the Tambov, Voronezh, Penza regions and others. The species are of high ornamental value, which is another factor besides the narrow ecological amplitude of the plants. G. tenuis, I. halophila, and D. incarnata are demanding to moisture and soil fertility, have high numbers, and create aspects. In the cenopopulations of the studied plants a process of self-renewal proceeds, which is not hampered by anthropogenic factors, as the tract is far from settlements and is swampy in some places. The morphometric indices of the rare species correspond to their biology. The ontogenetic status of the species cenopopulations is characterized by a single-vertex spectrum with a high proportion of individuals of generative fractions: 49.4% for G. tenuis, 40.0% for D. incarnate, and 62.2% for I. halophila, respectively. According to T. A. Rabotnov’s classification, the cenopopopulations of the studied species are normal incomplete-membered. According to L. A. Zhivotovsky’s delta–omega classification, the cenopopulations of G. tenuis and D. incarnata are old; while that of I. halophile is aging. The studied cenopopulations of rare plants are stable in time and space. It is necessary to declare the tract “Bolshiye Mochazhiny” a natural monument of regional importance.

Possibility to determine the necessary length of WRC survey routes based on the area of hunting grounds

Article 36 of the Federal Law on Hunting and Conservation of Hunting Resources of 24.07.2009 No. 209-FZ (in the edition of the Federal Law of 22.12.2020 No. 455-FZ) stipulates that the accounting of hunting animals, in respect of which, in accordance with the above Federal Law, the limit of extraction and the quota of their extraction are established, is carried out on the basis of scientifically substantiated methods. Currently recommended by the authorized federal executive body and posted on the information and telecommunication network “Internet” on the official website of the authorized federal executive body is the Methodology of accounting for the number of hunting resources by the method of winter route counting, approved by the order of FGBU “Federal Research Center for Hunting” from November 14, 2022 no. 74. One of the main differences of the mentioned methodology is the algorithm of determining the minimum necessary total length of counting routes from the total area of hunting grounds located within the boundaries of the relevant hunting farms. However, in the open press there are no data on the conducted scientific studies justifying such an approach to determining the necessary length of survey routes. This was the basis for the present study. On the example of moose counting for some hunting farms of Saratov region the possibility of objective determination of the minimum necessary total length of counting routes depending on the total area of hunting grounds located within the boundaries of these farms was checked. The results of the study showed that such an approach in planning the volume of survey work is fundamentally flawed and cannot be considered scientifically justified, and since it takes the central place in the considered Methodology of counting the number of hunting resources by the method of winter route counting, the latter is scientifically unjustified. Consequently, its placement in the information and telecommunication network “Internet” on the official website of the authorized federal executive body contradicts the current legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of hunting and conservation of hunting resources.

Trends in the incidence of certain socially significant diseases in the adults and children population of the Saratov region

Socially significant diseases are in the focus of world health care, because they affect a significant proportion of the able-bodied population and are the main causes of disability and death. The aim of the study was to carry out statistical analysis of the dynamics of morbidity of some socially significant diseases of the population of the Saratov region and comparative analysis of these data with similar indicators in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The statistical data published on the official site of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Russian Research Institute of Health of the Ministry of Health of Russia for the period from 2011 to 2021 were used. We built variation series and assessed the reliability of differences in relative indicators using Student’s t-criterion (p < 0.05 and t > 2). Results. Negative trends in the dynamics of primary and general morbidity of diseases characterized by high blood pressure, type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, and malignant neoplasms were recorded both in the region and in the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The obtained data regulate the necessity to conduct an in-depth study of the availability and quality of medical care for patients with socially significant diseases, as well as to develop measures to improve the provision of medical care for them.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СВЕТЛОЗЕРНОЙ РЖИ И ПОРОШКА САХАРНОЙ СВЕКЛЫ НА КАЧЕСТВО БИСКВИТНОГО ПОЛУФАБРИКАТА

In order to expand the range of flour confectionery products for a healthy diet, the possibilities of using cheap and affordable plant raw materials rich in nutrients have been studied. The main raw material is flour from light-grain rye of the Pamyati Bambysheva variety of the FASC of the South-East breeding. As a substitute for white sugar, powder from sugar beet root crops grown in the Balakovo district of the Saratov region was used. The evaluation of organoleptic indicators of the quality of products was determined according to GOST 14621-78, and a tasting assessment of the quality of finished products was carried out, quality indicators were evaluated on a 9-point scale. Physico-chemical parameters were determined according to generally accepted methods: the mass fraction of sugar – according to GOST 5903-89, the mass fraction of fat – according to GOST 31902-2012, ash content – according to GOST 5901-2014, humidity of products – according to GOST 5900-2014. The foaming ability, density and stability of the whipped mass were determined in the work. As a result of research, it can be concluded that when wheat flour is replaced with flour from light-grain rye of the Pamyati Bambysheva variety, a pleasant smell and taste are noted in the finished biscuit semi-finished product, according to physico-chemical indicators, the mass fraction of sugar and fat decreases, which gives the products dietary properties. The nutritional and energy value of the biscuit semi-finished product changes in a positive direction, as the carbohydrate content decreases, and the content of polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, vitamins, macro- and microelements, many of which are antioxidants, increases markedly. Therefore, the results of these studies make it possible to position the finished product as a product with functional and dietary properties.

Evaluation of economically valuable traits in millet cultivars bred by scientific research institutions of different geographical locations

In 2022, a study of economic traits was conducted on 16 varieties and lines of millet breeding from various research institutions (RI). The aim of the study was to investigate the productivity structure of millet varieties and lines of different ecological and geographical origins in the vegetation conditions of the Saratov region. To achieve this goal, research was conducted in experimental fields of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of South-East, where Saratov selection varieties and lines were grown, and their comparison was made with varieties of different geographical locations. Phenological and morphological measurements were carried out to assess adaptive properties. The results showed that Saratov selection varieties and lines demonstrate high adaptability to changing weather conditions in conditions of sharp continental climate in the agro-climatic region. They have high yield, economic coefficient, are resistant to smut pathogens and have high grain quality. The results of the study can be used in other research institutions to create new millet varieties combining yield, grain quality, and resistance to variation in hydrothermal conditions.

Climate-oriented breeding of spring barley in arid regions

The article presents the results of the study of collection samples of spring barley. The aim of the research was to assess the prospects of breeding lines of spring barley for the agro-industrial complex of regions with different climate aridity. The studies were carried in 2011-2021 out at the Krasnokutskaya breeding experimental station (experimental field coordinates 50.914000, 47.068300, Krasnokutsky district of the Saratov region). Predecessor - fallow, accounting area of plots - 25 sq.m. During the period of study of the material, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2018 were dry years (the total precipitation during the growing season was 42.8-50.3 mm, HTC 0.30-0.46). In 2019, spring barley crops almost died due to a severe frost in the three-leaf phase and the subsequent severe drought (only 4.9 mm of precipitation fell during the growing season, the HTC was 0.03), so data for this year are not provided. As relatively favorable, 2011, 2016, 2017, 2020 and 2021 can be distinguished (the total precipitation for the growing season is 81.0-135 mm, HTC 0.61-0.97). During 2011-2021 indicators of productivity, plasticity, stability and drought resistance of spring barley varieties bred over a 100-year period at the Krasnokutsk breeding experimental station were evaluated. It was revealed that the average productivity of barley varieties increased by 57.9%, and in the years of acute droughts it almost doubled. Analysis by the same parameters of 5 promising lines in 2017-2021. made it possible to differentiate their potential for regions with different aridity. In the zone with low aridity (more than 7 million hectares of arable land in the Right Bank of the Saratov, Penza and Samara, Volgograd, Ulyanovsk regions), the Nutans 244 and Medicum 276 lines, which are responsive to additional moisture, have the greatest potential. In areas with moderate aridity (about 10 million hectares arable land in the Lower Volga region), samples Nutans 296 and Medicum 247 will have an advantage. In areas with high aridity (more than 6 million hectares of arable land in the Left Bank of the Saratov, Volgograd, Astrakhan regions, Kalmykia), the Medicum 270 line can show high efficiency. These features will be taken into account during further transfer to variety testing.

Magpie cleaning device for cleaning the pre-chamber of the pumping station from sediment

The purpose of the work is to develop, test and evaluate the efficiency of the water treatment device at the water intake of the pumping station. The article provides an analysis of the existing designs of water intakes at pumping stations of irrigation systems of the Saratov region. A brief description of the device and operation of the developed conveyor-type water treatment device mounted on the water intake of the pumping station No. 4 of the Engels OS is given. Studies have established the species composition and mass of sediment entering the grid during the irrigation period. When filling the channel (May 20), a large mass of sediment in the form of branches, stems and leaves of plants was observed in the ante-chamber. At the first watering, the mass of the removed dry sediment is small ? 2-3 kg. With the second watering, the weight of the sediment increases to 14 kg. The maximum mass of sediment was removed from the pre-chamber during the third and fourth watering (July, August), and reached 17, 21 and 24 kg. In addition to branches, stems and leaves, a large amount of algae, mud, duckweed and a small amount of household garbage were observed in it. The cleaning time of the ante-chamber in front of the conveyor varied from 10 to 60 minutes. The developed water treatment device showed reliable operation, reduced labor costs for cleaning the ante-chamber and ensured the uninterrupted operation of the pumping station during the irrigation period. Proposals for further improvement of the water purification device have been developed.

Социальные практики экологического сознания: региональный аспект

The article analyzes the environmental consciousness of the region's population as a special property of reflecting the social nature of a person, expressed through personal concern about the state of the environment, through the acquisition of environmental information and practical activities to preserve and restore the natural environment. Particular attention in the article is given to theoretical approaches to the consideration of the phenomenon of ecological consciousness. Human consciousness as a "specific property of organized complexity" is considered in the works of Teilhard de Chardin, V. I. Vernadsky, I. R. Prigogine. In the philosophical direction (R. S. Karpinskaya, I. K. Liseev, N. N. Moiseev), a co-evolutionary approach is used, which reflects the unity of human, society and the nature that undergoes changes. The study of environmental consciousness with the help of a rational sociological approach involves the use of statistical methods for researching a particular region. Understanding the ecological consciousness as the three-element system "man – society – nature" enables us to compose a model of ecological consciousness in the form of three components: world perception, information, activity. In the course of the author's sociological study, it was found that a significant number of the of the Saratov region residents (88%) are personally concerned about environmental problems. At the same time, the population is informed both about global environmental problems and about the environmental situation in the region. However, residents of the region towns do not consider themselves sufficiently informed about the environmental problems of their place of residence. Most of the respondents (71%) take an active part in the implementation of environmental activities, for example, 67.5% participated in community work days to clean up the territory; 22.8% – participated in tree planting campaigns; 49.1% try not to use plastic bags and bottles, if possible, etc. The conclusion made is that the environmental consciousness of the population in the Saratov region fully corresponds to the compiled model, due to the fact that the population feels personal responsibility for the state of the environment, is aware of the environmental principles that enable conscious environmental activities of the nature protection to be performed.

Динамика и особенности процесса трансформации состава политической элиты в регионе транзитивного типа

The article considers the basic features of the transformation process of the political elite in relation to the region of a transitive, agrarianindustrial type, like Saratov region. The differences between the transformation process and the change of the elite and the so-called "change of elites" are revealed. The characteristics of the structural-institutional, group and generational aspects of the dynamics of elites in the region are given. It is noted that the process of elite transformation affects, first of all, such group indicators as socio-demographic parameters, social origin, educational characteristics of the elite, its length of service and experience in management activities. The analysis of the biographies of 67 politicians representing the elite of the transitive-type region allowed to conclude that the leading feature of the transformation of the composition of the political elite of the Saratov region is not a change in its external parameters, but the preservation of deep internal (structural-functional) characteristics. As a result, the parameters of the consolidation elite are approved, which is intended to largely consolidate the tendency to stabilize public-political life for a longer period.

Occupational non-communicable respiratory diseases in industrial and agricultural workers

Introduction. Harmful inhalation effects in the workplace, most of which are preventable, determine more than 10% of chronic non-infectious bronchopulmonary pathology over the world at the population level. In this regard, updated information on inhalation risk factors in various sectors of the economy and the prevalence of diseases associated with them is important for the scientific justification of targeted programs for the prevention of occupational respiratory diseases. 
 Materials and methods. On the basis of the competent statistical materials of the Rospotrebnadzor Department for the Saratov region, a retrospective analysis of the prevalence of occupational non-communicable respiratory diseases (ONRD) and factor inhalation effects in various industries and agriculture of the region was carried out using generally accepted methods.
 Results. For the period from 2009 to 2019 in the territory of the Saratov region one hundred sixty seven industrial workers (58 people), and agriculture 
 (109 people) were established to be diagnosed with 189 ONRD. Despite a fivefold reduction in cases of detection of ONRD over the past decade, 
 non-communicable respiratory diseases occupied the second rank in the structure of accumulated occupational morbidity (25.1%). The range of the contribution of ONRD to the total pool of occupational diseases for different years of observation was from 13.9 to 37.5% in the industrial sector, from 
 13.3 to 33.3% in agriculture. The largest number of ONRD cases were registered in plant-growing workers (51.9%), manufacturing industries (23.3%), and livestock (10.1%); the smallest number in those engaged in mining (2.6%). The first ranks in the structure of the accumulated ONRD were occupied by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (33.9%), chronic dust-free non-obstructive bronchitis (31.2%), and occupational bronchial asthma (23.3%), associated with air pollution of the working environment with silicon-containing, organic dust and sensitizing agents, the genesis of which was determined by the specifics 
 of working conditions.
 Limitation. The gender factor was not taken into account when analyzing the prevalence of ONRD and its nosological structure.
 Conclusion. The data obtained can be used in the development of comprehensive medical and hygienic programs to improve occupational conditions and preserve the longevity of industrial and agricultural workers.

Role of altered amniotic fluid cytokine profile in in development of fetal membrane insufficiency

Studies on pathogenesis of fetal membrane insufficiency in preterm pregnancy should expand the opportunities of predicting prenatal rupture of amniotic fluid and improve the strategy of anticipant gestation management in cases of premature rupture of the fetal membranes. The clinical significance of studying this obstetric problem is unquestionable due to the high risk of complications and perinatal losses caused by preterm birth. This research is devoted to studying the changes in cytokine profile of amniotic fluid during prenatal rupture of amniotic fluid at 22 to 34 weeks of gestation. The levels of pro-inflammatory (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines in amniotic fluid were determined in 30 patients, whose premature pregnancy was complicated by early rupture of the membranes. For reference, the level of these cytokines in the amniotic fluid was studied in 25 pregnant women with a physiological course of pregnancy at full-term gestation. The ELISA technique was used with a test system produced by JSC Vector-Best. The study was carried out on the basis of the Perinatal Center of the Saratov Region. We have found that premature rupture of the membranes is preceded by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in amniotic fluid. The latter result suggests a significant alteration in feto-placental complex, which may be the starting point both for damage to the fetal membranes, as well as for development of labor activity.

Study of the Chemical Composition of Carica papaya L. Seed Oils of Various Geographic Origins

The papaya plant (Carica papaya L.) is tree-like fruit plant cultivated throughout the tropics and subtropics. The aim of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties, fatty acid, sterols, and triterpenic alcohols composition of Carica papaya L. seed oils grown in a typical geographical location and Carica papaya L. seed oils grown in an untypical geographical location in greenhouse conditions (Saratov Region, Russia). The oils were extracted from the seeds of Carica papaya L. fruits collected in Kenya, the Dominican Republic, Angola, Ghana, and Brazil, as well as from the seeds of fruit plants grown in a similar environment (Russian Federation, Saratov). Parameters such as the oil yield, refractive index, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, and acid value of the extracted Carica papaya L. seed oils were determined. The qualitative and quantitative chemical compositions of the seed oils were determined by a combination of mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The profiles as well as the content of fatty acids, sterols, triterpenic alcohols, and benzyl isothiocyanate were established. The saponifiable fraction of the oils is mainly represented by triglycerides (98.7–99.4%), while di-(0.4–1.1%) and monoglycerides (0.1–0.3%) are also present but in smaller amounts. The content of sterols and triterpene alcohols was (537.5–918.2) mg/100 g of oil (0.54–0.92%), and up to 75% of the fraction was represented by β-sitosterol (55.9–66.7%) and its saturated analogue-sitostanol (11.0–15.7%). The physicochemical properties and the fatty acid, sterol, and triterpenic alcohol composition of seed oils from Carica papaya L. fruits, cultivated in Russia, is in the quantitative range of other samples, which suggests that Carica papaya L. can be grown in Russia for obtaining the seed oil.

Soft wheat cultivars grown in the Saratov region and their resistance to Septoria blotch

Septoria is one of the harmful diseases of wheat cultivars cultivated in the Saratov region. This infectious disease of fungal etiology limits yield indicators and rapidly progresses in many regions of the Russian Federation. The aim of the research was to assess the resistance of winter and spring wheat cultivars that are referred to as promising and recommended for cultivation in the Low Volga region of the Russian Federation to pathogens of Septoria, to study the populations of Parastagonospora nodorum and P. pseudonodorum in the territory of the Saratov region in order to detect the presence of effector genes. Using molecular markers, we performed the identification of genes encoding NEs in 220 Parastagonospora spp. fungal isolates obtained from 7 cultivars of soft winter wheat, 6 taken from the winter triticale, 5 from soft spring wheat, 3 from durum spring wheat and 1 from spring oats. Among the P. nodorum isolates studied, there were both single genes Tox1, Tox3, and ToxA, and combinations of two genes in one genotype. The presence of the ToxA gene was not noted in the genotype of P. pseudonodorum isolates. During 2020–2022, a collection of winter and spring wheat cultivars was studied to detect resistance to Septoria blotch in field conditions (13 cultivars of winter wheat and 7 cultivars of spring wheat accordingly). The resistance of the cultivars was proven by laboratory evaluation. Three inoculums were used, including the isolates of Z. tritici, P. nodorum (ToxA, Tox1, Tox3), P. pseudonodorum (ToxA, Tox1, Tox3) mainly obtained from Saratov populations of 2022 (except for P. pseudonodorum with the ToxA gene). The tested cultivars were characterized using the Xfcp623 molecular marker, diagnostic for Tsn1/ tsn1 genes, which controls sensitivity to the fungal toxin of PtrToxA. Of greatest interest are 11 wheat genotypes that showed resistance to one, two and three species which served as causative agents of Septoria blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici, P. nodorum, P. pseudonodorum). These are the soft winter wheat cultivars Gostianum 237 (tsn1), Lutescens 230 (Tsn1), Guberniya (Tsn1), Podruga (Tsn1), Anastasia (Tsn1), Sosedka (Tsn1) and the soft spring wheat cultivars Favorit (tsn1), Prokhorovka (tsn1), Saratovskaya 70 (tsn1), Saratovskaya 73 (tsn1), Belyanka (tsn1). The results obtained are of interest as they might increase the efficiency of selection based on the elimination of genotypes with dominant Tsn1 alleles sensitive to PtrToxA. In addition to the economic value of the cultivars studied, it is recommended to use them in breeding for resistance to Septoria blotch.

От царя до вождя: реконструкция истории православной общины Казанско-Богородицкой церкви села Алексашкино (на материале архивных документов)

The paper offers a reconstruction of the history of the Russian Orthodox parish formed around the church of Our Lady of Kazan in the village of Aleksashkino, Saratov region (formerly Samara province) in the 19th-20th century. The reconstruction is based on the previously unstudied documents from the state archives of Samara and Saratov regions, archives of the Federal Security Service (Saratov region), and “Samara Diocesan Gazette” materials, as well as interviews with village elders.The study aims to recreate the life of the typical Russian Orthodox parish in the Volga region and examine the evolution of the social institutions connected with the church. The parish history appears in a context of interrelations with the secular government that took a dramatic turn in the Soviet period. The evolvement of the village’s educational institutions receives special attention. Another essential part of the proposed reconstruction is tracing the personalities who stood behind the parish activities – priests, churchwardens, and village teachers. Their names and details of their lives are an inseparable part of the suggested reconstruction. The paper offers a periodization of the parish history that includes five stages, starting from the preaching house and finishing with the 1951 fire. Each period is considered within a separate paper section, while the conclusion summarizes the data on the modern village church. References accompanying the data offer vast opportunities for the further investigation of the Orthodox parishes in the Volga region.

Variation and dynamics of soil properties of ordinary chernozem in the Saratov region

Based on data from an agrochemical survey using GIS technologies at test site No. 2 in 2009-2016 within the framework of the general scheme of soil-ecological monitoring of the Saratov region, an assessment was made of the dynamics and spatial variation of soil properties of ordinary chernozem, depending on the steepness and exposure of the slope. Soil and agrochemical characteristics in conditions of a pronounced relief demonstrate a certain dependence on the location and are very variable over time. Soil sampling on an area of more than 2000 hectares using navigation equipment made it possible to obtain agrochemical cartograms in GIS and analyze them using zonal statistics, taking into account a digital elevation model. The spatial variability of soil properties is often lower in leveled areas or short transition sections of the slope, while the maximum variability is noted on steeper slopes. The highest values of indicators are typical for flat watershed surfaces, which are the most fertile, however, the closest relationship between humus and other agrochemical indicators was noted just on steeper slopes. The variability of fertility indicators on differently directed slopes was within 28–36 % for P2O5, 20 % for K2O, and 4–6 % for pH. The greatest differences in the variability of the polar slopes along the survey tours are noted for the content of humus in the soil. In 2009, the coefficient of variation was 19 and 30 %, and in 2016, 11 and 24 % on the slope of the northern and southern exposure, respectively. A retrospective analysis showed that the highest rates of decline were noted for the content of humus in the soil and the reaction of the environment on gently sloping slopes (by 2 and 1.5 times, respectively) relative to the average change in the massif. For mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, the maximum decrease was noted on gentle slopes.

Digestibility of nutrients in the calves' diet depending on the level of selenium and cobalt asparaginate nanoparticles

Due to the uneven distribution of minerals in the soil, the territory of the Russian Federation is divided into biogeochemical provinces. The Saratov region is deficient in cobalt, selenium is at the lower limit of the norm. The article examines the influence of a mineral feed additive consisting of nanoparticles of selenium and cobalt aspartate (OMEK-Co) on the digestibility of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates by calves when drinking milk. The authors established a reliable and positive effect of the studied feed additive on the digestibility and assimilability of nutrients. The increase in digestibility coefficients in calves of the experimental groups is associated with the intake of selenium and cobalt in the body in quantities that provide the required level for growth and development, since all other factors of feeding and housing conditions were the same.

Fodder beet productivity on irrigated chestnut soils in the Zavolzhye region during foliar treatments with fertilizers based on humic acids

There was studied the effect of fertilizers based on humic acids on fodder beet crops cultivated on irrigated dark chestnut soils of the Engels district of the Saratov region in 2018-2020. The object of research was the Eckendorfskaya yellow variety of fodder beet released in Povolzhye. Fertilizers based on humic acids produced by Life Force Group LLC were used for foliar treatments. On average, over three years, three-time spraying of fodder beet crops with a solution of Reasil micro Amino B (1.0 l/ha per each plant) increased the yield of root crops by 7.2 t/ha (13% of the control). The maximum increase in yields (21 t/ha or 37% of the control) was obtained annually on the option of joint use of Reasil micro Hydro Mix (1.0 l/ha) and Reasil Carb-N-Humik (2.0 l/ha per each plant). Foliar treatments with fertilizers based on humic acids increased the viability of plants for harvesting and increased the average weight of one root crop. At the same time, the content of vitamin C significantly increased in root crops (11% to control) and insignificantly the amount of sugars (3% to control). By increasing the yield, fertilizers based on humic acids significantly increased the removal from the soil of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium by 89.44 and 138 kg/ha, respectively compared to the control.

Helminth Fauna of Bats in the Rostov Region: Review. 1. Nematoda

Introduction. Bats (Chiroptera) are the least studied group of mammals in many regions of Russia. At the same time, the chiropterans are known to be one of the largest orders of Mammalia, which can act as hosts and carriers of various pathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses. However, the parasitic fauna of this group of animals is poorly investigated. The study of bat-parasitizing worms has great practical importance, since bats, due to their ancient origin, are a very detached order. Endoparasites, including the chiropteran helminths, have not been previously studied in the Rostov region. According to the available data, the up-to-date research on the bat parasites in Russia has been carried out only in the Saratov region and in the Republic of Mordovia. The aim of this series of articles is to study the helminth species composition parasitizing in chiropterans in the Rostov region. In the first report we present the data on nematodes.Materials and Methods. The materials for the research were the articles from the open access literature databases: PubMed (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Cyberleninka (cyberleninka.ru), GoogleScholar (https://scholar.google.com ), etc. The main method used was the analysis of the collected data.Results. The authors were the first to reveal that 27 nematode species from 14 genera, 8 families, 4 orders and 2 classes can be found in 15 bat species living in the Rostov region. The numerous Chromadorea class is represented by 21 species, 12 of which are found in Russia.Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the literature sources analysis showed that the largest number of nematode species parasitize in two chiropteran species living in the Rostov region: in the Daubenton's bat (15 species) and in the common noctule (14 species). Only one species has been recorded in the northern bat. Most nematode species parasitize specifically in bats and have a direct life cycle. (e.g., species of the genus Molinostrongylus). For some species, such as Pterygodermatites bovieri and Litomosa spp., the intermediate hosts are arthropods and the definitive hosts are various bat species. For three nematode species: Ascarops strongylina, Physocephalus sexalatus and Spirocerca lupi, bats are the paratenic hosts.

Inheritance of productivity elements in hybrid populations of lentils in the conditions of Omsk region

The paper presents the results of studying the heritability coefficients of key productivity elements (number of pods per plant, number and mass of seeds per plant) in second-generation hybrid populations of lentils. The authors conducted the study from 2020 to 2022 on an experimental plot at the educational and experimental farm of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Omsk SAU in the southern foreststeppe of the Omsk Region. The hydrotechnical coefficient values indicated arid conditions in 2020 (HTC = 0.62) and 2021 (HTC = 0.68) and slightly dry conditions in 2022 (HTC = 1.02). The soil of the experimental plot is meadow-chernozem, moderately thick (45 cm), with low humus content (3.95% humus), and rather clayey (35% physical clay) with a soil solution reaction close to neutral (pH – 6.5). The predecessor crop was spring soft wheat. Four collection samples of lentils with a set of economically valuable traits of different eco-geographical origins were studied: k-2888 (Moldova), k-2849 (Russia, Altai Krai), Rauza (Russia, Oryol Region), Vekhovskaya (Russia, Saratov Region), and four hybrids F2 obtained as a result of hybridisation: k-2888 x Rauza, k-2888 x Vekhovskaya, k-2849 x Rauza, k-2849 x Vekhovskaya. The analysis of the received data showed that the number of pods and seeds per plant is characterised by high heritability (H2 = 54.8% and H2 = 56.1%, respectively). In comparison, the seed mass per plant has low heritability (H2 = 21.7%). It means that genetic indicators determine the phenotypic variability of the number of pods and seeds per plant. In contrast, environmental conditions influence the seed mass per plant during the growing season. Promising in practical lentil breeding for increasing productivity, considering three leading indicators, are the hybrid combinations k-2888 x Rauza and k-2888 x Vekhovskaya.

Analysis and risk assessment of the introduction of small ruminant plague pathogens, sheep pox and goat pox through the territory of the West Kazakhstan region into the Russian Federation

Sheep pox and goat pox (GFP) and peste des petits ruminants (PPR) are infectious diseases of viral nature that mainly affect small ruminants. In domestic animals these are sheep and goats and in wildlife saigas, ibex, antelope and so on. These diseases are considered to be emergent infections, since they are characterized by a transboundary route of entry and spread, as well as causing enormous economic damage in small livestock due to almost 100% mortality and high lethality. Studies have shown that there is a high risk of introduction of emergent infectious diseases pathogens from the territory of West Kazakhstan region (through Kaztalovsky district) to Alexandrovo-Gaysky district of Saratov region. The risk is assessed as high, due to the fact that the largest number of susceptible small ruminants is concentrated on the territory of Kaztalovsky district, which amounts to 287640 heads. Small ruminants’ population density in this district was 15.5 heads/km2. The highest number of cattle is also observed on the territory of Kaztalovsky district (which is 117893 heads, which is of certain importance when keeping cattle and cattle together as a potential source-virus carrier of pathogens of the considered infections. Risk scoring, taking into account the criterion of availability of international routes of communication, showed 2 points out of 5. But, taking into account the fact that the interstate border is not marked and there is no control line, it entails the free movement of both wild and farm animals, in addition, the risk of uncontrolled movement and transportation of animals and livestock products through anthropogenic factor increases. Taking into account these facts, the risk can be assessed as 5 points out of 5.