Saponin Extract Research Articles

Quality assessment of black ginseng materials utilizing chemometrics and modeling inflammation in Zebrafish

Black ginseng is a novel variant of processed ginseng that is produced by subjecting ginseng to a series of nine steaming and drying cycles. However, the precise connection between the processing cycle and the quality of black ginseng remains uncertain, and further investigation is required to establish the association between quality markers and biological activity. In this research, high-performance liquid chromatography was employed to analyze the composition of 17 ginsenosides present in samples of black ginseng. The anti-inflammatory properties of black ginseng saponin extract were tested utilizing a zebrafish tail fin amputation model. The findings indicate that the concentrations of Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1 in black ginseng samples exhibited their highest levels following the seventh processing cycle, hence demonstrating the most effective regulatory impact on neutrophils and macrophages. This study posits that the correlation between these three ginsenoside and biological activities could potentially serve as a crucial factor in ensuring the quality control of black ginseng, thereby contributing to the advancement of quality control measures for health foods and dietary supplements that utilize black ginseng as their primary constituent.

Applications of Saponin Extract from Asparagus Roots as Functional Ingredient.

When replanting an asparagus field, the roots of the previous crop are crushed and incorporated into the soil, creating problems of autotoxicity and fungal infections. Asparagus roots can be considered as a valuable byproduct, since they are very rich in saponins (3-6%), compounds currently considered as bio-emulsifiers. The objective is to evaluate the emulsifying and foaming capacity of a saponin extract from asparagus roots (ARS) and compare it with other commercial extracts. ARS was obtained using a process patented by our research group. The results have shown that ARS has activity similar to Quillaja extract. Its critical micellar concentration falls between that of Quillaja and Tribulus extracts (0.064, 0.043, and 0.094 g/100 mL, respectively). Both emulsifying and foaming activities are affected by pH, salt, and sucrose to a similar extent as the other extracts. Additionally, it has demonstrated an inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase, which is even better than the other two studied extracts, as indicated by its IC50 value (0.7887, 1.6366, and 2.0107 mg/mL for asparagus, Quillaja, and Tribulus, respectively). These results suggest that ARS could serve as a natural emulsifying/foaming agent for healthier and safer food products and as a potential aid in treatments for obesity and hyperlipidemia.

Foam and emulsion properties of crude saponin extract from saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corm

The emulsion and foam stability of the crude saponin extract from the saffron corm (SS) were compared with commercially available saponin (CS) and Tween 60 (T60). The purity of the SS sample was calculated relative to CS and showed a value of 84.43%. Most stable emulsions with the smallest oil droplet size were acquired with T60. Also, T60 showed the lowest surface tension, interfacial tension, and the lowest contact angle. However, a reduction of interfacial tension and surface tension up to 77% and 32% was recorded for SS, respectively. Commercially available saponin indicated the best foam stability regarding film drainage, coalescence, and bubble disproportionation due to its highest solution viscosity. The antioxidant activity of samples was evaluated regarding the FRAP assay and the DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The results showed FRAP values of 2.41 and 1.20 mmol L−1 Fe (II)/100 g sample, and DPPH IC50 values of 2103 and 2326 mg kg−1 for CS and SS, respectively. The investigation showed that SS can form stable emulsions and abundant and persistent foams. Our results provide valuable insights for using saffron corm saponin extract as a new potential natural surfactant for selected applications of the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Simultaneous extraction of Saponin and Polysaccharide from Acanthopanax senticosus fruits with three-component Deep eutectic solvent and the extraction mechanism analysis

As the deep eutectic solvent extraction has the advantages of excellent dissolving capability, high extraction efficiency and selectivity, a three-component deep eutectic solvent (3c-DES) was prepared with betaine, triethanolamine and MgCl2·6H2O (betaine: triethanolamine: MgCl2·6H2O = 1: 4: 0.08, molar ratio), and was used for simultaneous extraction of Acanthopanax polysaccharide and saponin from Acanthopanax senticosus fruits.Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the saponin extraction factors. Under the optimum condition that material-liquid (AS powder to 3c-DES) mass ratio was 1:25 g/g, water content was 29 %, extraction temperature was 49 °C, extraction time was 3.5 h, the yield of saponin and polysaccharide were 1.04 and 3.40 wt%, respectively. The effect order on saponin is temperature > time > material-liquid ratio > water content. A quadratic polynomial parameter mathematical model was established to predict the experimental results. Molecular dynamics combined with density functional theory was used to analysis the mechanism of polysaccharide and saponin extraction that the main driving force is strong hydrogen bonding. The hydrogen bonds among deep eutectic solvent and polysaccharides and saponins is between 3.101 Å and 1.817 Å. The deep eutectic solvent could effectively simultaneously extract the saponins and polysaccharides of Acanthopanax senticosus fruits.

Antimicrobial properties of flavonoids and saponins of ginger (Zingiber officinale L) and garlic (Allium sativum) on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background: Bioactive components of plants are significant plant metabolites that are known to possess antimicrobial property. Aim: The antimicrobial property of flavonoids and saponins of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. Methods: The isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University and their identities were confirmed by subjecting them to standard biochemical procedures. The extraction of crude extracts of saponins and flavonoids was carried out using standard the method. The extracts were prepared into different concentrations and impregnated on sterile discs for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: The mean range of flavonoids in ginger was 211.74±1.16 to 341.74±1.16 g while the range in garlic was 206.11±0.63 to 399.65±0.63 g. Saponins in ginger ranged from 2.5±0.01 to 3.10±0.01 % while in garlic, it ranged from 8.5±0.02 to 12.77±0.02 %. The zone of inhibition of the saponin extract of ginger on P. aeruginosa ranged from 0.0±0.0 to 11.5±0.7mm, while the range on S. aureus was 0.0±0.0 to 18.0±0.0mm. The zone of inhibition of the flavonoid extract of the ginger on S. aureus was 0.0±0.0 to 13.0±1.4mm, while the range on P. aeruginosa was 0.0±0.0 to 12.0±0.0 mm. The zone inhibition of the saponin extract of garlic on S. aureus ranged from 0.0±0.0 to 13±0.0 mm, while for P. aeruginosa it ranged from 0.0±0.0 to 12.0±1.4 mm. The zone of inhibition of the flavonoid extract of garlic on S. aureus ranged from 0.0±0.0 to 14.5±0.7 mm while on P. aeruginosa, it ranged from 0.0±0.0 to 18.5±0.7 mm. The antibacterial effect of the extract was influenced by the concentration. Conclusion: The flavonoid extracts of ginger and garlic displayed better antibacterial activity on P. aeruginosa while the saponin extract was best on S. aureus.

Morphological and Phytochemical Study of Cirsium Arvense from District Mardan Pakistan

In the present study local information, morphology, medicinally uses, collection, stomata studies and phytochemical screening analysis of cirsium arvense has been done. C.arvense is an herbaceous wild plants belong to family asteraceae. The local information about this plant were collected from the local people of that area (Mardan). In the March to April it emerges with flower and stem from the soil. The ideal conditions for growth are high moisture content, high humidity and a temperature of around about 25 C0. This plants are used as antifungal, antiamoebic, antifeedant, antiviral, antibacterial, antimalarial, allergies, sores, anemia, fever, skin diseases and as tonic blood purifier,vermifuge,aborative and insecticide etc. The phytochemical screening analysis of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, phenols has been analyzed which show the presence or absence of these chemical compounds. The carbohydrate in leaf extract, the methanolic extract have carbohydrate present while in the distilled water extract and ethanolic extract was in not present. The carbohydrate in root extract, the methanolic extract shows presence and ethanolic extract shows more presence while the distilled water extract shows absence. The alkaloid in leaf extract, in the ethanolic extract is not present while methanolic extract is present and in distilled water in more amount present. The Alkaloid in root extract, the methanolic extract shows most presence and ethanolic extract shows presence while the distilled water extract shows more presence. The saponins in leaf extract, in the methanolic and ethanolic extract shows presence while in the distilled water have most presence.

Morphological and Phytochemical Study of Cirsium Arvense from District Mardan Pakistan

In the present study local information, morphology, medicinally uses, collection, stomata studies and phytochemical screening analysis of cirsium arvense has been done. C.arvense is an herbaceous wild plants belong to family asteraceae. The local information about this plant were collected from the local people of that area (Mardan). In the March to April it emerges with flower and stem from the soil. The ideal conditions for growth are high moisture content, high humidity and a temperature of around about 25 C0. This plants are used as antifungal, antiamoebic, antifeedant, antiviral, antibacterial, antimalarial, allergies, sores, anemia, fever, skin diseases and as tonic blood purifier,vermifuge,aborative and insecticide etc. The phytochemical screening analysis of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, phenols has been analyzed which show the presence or absence of these chemical compounds. The carbohydrate in leaf extract, the methanolic extract have carbohydrate present while in the distilled water extract and ethanolic extract was in not present. The carbohydrate in root extract, the methanolic extract shows presence and ethanolic extract shows more presence while the distilled water extract shows absence. The alkaloid in leaf extract, in the ethanolic extract is not present while methanolic extract is present and in distilled water in more amount present. The Alkaloid in root extract, the methanolic extract shows most presence and ethanolic extract shows presence while the distilled water extract shows more presence. The saponins in leaf extract, in the methanolic and ethanolic extract shows presence while in the distilled water have most presence.

Impact of the Naturally Driven Surfactant in EOR Application: Experimental, Microscopic, and Numerical Analyses.

While synthetic, conventional surfactants have a known negative environmental impact, their high cost poses a significant challenge. In contrast, naturally extracted surfactants are cheaper and are readily available. The applicability of natural surfactants depends on the saponin concentration, extraction, and synthesis methods. Certain parameters, such as their efficiency in obtaining the required interfacial tension (IFT) values, salinity tolerance, and stability under reservoir conditions, must be examined. Kazakhstan produces a substantial quantity of flaxseed, and flaxseed oil is a good source of fatty acids that can be converted to natural surfactants. Therefore, the work aims to identify the potential of the natural-flaxseed oil surfactant. The experimental study evaluated the synthesized surfactant, effective concentration, salinity's effect, interfacial tension, rheology, and oil recovery concerns in vugs limestone. A microscopic study was conducted to provide insight into the flow in the vugus matrix. At the same time, the numerical method was also employed to establish a potential recovery understanding. The Fourier spectrometer results proved the distinct presence of the triterpenoid. The critical micelle concentrations are 6 and 2.5 wt % for solution in 0 and seawater salinity, respectively. The IFT was reduced by 40-48% and is more effective in seawater solutions. The oil additional recovery was 39-50% after surfactants. The presence of a fractured vugus did not affect the success of the application. Despite the difficulty in modeling the system, the numerical results agree with the experiments and show only 7% differences in total recovery. The research offers novel natural surfactants that can be applied in offshore Kazakhstan.

Extraction of saponin from Gleditsia sinensis Lam and applications on natural shampoo

Synthetic shampoos that include several chemical components are available in the market. However, the safety and impact of chemical additives are under discussion, because their long-term use may result in hair dryness, scalp irritation, and hair loss. To develop a formulated shampoo as an alternative to synthetic shampoos, this study focused on fabricating a completely natural shampoo comprising Gleditsia sinensis Lam extract (GSW) and Sapindus mukurossi extract (SMW), Gleditsia polysaccharides (SP), cod skin collagen peptide (CSCP), and an essential oil. The influence of the interaction between GSW and SMW, SP, and CSCP components on the foaming performance was investigated using the Ross–Miles method, and the antioxidant activity was analyzed using free radical scavenging. The formulated shampoos were prepared using low-energy emulsification, and their surface tensions were determined using the Wilhelmy plate method. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the shampoos were revealed by determining the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. An interaction assay showed that GSW and SMW exhibited synergistic effects on foaming performance, and SP showed an improved foam stability of GSW. In addition, the antioxidant properties of the mixture (GSW and CSCP) exhibited cooperation. Finally, the optimal formulation of shampoo was GSW (20 wt%) and SMW (20 wt%), CSCP (0.5 wt%), and SP (2 wt%). The shampoo exhibited good foaming performance and decontamination and strong antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.

Fermentation, Identification, and Antioxidant Activity of Saponins Produced by a Wild Ginseng Endophytic Fungus Umbelopsis dimorpha Strain NSJG

Background: Endophytes from ginseng plants may produce saponins through in vitro fermentation, and some saponins possess antioxidant activity. This study aimed to enhance the total saponin yield of an endophytic fungus isolated from wild ginseng, determine saponin types, and explore whether saponin extracts from optimized fermentation protocols have antioxidant activity. Methods: Umbelopsis dimorpha strain NSJG was fermented in liquid under different conditions. The types of saponins were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). The antioxidant activity of saponin extracts was evaluated by measuring their hemolytic inhibition rate on erythrocytes. Results: The endophytic fungus strain NSJG produced 1.236 mg/mL total saponins through liquid potato dextrose (PD) fermentation. The total saponin concentrations of optimal protocols G-ED-8 (3.107 mg/mL) and G-DP-8 (2.045 mg/mL) were three times and twice that of G-PD. Saponin extracts from G-ED-8 and G-DP-8 contained seven and eight types of ginsenosides and had higher hemolysis inhibition rates on erythrocytes than Vitamin C (VC), which were 36.05% and 46.69%. Conclusions: The research highlights the potential implications of wild ginseng endophytic fungus strain NSJG for the in vitro production of ginsenosides and the development of novel antioxidants.

EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF PRODUCTS EXTRACTED FROM PANAX BIPINNATIFIDUS SEEM ON MULTIPLE MYELOMA CELLS

Panax bipinnatifidus Seem (PB) is a precious medicinal plant in Vietnam. Although known for its many biological activities, the impact of this herb on multiple myeloma has not been elucidated. Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of total saponin extract from PB on the viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial cardiolipin content of multiple myeloma cells. Methods: Human myeloma cell line (KMS-20) cells were divided into 2 groups: control group and experimental group. In the control group, cells were grown in medium containing DMSO 0.05%. In the experimental group, cells were grown in medium containing total saponin extract (PB-TS) at different concentration ranges. Taxol is an anti-cancer drug used as a positive control in the study. Cell viability, ROS, and cardiolipin content were determined using suitable kits. Results: IC50 values of PB-TS for KMS-20 cells were 4.43±0.78 (µg/ml), higher than the IC50 value of Taxol (2.88±0.51 ng/ml). Besides, the CM-H2DCFDA fluorescence density of the cell group treated with Taxol and PB-TS increased to 121.52 ± 5.16% and 134.27 ± 3.59% compared to the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the NAO fluorescence density of the cell group treated with Taxol and PB-TS also decreased to 62.73±6.87% and 41.56± 8.52%, respectively (p<0.05 compared with the control). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that total saponin from PB exhibited strong toxicity to KMS-20 cells through stimulation of ROS production and reduction of mitochondrial cardiolipin content.

Dermapen Action on the Skin of White Rats Wistar Strain (Rattus norvegicus) to Evaluate the Efficacy of Avocado Fruit Ethanol Extract Cream (Persea americana Mill.) in Healing Wounds

Wounds disrupt anatomical and skin functions. Thus, proper treatment and healing are needed. Saponins, tannins, and flavonoids in natural medicinal extracts accelerate wound healing. Plants and natural substances are usually employed in topical therapy. This study tested the efficacy of ethanol extract cream from the avocado pulp (Persea americana Mill.) in treating dermapen-induced lesions on white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain. This is a lab study or an experiment. Mouse samples were divided into four treatment groups of five mice each. This study also found that avocado flesh extract (Persea americana Mill.) significantly improved dermapen scar healing compared to base cream. The treatment groups given avocado pulp extract (Persea americana Mill.) exhibited higher healing percentages than the control group: 60.5, 95.7, 97.3, and 100%. Researchers found that 15% avocado flesh extract cream (Persea americana Mill.) healed dermapen scars best. This study found that avocado flesh extract cream (Persea americana Mill.) accelerates skin regeneration and increases fibroblasts more than base creams. The highest and densest number of fibroblast cells was found in treatment group 3 healing wounds. Fibroblasts indicate active dermapen wound healing.

Cytotoxic Activity of Saponins and Sapogenins Isolated from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. in Cancer Cell Lines.

The cytotoxic properties of two extracts from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and three synthetic sapogenins were evaluated in different cancer cell lines (A549, SH-SY5Y, HepG2, and HeLa) to investigate their cytotoxic effects and determine if these cell lines activate the caspase pathway for apoptosis in response to saponin and sapogenin treatment. The saponin extracts were isolated from the agro-industrial waste of Chenopodium quinoa Willd., while the sapogenins were identified and quantitatively determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Among these compounds, ursolic acid was the most active compound, with high IC50 values measured in all cell lines. In addition, hederagenin demonstrated higher caspase-3 activity than staurosporine in HeLa cells, suggesting an anti-cytotoxic activity via a caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. HPLC analysis showed that the concentration of hederagenin was higher than that of oleanolic acid in ethanolic extracts of white and red quinoa. The ethanolic extracts of white and red quinoa did not show cytotoxic activity. On the other hand, the synthetic sapogenins such as ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, and hederagenin significantly decreased the viability of the four cell lines studied. Finally, by Caspase-3 assay, it was found that HeLa undergoes apoptosis during cell death because hederagenin produces a significant increase in PARP-1 hydrolysis in HeLa cells.

Sustainable Mechanochemical-Assisted Extraction of Active Saponins from Plants with Solid Acid and Alkalis

Sustainable Mechanochemical-Assisted Extraction of Active Saponins from Plants with Solid Acid and Alkalis

Chilean sea cucumber: New potential source of biomolecules with high nutritional value and cytotoxic activity

Sea cucumbers are important sources of human food and pharmacological compounds. However, few studies have evaluated the potential differences between the sexes or organs in a particular species to explore new commercial opportunities. In this study, the proximate composition and amino acid profile of the body wall, the saponin content in the organs of Athyonidium chilensis males and females, and their cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells were evaluated. There were no significant differences in the proximate composition and amino acid profile of the body wall between the sexes. Protein content differed significantly between organs and sexes, fluctuating between 36.29 % and 72.98 % (dry weight). Saponin content was significantly higher in the gonads and lower in the longitudinal musculature. Cell viability was significantly lower (9.50 ± 2.23 %) with the digestive system saponin extract than with 40 % (94.75 ± 2.65 %). This work demonstrates the great potential of A. chilensis as a food and source of saponins with pharmacological importance.

Change in the Penetration Efficiency of Red Ginseng Saponin Extract into Egg White after Cuticle Layer Removal

Change in the Penetration Efficiency of Red Ginseng Saponin Extract into Egg White after Cuticle Layer Removal

Biotransformation of American Ginseng Stems and Leaves by an Endophytic Fungus Umbelopsis sp. and Its Effect on Alzheimer’s Disease Control

Background: Common ginsenosides can be transformed into rare ginsenosides through microbial fermentation, and some rare ginsenosides can prevent Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to transform common ginsenosides into rare ginsenosides through solid-state fermentation of American ginseng stems and leaves (AGSL) by an endophytic fungus and to explore whether fermented saponin extracts prevent AD. Methods: The powders of AGSL were fermented in a solid state by endophytic fungus. Total saponins were extracted from fermentation products using the methanol extraction method. The types of saponins were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The Aβ42 concentration and β-secretase activity were measured by ELISA for the prevention of AD. Results: After AGSL was fermented by an endophytic fungus NSJG, the total saponin concentration of the fermented extract G-SL was higher than the unfermented CK-SL. Rare ginsenoside Rh1 was newly produced and the yield of compound K (561.79%), Rh2 (77.48%), and F2 (40.89%) was increased in G-SL. G-SL had a higher inhibition rate on Aβ42 concentration (42.75%) and β-secretase activity (42.22%) than CK-SL, possibly because the rare ginsenoside Rh1, Rh2, F2, and compound K included in it have a strong inhibitory effect on AD. Conclusion: The fermented saponin extracts of AGSL show more inhibition effects on AD and may be promising therapeutic drugs or nutrients for AD.

Green Extraction Techniques of Phytochemicals from Hedera helix L. and In Vitro Characterization of the Extracts.

Hedera helix L. contains phytochemicals with good biological properties which are beneficial to human health and can be used to protect plants against different diseases. The aim of this research was to find the most suitable extraction method and the most favorable parameters for the extraction of different bioactive compounds from ivy leaves. Different extraction methods, namely microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and conventional heating extraction (CHE), were used. The most suitable method for the extraction of saponins is MAE with an extraction efficiency of 58%, while for carbohydrates and polyphenols, the best results were achieved via UAE with an extraction efficiency of 61.7% and 63.5%, respectively. The antioxidant activity (AA) of the extracts was also determined. The highest AA was obtained via UAE (368.98 ± 9.01 µmol TR/gDM). Better results were achieved at 50 °C for 10 min of extraction, using 80% ethanol in water as solvent. In order to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxicity, the extracts richest in bioactive compounds were tested on NCTC fibroblasts. Their influence on the DNA content of RAW 264.7 murine macrophages was also tested. Until 200 µg/mL, the extracts obtained via UAE and MAE were cytocompatible with NCTC fibroblasts at 48 h of treatment. Summarizing the above, both MAE and UAE can be employed as green and efficient methods for producing extracts rich in bioactive compounds, exhibiting strong antioxidant properties and good noncytotoxic activity.

Study on the extraction process, chemical compositions, and anti-inflammatory activity of total saponins extract from Anemone raddeana Regel

Anemone raddeana Regel. is mainly distributed in the northeast of China, and its rhizomes part is rich in saponins, which is commonly used for treatment of pain, inflammatory and rheumatic illnesses. However, there are few reports on saponins from Anemone raddeana Regel. This research had investigated the extraction process, chemical compositions, and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro of total saponins extract from Anemone raddeana Regel. The extraction process was optimized by the single factor experiment and response surface methodology, and the anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by determination of the nitric oxide content and cytophagocytic activity in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells. The optimized extraction parameters for the total saponins extract were as follows: ethanol concentration 50 %, the ratio of liquid to material 43:1 mL/g, ultrasonic extraction time 70 min, and the yield of the total saponin was 1.74 % under these extraction conditions. Forty-three components were preliminarily separated and analyzed from the total saponins fraction by UPLC-QTOF-MS method. In addition, it was found that the total saponins extract could exert the anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the nitric oxide content and inhibiting the phagocytic activity. This study suggested that the total saponins extract from Anemone raddeana Regel. could exhibit the superior anti-inflammatory activity, and be developed as a green and natural anti-inflammatory drug.

A comparative study on the influence of equipment design on the efficiency of dynamic maceration of Azadirachta excelsa leaves

Dynamic maceration facilitates diffusion in solid-liquid extraction through controlling temperature and providing agitation. However, equipment design for dynamic maceration in previous investigations resulted in inadequate homogeneity of temperature and solid dispersion. A laboratory scale extractor was designed to aid the heat and mass transfer process while preventing solvent vaporization when performing dynamic maceration in a controlled environment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of dynamic maceration using the laboratory scale extractor compared to a shaker incubator to extract triterpenoid saponins from Azadirachta excelsa leaves. The dynamic maceration of A. excelsa leaves was optimized using a Face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) with response surface methodology (RSM). Independent variables analyzed include ethanol-to-chloroform ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time, and sample-to-solvent ratio, while responses include yield of extract and triterpenoid saponins content (TSC). Optimum conditions were ethanol-to-chloroform ratio of 90:10, extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 60 minutes, and sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:50 g/ml. There was a significant percentage of increase in yield of extract and TSC by 41.1% and 13.3%, respectively, for the laboratory scale extractor compared to the shaker incubator. This study showed the importance of equipment design in enhancing triterpenoid saponins extraction through elevating the efficiency of the dynamic maceration process.