Sandblasting Research Articles

Vacuum Plasma Treatment Device for Enhancing Fibroblast Activity on Machined and Rough Titanium Surfaces.

This study was conducted to compare the effects of an innovative plasma surface treatment device that does not need a gas supply for titanium disks with two different surface topographies: the prototypical machined surface (MAC) and one of the most diffused roughened ones (SL) obtained through grit blasting and acid etching. A total of 200-MAC and 200-SL titanium disks were used. Each group of disks was divided into four sub-groups of 40 samples each that were subjected to five different tests. Among these, 150-MAC and 150-SL were considered the test group, and they were treated with plasma for 15, 30, and 60 s after being removed from the sterile packaging. On the other hand, 50-MAC and 50-SL were considered the control group, and they were only removed from sterile plastic vials. The samples were analyzed to evaluate the capability of the plasma treatment in influencing protein adsorption, cell adhesion, proliferation, and microbial growth on the test group disks when compared to the untreated disks. Protein adsorption was significantly enhanced after 20 min of plasma treatment for 15 and 30 s on the MAC and SL disks. Plasma treatment for 15 and 30 s significantly increased the level of adhesion in both treated samples after 30 min. Furthermore, the MAC samples showed a significant increase in cell adhesion 4 h after plasma treatment for 15 s. The SEM analysis highlighted that, on the treated samples (especially on the MAC disks), the cells with a polygonal and flat shape prevailed, while the fusiform- and globular-shaped cells were rare. The encouraging results obtained further confirm the effectiveness of plasma treatments on cell adhesion and fibroblast activity.

The effect of different surface treatments of 310S austenitic stainless steel on the corrosion behavior in supercritical water using slow positron methods

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of 310S austenitic stainless steel, subjected to different surface treatments machined (MA), sandblasting (SB), and polishing (PO), was exposed to a 550°C supercritical water (SCW) environment. The aged samples were analyzed using variable‐energy slow positron beam techniques. The obtained results revealed that the plastic deformation of the near‐surface region of the MA and SB samples was substantially recovered in the SCW conditions. At least two distinct oxide layers formed, and the oxidation process created a Fe/Cr depletion zone in the inner layer. Various surface treatments, however, led to different corrosion profiles. The depth profile of slow positron beam characterization suggests that significant residual stress and deformation zones on the surfaces of the sandblasted samples probably provided a diffusion path for the oxidation of the 310S. Only the SB samples exhibited a negative weight change after SCW exposure. At the same time, the SB samples showed the highest concentration of the positron traps in this region, which was explained by open‐volume defects associated with the microcracks introduced by sandblasting.

Unexpected early loosening of rectangular straight femoral Zweymüller stems with an alumina-reduced surface after total hip arthroplasty—a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAlumina particles from the grit blasting of Ti-alloy stems are suspected to contribute to aseptic loosening. An alumina-reduced stem surface was hypothesized to improve osseointegration and show comparable short-term outcomes to those of a standard stem.MethodsIn this prospective, double-blind, randomized trial, 26 standard (STD) and 27 experimental new technology (NT) stems were implanted. The latter were additionally treated by acid etching and ice blasting to remove alumina particles from the grit-blasting process. Follow-up occurred at 12 and 24 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) around the stem was measured by a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry device (DEXA). Radiographs were reviewed for alterations. Clinical scoring comprised the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Harris Hip Score (HHS). Survival rates were calculated up to 50 months.ResultsLower mean BMD and more severe cortical hypertrophies were found in the NT group. At 12 months, radiolucent lines were observed mostly in the metaphyseal zone for both groups, with a progression tendency in the NT group at 24 months. At 12 months, pain scores and the WOMAC total and physical activity scores were significantly lower in the NT group, without any differences thereafter. The number of NT stem revisions amounted to 6 (24%) and 11 (41%) at 24 and 50 months, respectively.ConclusionIn the NT group, unexpected catastrophic failure rates of 41% caused by early aseptic loosening were noted within 50 months. Compared with the STD stems, NT stems lead to poor clinical and radiographic results.Level of evidence: II.Trial Registration: NCT05053048.

Enhancing Bond Strength of 3D-Printed Resin Posts Using Various Surface Pretreatments: An In Vitro Study.

This study investigated the impact of common surface pretreatments on the contact angle (CA), surface free energy (SFE), and push-out bond strength (PBS) of custom 3D-printed resin posts. Post spaces of 60 endodontically treated mandibular premolars were prepared. Custom 3D-printed posts made from permanent crown resin were fabricated for 50 randomly selected post spaces. The specimens were then divided into six groups (n = 10) based on their surface pretreatment methods. These methods included sandblasting (SB), silane (SL), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and hydrogen peroxide (HP). Additionally, two control groups were established: glass fiber control (GFC) and permanent resin control (PRC). CA and SFE were measured for each 3D-printed post group. PBS and failure mode analyses were conducted. The data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test (α = .05). The lowest CA values were found in the SB and SL groups. The SB group had the highest SFE compared to all other groups. SL markedly enhanced the PBS of the resin post compared to the PRC at the cervical, middle, and apical levels (P = .001, P = .000, and P = .002, respectively), and the values were comparable to those of the GFC (P = .695, P = .999, and P = .992, respectively). Except in the GFC, SB, and SL groups, mixed failure decreased from the cervical to apical levels, while adhesive failure rates increased. The application of silane and sandblasting to the surfaces of custom 3D-printed resin posts effectively increased their SFE, thereby enhancing their adhesion.

Laser-texturing and traditional surface modification to improve the adhesion of glass fiber-reinforced composite posts to resin cements

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to perform an experimental evaluation of the synergistic effects of laser-texturing and different traditional surface modification approaches to improve the adhesion of glass fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC) posts to resin-matrix cements used in endodontically treated teeth rehabilitation. MethodsOne hundred and ten freshly extracted mandibular single-rooted premolars were endodontically treated and groups of specimens were divided according to the GFRC cementation after different surface treatment, as follow (n = 10): silane-based conditioning (SIL); 9.7 % HF acid-etching (HF); 35 % H2O2 etching (H2O2); grit-blasting (GB); HF plus H2O2 etching (HFH2O2); 6 W Nd:YAG laser-texturing (L6W); 4.5 W Nd:YAG laser-texturing (L4.5W); 3 W Nd:YAG laser-texturing (L3W); 3 W Nd:YAG plus 35 % H2O2 (L3WH2O2); 3 W Nd:YAG plus SIL (L3WSIL); and untreated (C). GFRC posts were cemented into the tooth root canals using a dual-cured resin cement. Then, specimens were cross-sectioned and mechanically assessed by push-out bond strength tests. Specimens were inspected by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at magnification from × 30 up to × 2000. The failure mode was recorded by microscopic analyses after the bond strenght tests. ResultsSurface analyses of the GFRC posts showed a rough and retentive morphological aspect with a removal of the outer epoxy matrix layer and exposure of glass fibers after laser-texturing, grit-blasting, or etching under 35 % H2O2. The highest bond strength values at 21.8 MPa was recorded for GFRC posts after laser-texturing on 3W plus silane-based conditioning followed by the group etched with 35 % H2O2 (20.5 MPa). The failure mode was microscopically characterized as cohesive and mixed pathways. The lowest bond strength values around 5 and 9 MPa and adhesive failure were recorded for the untreated GFRC group or specimens etched with HF. ConclusionsThe combination of acidic etching and silane conditioning with laser-texturing at moderate intensity promoted an adequate surface modification of GFRC posts and increased adhesion to a resin-matrix cement. Such combination of physicochemical approaches can enhance the long-term mechanical behavior of the restorative interface at endodontically treated teeth. Clinical relevanceCombining traditional and novel physicochemical approaches can provide promising adhesion pathways for glass fiber-reinforced composite posts to resin-matrix cements. A high mechanical interlocking of the resin-matrix cements and the stable retention of the teeth root intracanal posts can decrease the risks of clinical failures by fracture and detachment of the intraradicular interface.

High‐Speed Laser Surface Structuring for Thermal Spray Coating Preparation

The preparation of surfaces for coating processes is indispensable for maximal adhesion and good coating results. These technical surfaces can be treated by chemical, mechanical, or physical procedures. In thermal spray coating, grit blasting is a standard process for surface preparation. This mechanical roughening and activation of the surfaces is fast and easy to handle. On the negative side, the grit gets wasted and the generated pattern is inflexible. Therefore, attempts to substitute grit blasting with a laser application is discussed in this article. Herein, a theoretical evaluation of high‐speed laser surface texturing (LST) is performed to find limits and points for the optimization of these processes. To estimate the surface processing rates, continuous wave, nanosecond, and ultrashort pulse laser machined dimples and grooves are investigated, and results of the spray coatings are presented afterward. The steel substrates are coated with Stellite 6 and tungsten. Adhesion tests and coating structures are analyzed. In terms of the optimization of the laser texturing, in situ temperature measurements show the influence of the laser process speed on the thermal load of the substrate. The influence of the number of scanning repetitions on heat accumulation during LST is also analyzed.

The Use of Strain-Induced Martensitic Transformation Phenomena to Estimate the Surface Plastic Strain Produced by Grit Blasting on Overaged 18Ni Maraging Steel

The Use of Strain-Induced Martensitic Transformation Phenomena to Estimate the Surface Plastic Strain Produced by Grit Blasting on Overaged 18Ni Maraging Steel

Fatigue behavior of notched and unnotched AM Scalmalloy specimens subjected to different surface treatments

In the present work, the fatigue resistance values of Scalmalloy specimens obtained by selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing (AM) are experimentally studied. The fatigue levels of specimens with and without notches after applying different surface treatments, such as sand blasting, shot peening, isotropic finishing, and polishing alone or in combination, are analyzed. To understand the fatigue behavior of this material, the surface finishes and internal residual stresses of the specimens are analyzed. Moreover, the fracture surface of each sample is observed by electron microscopy to determine the failure mechanism. There is a clear separation between two different types of failure: (1) rupture by a crack generated on the surface associated with high applied stress values and (2) failure by a crack generated on an internal defect associated with low applied stress values.

Antifungal Effect and Durability of Chitosan Oligosaccharide Coating on Heat-cured Polymethylmethacrylate Surface

This study aimed to investigate the antifungal effect against Candida albicans (ATCC® 10231) and the durability of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) coated on heat-polymerized polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The various concentrations of COS solution, 0.5, 1 and 2-fold of minimum fungicidal concentration (0.5, 1 and 2 MFC) were prepared and applied to PMMA specimens treated with sandblasting (SB), application of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), and a combination of both procedures (SB&APS). The toothbrush abrasion test was done to evaluate the remaining COS (n=10). The antifungal effect was determined through the colony count method (n=3). The number of fungal colonies was recorded at 16 and 48 hours. Data were analyzed using two-way and one-way ANOVA at the 95% confidence level. The result of the toothbrush abrasion test revealed that COS concentration and surface treatment affected coating durability. APS and SB&APS groups showed a high percentage of COS and significantly differed from SB groups (P = 0.00). For the antifungal effect, coatings with 1 MFC and 2 MFC demonstrated no difference, but coating with 0.5 MFC differed from others (P = 0.00). At 16 and 48 hours, PMMA coated with 1 MFC and 2 MFC by APS and SB&APS methods inhibited C.albicans. COS can be coated onto PMMA using APS and can inhibit C.albicans. With further development, this method could be applied to treat denture stomatitis alternatively to conventional antifungal drugs. Keywords: Candida albicans, Chitosan, Oligochitosan, Polymethylmethacrylate, Silanes

Дослідження відновлення корпусних деталей автомобільних двигунів методом електродугової металізації

Road transport ensures a rational organization of production and transportation of products. The cylinder block is a basic part, mechanisms and engine parts are attached to it. Engine blocks are operated with high loads. Defects arise and develop, which can be eliminated during major repairs. Improving the methods of restoring worn cylinder blocks of automobile engines is an urgent task. The possibility of restoring parts with such defects by gas-thermal methods was considered. The total level of defects that can be eliminated by applying a restorative coating by the method of electric arc metallization is 37%. The analysis of literary sources shows that surfacing and welding methods do not ensure the quality of the restored part. Gas-thermal methods are often used in the process of repairing parts. The most technological and effective is electric arc metallization. Productivity of electric arc metallization can be very high. Operating costs of using electrometallization are small. The equipment is relatively simple. Restoration of parts by electric arc metallization increases wear resistance and durability of the engine. To assess the repeatability of block defects, we analyzed a sample of 20 truck cylinder blocks from different manufacturers. It was established that the resource of the block depends on: wear of the main bearing beds, holes, cracks, damage to the thread and breakage of pins and holes. Laboratory experiments on the application of electroplating coating were carried out on samples of high-strength cast iron. Preparatory processing of samples - shot blasting. Experiments on sputtering of samples were carried out with known powder wires PG-SR4 and PG-SR4+3% Al with a diameter of 2.0 mm. Spraying was carried out with an EM-17 electric arc metallizer. Tests on the adhesion strength of the coating to the base metal were carried out using the adhesive method. From the research results, we can see that the coating applied with PG-SR4+3%A1 wire is destroyed at the joint under a higher load than the corrosion formed by PG-SR4 wire. At the same time, the adhesion strength also exceeds, and is 22.9 MPa. The microhardness of the coating built up with powder wire PG-SR4+3%A1 exceeds the level of microhardness of the surface built up with wire PG-SR4. Microhardness in both cases. decreases with distance from the surface of the deposited layer. Conclusions. From the conducted research, it follows that the electric arc restoration does not have a thermal effect on the part, provides high adhesion strength of the applied layer, which prevails over the majority of traditional methods of restoration of parts. In addition, the method of electric arc metallization is characterized by low energy consumption, small-sized and mobile technological equipment. Therefore, there is a need to continue the research of electric arc metallization in the restoration of worn surfaces of car parts.

Структура и свойства покрытий SiO2 – Cr2O3, полученных методом импульсного магнетронного распыления на керамической основе ZrO2

The technology for SiO2 – Cr2O3 coatings on a ceramic Y-TZP (ZrO2 stabilized by Y2O3) zirconia base has been proposed. The coating was produced in three stages: 1) formation of SiO2 adhesion layer by application of 5-amino-propyltriethoxysilane alcohol solution to the ceramic base surface followed by heat treatment at 450 ± 5 °C for 30 min. The next step was application of Cr at purity of 99.9 % by pulse magnetron sputtering; 3) diffusion oxidation of Cr, applied on the ceramic base, to Cr2O3 in the muffle furnace at 450 ± 5 °C for 30 min. Dependence of physical-mechanical characteristics of coating depending on preparatory and finishing operations (abrasive blasting, polishing) has been investigated. Samples with submicron coating with thickness of 150 ± 20 nm, having nanostructured lamellar structure, possessing open porosity value of 1.3 %, microhardness 2000 HV, roughness Ra 0.32 – 0.63, friction coefficient 0.175 and increased by 184 % wear resistance to abrasion loadings in comparison with pure zirconia ceramics were obtained.

ADSORPTION OF Cu(II) IONS USING FOUNDRY WASTE

<p>This article deals with the analysis of the adsorptive properties of the waste produced during the shot blasting of castings in foundries. During this process, particles of moulding mixture and scale that remained on the surface of the casting after removal from the mould are removed. Since this waste contains particles of moulding mixture (SiO2, carbon, ...) and scale (i.e. iron oxides), which as individual components are known as satisfactory adsorbents, its adsorption properties towards Cu(II) ions in aqueous solution were investigated. The obtained results show that the investigated waste has a significant adsorption capacity for binding Cu(II) ions.</p>

Effects of interface conditions on tribological and hysteretic behaviors of symmetric friction connections

The symmetric friction connection (SFC), a type of slotted-bolt connection, is widely employed to dissipate seismic energy in earthquake-resistant structures. Quasi-static tests were conducted on seven SFCs to investigate effects of various interface conditions on tribological and hysteretic behaviors of the SFCs. The friction pair in focus is composed of high-hardness abrasion-resistant steel (Bisalloy 450) and mild steel (Q355B). The test results reveal that hysteretic behavior of the SFC is highly influenced by interface pressure and shot blasting for their significant effects on wear mechanisms. In this study, abrasive wear, adhesive wear and oxidation wear coexist in the process of dry sliding friction. A critical interface pressure of 42.1 MPa is recommended to achieve desirable tribological and hysteretic behaviors of the SFC. The SFC can efficiently recover its strength by removing wear products from the contact surfaces and then reapplying the bolt clamping force, indicating good repairability. Furthermore, in the presence of impurities on contact surfaces, using a rotary wire brush machine is advisable for surface preparation instead of employing shot blasting treatment. These insights and recommendations provide valuable guidance for engineers and practitioners, aiding them in improving the design process to achieve favorable seismic behavior of the SFC in seismic-resistant structures.

Exploring the performance of an indirect solar dryer by combining three augmentation approaches (trapezoidal absorber, shot blasting, and pebble stone)

The shelf life of food products can be increased by reducing their moisture content with the aid of solar dryers. However, the poor efficiency of solar collectors increases the time and energy required for drying the food crops. Hence, the present work aims to overcome the above bottleneck by employing corrugated shot-blasted absorbers in solar air heaters and comparing their performance with flat plate solar air heaters. Subsequently, the drying kinetics of bitter gourd and tapioca cassava were subject to experimental investigation using indirect solar dryers in their natural mode, aiming to assess the dryers' overall performance. The experiments revealed that the average thermal efficiencies of the SAHs equipped with flat plate absorber plates and corrugation with shot-blasted absorber plate treatment displayed variations ranging from 39.05 to 53.12 % while maintaining a constant MFR of 0.02 kg/s. The average exergy efficiency of the FPAP is 1.103 % and the CSB absorber plate is 1.755 % with a constant flow rate of 0.02 kg/s. The research findings indicate that the CSBAP (surface-improved SAH) demonstrates a higher heat-absorbing capacity when compared to the FPAP SAH. The utilization of the CSBAP design along with the incorporation of pebble stone results in a greater ability to efficiently absorb and retain heat when compared to the traditional FPAP design with a shot-blasted surface. The inclusion of pebble stones in the drying process, as observed in Case II for Tapioca cassava, led to a remarkable improvement in drying efficiency by approximately 36 % when compared to Case I. Furthermore, the drying efficiency for bitter gourd in Case IV experienced a notable improvement of around 30 % when pebble stones were integrated into the drying process, in contrast to Case III. Eventually, the experimental results specified that the carbon credits accrued for the CO2 mitigated by the FPAP and CSBAP systems in the natural convection mode were calculated to be approximately 226.48 and 308.11 Rate $/year, respectively. These alterations synergistically contribute to enhancing the SAH's effectiveness and effectively utilizing solar heat directly contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and, subsequently, the carbon footprint.

Exploring the thermal performance of a solar air heater with a V-corrugated and shot-blasted absorber plate comprising nano-enhanced phase change materials

This research aims to carry out an experimental investigation into the performance of a solar air heater using phase change materials in combination with V-corrugated absorber plates and shot blasting. This shot blasting approach is applied to interrupt the boundary layer thickness of the absorber plate material it will increase the absorbance of the material. This study incorporates the analysis of four distinct absorber plates namely (i) V-Corrugated Plate (ii) V-Corrugated with shot blasting, incorporating PCM (iii) V-Corrugated with shot blasting, including NEPCM (0.6 %) (iv) V-Corrugated with shot blasting, including NEPCM (0.9 %). In this study, Paraffin wax was selected as the base PCM, and MWCNT dispersed into base PCM with different weight fractions. The nano-enhanced phase change material with a concentration of 0.9 wt% examined that the latent heat of melting and solidification experienced a significant augmentation. This enhancement resulted in a maximum increase of 12.5 % for melting and 8.2 % solidification was attained at 0.9 % of MWCNTs compared with paraffin wax. The average exergy efficiencies of V-corrugated plate attains an efficiency of 1.023 %, V-corrugated with PCM records 1.357 %, V-corrugated with 0.6 % NEPCM attains 1.698 %, and V-corrugated with 0.9 % NEPCM attains the highest efficiency at 2.167 %. The significant enhancement in exergy efficiency observed in NEPCM configurations with volume fractions of 0.6 % and 0.9 % is primarily attributed to two key factors namely enhanced thermal conductivity and improved heat transfer properties. The maximum sustainability index for the V-corrugated design with 0.9 % NEPCM falls within the range of 1.014 to 1.037. The average “Nu” value of 27.5 was achieved under the conditions of a mass flow rate of 0.02 kg/s and the addition of 0.9 % MWCNTs dispersed in paraffin wax.

Optimal model-based control for automated robotized abrasive blasting system

In robotic abrasive blasting operations, achieving the required surface roughness and cleanliness relies heavily on manually pre-set operational parameters. These parameters, such as stand-off distance, blasting angle, inlet air pressure, abrasive flow rate, and particle size, are set based on operator experience. However, given that optimal values for these parameters vary depending on specific blasting conditions and surface requirements, the pre-set values often fail to deliver both the desired surface quality and productivity. To address these challenges, we propose a solution employing a set of proxy models and a model predictive control system to achieve optimal operational outputs. For energy efficiency and productivity maximization, we utilize computational fluid dynamics with a multiphase flow solver to determine the optimal stand-off and offset distances, thus controlling the blasting nozzle effectively. Additionally, we build a data-driven model to obtain the optimal reference set point of air pressure at the sensor location based on the desired surface roughness. Moreover, we develop a dynamic process model to link the inlet air pressure and abrasive flow rate to the air pressure at the sensor location, which facilitates the development of a model-based control system. By applying this comprehensive approach, we evaluate and optimize the control and operational parameters to achieve the desired surface roughness and productivity targets. To validate the effectiveness of our newly developed control system and models, extensive tests are conducted both virtually (in silico) and on-site. The results confirm the stability and accuracy of the control system. In on-site reliability tests, the automated blasting system successfully delivers the desired surface roughness with a relative error of less than 5 % and a remarkable 30–50 % improvement in productivity. Overall, our innovative control system and models offer a reliable and efficient solution for robotic abrasive blasting, ensuring consistent surface quality and productivity enhancements.

Pretreatment of Hybrid Ceramics Using Alumina (Al2O3) Nanoparticles, Hydrofluoric Acid, and Holmium: YAG Laser for Optimizing Surface Roughness, Shear Bond Strength, and Topography

Evaluation of different conditioning regimes i.e., hydrofluoric acid (HFA), sandblasting (SB), selfetching ceramic primer (SECP), and Holmium: YAG (Ho: YAG) laser on the surface roughness (Ra) and shear bond strength (SBS) of hybrid ceramics. One hundred and ten hybrid ceramic discs were fabricated using the CAD-CAM technique. The discs were randomly allocated into five groups. Group 1: No Conditioning (Control), Group 2: HFA etching, Group 3: SB, Group 4: SECP and Group 5: Ho: YAG laser. The quantitative measurement of the roughness (Ra) (n = 10) from each group was conducted using a profilometer. The dual cure resin cement was bonded on the remaining fifty samples. Shear bond strength (SBS) and failure analysis were performed using a universal testing machine (UTM) and stereomicroscope. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey tests was used to assess and compare the mean values of Ra and SBS among study groups. Specimens pretreated with SB displayed the maximum Ra value and bond scores. The control specimens exhibited minimum Ra and SBS. Intergroup comparison analysis indicated that HFA and Ho: YAG laser-treated groups displayed comparable outcomes of Ra and bond integrity. Sandblasting using alumina particles proved to be the most favorable pretreatment modality for hybrid ceramic surface pretreatment for attaining optimum surface roughness and shear bond strength.

Effect of manufactured sand, micro silica, and GGBS on properties of high-performance concrete

The most often used building material for engineering constructions is concrete. The rapid urbanization has necessitated the need for High Strength (HS) and High -Performance Concrete (HPC) for specialized constructions, such as high rise/tall structure and other important structures. Greater cement content may be required for concrete with higher performance like strength and durability, but code does not permit it, because higher cement content increases the heat of hydration, which leads to the development of thermal cracks in concrete, reduces its structural performance and damage environment by producing CO2 during production of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). This study tries to replace OPC by Micro Silica (MS) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) by some percentage to find our effect of these materials on properties of concrete HPC.In this work, the influence of Manufactured Sand (M-Sand), Micro Silica (MS) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) on the mechanical and durability qualities of High - Performance Concrete (HPC) is examined experimentally. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is used to create the HPC mixtures and then 40%,45%, 50% by weight of OPC is replaced with GGBS and 2.5% and 5% by weight of OPC is replaced with MS respectively. Additionally, OPC is replaced by 40%GGBS+ 2.5% MS, 40% GGBS+5% MS, 45%GGBS+ 2.5% MS, 45% GGBS+5% MS, and 50%GGBS+ 2.5%MS, 50%GGBS+5% MS. For each percentage replacement workability test, compressive test at the age of 28,56 and 90 days, water permeability test at 28 days and 90 days, Scanning Elector Microscope (SEM) test after 90 days are carried out. The investigative study’s findings showed that partial replacement of OPC with GGBS, MS, and combinations of GGBS and MS produces more consistent outcomes for strength and durability when compared to control mix.

Multidimensional calcium phosphate coatings for bio activation of titanium implant surfaces using methodological approach

This paper presents the methodological approach for multidimensional coated with calcium phosphate for bio activating surfaces of titanium implants. Dental transplant are a revolt in dentistry, but there is some difficulties are noticed. The objective of this effort was to create a soaking technique that does not have the drawbacks of the concentrated simulated bodily fluid (SBF) soaking approach utilizing a supersaturated CaP (calcium phosphate) solution. Titanium samples were acid etched and sandblasted. The objective of this research was to create a soaking technique without the limitations of the concentrated simulated bodily fluid (SBF) soaking strategy using a supersaturated CaP (calcium phosphate) solution. Bio film formation is assessed by methoxy nitro-sulfophenyl-tetrazolium carboxanilide (XTT) assay and it is controlled by anti-adhesive coating. Bacterial adhesion is assessed by Lipid per oxidation and controlled by antibacterial properties. Sand blasting is treat the surface and the sandblasting particles that were imbedded and the surface now has a roughness of around 1.2micrometers, Micro-porosities and high surface moist ability. Our study has demonstrated the importance of the centrifugation stage, which influences coating formation, thickness, and coverage. A thin coating (∼1.5 µm) composed of apatite analogous to bone mineral was deposited.

Investigation of mechanical properties and microstructure characterisation of MMA-MIG-TIG-SAW welded EN8 steel joints via shot blasting method

The industries of energy, transportation, and other engineering components all benefit greatly from the use of medium carbon (C) steel EN8. For these applications, welding is typically used to join the material. Conventionally welded joints, however, struggle to meet the exacting standards of industrial applications. In this comprehensive study, the tensile strength, microhardness, and microstructure of joints made of medium C EN8 steel using manual metal arc (MMA), metal inert gas (MIG), tungsten inert gas (TIG), and submerged arc (SAW) welding were investigated. These weld joints were then subjected to the shot blasting method to determine the effect on the mechanical properties of these weldments, Different response characteristics have been studied in relation to the shot blasting with various time periods. A detailed characterisation of the samples has been carried out optical microscopy, surface electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), optical emission spectroscopy (OES), microhardness, and tensile testing with fractographical analysis. The maximum percentage increase in the microhardness in fusion zone (FZ) occurred in case of TIG welded specimens, i.e. 29.63% after 25 min of abrasive blasting period. However, the maximum change in the tensile strength, i.e. 10.53% has been observed for MMA welded specimens after 15 min of abrasive blasting period. Microstructural analysis revealed TIG has a columnar dendritic structure, MIG and SAW have an equiaxed dendritic structure. MMA has a cellular dendritic structure. The outcomes revealed that abrasive blasting improves the mechanical characteristics of industrial MMA, MIG, TIG, and SAW welded specimens.