Sanctions Restrictions Research Articles

Formation of a system of integral indicators showing the windows of opportunities for sustainable development of industrial regions of the Russian Federation

Due to the system crisis caused by the pandemic, sanctions restrictions and complicated geopolitical situation there arose the need to find new models and strategies of sustainable development of the territories. The purpose of the article is to study theoretical and methodological aspects of sustainable development of the territories on the basis of ecosystem and entropy approaches. The ecosystem model of the territory is based on selfregulation and self-development, networking and partnership of all stakeholders. It is pointed out that sustainable development of a territory directly depends on the level of the use of human, technological, and natural capital. The author believes that it is possible to assess the sustainability through the entropy of a complex synergetic system that includes the entropy of its constituent ecosystems or the entropy of the capitals of the territory. Ten industrial regions of the Russian Federation have been assessed for sustainability, and recommendations on how to improve their sustainable development have been made. The work contributes to establishing the methodology of sustainable development of the territories and is aimed at providing completeness and reliability of the information ensuring right decisions. The results of the study can be used to develop and implement strategies, development programs, roadmaps for business adaptation to the principles of environmental, social and corporate responsibility of the industrial regions. Introduction of the results obtained into the practice of territorial management alongside with the application of high-performance decision support systems will ensure the intensification of the economic activity of the subjects, which will result in the increase of macroeconomic indicators and improvement of social indicators of the development of the regions.

Перспективы транспортировки грузов в границах стран пространства 1520

Purpose: To assess the importance of multimodal cargo transportation for the economy of 1520 area countries. This study confirms the need to expand the capabilities of railway infrastructure despite the consequences of sanctions restrictions, international political situation uncertainty and trans-Eurasian container transportation imbalance with the purpose to achieve economic growth of the national economies of 1520 area countries. Methods: There were used analytics and diagnostics methods for the data (observation, analysis, synthesis) of regulatory and legal provisions governing relations within the framework of freight transportation by railway network as well as reports of leading railway companies of 1520 area countries - JSC "Russian Railways", JSC "NC "Kazakhstan Temir Zholy", Belarussian Railways and others, Russian and foreign forwarding companies, carrier operators, data from Russian Federation Federal Customs Service and foreign customs authorities, statistical and analytical informational databases. Results: The characteristics for main railway systems of 1520 area leading countries are given with specification of the number of international and domestic container and container-piggyback routes. The factors influencing the development of freight transportations on Russia territory along 1520 track have been identified, the prospects for cargo transportation have been assessed in view of Russia transport and logistics market current state. Practical significance: The obtained results have applied character since they offer and justify measure series to ensure effective development of multimodal transportations given existing infrastructure limitations.

Technological development by sub-sanction pressure: the case of Iran

The subject of the study is the experience of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) in overcoming sanctions. The purpose of the article is to identify specific mechanisms that contribute to technological development in the conditions of sanctions restrictions. The paper examines the most successful projects of Iran in high-tech industries, and also examines the prerequisites for their development. The author analyzed the economic model of Iran and its features. The main mechanisms for circumventing restrictions that minimize the effectiveness of sanctions and their impact on the economy of Iran have been identified. Various ways of interaction with economic partners and ways of building long-term relations with allies are considered. The methodological basis of the research is: comparative analysis, empirical and systematic approaches. Special attention was paid to the study of literature that explores the issues of interest to us. As a result, the main decisions of the Iranian government were highlighted, which allowed this state not only to achieve relative economic stability, but also to create technologies that were in demand in many foreign markets. The novelty of the article lies in a detailed analysis of the existing methods of circumvention of sanctions in Iran, including those that have not yet been studied in the scientific literature. The results of the study can be used by the governments of other states subject to sanctions pressure in order to overcome restrictions and minimize the consequences of their introduction. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is to identify ways to circumvent restrictions, as well as the formation of infrastructure for the creation of production on the own territory of the sub-sanctioned state.

State support of small and medium-sized businesses in the conditions of sanctions restrictions and problems of its implementation

State support of small and medium-sized businesses in the conditions of sanctions restrictions and problems of its implementation

How do Russian Researchers Evaluate Grants as a Tool for the Development of Science?

The problem under consideration is connected with the active modernization of the research and development sector in Russia, which takes place under existing restrictions. On the one hand, there is a request for scientific and technological sovereignty, increasing the scholars’ responsibility for the social and economic development of the country. On the other hand, the impact of various tools to support the scientists’ activity, these tools affecting their position, reputation and career, is being re-assessed. The article presents data from a 2022 mass sociological survey of grantees (N=1700) from more than 60 Russian regions and more than 80 organizations subordinate to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. The survey materials showed the significant role of funds’ grant support for the preservation and development of the scholars’ scientific potential, for attracting new researchers, and for creating a competitive knowledge generation sector. The article analyzes the institutional changes in the activities of Russian scientific foundations as perceived by grantees – scientific and pedagogical workers, administrative and managerial staff. There are identified the most acute problems that make it difficult for Russian researchers to receive grants and to fulfill corresponding requirements in today’s conditions. For the first time a mass survey of grantees of Russian scientific foundations was conducted, which allowed identifying the most significant functions of grants: economic function; selective function affecting competition among researchers; symbolic function affecting the reputation of scientists, scientific schools, research teams; positive impact on the development of research competencies, careers of scientists, the scientific potential of the higher school, etc. The empirical base of the article is represented by materials collected within a questionnaire survey. The methods of quantitative analysis and content analysis of the open questions were used to process the research materials. Quantitative data processing was carried out using the SPSS program; materials of open questions were analyzed using methods of generalization and systematization. As a result, there were distinguished the positive effects of grant support over scientists’ research activities, as well as the grantees’ problems to be concerned. The risks of research projects non-completion in connection with the sanctions restrictions imposed in 2022 are analyzed. The results of the study can be taken into account when developing approaches to the formation of a policy for financing scientific activities in Russia, when working out possible directions for further scientists’ support, and when searching for new mechanisms to support young researchers.

The Structural Transformation Outlines of the Russian Economy under Sanctions Restrictions

The Structural Transformation Outlines of the Russian Economy under Sanctions Restrictions

Business management under sanctions restrictions

Business management under sanctions restrictions

Application of sanctions restrictions on accounting and analytical processes of Russian companies

Application of sanctions restrictions on accounting and analytical processes of Russian companies

Problems of adaptation of the electrical industry to sanction limitations (on the case of Izolyator Group)

The article discusses the main problems that the Russian electrical industry faces in the modern period of sanctions restrictions. The article analyzes the situation with the provision of electrical engineering with imported materials on the example of the production of high-voltage cable fittings and high-voltage bushings, and also considers the current possibilities for their import substitution. The authors analyzed the possibility of supplying materials from new Russian suppliers of materials and suppliers from friendly countries, and came to the conclusion that under the current conditions, companies in the industry have the ability to fulfill the tasks of producing electrical equipment for the Russian power grid complex.

Assessing the readiness of russian industrial enterprises for digital integration in the new economic conditions

Integration processes ensure the progressive growth of the national economy, especially reckoning the factors of the crisis and the imbalance of the socio-economic environment in different forms of manifestation, including those caused by sanctions restrictions. The actualization of the problem of assessing digital integration at the level of the sectoral economy is due to the lack of comprehensive analytical methods that allow to identify the prerequisites and prospects for the digital integration of Russian industrial enterprises, considering various factors of the internal and external environment. The study’s aim is to generalize related approaches and tools for analyzing the digital transformation of industrial enterprises and to develop a methodological approach to assessing the readiness of Russian industrial enterprises for digital integration. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach, since digital integration relations cover a wide range of tasks, the solution of which involves the use of systemic, factorial, statistical, evidence-based, comparative and expert methods, as well as grouping and clustering. These methods make it possible to identify specific features of the assessment of digital integration in the industry. The information base for the assessment is the officially submitted data from the Russian system of statistical observation, as well as samples of approved target indicators of Russian strategic planning documents in digitalization and ensuring the sustainability of industrial enterprises. Based on the generalization of foreign and domestic experience, the authors have identified the parameters that were a subject to evaluation in terms of digital integration of industry complexes, groups of enterprises and legal entities. Systematization of scientific approaches to the research of digital aspects of industrial facilities proposed by domestic and foreign scientists. This allowed the authors to determine the basic conditions and factors that were the main ones for assessing the readiness of Russian industrial enterprises to the digital integration. In addition, the authors proposed evaluation indicators with the possibility of visualizing the results obtained for making further management decisions. The assessment results can be incorporated into making strategic decisions aimed at involving IT business entities, development institutions and industrial enterprises in digital integration. Considering the results obtained from the position of the authors, it makes sense to strengthen the functional and regulatory impact on large regional manufacturing enterprises with a high potential for digital integration.

Trends and prospects of the market of rare earth metals and materials for electric power storage systems

Rare earth metals and materials for electric power storage systems are one of strategically important categories of products whose availability will have key influence on sustainability of the functioning of electric power and transport systems in the world and support the process of “the fourth energy transfer” which involves decarbonization, decentralization and digitalization of the energy sector. The basic types of raw materials influencing the long-term prospects for the development of electric transport, distributed energy and renewable energy sources include cobalt, nickel, lithium, graphite, manganese, molybdenum, as well as rare earth metals. High rates of development of the global industry of electric power storage systems for energy and transport purposes, geographical heterogeneity of distribution and consumption of these materials and their strategical significance for the functioning of innovative areas of economics and ensuring technological sovereignty determine the high importance of this industry for the Russian economy. The article deals with the key trends of development of the world market of rare earth metals and materials for electric power storage systems. The authors identify the long-term trends of development of the sector, analyse the main quantitative indicators of development of the sector in Russia, point out the factors influencing the long-term prospects for development of production of the above mentioned materials in the country. The article presents the analysis of the major market opportunities and perspective projects on increasing the production of materials for electric power storage systems. The authors formulate the key risks and threats for production of materials in terms of sanctions restrictions, establish suggestions on mitigation of these risks for the domestic economy in the medium term perspective including diversification of the foreign economic activity and increasing investments in this market niche.

Forecast of the directions of development of international transport corridors on the territory of the Russian Federation under the current restrictions

The objectives of the study include analyzing the dynamics of the volume of transportation of Russian and imported goods based on a sample of statistical data, comparing the decline in trade turnover in the context of a pandemic and the imposition of sanctions, identifying the main partners in foreign trade and transit under restrictions. The object of the study is the system of international transport corridors passing through the territory of Russia. The subject of the study is the changes in the routes and intensity of mass cargo traffic on the territory of Russia (export, import and transit) caused by sanctions restrictions. The main scientific result is an assessment of the growth of traffic volumes on all types of transport compared to the pandemic period in 2020-2021, identification of priority directions for the development of international transport corridors already existing in Russia and developing routes of mass cargo flows, on the basis of which the organization of the infrastructure of a new international transport is preferable.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

In the context of a rapid and dynamic change in the external environment, the emergence of new requests and changing positions of consumers, increased competition for resources, the emergence of new opportunities for business development based on digital tools, the changing role of human resources, the transformation of internal factors in the activities of organizations lead to a sharp increase in the importance of strategic management. As a result, management involves taking into account many factors: economic, technological, social, political, legal, each of which gives its own vision and understanding of the situation inside and outside the organization. Each organization in market competition operates in conditions of limited resources, which predetermines the need for their rational use in order to increase business efficiency. Therefore, the activities of enterprises and organizations must meet the conditions for achieving maximum results with minimal expenditure of resources. Considering the efficiency, it can be noted that the achievement of the entrepreneur's goal, which consists not only in obtaining, but also in maximizing profits, is possible subject to the growth of the economic efficiency of his business. In the last two or three years, Russian business has had to change its usual methods and schemes of doing business, develop and implement new development strategies. During this period, flexibility is extremely important for business, which helps to respond faster to market changes and quickly release the necessary resources in the face of disruption in supply chains and sanctions restrictions. Therefore, the business management system is flexibly rebuilt, adjusting approaches to planning, regulation, motivation and control in order to maintain and increase its efficiency. The organization management system and its impact on efficiency are considered, the key methods of performance management are revealed, taking into account the application in conditions of external instability.

РАЗВИТИЕ ТЕОРИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

The need to develop the theory of management of innovative activity of an organization is due to the fact that in modern market conditions it is quite difficult to implement projects of innovative activity and innovative processes. In connection with these, there is a need to determine and choose the right innovative strategy for a modern organization. The pandemic has become a global economic, social and environmental challenge for all countries and businesses. When it comes to innovations and the introduction of advanced technologies at Russian enterprises, there are two trends - IT developments and "green" technologies. In the context of a pandemic and a general decline in activity in the economy, many companies have the opportunity to open new business lines that have potential today. Few enterprises can effectively use their innovative potential, so sooner or later they are forced to give up their place in the market to advanced companies. The success of the latter lies in strengthening the innovative component of growth, applying innovations that allow reducing production costs, producing goods that are competitive on the world market, earning additional profits, etc. Today, in the context of exacerbation of geopolitical events, the problem of implementing innovative ideas and introducing advanced technical developments is relevant for organizations, especially for the defense industry, due to lack of time and sanctions restrictions. But, as practice shows, this is possible on the basis of new digital opportunities and innovative activity of the staff. The development of an appropriate innovation strategy will be the set of managerial decisions that are aimed at a qualitative change in the organization with the aim of its effective functioning in the latest conditions.

Оценка применения и возможности повышения результативности антисанкционных налоговых решений в поддержку бизнеса

The sanctions restrictions imposed by the United States and other unfriendly countries on the Russian Federation permanently acquired a large-scale character starting in 2014, especially from 2022. The purpose of sanctions is to weaken the state through destructive impact on the country's economy by various illegal means. The subject of the study is the measures taken by the state aimed at adapting the economy to sanctions restrictions, in particular, including tax regulation tools. The objectives of the work are to assess the effectiveness of the anti—sanctions measures taken in terms of tax policy and to determine the directions for their improvement. It is established that as a result of a number of decisions taken under stressful conditions, the result they were aimed at has not been fully achieved, in particular from the regulation of the exchange rate difference as a component of the tax base. Additional opportunities have been identified to support taxpayers in difficult economic conditions through the use of existing instruments in terms of, for example, VAT regulation in cross-border transactions or the use of additional funds to minimize losses caused by sanctions, as well as through the use of methods to solve new tasks to ensure tax revenues to the budgets of the budgetary system without increasing the tax burden on priority production. The measures of tax control over the use of tax breaks to prevent tax evasion in full are determined, conclusions are drawn that, despite the indirect nature of the impact of tax measures on business activity, they are able, together with other financial instruments, not only to support business activity, but also to develop it.

Угольная отрасль Дальнего Востока России в условиях энергоперехода и санкционных ограничений

It is shown that the development of the world coal market in the long term is determined by the intensity of the energy transition process. It has been determined that the traditional markets for Russian coal in Japan and the Republic of Korea may be lost by 2030 because of the active policies of these countries to transition their economies to carbon neutrality, related to the large-scale reduction of coal generation. The market niche for Russian coal in China in the 2035–2040 period may also be significantly reduced, both because of a general contraction in demand as the economy transitions to carbon neutrality, and as a result of increased competition with other suppliers and the country’s own production. This is also due to increased competition with other suppliers and our own production in the country India is the most promising market for Russian coal in the long term. Sanctions restrictions imposed on the Russian fuel and energy complex, partially supported by Japan and the Republic of Korea. They cause even higher rates of abandonment of Russian coal than expected because of the energy transition. China and India did not support the sanctions restrictions, which, in the face of the loss of traditional sales markets for Russia, made it possible to reorient most of the flows. The Far Eastern coal industry is characterized by more favorable development conditions compared to other regions of Russia. As a result, high industry performance indicators are observed for 2022 and 9 months of 2023, and project development continues. The key factor determining the dynamics of production in the coal industry in the mainland of the Far East is access to scarce infrastructure

Transport and logistics market transformation: prospects for Russian-Chinese integration under sanctions restrictions

Transport and logistics market transformation: prospects for Russian-Chinese integration under sanctions restrictions

КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТНЫЙ ПОДХОД К УПРАВЛЕНИЮ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ ФИНАНСОВО-КРЕДИТНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

Modern business conditions have determined strict requirements for the quality of personnel in general and in the banking sector in particular, which is explained by the increasing role of human resources with the totality of their abilities in economic activity. Such features of the modern market environment form the need for continuous development and improvement of the personnel management system of modern banks. In this regard, it is extremely relevant to analyze the main problematic aspects arising in the conditions of digitalization, the impact of the pandemic and sanctions restrictions in the personnel management system of a modern bank, as well as the priorities of modern personnel policy of banks. Personnel management in a commercial bank is an integral system integrated into the bank's overall management system to solve strategic tasks of providing efficient employees with the most advanced competencies and capable of providing advanced customer satisfaction in banking services. It is obvious that the ongoing transformations of financial markets and institutions caused by digitalization form a huge array of requirements for personnel and for the personnel management system of financial and credit institutions. The array of personnel management methods should not be divided into exclusive for use, i.e. methods should not be grouped to apply only one set of methods for management. It is obvious that as individual as each employee is, management methods should be so diverse. In this regard, the practical methods of personnel management are generally determined by the management style determined by the management of the enterprise; the orientation of the strategic tasks being solved, and the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the team and its employees. It should be borne in mind that the use of certain methods of personnel management in various situations may dominate, but in general they should all be applied together. Today, the focus of management methods is connected with the development of personnel competencies corresponding to the strategic directions of development of a financial and credit organization.

Analysis of the prospects for the gas industry to meet Russia’s needs for primary energy resources and assessment of the possibilities for exporting Russian gas

The capabilities of the Russian gas industry in meeting the country’s internal needs with primary fuel and energy resources are predicted. These opportunities take into account the potential of the oil and coal industries, as well as all other sources (hydroelectric power plants, nuclear power plants, solar energy, wind energy, firewood, etc.) in the period until 2035, taking into account the effects of existing negative factors. After fulfilling the condition of fully meeting the country’s internal gas needs, the prospects for Russian gas exports are assessed. These prospects are assessed both taking into account the implementation of foreign policy and foreign economic factors (sanctions restrictions and their consequences), and taking into account the possible volumes of Russian natural gas production.

Methodological Approaches to Assessing the Sustainable Development of Regions of the Russian Federation Under Sanctions Restrictions

Methodological Approaches to Assessing the Sustainable Development of Regions of the Russian Federation Under Sanctions Restrictions