Sample Of Young People Research Articles

Constructions of self-identification: children of immigrants in Sweden

ABSTRACT This paper is about self-identification by a sample of young people with various migrant backgrounds in Sweden. In a survey we asked them how they present themselves to others in different contexts (in their schools and neighbourhoods or when they are out of Sweden). Our findings suggest that young people’s identification is not fixed. The paths to these various forms of identification are shaped by a variety of individual (class background, parents’ country of origin) and social factors (friendship networks and school composition). The results indicate that those who identified themselves as Swedish or hyphenated tended to be quite similar as regards their other characteristics, while those who presented themselves with the parents’ birth country or religious affiliation have very little in common.

Apoyo comunitario percibido en jóvenes y voluntariado

El apoyo social comunitario se concibe como la ayuda entre las personas que comparten hogares, escuelas, vecindarios, lugares de trabajo, organizaciones y otros entornos comunitarios. El presente estudio se centra en la percepción que una muestra de jóvenes melillenses presenta sobre el apoyo social de su comunidad en función de si se participa o no en actividades de voluntariado. Para ello, se desarrolló un estudio de tipo correlacional. Los principales resultados ponen de manifiesto una relación positiva entre la participación en actividades de voluntariado y el apoyo comunitario percibido relativo a los siguientes elementos: la percepción que poseen los jóvenes sobre la valoración positiva de sus opiniones en su comunidad, el sentimiento de pertenencia a la comunidad, el hecho de colaborar en organizaciones y asociaciones de la comunidad, realizar actividades en su comunidad, formar parte de grupos sociales o cívicos, responder a las llamadas de apoyo en su comunidad, así como ser capaz de animar a los demás y lograr un mejor estado de ánimo. Por su parte, la relación es negativa con la no realización de actividades socio-recreativas en la comunidad. Se discute la necesidad de fomentar actividades de voluntariado entre los jóvenes, lo cual repercutirá en su bienestar e integración comunitaria.

Risk Factors for Self-Harm: Narratives from a Sample of Young People in Northern Ireland

ABSTRACT Self-harm continues to be a growing concern within adolescence and is a globally recognised public health and social problem. Adolescents living in the community who self-harm are extremely common however less is known about these young people. This study focussed on capturing the voice of young people who engage in cutting behaviour to provide insight into the risks associated with this phenomenon. Single semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 adolescents aged 16–18 years who lived within one Trust area in Northern Ireland. Thematic analysis was applied to the transcribed interviews in which themes emerged. The three subordinate themes of onset, persistence and ending of the behaviour encompassed six sub-themes which were further identified as risk factors for the behaviour. Risk factors identified were: ACE’s, poor relationships and difficulties in support networks, exposure to self-harm, psychological issues, “addiction” to self-harm, concealment of harming behaviour—to control and professional and peer support that helps or hinders. These factors support the current literature base however individual and diverse explanations are highlighted which provide further depth, particularly around the concept of addiction and support that hinders young people. Despite the small nature of the study, recommendations for social work practice, clinical practice and other relevant professional practice as well as future research are considered in view of the findings. Key direction outlines the importance of building trusting relationships, continuity of care and continuing to listen to young people as vital to the helping relationship.

Collaborative Family Work in Youth Justice

ABSTRACT A number of studies have found that working with family groups can be successful in improving outcomes for young people and their families. This article reports on a study in New South Wales in which juvenile justice staff offered collaborative family work interventions to young people as part of the routine offerings of a juvenile justice service. The primary objective of this study was to examine the extent to which young people who completed the family work had lower recidivism rates compared to three control groups. The methods included a comparison of recidivism rates between young people who completed the intervention, those who failed to complete, those who declined, and a matched sample of young people who were not offered the intervention. The results of the study indicated that many young people and their families were agreeable to be involved in the intervention and the completion rates were high, particularly if the work was undertaken in the family home. The young people who completed the intervention also had lower recidivism rates than young people in each of the control groups. IMPLICATIONS Collaborative family work can be offered successfully by juvenile justice services to young offenders and their families. Collaborative family work can reduce recidivism rates for those who complete the intervention. It is preferable to conduct the work in the family home where completion rates are likely to be higher.

How to address the caveat of avoiding direct contact: Reducing prejudice towards gay and lesbian people in five Balkan countries

ABSTRACTIn the Balkans, contact with gays and lesbians is typically hostile or avoided. Drawing from probability samples of young people from five Balkan countries (N = 1046), we examined whether it is possible to transfer the effects of contact with other marginalized outgroups (largest ethnic minority in every country, Roma, the extremely poor and physically disabled) to acceptance of gays and lesbians (secondary outgroup), and whether this relationship could be explained by attitude generalization and increased intergroup trust. Path analyses supported the secondary transfer effect: it confirmed that, while controlling for direct contact, contact with other marginalized groups was related to more acceptance of a secondary group; this relationship was mediated by trust. This was found across all primary groups in the combined samples, while the effect varied for different groups in country samples. The results add to the value of intergroup contact as a mean of prejudice-reduction.

Weight-Related Selves and Their Relationship With Body Mass Index Among Young Individuals in Curaçao

Based on the assumptions of self-discrepancy theory, the present study examined the degree of overweight, weight-related body images, and the relation between these images and body mass index (BMI) among two samples of young people from Curaçao (secondary school students, n = 176; undergraduate students, n = 205). In addition to BMI, participants reported their current, ideal, and most feared body sizes, the thinnest and largest body sizes still acceptable to them, and the body size they considered the healthiest by means of the Contour Drawing Rating Scale. We expected females to show a larger discrepancy between current and ideal body size than males (Hypothesis 1) and that this discrepancy (as an indicator of body dissatisfaction) would be related more strongly to BMI among females than among males (Hypothesis 2). Results yielded support for Hypothesis 1 among secondary school students only. Only in the undergraduate sample, BMI and body dissatisfaction were related, but equally so for males and females. Possible explanations are discussed as well as implications for weight management interventions.

ANALISIS KEPUASAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PRODUK ROKOK DJARUM SUPER MLD DI KALANGAN ANAK MUDA

Today's development requires young people in Bandung to follow a lifestyle. Cigarettes are one product that can show a person's lifestyle. Although it has been socialized that cigarettes are not good for health, but because of the demands of lifestyle and influenced by relationships, many young people in the city of Bandung smoke. Many cigarette companies in Indonesia are famous for producing cigarettes that have a distinctive taste. In the research, the level of consumer satisfaction was measured by analyzing the marketing mix indicator on Djarum Super MLD cigarette products among young people in the city of Bandung.
 The method of this research is descriptive method that using primary data in the form of interviews, observation and questionnaires, and also used secondary data. The smpling technique used is purposive sampling, which is a sample of young people over the age of 20 years. The results show that the level of consumer satisfaction in the city of Bandung on Djarum Super MLD cigarette products is at a good level or it can be stated that consumers are satisfied with product of Djarum Super MLD cigarette.

Young Finnish People of Muslim Background: Creating “Spiritual Becomings” and “Coming Communities” in Their Artworks

Abstract In this essay I discuss artworks by a sample of young people with a Muslim background who participated in the Numur—Islam and I exhibition, which was organised as part of the Young Muslims and Resilience (2016-2018) research project. Art exhibitions were staged in November 2017 and March 2018 with eighteen young adult participants/co-researchers. Their artworks included video and textile installations, photo collages, paintings, calligraphy and poetry, dealing with issues such as faith, dialogues between religious communities, gender, belonging and sexual diversity. Here I concentrate on some works by the participants who stated that they leaned on Sufism or spirituality in their working processes, or whose works expressed qualities that may be reflected through the spectrum in which rhizomes of Sufi ways of understanding human existence in the world are present. In their artworks, the participants created fresh ideas about possible encounters, which I interpret as being linked to modern and postmodern ideas of relationships between spaces and “becoming communities.” Likewise, these ideas can be traced to our common philosophical heritage, which is partly based on spiritual mystic thought and practices of different religions. By using art, the participants could embody this legacy, create spaces for themselves and open landscapes for discussions between Muslim believers and people with different religions and worldviews.

Swedish young people’s after-school extra-curricular activities: attendance, opportunities and consequences

Recent research demonstrates that, along with the family, the peer group and the school environment, extra-curricular activities are important contexts for young people’s educational and social development. This article is the result of a survey conducted with a sample of young people in their last year of compulsory school in Sweden and examines both who has access to the different types of extra-curricular activity and the consequences of their participation in the various programmes. As the results indicate, after controlling for respondents’ class and migrant background, their gender and their health, there are positive and significant associations between participation in certain types of activity (sporting, cultural and religious) on the one hand, and students’ school performance and educational expectations on the other. However, attendance at a less-organised activity (youth recreation centres or fritidsgård) shows a negative association with these outcomes. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the gender, social class and migrant background of students affect their rate of participation in many of these activities.

Menilai Tingkat Religiusitas dan Pengetahuan pada Perilaku Beli Generasi Muda Terhadap Produk Pangan Halal

<p><span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">Halal food products are a necessity for a Muslim. However, not all food circulating in the market is halal products, so people must be smart in choosing food products. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and the level of religiosity of young people towards the decision to buy halal food products. Based on the sample of young people from various universities in the Yogyakarta and Surakarta areas the results showed that the level of religiosity and knowledge about halal food products had an influence on purchasing decisions for halal products, except that the level of religiosity had a higher influence. This shows that the level of religiosity is an important factor that needs to be considered especially in promoting halal food products.</span></span></p>

Construct Validity and Internal Consistency of the Catalan Version of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in Young People With Chronic Pain.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the Catalan version of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) in a sample of young people with chronic pain. Two hundred twenty-seven young people with chronic pain (age range = 12-24 years, mean age = 17.87 years, SD = 3.08 years) participated in this study. The findings support a one-factor structure of the PSEQ, and the scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency reliability in our sample. In addition, convergent validity was supported by a loading of average variance extracted (AVE) greater than .50, and discriminant validity was supported by the finding that self-efficacy and pain-related anxiety AVEs were greater than the shared variance between both constructs. Further support for the measure's construct validity was shown by (1) significant and positive associations between PSEQ scores and adaptive coping strategies and (2) negative and significant associations between PSEQ scores and maladaptive coping strategies and catastrophizing thoughts. The results of this study indicate that the Catalan version of the PSEQ is reliable and valid when used to assess pain self-efficacy beliefs in young people with chronic pain.

Factor mixture analysis of paranoia in young people.

Paranoid thoughts are relatively common in the general population and can increase the risk of developing mental health conditions. In this study, we investigate the latent structure of paranoia in a sample of young people. Cross-sectional survey; 243 undergraduate students (males: 44.9%) aged 24.3years (SD 3.5). The participants completed the Green et al. Paranoid Thought Scales GPTS, a 32-item scale assessing ideas of social reference and persecution; the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and the 74-item Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the two-factor structure of the GPTS. Factor mixture modeling analysis (FMMA) was applied to map the best combination of factors and latent classes of paranoia. The GPTS showed excellent internal reliability and test-retest stability. Convergent validity was good, with stronger links with measures of ideas of reference and of suspiciousness than with other measures of psychosis-proneness. CFA showed excellent fit for the two-factor solution. FMMA retrieved a three-class solution with 176 subjects (72.5%) assigned to a baseline class, 54 (22.2%) to a "suspicious and mistrustful" class, and 13 (5.3%) to a "paranoid thinking" class. Compared to the baseline class, the other two classes had a higher risk of psychological distress and psychosis-proneness. The latent structure of paranoid thinking in young people appears dimensional. Although caution is advised when generalizing from studies on college students, screening for paranoid ideation in young people who complain about psychological distress might prove useful to prevent the development of severe and potentially debilitating conditions.

The meaning of working for young people: the case of the millennials

The meaning people attribute to working is a multidimensional construct, accounting for personal values, expectations, beliefs and attitudes towards work, which originates and develops because of life cycle experiences. The main aim of this paper is to contribute to the investigation of the ‘meaning of working’ by focusing on the causal relationships between the core components of the construct in a sample of young people – namely the Millennials – who have not yet entered the labour market. Participants, 466 high school and 357 university students, selected from different educational domains, were invited to fill in a questionnaire encompassing the central variables of the ‘meaning of working’ protocol (that is, work centrality, work goals, valued working outcomes and societal norms about work). Results showed a direct relationship between work centrality and valued working outcomes, and a partial mediation effect of work goals and societal norms about work, in the relationship with work centrality. The results raise several research questions which need to be answered by further investigation, both as regards the current evolution of the construct of the meaning of working and as regards its measurement. The results can also be useful in helping to plan tailor‐made vocational guidance programmes as well as organizational training and development interventions targeted on the specific features of this new workforce.

Význam blogu v marketingovej komunikácii

The new technologies are offering new opportunities and challenges to the companies in marketing communication. Blogs are powerful tools of marketing communication and their proliferation has attracted substantial attention from marketing practitioners (academics as well as marketing managers). The companies have been encouraged to turn their attention from traditional marketing tools to social media, particularly blogs, because they can reach a large audience of existing and potential clients. The aim of this article is to find out if blog could be effective tool of marketing communication. For the purpose of the survey, method of questioning (questionnaire research) was utilised. The subject of the research was a sample of young people from 18 to 30 years old because the previous results of research demonstrate that the relevance of blogging in the buying process is particularly evident among buyers under 35.

Australian Adolescents' Experiences of Aggression and Abuse by Intimate Partners.

International research has shown that intimate partner abuse affects many young people throughout adolescence. Despite a recent focus on family and intimate partner violence in Australia, there is almost no Australian data on the frequency or nature of youth intimate partner abuse (YIPA). The current study sought to better understand the frequency and nature of YIPA in Australian adolescents. To this end, 423 participants aged between 14 and 18 from Victorian (Australian) high schools completed an anonymous questionnaire regarding experiences of perpetration and victimization in their most difficult intimate relationship. Results showed high rates of both YIPA victimization and perpetration among boys and girls who had been in intimate relationships. As was expected, verbally and psychologically aggressive behaviors were reported more frequently than physically or sexually aggressive actions. Mutual YIPA was detected more frequently than unidirectional YIPA, and most commonly involved high severity reciprocal aggression. The current study further confirmed that YIPA is a complex and heterogeneous issue, involving a range of behaviors, patterns of use, and severities. A gender-sensitive approach to the current study allowed for consideration of the similarities and differences between male and female experiences of YIPA. The current study provides a novel method of ascertaining both the frequency and severity of YIPA experiences in a sample of young people, expands on both Australian and international literature, and identifies important gender considerations for future research.

Replicable Associations Between Common Mental Distress and Suicide Risk in Young People: Implications for Clinical Practice and Population Suicide Prevention

Background: Recent evidence suggests that multiple symptoms or diagnoses, partucularly when co-ocuring with non-suicidal self-harm, predict suicide risk more strongly than single diagnosis. Method: Suicidal thought (ST) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) were studies in two independent longitudinal UK samples of young people: the Neuroscience in Psychiatry (NSPN) 2400 cohort (n=2403) and the ROOTS cohort (n=1074). Participants, age 14-24 years, were recruited from primary health care registers, schools and colleges, and advertisements to complete quotas in age-sex strata. We calculated a score on a latent construct Common Mental Distress (the summary measure indexing a broad range of symptoms conventionally seen as components of distinct disorders). We examined the relative prevalence of ST and NSSI over the population distribution of mental distress; we used logistic regressions, IRT and ROC analyses to determine associations between suicide risks and mental distress (in continuous and above-the-norm categorical format); and pathway mediation models to examine longitudinal associations. Outcomes: We found a dose-response relationship between levels of mental distress and suicide risk. In both cohorts the majority of all subjects experiencing ST (78% and 76%) and NSSI (66% and 71%) had scores on mental distress no more than two standard deviations above the population mean; higher scores indicated highest risk but were, by definition, infrequent. Mental distress contributed to the longitudinal persistence of ST and NSSI. Interpretation: Universal prevention strategies reducing levels of mental distress in the whole population (in addition to screening) may prevent more suicides than approaches targeting youths with psychiatric disorders. Funding Statement: The ROOTS study was supported by a Wellcome Trust Grant (Grant number 074296) to I.M.G. and P.B.J., the NIHR Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. The NSPN study was supported by the Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (095844/Z/11/Z) to I.M.G., E.B., P.B.J., R.D., P.F. The work has been carried out in the Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge. Declaration of Interests: E.P., S.N., I.M.G., J.S. and P.B.J. have no competing interests. E.B., P.F. and PBJ are in receipt of National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator Awards (NF-SI0514-10157, and NF-SI-0514-10117. P.F. was in part supported by the NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) North Thames at Barts Health NHS Trust. P.W. has recent/current grant support from NIHR, Cambridgeshire County Council and CLAHRC East of England. P.W. discloses consulting for Lundbeck and Takeda; PBJ discloses consulting for Janssen and Ricordati. E.B. is employed half-time by the University of Cambridge and half-time by GlaxoSmithKline in which he holds stock. Ethics Approval Statement: Written consent from participants age 14 or 15 years was supplemented by written consent from their parent or legal guardian; older participants gave their own written consent. Ethical approval was obtained for Cohort 1 from the National Health Service Research Ethics Service (# 97546) and for Cohort 2 from the Cambridgeshire 2 REC (# 03/302).

Distress, emotional clarity, and disordered eating in young people with complex emotional and behavioural difficulties

BackgroundDisordered eating frequently co‐occurs in young people seeking treatment for mental health and substance use difficulties. High levels of psychological distress and a lack of emotional clarity (LEC) are two constructs that have received recent attention as important constructs underlying this harmful behaviour; however how they interact to precipitate and maintain disordered eating still remains unclear. This study sought to address this gap by examining whether psychological distress moderates the relationship between LEC and disordered eating in a sample of young people with complex emotional and behavioural difficulties.MethodsParticipants were young people (N = 306, M = 20.8 years) accessing youth specific alcohol and other drugs and/or primary mental health services in Australia who completed an online questionnaire which examined their level of emotional clarity, degree of distress, and engagement in disordered eating behaviours.ResultsModeration analysis was employed to examine if psychological distress (i.e., anxiety and depression) significantly moderates the relationship between LEC and disordered eating. A small, significant interactive effect of high levels of depressive symptoms on the relationship between LEC and disordered eating was found. Whereas, anxious affect did not significantly interact with LEC to predict disordered eating.ConclusionsYoung people who struggle to identify and articulate their emotions are more likely to engage in disordered eating in the presence of high distress relating to depressive symptomatology. Addressing LEC through increasing emotional literacy, while treating depressive symptomatology, are key intervention strategies that may assist young people with complex emotional and behavioural difficulties manage disordered eating.

THE SOCIAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES PREPARING FOR ADDICTION IN A SAMPLE OF YOUNG PEOPLE APPLIED STUDY ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

The aim of this study was to identify the social and physiological characteristics of the families that are susceptible to addiction in a sample of young people. The aim was to clarify the main causes of family dysfunction which led to the prevalence of substance abuse and addiction among young people and to the importance of the role of the family in protecting children from falling into the clutches of abuse And substance abuse. The researchers used the descriptive approach. The study was conducted on a sample of (150) single (30) females and (120) males from the youth in the public and private public schools. The researchers used a questionnaire form (social and physical characteristics) Personal. The study reached the following results: That there are significant differences of statistical significance between each of the social characteristics of families vary from place to place so we find the prevalence of the prevalence of narcotic substances in popular weddings, unlike other areas, the study found that cultural heritage has a role in the spread of drugs on the basis of the method of formation and good communication And effective between the family members to make a proper social upbringing for children and avoid the occurrence of family problems so as not to create a gap between the family members, we find the son is the tradition of his father and everyone who is close to him, and also misrepresentation may lead to abuse and addiction to family members as a result of addiction to the father. Among the recommendations reached by the researchers are the training of prisoners to train them on proper social upbringing and scientific methods to solve children's problems and to carry out awareness campaigns to prevent youth from the dangers of drug abuse and addiction, to activate the role of the law and legislations that criminalize the use, addiction, promotion or trafficking of narcotics. Or possession.

Examination of psychometric properties of PROMIS®: Pediatric upper limb measures in youth with cerebral palsy

IntroductionThis study examines the validity and distribution characteristics of the PROMIS® pediatric upper limb measures in a sample of young people with cerebral palsy.MethodData are a cross-sectional subset of a larger prospective study of the responsiveness to change of PROMIS® pediatric measures following surgery to improve functioning in young people with cerebral palsy. Ninety-three participants between the ages of eight and 21 years completed the PROMIS® pediatric mobility and upper limb computer adaptive tests and short forms in conjunction with a set of static “legacy” measures of physical functioning, including a parent-report of upper limb function.ResultsThe PROMIS® Pediatric upper limb short form demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85). PROMIS® pediatric upper limb computer adaptive tests and short form mean values (42.1(11) and 43(10.4), respectively) were nearly 1 SD below normal, which is appropriate when a generic measure is used in a sample of young persons with cerebral palsy. The PROMIS® pediatric upper limb computer adaptive tests had a higher frequency of ceiling effects (29.50%) compared to the short form (18.30%).ConclusionResults of this study suggest that the PROMIS® pediatric upper limb computer adaptive tests and the short form are valid indicators of upper limb function in young people with cerebral palsy. The item bank can be replenished to address ceiling effects.

O início da trajetória ocupacional: quais são seus determinantes?

This work is about the occupational status of the first job, analyzing the effect of socioeconomic inheritance, gender and age of the individual on status. The grounding starts from the area of social stratification of Sociology. The study was composed of a representative sample of the Brazilian population and an intentional sample of young people from the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, concomitantly. The results problematize the inequalities related to the processes of work and education in adolescence and the beginning of the occupational trajectory of the individuals. Keywords: occupational status, first job, socioeconomic inheritance.