Composite Samples Research Articles

SPECIATION OF HEAVY METALS AND MICROBIAL CONTAMINANTS IN HARMATTAN DUST WITHIN THE FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC KAURA NAMODA MAIN CAMPUS, ZAMFARA STATE

Harmattan dust is a natural phenomenon contributing to air pollution due to the presence of heavy metals and microorganisms. This research aimed to determine the speciation of heavy metal and microbial contaminants in Harmattan dust samples within the polytechnic Kaura Namoda. The composite sample of each month, namely, December 2023, January 2024, and February 2024, was collected with the aid of a sterilized petri dish. Five extraction phases were carried out, in order of mobility of the metals: exchangeable ion > metal bound with carbonate > metal bound to iron and manganese oxide > metals bound to organic matter and sulfide > residual phase. This was achieved using Tessie’s method and AAS for extraction and analysis. The result for the heavy metals shows Cr (13.6%) and Zn (25.5%) are more abundant in the exchangeable phases in December and January. Metals bound to Fe and MnO extraction phases have Zn (25.50%) abundance in December and January. The residual phase of extraction shows the highest percentage of pb (95.3%) and nickel (85.40%) for December and January. The bacteria and fungi identified are Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus, Aspergillum, and Clodosporium, respectively. There is no significant difference in physicochemical parameters between the Harmattan dust samples collected in December, January, and February. The percentages of heavy metals in the Harmattan dust are high in the immobility phase of extraction, and bacterial and fungal levels are high in December and January. There is a need for preventive and protective measures to mitigate the health effects associated with...

Modeling of ice-matrix composite fracture

This article discusses the results of a study that used the structural approach to conduct multiscale modeling of composite materials. These materials are composed of an ice matrix that has been enhanced with high-strength basalt fibers. The research involved numerical modeling to analyze the fracture process of composite materials made by freezing fresh water with added basalt fibers. The analysis included experimental data from samples of pure ice and composites with different amounts of filler. The effective modulus of elasticity of the composites was determined by considering the quantity of basalt fiber reinforcement. The discrepancy between the strength obtained by finite element complex ANSYS numerical calculation and the experimental data was revealed by a series of macroscopic test calculations of the composite material sample, according to which the effective modulus of elasticity of the composite was recalculated and corrections were introduced into the Voight and Reuss models, taking into account the non-uniform distribution of the fibers and the non-ideal adhesion between the fibers and water ice. A stochastic model of crack growth at the micro level was also used with the data on the diameter and length of basalt fibers and their random distribution in the layers of the composite material. Using the newly acquired effective elastic moduli and the SmartCrackGrowth algorithm, a satisfactory agreement of the crack growth rate with the obtained by stochastic calculation was achieved. The refined method of effective elastic moduli and multilevel model of stress-strain state calculation of composite materials are recommended for assessing the strength of ice cover and designing winter roads with high load-bearing capacity and long operational duration in the Arctic and Subarctic environments.

Comprehensive analysis of botanical origin and amino acid composition of bee pollen samples from various regions of Turkey

This study aimed to investigate the botanical diversity in bee pollen and amino acid composition of Turkish bee pollen samples collected from different regions. The monofloral bee pollen samples belonged to three different plant families: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Ranunculaceae. Additionally, Agean, Central Anatolian, Black Sea, and Marmara Regions have monofloral bee pollen samples with higher than 85% pollen frequency. The free amino acid (FAA) composition and content of the bee pollen samples were analyzed, with the essential amino acids comprising 13.13–18.28% of the total amino acid content. The Central Anatolian region displayed the highest ratio of essential amino acids, and the Aegean region exhibited a more diverse profile of FAA. Principal Component Analysis was performed to evaluate the variation in the data, with the eigenvalues of the two factors explaining 68.58% of the total variability. Moreover, cluster analysis revealed distinct dendrograms based on palynological characteristics and FAA composition.

Effect of Pretreatments on the Chemical, Bioactive and Physicochemical Properties of Cinnamomum camphora Seed Kernel Extracts.

Cinnamomum camphora seed kernels (CCSKs) are rich in phytochemicals, especially plant extracts. Phytochemicals play a vital role in therapy due to their strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Extracts from CCSK can be obtained through multiple steps, including pretreatment, extraction and purification, and the purpose of pretreatment is to separate the oil from other substances in CCSKs. However, C. camphora seed kernel extracts (CKEs) were usually considered as by-products and discarded, and their potential bioactive values were underestimated. Additionally, little has been known about the effect of pretreatment on CKE. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pretreatment methods (including the solvent extraction method, cold pressing method, aqueous extraction method and sub-critical fluid extraction method) on the extraction yields, phytochemical profiles, volatile compounds and antioxidant capacities of different CKE samples. The results showed that the CKE samples were rich in phenolic compounds (15.28-20.29%) and alkaloids (24.44-27.41%). The extraction yield, bioactive substances content and in vitro antioxidant capacity of CKE pretreated by the sub-critical fluid extraction method (CKE-SCFE) were better than CKEs obtained by other methods. CKE pretreated by the solvent extraction method (CKE-SE) showed the best lipid emulsion protective capacity. Moreover, the volatile substances composition of the CKE samples was greatly influenced by the pretreatment method. The results provided a fundamental basis for evaluating the quality and nutritional value of CKE and increasing the economic value of by-products derived from CCSK.

Evaluation of the Fertility Status of Rice Fields in Giri Jaya Village, Nagrak District, Sukabumi Regency

The research comprises three stages, which include: Field research, Laboratory research, encompassing the analysis of soil chemical properties. Data analysis, conducted both descriptively and quantitatively. Composite soil samples from rice fields were collected at three different elevations (top, middle, and bottom) at a depth of 1-20 cm in the surface layer of the rice field soil. Analysis of paddy soil samples involved measuring pH H2O using the electrometric method, total N, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) using the titrimetric method, potential K2O using the flame photometric method, potential P2O5 and organic C using the spectrophotometric method, K exchangeability and Na exchangeability using the flame photometric method, and Ca exchangeability and Mg exchangeability using the AAS method. Data obtained from soil analysis at different elevations were compared based on soil type for each observed parameter. The research results indicate that the evaluation of nutrient status is influenced by altitude. Land situated at lower elevations exhibits better soil fertility status, followed by land at the upper and middle elevations.

Navigating urban sustainability: balancing livability, smartness, services and environment through AHP analysis

PurposeSustainable urban development involves integrating intelligent technology into urban planning to promote economic growth, social services, and environmental preservation. It fosters inclusiveness, safety, resilience, and sustainability in urban environments. However, this strategy faces challenges balancing economic growth, social equality, and environmental preservation. Design experts must balance economic development with sustainability preservation to achieve sustainable urban development. They depend on technology for smarter communities. The paper aims to identify the criteria for sustainable urban design and design professionals' bias and their awareness of using the fourth industrial revolution technologies.Design/methodology/approachThe research methodology involves a document review to identify criteria and weights for sustainable urban design. A questionnaire was conducted with 30 design professionals to understand their preferences and biases. A hierarchical framework was created, and pairwise comparisons were computed using an AHP Online System. The weight of each criterion was calculated by aggregating normalized pairwise values within each row and dividing by the total number of cells. The Consistency Ratio (CR) was determined by aggregating the values in the row to produce the weighted aggregate value for each principle.FindingsThe document review emphasizes the significance of sustainable urban design, livability, intelligence, and environmental conservation in sustainable communities. However, participants often overlook these aspects, focusing on comfort, privacy, security, and exclusiveness. They also ignore the need for smart city technologies and environmental protection. This lack of understanding may hinder Egypt’s achievement of SDG11.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper’s main limitation is the small sample size and composition, as all participants were Egyptians working in Egypt or the Arabian Gulf region. The findings cannot be generalized, and future research could involve a team from different regions. Egypt needs to address the lack of knowledge and awareness of sustainable urban design principles among design professionals to achieve SDG 11 goals. This can be achieved through educational initiatives, readjusting priorities towards sustainability, harmonizing policy and practice with sustainable urban design principles, and interdisciplinary teamwork. Design professionals should customize their methods to suit local requirements and ecological circumstances.Originality/valueThe paper reveals that many design professionals lack an integrated and holistic understanding of sustainable urban design principles that the document review outlined. Their responses and practices reveal an incomplete understanding of sustainable urban development, requiring attention to organizing the profession, training practitioners, and reforming planning education. The paper shows that AHP has the potential to serve as a suitable instrument for decision-making; nonetheless, it is essential to exercise caution when interpreting its outcomes.

Scale modeling of thermo-structural fire tests of multi-orientation wood laminates

The stacking sequence of laminated wood significantly impacts the composite mechanical behavior of the material, especially when scaling down thermo-mechanical tests on plywood. In previous research, we developed a scaling methodology for thermo-structural tests on samples with similar cross sections, however this paper focused on testing plywood samples with different stacking sequences between the scales. Plywood samples at ½-scale and ¼-scale were subjected to combined bending and thermal loading, with the loading scaled to have the same initial static bending stresses. While the ¼-scale 4-layer [0°/90°]s laminate and the ½-scale 8-layer [0°/90°/90°/0°]s laminate had an equal number of 0° and 90° layers, as the char front progresses, the sections behave differently. Thus, modeling becomes essential to extrapolating the data from the smaller ¼-scale test to predict the behavior of the larger ½-scale test. Reduced cross-sectional area models (RCAM) incorporating classical laminated plate theory were used to predict the mechanical response of the composite samples as the char front increased. Three methods were proposed for calibrating the RCAM models: Fourier number scaling, from detailed kinetics-based pyrolysis GPyro models, and fitting to data from fire exposure thermal response tests. The models calibrated with the experimental char measurements produced the most accurate predictions. The experimental char models validated to predict the behavior of the ¼-scale tests within 2.5%, were then able to predict the ½-scale test behavior within 4.5%.

Investigation of the impact of municipal solid waste disposal site leachate on surface water resources in Hosanna Town, Ethiopia.

Surface water resources are the most precious, yet they are also the most vulnerable to pollution. Consequently, maintaining the sustainability of water supplies is critical for livestock support to achieve SDG goals. Landfill leachate poses a significant threat to water resources in developing countries. This study aims to determine how the Hosanna town landfill site affects the Jewie River by analysing the quality of the Alela and Ajew streams and the landfill leachate in both wet and dry seasons. Furthermore, assess the suitability of the water quality for agricultural purposes. The leachate pollution index (LPI), Canadian Council Member of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCMEWQI), and irrigation water quality indices (IWQI) were computed for both seasons using two composite leachate samples and five flow-pace composite river samples. In the wet season, the leachate pollution indices for L1 and L2 ranged from 20.87 to 22.47, respectively. During the dry season, the leachate pollutant index of L1 and L2 was found to be 24.42 and 27.98. Only the Ajew River stream was affected during the dry season because the landfill site is only 46m away. Both the Ajew and Alela River streams are infested during the rainy season. Irrigation index concentrations revealed that the river water is suitable for cultivation. The early stages of landfill waste maturation are evident from the LPI results. Relocating the dump site is necessary to safeguard water resources because leachate has entered the river streams.

COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL CONTROL OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOIL MEDIA OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the chemical composition of soil samples from different zones. Seasonal changes in qualitative and quantitative soil chemical parameters in autumn and spring were analyzed.

Experimental investigation on the damage accumulation mechanism of 3D orthogonal woven composites under repeated low-velocity impacts

This paper presents an experimental investigation into the response of carbon fiber reinforced composites with various fiber architectures to repeated low-velocity impacts. Mechanical response diagrams, including repetition numbers and damage morphologies of the composite samples, are provided. Varied energy levels (20 J, 35 J, 50 J) and impact numbers (up to 30th) are considered to induce perforated damage in the composite samples. It is found that the mechanical responses of the composite samples under repeated impact events exhibit distinct characteristics in terms of impact threshold and stiffness degradation. The 2D unidirectional (2DUD) laminated composite sample exhibits a high impact threshold during impact events but stiffness rapidly decays after an initial substantial decline. The 2D plain woven (2DPW) laminated composite sample accumulates impact damage at both high and low levels, resulting in a gradual stiffness decrease during impact events. In addition, the 3D orthogonal woven (3DOW) composite sample demonstrates a higher impact threshold with its stiffness gradually decreasing under high-level impacts. In contrast, both 2DUD and 2DPW composite samples exhibit extensive plastic deformation of the resin matrix with minimal fiber fracture, enabling efficient dissipation of impact energy. Conversely, the 3DOW composite sample primarily dissipates impact energy through fiber fracture. Additionally, it is noteworthy that while both 2DUD and 2DPW composites demonstrate enhanced robustness against repeated impacts at low-energy levels, a significant improvement in durability is observed specifically for the 3DOW composite under high-energy level impacts.

A Cu‐MOF‐decorated ammonium polyphosphate for epoxy resins with reduced smoke release and enhanced char layer

AbstractInspired by the significant catalytic charring effect of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), Cu‐MOF decorated ammonium polyphosphate (APP@Cu‐MOF) was prepared by coupling agents to improve the fire safety of epoxy resin (EP). After adding 9 wt% APP@Cu‐MOF, the fire performance of EP is significantly improved with limiting oxide index (LOI) value of 29.4 and UL‐94 V‐0 rating. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total smoke production (TSP), CO production, and CO2 production of EP composite samples decreased by 34.6%, 54.7%, 24.6% and 30.0%, respectively. It is proposed that the synergistic effect among Cu‐MOF and APP promoted the char formation of EP. The dense carbon layers formed a barrier that prevented the transfer of heat and inhibited the release of toxic gases, thus acting as a flame retardant. This work provides a new strategy to develop a high‐efficient MOF‐decorated flame retardant with smoke inhibition, toxicity reduction, and catalytic carbonization effect.

Krótka charakterystyka ochry ze sztolni Marta (Nižná Slaná, Spiš-Gemer Ore Mts

The contribution deals with the study on composition of ochre sample from the Marta adit at Nižná Slaná. Three samples were prepared from ochre by hand picking and screening, which were subjected to GA, AAS, XRF and XRD. Salts precipitated on surface at drying contain 17.7 % S (53 % as SO4), 16.5 % MgO, 13.6 % Fe2O3, 3.54 % CaO and 1 % MnO. As to mineral composition, sulphates such as gypsum, starkeyite and rozenite are dominant. The fraction of grain size under 250 micron contains 30 % Fe2O3, 28.6 % SiO2, 8 % Al2O3, 6.6 % CaO, 2.9 % MgO and 1.95 % S. Notable is content of arsenic in this fraction, which attain as high as 1.84 %. Quartz and gypsum occur as dominant crystalline phases. As to coarser fraction, i.e. under 150 microns, 44.5 % SiO2, 16.8 % Fe2O3, 11.3 % Al2O3, 6.9 % CaO, 2.4 % MgO a 2.3 % C were assayed. Dominant quartz is accompanied by mica, plagioclase, ankerite and dolomite. It was shown that arsenic is bonded in finer grain size fraction.

Integrity Experiments for Geological Carbon Storage (GCS) in Depleted Hydrocarbon Reservoirs: Wellbore Components under Cyclic CO2 Injection Conditions

Integrity of wellbores and near wellbore processes are crucial issues in geological carbon storage (GCS) projects as they both define the confinement and injectivity of CO2. For the proper confinement of CO2, any flow of CO2 along the wellbore trajectory must be prevented using engineered barriers. The effect of cyclic stimuli on wellbore integrity, especially in the context of GCS projects, has been given less attention. In this study, the effect of pressure- and temperature-cycling on two types of wellbore composites (i.e., casing-cement and cement-caprock) have been investigated experimentally in small- and large-scale laboratory setups. The experiments have been carried out by measuring the effective permeability of the composites under pressure and thermal cyclic conditions. Furthermore, the permeability of individual samples (API class G and HMR+ cement and caprock) was measured and compared to the permeability of the composites. The results indicate that the permeability of API class G cement when exposed to CO2 is in the order of 10−20 m2 (10−5 mD) as a result of the chemical reaction between the cement and CO2. In addition, the tightness of the composite cement–rock has been confirmed, while the permeability of the composite casing–cement falls within the acceptable range for tight cement and the CO2 flow was identified to occur through or close to the interface casing–cement. Results from thermal cycling within the range −9 to 14 °C revealed no significant effect on the integrity of the bond casing–cement. In contrast, pressure cycling experiments showed that the effective pressure has a larger influence on the permeability. The potential creation of micro-cracks under pressure variations may require some time for complete closing. In conclusion, the pressure and temperature cycling from this study did not violate the integrity of the casing–cement composite sample as the permeability remained low and within the acceptable range for wellbore cement.

The effect of printing parameters on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced PA6 matrix composites in material extrusion-based additive manufacturing

PurposeThis study aims to understand the effect of the use of different proportions and types of fibers in the polyamide 6 (PA6) matrix during material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (MEX) and the effect of the manufacturing parameters on the mechanical properties. The mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of PA composites that are reinforced with carbon fiber (CF), glass fiber (GF) and as well as hybrid fiber (HF) were investigated.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the effect of nozzle temperature and layer thickness on the mechanical properties of composite samples was investigated in terms of their behavior under tensile, impact and compression loads, manufacturing parameters as well as fiber ratio and type. The results were also consolidated by scanning electron microscopy.FindingsAt 20 Wt.% CF reinforcement PA6 samples, a tensile strength value of 125 MPa was obtained with a 60% increase in tensile strength value compared to neatPA6. The HF-reinforced ones also measured a tensile strength value of 106.69 MPa. This corresponds to an increase of 38% compared to neatPA6. The results also show that HF reinforcement can be an important component for many composites and a suitable material for use under compression loading.Originality/valuePA6, an engineering polymer, can be produced by MEX, which offers several advantages for complex geometries and customized designs. There are studies on different carbon and GF ratios in the PA6 matrix. Using these fibers together in a HF, the examination of their mechanical properties in the MEX method and the examination of the effect of GF reinforcement in the hybrid structure, which has a cost-reducing effect, has been an innovative approach. In this study, the results of the optimization of the parameters affecting the mechanical properties in the production of samples reinforced with different ratios and types of fibers in the PA6 matrix by the MEX method are presented.

NiCo2S4 nanotubes in situ anchored double-layered hollow carbon nanospheres towards enhanced overall water splitting

An efficient approach is developed to fabricate hybrid nanomaterials by anchoring in situ NiCo2S4 components on hollow double-layered carbon nanospheres (DCs). NiCo(CO3)(OH)2 is deposited on DCs and then reacted with S ions to create NiCo2S4 phase. Because of the homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles and well-developed interface, samples reveal excellent electrochemical activity. The compositions of NiCo2S4/hollow DCs (denoted as DCs-x-y, x and y are the molar ratios of Ni and Co in precursors) are adjusted to test the growth kinetics and morphology evolution. Under optimized conditions, the capabilities of composite sample DCs-0.20–0.30 outperform DCs and NiCo2S4 alone, which is ascribed to the high specific surface area and the existence of monodispersed hollow carbon spheres improving the distribution of NiCo2S4 and the overall conductivity to increase active sites. Especially, the optimized sample DCs-0.20–0.30 exhibits high performances and stability for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in both acidic and alkaline conditions and oxidation evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolyte. Furthermore, using DCs-0.20–0.30 sample as both the cathode and anode in the alkaline electrolyzer, the current density of 10 and 100 mA cm−2 at 1.736 and 2.171 V are obtained. The sample also displays excellent durability for 20 h at 10 mA cm−2.

The Role of Alpha-Synuclein in Synucleinopathy: Impact on Lipid Regulation at Mitochondria-ER Membranes.

The protein alpha-synuclein (αSyn) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathy, which includes Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy, and mounting evidence suggests that lipid dyshomeostasis is a critical phenotype in these neurodegenerative conditions. Previously, we identified that αSyn localizes to mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs), temporary functional domains containing proteins that regulate lipid metabolism, including the de novo synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the present study, we have analyzed the lipid composition of postmortem human samples, focusing on the substantia nigra pars compacta of Parkinson's disease and controls, as well as three less affected brain regions of Parkinson's donors. To further assess synucleinopathy-related lipidome alterations, similar analyses were performed on the striatum of multiple system atrophy cases. Our data show region-and disease-specific changes in the levels of lipid species. Specifically, our data revealed alterations in the levels of specific phosphatidylserine species in brain areas most affected in Parkinson's disease. Some of these alterations, albeit to a lesser degree, are also observed multiples system atrophy. Using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, we show that αSyn contributes to regulating phosphatidylserine metabolism at MAM domains, and that αSyn dosage parallels the perturbation in phosphatidylserine levels. Our results support the notion that αSyn pathophysiology is linked to the dysregulation of lipid homeostasis, which may contribute to the vulnerability of specific brain regions in synucleinopathy. These findings have significant therapeutic implications.

Tailored eutectic alloy coating for enhanced EMI and X-ray protection by basalt fiber CNT/epoxy composite

In this study, eutectic-Bi–Sn-coated basalt fiber (BF)-reinforced carbon nanotube (CNT)/epoxy hybrid composites were fabricated for dual functionality, i.e., in managing and shielding clinical X-ray radiation and electromagnetic interference (EMI). BF mats were coated with Bi–Sn nanoparticles and subsequently layered with multi-walled CNTs mixed epoxy resin using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer method. High resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a good dispersion of Bi–Sn nanoparticles over BF and, CNTs within the epoxy matrix. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of Bi–Sn, basalt, and CNT phases in the composites. High-resolution Raman spectroscopy revealed characteristic peaks corresponding to the CNTs, epoxy, and Bi–Sn phases. EMI total shielding effectiveness (SET) analysis in the X-band frequency range (8.2–12.4 GHz) demonstrated that the Bi–Sn/BF/CNT/epoxy (S3) exhibits the highest SET value of 30.4 dB, which is attributable to the synergistic effect of the Bi–Sn coating and CNT filler. Analysis of X-ray-radiation leakage revealed that all the composite samples effectively attenuated X-rays with minimal leakage, limited to 6.8 mR. These results indicate the potential of these composites for applications as eco-friendly, non-toxic, and lead-free various industries including healthcare, electronics, aerospace, and defense.

OBTAINING HUMATE-, NITROGEN AND MOLYBDENUM-CONTAINING LIQUID ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZERS

The presence of humic substances (HS) and microelements in liquid organomineral fertilizers (LOMF) makes it possible to balance the mineral nutrition of plants and thereby increase the agricultural crops yield. The use of such fertilizers significantly increases the efficiency and reduces the costs of using mineral fertilizers. The aim of this work is to study the patterns of new types LOMF obtaining process, including macro- and microelements and physiologically active humic substances, and its composition and properties. Methods. Chemical analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, infrared spectroscopy. Results and discussion. The processes of synthesis of LOMF through the interaction of sodium humate and ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate were studied. Analysis of obtained results showed the same nature of the composition dependence and properties of the obtained LOMF on time. It was found that increasing the time from 10 to 120 min leads to an increase in the yield of humic acids (HAdaf) to 40.08%, the N content to 4.62% and Mo to 0.17%, the amount of COOH to 1.80 mg-eq/g and OHphen. groups – up to 0.71 mg-eq/g. It has been shown that with an increase in S:L ratio from 0.3:100 to 0.7:100, the HAdaf decreases to 36.97%, and the N and Mo contents increase, respectively, to 6.0 and 0.37%. Conclusion. The regularities of the time influence and S:L ratios on the composition and properties of LOMF samples have been established. It has been shown that an increase in time and S:L ratio contributes to an increase in the content of N and Mo, the carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups. The changes in these parameters have different effects on the HAdaf. The presence of HS, N, Mo, COOH and OHphen groups in the resulting products allows them to be used in agriculture and for restoring soil fertility.

Exposure to Chloropropanols and Their Fatty Acid Esters and Glycidyl Fatty Acid Esters in the Sixth Total Diet Study - China, 2016-2019.

Chloropropanols, along with their fatty acid esters and glycidyl fatty acid esters (GEs), are prevalent contaminants in a variety of processed foods, posing potential health risks to humans. In the Sixth China Total Diet Study (TDS), 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPD esters) and GEs were identified as the predominant chloropropanols and their esters in composite food samples. Vegetables (47.0%) and cereals (15.4%) were the major contributors to exposure among the 12 food categories evaluated. The Sixth China TDS highlighted concerns regarding potential health risks associated with dietary exposure to GEs. This study underscores the need for further attention in devising practical strategies to mitigate dietary exposure to GEs.

Study and characterization of BaFe12O19/PVDF composites as electrode materials for supercapacitors

Supercapacitors are an interesting energy storage technology to be studied. This research uses mesoporous BaFe12O19 particles and synthesized Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers as materials to obtain high performance supercapacitors. Composites were synthesized by facile one-step method using BaFe12O19 which was prepared through co-precipitation chemical method with a calcination process at 200 °C along with PVDF with variations in sample composition of BaFe12O19, BaFe12O19 20%, BaFe12O19 30%, BaFe12O19 40%, and BaFe12O19 60%. And finally the fabrication of supercapacitor electrodes is carried out. The result of the synthesized material is distributed grains with the average particle size of each sample ranging from 180 to 185 nm. Then it has the highest peak in crystals with a miller index (114). Furthermore, it has the main functional group, Ba–O with a wave number of 1632 cm−1. Furthermore, the best supercapacitor electrode is BaFe12O19/PVDF 60% which produces an area of 0.51 mVA where the greater the surface area, the higher the capacitance obtained. Then at BaFe12O19/PVDF 60% has the highest power density value at 12.36 Wh/kg and the highest power density value at 299.14 Wh/kg. It is expected that the results obtained can be a reference for further electrode material research.