Salsola Research Articles

The germination of salsola orientalis S. G. Gmel seeds in the context of culture

The article describes the study of the germination of Salsola orientalis S.G.Gmel seeds in the conditions of culture. The literature highlights laboratory germination-this is the percentage of the number of normally germinated seeds. Germination is the main indicator of the quality of the seeds, it is used to determine the yield of seeds, as well as their biological and economic significance. This plant is found in all deserts and semi-deserts of Central Asia. Along with it grow such forage plants as black saxaul, white saxaul, wormwood, salsola arbuscula, ephemera and ephemeroids.

The Larvae of Three Species of Jewel Beetles of the Subgenus Chrysoblemma Jakovlev, 1889, Genus Sphenoptera Dejean, 1833 (Coleoptera, Buprestidae), from Turkmenistan

The larvae of three species of jewel beetles of the subgenus Chrysoblemma Jakovlev of the genus Sphenoptera Dejean are described: Sphenoptera (Ch.) tamarisci beckeri Dohrn reared from Horaninovia ulicina Fisch. et Mey., Atriplex tatarica L. and Salsola arbuscula Pall.; Sphenoptera (Ch.) tomentosa Jakovlev from Salsola arbuscula; Sphenoptera (Ch.) amplicollis Jakovlev from Salsola orientalis S.G. Gmel. and Halothamnus glaucus (Bieb.) Botsch. Differential diagnoses to distinguish them from the previously described sphenopterine larvae are given.

Consistent nest-site selection across habitats increases fitness in Asian Houbara

ABSTRACT Nest-site choice profoundly influences reproductive success and the survival of incubating adult birds. Asian Houbara (Chlamydotis macqueenii) nest in subtly contrasting habitats where the main cause of nest failure is predation. We examined nest-site selection across 3 semiarid shrub habitats that differed in vegetation structure and hypothesized that increased concealment would reduce nest predation. We quantified vegetation structure at 210 nests and 194 random control sites at 2 scales, the “nest area” (50 m radius, considering mean “shrub height” and mean “shrub frequency”) and “nest scrape” (2 m radius, considering a “concealment index”). Variance ratio tests showed that variance in both shrub height and concealment index was lower at nests than at random sites, indicating nonrandom selection. Analysis of the probability of nest occurrence for nest area indicated consistent selection of intermediate shrub heights (shrub height + shrub height2) in the Astragalus, Salsola arbuscula, and S. ri...

The effects of shrubs Salsola arbusculiformis Drob. on soil chemical and physical characteristics in North east rangelands of Iran

The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of Salsola arbusculiformis on soil physico-chemical characteristics in rangelands of in Garmeh Located in northeast of Iran. After surveying the regions, the three sites (karnakh, Aspakho, Robat) with Salsola arbusculiformis were selected. Vegetation cover and soil parameters were sampled by a random systematic method, in each region. Five transects each 100 meter length were selected and then 50 plots by the average of 1m ×2m were randomly chosen and vegetation cover parameters such as percentage canopy cover, production, density and percentage litter were measured in the key area of each site. Soil samples were taken from two depths (0-30, 30-60 cm) under plant and in control areas. The measured characteristics of soil included texture, electrical conductivity (EC), acidity (pH), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Organic matter(OM), CaCO 3 and CaSO 4 .Data were analyzed using SPSS software under windows. One-way ANOVA and T-test were used to compare the data related to planted and control treatments. Results showed that Salsola arbusculiformis significantly increased the amount of K, pH, EC, N, Na (P<0.01), and O.M (P<0.05). In these sites measured characteristics of soil in planted areas were more than the control ones.

&lt;p align="justify"&gt;A new species of &lt;em&gt;Tetranychus&lt;/em&gt; Dufour, 1832 (Acari, Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) from Iran&lt;/p&gt;

Abstract Tetranychus iraniensis Mahdavi & Ueckermann sp. nov. (Tetranychidae) is described from Salsola sp. (Amaranthaceae) in Manujan-Kerman. This species belongs to the group one of Tetranychus by Flechtmann and Knihinicki's grouping. The new species is different from the other species in the group in having a peculiar shape of the aedeagus.

Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Salsola inermis

Background and objective The hydroalcoholic extract from the aerial parts of Salsola inermis exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive effects. The present study deals with the isolation and identification of the chemical constituents of this hydroalcoholic extract. Materials and methods The aerial parts of S. inermis (Forsskal) were collected from wild plants growing near the El-Alamein area in October 2005. Air-dried and powdered aerial parts of S . inermis were extracted with 70% alcohol in H 2 O. The extract was partitioned successively with CHCl 3 , EtOAc, and n -BuOH. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by chemical and spectroscopic analyses. Results and conclusion Phytochemical investigation of the alcoholic extract from the aerial parts of S. inermis revealed 12 compounds, identified as long chain hydroxyl fatty acid 9,12,13-trihydroxydecosan–10,15,19-trienoic acid; trans - N -feruloyl tyramine-4ooo- O -β-D-glucopyranoside; umbelliferone; scopoletin; 3-methyl kaempferol; olean-12-en-3,28-diol; olean-12-en-28-oic acid; stigmasterol-3-β- O -D-glucopyranoside; 3- O -[β-D-glucopyranosyl]oleanolic acid; kaempferol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside; and isorhamnetin 3- O -β-glucopyranoside, in addition to β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and stigmastanol. Some of these compounds have hydroxyl groups, which help in scavenging free radicals and inhibit COX and various mediators involved in the pathogenesis of pain relief.

Immunochemical characterization of Amaranthus retroflexus pollen extract: extensive cross-reactive allergenic components among the four species of Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae.

The importance of Amaranthus retroflexus pollen in causing respiratory allergy has been well ascertained in many countries including Iran with a high positive rate (69%) among Iranian allergic patients. The aim of the present study is to identify the allergenic properties of A. retroflexus pollen. Sixteen patients with allergy to A. retroflexus pollen were selected for the study. The antigenic and allergenic profiles of the A. retroflexus pollen extract as well as pollen extracts from other species of the Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae family, including Chenopodium album, Kochia scoparia, and Salsola kali, were evaluated by ELISA, immunoblotting, and immunoblot inhibition assays. The resolved protein fractions on SDS-PAGE ranged from 10-85 kDa. Several allergenic components (MW 85, 45, 39, 18, 15, and 10 kDa) of the A. retroflexus pollen extract were recognized by using patients' sera by specific antibody of IgE class using ELISA and immunoblot assays. The IgE reactivity of the A. retroflexus pollen extract was partially inhibited by all three pollen extracts tested. The inhibition by the S. kali pollen extract was more than those by other pollen extracts. Moreover, the wheal diameters by the A. retroflexus pollen extract were highly correlated with those by C. album, K. scoparia and S. kali pollen extracts. In conclusion, three proteins with apparent MWs of 39, 45, and 66 kDa are suggested as the common allergenic components among the four pollens from the Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae family. It appears that there are some common (similar) epitopes among the four common allergenic pollens.

Soil amendment with halophytes induces physiological changes and reduces root-knot nematode infection in eggplant and okra

Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood is a soil-borne plant pathogen of roots. Nematode infection results in altered plant growth and physicochemical processes due to gall formation. Many plants contain unique biochemicals that have biocidal properties and offer a potential novel approach to suppress the nematode populations in soil and improve growth of crop plants. In the present study effect of some indigenous halophytic plant species ( Tamarix indica Willd , Suaeda fruticosa Forssk and Salsola imbricata (Schultz) Dandy) were tested against M. javanica . Tested halophytes significantly ( P< 0.001) reduced egg hatching and caused mortality of second stage juveniles (J 2 ) in vitro . These halophytes when incorporated in soil (0.3, 0.5 and 1% w/w) markedly increased growth of eggplant ( Solanum melongena L. cv. Black beauty) and okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus [L.] Moench. cv. Arka anamika) and provided control of root-knot infection at higher doses (0.5 and 1%). Amended eggplants and okra showed significant ( P< 0.001) increase in chlorophylls and decrease in chlorophyll a/b ratio. Protein concentration in leaves of both the plants were increased with 1% amendment of S. fruticosa and S. imbricata . While nucleic acid concentrations were varied with different treatments.

Leveillula cylindrospora . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Leveillula cylindrospora . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of members of the Chenopodiaceae. Mycelium and ascomata form white, then dirty-grey layers on damaged green parts of the host. The fungus is potentially dangerous for some cultivated plants, for example, beet. Records from Italy and Corsica identified as Leveillula taurica s.l. on Beta maritima (Amano, 1986) probably belong in L. cylindrospora . HOSTS: Atriplex halimus, A. sphaeromorpha, A. tatarica, A. turcomanica, Ceratoides fruticulosa, C. papposa, Chenopodium album, C. ambrosioides, C. anthelminticum, C. murale, C. rubrum, Corispermum hyssopifolium, Kochia prostrata, K. scoparia, K. sieversiana, Noaea mucronata, Salsola arbuscula, S. australis (incl. S . iberica &amp; S. ruthenica ), S. canescens, S. kali, S. laricifolia, S. paletzkiana, S. richteri, S. soda, S. tamamschjanae (Chenopodiaceae). [Type host - Ceratoides papposa ( Eurotia ceratoides )] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Canary Islands, Morocco. Asia (temperate areas only): Azerbaijan, Armenia, China, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Korea, Lebanon, Pakistan, Russia (north Caucasus, south Siberia), Tadzhikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Europe: France, Italy, Portugal, Rumania, Russia (southeastern areas of European part, south Urals), Spain, Turkey (European part), Ukraine (southern). TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease, because ascomata containing asci and ascospores have been observed after winter (Gaponenko et al. , 1983, p. 177).

The Identity, Typification and Distribution of Salsola imbricata Forsskal: Studies in the Chenopodiaceae of Arabia 1

The Identity, Typification and Distribution of Salsola imbricata Forsskal: Studies in the Chenopodiaceae of Arabia 1

The influence of lithology, relief and exposure on the soil and vegetation of the arid region of eastern Samaria.

A small complex area in the Samarian Desert was investigated. The rainfall reaches about 250 mm. The area consists of a hill where limestone, chalks, marls and nari crust are exposed. Various young sediments are also present. Mediterranean batha vegetation characterizes the Terra rossa and dark Rendzina soils that cover hard rocks on northern and western slopes. Irano-Turanian vegetation (mainly Noaea mucronata ) covers the Rendzinic Desert Lithosol that has developed from hard chalk on the southern slopes. At the same exposure Saharo-Arabian vegetation (mainly Fagonia mollis and Blepharis ciliaris ) characterizes the soft chalk that is covered by calcareous desert Lithosols. Almost no vegetation was found on marl with a marly desert Lithosol soil cover; only toward the margins is there some cover of Salsola vermiculata. The vegetation on natric Grumic Serozems that developed from clay sediments is restricted to favored spots, like hollows, cracks etc., that receive higher amounts of water. These spots are also relatively leached. A close relationship was found between vegetation characteristics and degree of soil leaching: vegetation diversity and density decrease with the increase of the Exchangeable Sodium Percentage, Sodium Adsorption Ratio and salinity (Electrical Conductivity) values. The same is true with respect to lime content of soils on hard rocks. The reason for these relationships is attributed to different moisture regimes.