Salivary Total Protein Research Articles

Comparison of salivary total protein and electrolyte profile in HIV patients with and without antiretroviral therapy

BackgroundSaliva provides a primary defense mechanism against several infectious diseases through its numerous immunological and non-immunological factors. Alteration in the composition of saliva often compromises its defense mechanisms, predisposing the oral cavity to disease entities. HIV patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART) have shown to exhibit altered salivary composition. These changes are postulated to be a result of the effect of ART on the salivary protein and electrolytes levels. ObjectivesThe present study aims to assess the potential difference in the salivary total protein and electrolyte levels in HIV patients with and without ART. MethodsPatients were divided into 3 groups- Group A (HIV-1 positive patient under ART for at least 6 months)-66, Group B (HIV-1 positive patient not started on ART)-66, Group C (HIV negative patients)–66. Saliva samples were collected and evaluated for total salivary protein and electrolyte levels in all the 3 groups. ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in the salivary protein (p = 0.000) and electrolyte (Sodium, p = 0.000; Potassium, p = 0.039; chlorine, p = 0.027; ionized calcium, p = 0.002) levels among the three groups. ConclusionHIV positive individuals with and without ART have alteration in the salivary composition. Some of these alterations (total protein and iCa levels) are due to the HIV infection, while others (Na, K, Cl) could be due to ART or a combined effect of both. Salivary changes in HIV positive individuals could predispose them to oral diseases. Thus, regular oral examination and prophylactic regimen must be formulated to maintain their oral hygiene and quality of life.

The association between changes of gustatory function and changes of salivary parameters: A pilot study.

The aim of the pilot study was to explore which of the salivary parameters best reflects improvement or deterioration of taste function. A total of 14 patients were included. Taste ability was measured using taste strips and patients rated their symptom strength using visual analogue scales. Salivary parameters (flow rate, total proteins, proteolysis, catalase, total anti-oxidative capacity [TAC], carbonic anhydrase VI [caVI], and pH) were determined and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered. All these parameters were measured twice with a one-year interval to acquire the changes of data. Patients with decreased taste function exhibited a decrease in salivary proteolysis and caVI, and an increase in salivary total protein. Patients with increased taste function also showed an increase in salivary total protein. Δ Salivary flow rate was negatively correlated with Δ taste strip scores. Δ Salivary pH was significantly lower in patients with increased taste function compared to patients with decreased taste function. Δ BDI was positively correlated with both Δ symptoms ratings. Across all patients, symptom ratings decreased while salivary total protein increased; salivary flow rate, proteolysis and caVI decreased significantly compared with baseline. The present longitudinal results suggest that changes of both taste function and taste complaints were accompanied by changes in salivary parameters, indicating that salivary parameters have the potential to be useful in the diagnosis of patients with qualitative taste disorders.

Dynamic Changes in Salivary Cortisol and Protein among Dental Students

Background: Student assessments are the traditional methods of assessing academic success, and they areconsidered to affect one’s career. This study evaluated the levels of salivary stress biomarkers represented bycortisol and total salivary protein during final academic assessments of dental undergraduates.Methods: Saliva samples were obtained, one before the exam another afterwards. Concentrations of salivarystress biomarkers were obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Before the exam, the two parameters were dramatically higher than afterwards, with a substantialdifference between the levels of salivary protein and cortisol (p=0.000, 0.000 consecutively).Conclusion: Stress induced by academic examinations may increase the level of salivary stress biomarkersin the short term.

Salivary and serum concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inhibitory factor, and fractalkine in relation to rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and fractalkine are chemokines that are expressed by a variety of cell types to regulate macrophage inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on their serum and salivary concentrations. Adults with either periodontitis (P, n=21), or with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=23), or with both diseases (RA+P, n=23) were included in the study. Systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (n=22) served as controls. Saliva and serum samples were collected from all participants before the medical and periodontal examinations. Salivary and serum MCP-1, MIF, and fractalkine concentrations were measured by the Luminex technique. Total salivary protein levels were determined by the Bradford assay. Salivary MCP-1, MIF, and fractalkine concentrations were elevated in both RA groups (RA+P and RA) in comparison with systemically healthy controls. As related to total salivary protein levels, higher MCP-1 (P=0.003) and fractalkine (P=0.045) concentrations were found in controls compared with the P group. In serum, MCP-1 concentrations in the RA+P group were higher (P=0.003) than those of group P. Elevated serum fractalkine concentrations were observed in both periodontitis groups (RA+P, P=0.014; and P, P=0.013) compared with controls. In RA, MCP-1, MIF, and fractalkine concentrations are elevated in saliva. These chemokines may disrupt oral macrophage responses and potentially take part in the interaction between periodontitis and RA.

Antioxidant Responses in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women after Acute Beetroot Juice Ingestion and Aerobic Exercise: Double Blind and Placebo‐Controlled Crossover Trial

This study is aimed to analyze the effect of different nitrate concentrations [NO3-] present in beetroot juice (BJ) on salivary oxidative stress markers after acute exercise performance in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Thirteen hypertensive postmenopausal women participated in three experimental sessions, taking different beverages: noncaloric orange flavored drink (OFD), low nitrate (low‐NO3-) BJ, and high nitrate (high‐NO3-) BJ. The participants performed aerobic exercise on a treadmill, at 65–70% of heart rate reserve (HRR), for 40 min. Saliva samples were collected after an overnight fast, 10 minutes before BJ ingestion at 7 : 20 am (0 ′), 120 minutes after beverages ingestion (130 ′), immediately after exercise (170 ′), and 90 min after exercise (260 ′). Salivary total protein (TP), catalase activity (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity by ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) concentrations were analyzed. No interaction (session∗time) was found among three sessions over time. Catalase area under the curve (AUC) was lower after both low‐NO3- and high‐NO3- consumption (p < 0.001), and GSH AUC was lower after high‐NO3- (p < 0.001) compared with OFD. So, the acute intake of BJ with aerobic exercise seems to decrease catalase (in high‐NO3- and low‐NO3-) and GSH (in high‐NO3-), besides not interfering with FRAP in hypertensive postmenopausal women.

Measurement of Urea in the Saliva of Healthy Mice – a Pilot Study

Salivary urea is studied as a non-invasive alternative for screening and monitoring of renal diseases. Its high variability prevents a wider clinical use. Animal experiments are needed to identify factors affecting this marker. The aim of this study was to describe the inter-individual variability of salivary urea in healthy mice, establish reference intervals, and analyse the effects of sex, age and body weight. Plasma and saliva samples were obtained from 37 male and 41 female healthy adult CD1 mice aged 13–69 weeks (body weight 22–51 g). The reference interval for salivary urea in heathy mice based on our results is 2.7–8.4 mmol/l (CV = 23 %). Multivariate analysis did not show any significant effect of age, sex, or body weight. In addition, salivary urea did not correlate with its plasma concentrations. The high variability of the promising salivary marker of kidney function in healthy mice requires further research before its use to diagnose or monitor renal failure in animal models of kidney diseases. Other potential confounders should be analysed, including intra-individual and pre-analytical variability. In addition, a normalization factor such as total salivary proteins or salivation rate is likely needed.

Role of sialic acid, protein, and sugar parameters of saliva and serum as a diagnostic biomarker tool among oral squamous cell carcinoma patients at rural Kanpur: An evaluative case—control assessment

Context: It is essential to identify cancer at an early stage to reduce the disease's morbidity and mortality. Noninvasive methods such as serum and saliva analysis, in comparison to existing biopsy, can provide a cost-effective approach for screening a large population. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate sialic acid (SA), protein, and sugar in serum and saliva of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients with controls to assess their role as a diagnostic marker. Settings and Design: Unstimulated whole saliva and serum were collected. Subjects and Methods: Unstimulated whole saliva and serum were collected. From sixty controls and 78 squamous cell carcinoma patients. Serum and salivary total sialic acid, total protein, and total sugar estimation were carried out. Statistical Analysis Used: The results were tabulated and analyzed statistically using the t-square test, Pearson correlation with SPSS 21 version statistical software. Results: A significant rise in the salivary and serum SA as well serum protein was observed in OSCC study patients as compared to controls. Salivary protein, serum, and salivary sugar also show significant results. Furthermore, serum and salivary SA levels were found to be significantly increased with histopathological grading. Conclusions: The present study showed a significant and gradual increase in serum and salivary SA, protein, and sugar from control to oral cancer. From this study, we can suggest that SA can be used as a reliable biomarker in saliva for screening and early detection of oral cancer.

Salivary Heme Oxygenase-1: A Potential Biomarker for Central Neurodegeneration

Background:Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting 2% of the population over 65 years of age. PD diagnosis is based on clinical examination and can only be confirmed during autopsy. In 2018, we reported that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible stress response protein important for heme catabolism and implicated in PD pathology, was higher in PD saliva relative to healthy controls, suggesting that salivary HO-1 may serve as a potential biomarker of PD.Objectives:To ascertain whether HO-1 protein levels are elevated in PD saliva relative to degenerative neurological, non-degenerative neurological and healthy controls.Methodology:The study included 307 participants comprising 75 participants with idiopathic PD and 3 control groups: 162 non-neurological, 37 non-PD degenerative neurological, and 33 non-degenerative neurological participants. Salivary HO-1 and total protein concentrations were measured using ELISA and BCA assay, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to estimate model discrimination. Analyses were adjusted by age, sex, total protein, and relevant comorbidities.Results:Elevated HO-1 concentrations were observed in the PD group and other neurodegenerative conditions compared to subjects with no neurological or non-degenerative neurological conditions. ROC curves using HO-1 levels and covariates yielded areas under the curve above 85% in models for PD or neurodegenerative conditions versus controls.Conclusions:Salivary HO-1 concentrations in combination with covariates may provide a biomarker signature that distinguishes patients with neurodegenerative conditions from persons without.Classification of evidence:This study provides Class III evidence that salivary HO-1 multivariable models can distinguish neurodegenerative conditions.

Salivary total protein levels among healthy controls, chronic gingivitis patients and chronic periodontitis patients

Background: Periodontal diseases are one of the most common chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases in the world that can be diagnosed by clinical, radiographic signs and some biomarkers. Saliva contains locally and systemically derived markers that can aid in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases. The aim of the present study was designed to evaluate salivary total protein levels in patients with chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Five milliliters of unstimulated whole saliva samples was collected from a total of 113 individuals; each of the healthy and chronic gingivitis groups was included 39 participants and 35 patients in the chronic periodontitis group. Salivary total protein levels, gingival index (GI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level were recorded in the respective groups. Salivary protein estimation was done by direct ultraviolet absorption method, and determination was based on biuret method. Results: The mean salivary total protein levels in the healthy, chronic gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis groups were 1.52, 2.58, and 6.30 g/dl, respectively. The salivary total protein levels of gingivitis and periodontitis patients were 1.6 and 4.2 times higher than healthy controls, which were statistically significant (P < 0.001). In addition, GI (r = 0.476) and PBI (r = 0.490) were significantly correlated with protein levels in gingivitis patients. However, PPD was significantly correlated with protein contents in only periodontitis patients (r = 0.387). Conclusions: Increased total protein levels are related to the severity of periodontal diseases, and it may serve as a biomarker in inflammation of the periodontium.

Interaction of a Procyanidin Mixture with Human Saliva and the Variations of Salivary Protein Profiles over a 1-Year Period.

Procyanidins are widely associated with astringency perception and promptly interact/precipitate salivary proteins (SPs). In this work, the SP profile of 17 volunteers was monitored for 1 year, focusing on the SP families most related to astringency [aPRPs (acidic proline-rich proteins), bPRPs (basic proline-rich proteins), gPRPs (glycosylated proline-rich proteins), cystatins, P-B peptide, and statherin]. Although the total SP content remained constant, bPRPs showed high variability. Saliva from 5 volunteers was selected, each individual's saliva presenting a prominence in one of the referred SP families; each was used to interact with grape seed procyanidin oligomeric fraction. Independent of the prominences, a total depletion in statherin and P-B peptide was observed. These subjects performed a sensory assay and the limit of detection for astringency was determined. Overall, the specificity of SP toward procyanidins seemed to be more important in the interactions than the total SP content. The highest reactivity toward SPs was observed for epicatechin gallate, procyanidin dimers B7, B2g, and trimer C1.

Salivary antioxidant enzymes associated with oral toxicity in haematopoietic cell transplantation: An observational study.

In haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), oral mucositis and xerostomia are related to conditioning-related oxidative stress. The role of salivary antioxidant enzymes in oral toxicity is poorly described. The aim of this study was to verify the association between salivary antioxidant enzymes and oral mucositis and xerostomia in HCT. Saliva from autologous and allogeneic HCT patients (n = 77) was selected before conditioning (T0), during the neutropenia period (T1) and after marrow engraftment (T2). Salivary flow, total salivary proteins, and superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities were measured. There were no significant differences in salivary flow, total salivary proteins and catalase at the three HCT time points. Glutathione reductase levels were reduced at T1 compared to T0 (P=.013) and T2 (P=.001). Superoxide dismutase levels were increased from T0 to T2 (P=.013). Neither of these enzymes was associated with oral mucositis. Increased superoxide dismutase levels were associated with xerostomia frequency. Levels of this enzyme also showed significant correlation with days of xerostomia in T2 (ρ=.40, P=.002). Salivary antioxidant enzymes changed before and during early periods after HCT. The increase in salivary superoxide dismutase suggested partial activation of the salivary antioxidant system and was associated with xerostomia.

Correlation between the extent of smoking, salivary protein profiles, and dental caries in young adult smokers

Context.Proteins in the saliva are one of the defense mechanism factors that can protect the oral cavity from disease. However, smoking might affect the properties of saliva. AimTo determine the differences in salivary protein profiles and total concentrations in smokers and non-smokers and their correlation with dental caries severity as indicated by the Decayed, Missing, Filled-Teeth (DMF-T) scores. Methods and materialThis cross-sectional study included 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers. The DMF-T scores were recorded. The total salivary protein was measured by the Bradford method, and the profile proteins were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). ResultsThe average of salivary protein concentration in smokers was lower than that in non-smokers (551.486 µg/mL versus 765.361 µg/mL), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Further correlation analyses showed a negative correlation between the concentration of proteins based on the extent of smoking. A weak negative correlation was found between protein concentration and DMF-T scores (r = −0.239). Dominant salivary protein bands of 11.6 kDa and 54.5 kDa were found in smokers and 27 kDa, 60 kDa, and 94.5 kDa were found in non-smokers. ConclusionDifferent protein bands appeared in smokers and non-smokers. There was a weak correlation between protein concentration, DMF-T scores, and the extent of smoking.

Salivary Cytokines in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome versus Healthy Children: A Comparative Study.

Background: The aims of this study were to compare salivary cytokines and total protein between children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and healthy children, and to examine whether saliva parameters can differentiate between steroid sensitivity and resistance and between disease remission and relapse. Methods: Twenty-seven children with nephrotic syndrome were classified according to steroid sensitivity and resistance, and disease remission and relapse. Twenty healthy children served as controls. Whole saliva samples were collected from all the participants. Urine and blood tests done on the same day as the saliva collection were recorded. Salivary total protein was quantified using bicinchoninic acid and IFNγ, IL-4, IL-8, IL-6, and IL1β levels using ELISA. Results: The mean ages of the nephrotic syndrome and control groups were 11.3 ± 2.4 and 9 ± 4.2, respectively. Compared to the control group, for the nephrotic syndrome group, total salivary protein was significantly lower, as were the levels of all the cytokines examined except IFNγ. Statistically significant differences were not found in any of the salivary markers examined between the children with nephrotic syndrome who were treatment sensitive (n = 19) and resistant (n = 8). Protein and IL-8 salivary levels were lower in the active (n = 7) than in the remission (n = 20) group. Conclusions: Salivary parameters distinguished children with nephrotic syndrome in relapse from healthy children. This may be due to decreased salivary protein excretion, which reflects decreased plasma levels, consequent to proteinuria. Accordingly, salivary markers may be developed as a diagnostic or screening tool for NS activity.

Differences in salivary flow and composition between age groups are correlated to dynamic retronasal aroma perception during wine consumption

Salivary flow and composition have been related to the dynamics of retronasal aroma release during wine consumption. However, whether differences in saliva composition among age groups are related to wine aroma perception remains unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this work has been to determine the relationship between salivary parameters and the dynamics of wine retronasal aroma perception in two groups of individuals of different age (young and senior adults). To do so, 22 individuals, 11 from the young group (18–35 years old) and another 11 from the senior group (>55 y.o.) were recruited for this study. The retronasal aroma intensity of two specific aroma attributes (smoked and black pepper) of a red wine was rated by using Time-Intensity (TI) methodology. Saliva was previously collected from each individual. Salivary flow and composition (pH, total protein content, protease and α-amylase activities) were determined in order to characterise the two groups of panellists. Results showed significant differences among age groups (young and seniors) in the TI parameters extracted from the dynamics curves of retronasal aroma perception of both attributes. Thus, smoky and black pepper notes were more intensely rated and for longer times by the senior group than by the younger group. Salivary parameters were also significantly different in both age groups. A significant positive correlation between the salivary total protein content and the maximum intensity (Imax) perceived, and a significant negative correlation between the salivary flow and most TI parameters (Imax, area under the curve and duration time of the perceived stimuli) were found for both aroma attributes.

Salivary biomarkers of cellular damage and oxidative stress following of lower third molar surgical removal

Salivary biomarkers of cellular damage and oxidative stress following of lower third molar surgical removal

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SERUM AND SALIVARY BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II WITH HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS

Introduction: Blood is the gold standard body fluid for diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) but saliva can offers an alternative to serum as a biological fluid for diagnostic purposes because it contains serum constituents. People wants that medical science should promote non invasive method for diagnosis of disease.
 Aim: The study was conducted to estimate and compare serum and salivary glucose, total protein, calcium and phosphorus levels in DM type ll and healthy subjects and to evaluate whether saliva can be used as a diagnostic fluid in DM type ll patients. The target population of this study was individuals who have Type-2 DM for different period of time and resident INDORE.
 Materials & Methods: Study consisted of 50 subjects from OPD/IPD Index Medical College & Research Center, INDORE, MADHYA PRADESH, India. The study groups were divided into Group I-25 DM patients (TypeII) and Group II-25 healthy subjects. The saliva and serum samples were collected from each subject and levels of different biochemical parameters were estimated.
 Result: were noted. On comparing values in saliva and serum, among two groups, a significant difference (p<0.005) was found between few of them.
 Conclusion: Values regarding blood and salivary biochemical parameters were distinctly different between two groups suggesting salivary parameters can be used as a diagnostic alternative to blood parameters for diabetes mellitus.

Oral physiological and biochemical characteristics of different dietary habit groups II: Comparison of oral salivary biochemical properties of Chinese Mongolian and Han Young adults

Saliva is an important component of food oral processing affecting the initial digestion and the formation of food bolus. It has been speculated that salivary biochemical properties could directly influence one's dietary habits, and vice versa. To date, there are few studies that investigate the possible relationships between dietary habits and salivary biochemical properties in Chinese participants from different dietary background. This study examined two Chinese ethnical groups of very different culture of food consumption, Han and Mongolian healthy young participants, as research participants to explore the differences in salivary biochemical properties and possible associations with dietary preferences. Chinese Mongolians tend to consume more red meat and dairy products, and Chinese Han tend to consume more carbohydrates as suggested by official data; therefore, a total of 304 healthy participants (200 Han and 104 Mongolian) were recruited for salivary compositional analysis. Results showed that for Mongolian participants’ unstimulated salivary lipolytic activity (0.10 U/mL) and stimulated salivary lipolytic activity (0.09 U/mL) are significantly higher than those of the Han (0.03 U/mL, 0.04 U/mL) (p < 0.01), but their stimulated salivary α-amylase activity (2733 U/mL) was significantly lower than that of Han (3596 U/mL) (p < 0.01). Unstimulated and stimulated salivary total protein content of Chinese Han participants were significantly higher than those of Mongolian participants (p < 0.0001, p = 0.043). These findings have showed our initial hypothesis of possible associations between dietary habits and salivary biochemical properties.

Salivary flow, amylase, and total protein in hospitalized patients with HIV infection / AIDS complications.

Saliva is a complex secretion produced daily by the salivary glands. Saliva consists mainly of water, enzymes, ions and amino acids and performs several important functions in oral health. The aim of this study was to investigate the flow rate and concentrations of amylase and total proteins in the saliva of hospitalized patients due to AIDS complications. Ninety-three men and women (20-64 years of age) were divided into two groups (46 HIV-infected patients and 47 controls) and had salivary flow rate and levels of amylase enzyme and total proteins evaluated. The mean salivary flow rate was lower in individuals with HIV when compared to controls (P < 0.05). No significant difference between amylase enzyme levels and total proteins were observed in the saliva of patients with HIV infection when compared to controls. Individuals with HIV / AIDS infection (in hospital treatment) suffer no interference in levels of amylase and total salivary proteins, but they have significantly reduced salivary flow.

Salivary Gland Dysfunction, Protein Glycooxidation and Nitrosative Stress in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease.

This study is the first to evaluate protein glycooxidation products, lipid oxidative damage and nitrosative stress in non-stimulated (NWS) and stimulated whole saliva (SWS) of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) divided into two subgroups: normal salivary secretion (n = 18) and hyposalivation (NWS flow < 0.2 mL min−1; n = 12). Hyposalivation was observed in all patients with severe renal failure (4–5 stage CKD), while saliva secretion > 0.2 mL/min in children with mild-moderate CKD (1–3 stage) and controls. Salivary amylase activity and total protein content were significantly lower in CKD children with hyposalivation compared to CKD patients with normal saliva secretion and control group. The fluorescence of protein glycooxidation products (kynurenine, N-formylkynurenine, advanced glycation end products), the content of oxidative damage to lipids (4-hydroxynonneal, 8-isoprostanes) and nitrosative stress (peroxynitrite, nitrotyrosine) were significantly higher in NWS, SWS, and plasma of CKD children with hyposalivation compared to patients with normal salivary secretion and healthy controls. In CKD group, salivary oxidation products correlated negatively with salivary flow rate, α-amylase activity and total protein content; however, salivary oxidation products do not reflect their plasma level. In conclusion, children with CKD suffer from salivary gland dysfunction. Oxidation of salivary proteins and lipids increases with CKD progression and deterioration of salivary gland function.

Antioxidant Effect of Folic Acid and its Relation to Salivary Proteins and Oral Health

Aims: To assay the effect of systemic treatment with folic acid on salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total protein (TP) in relation to oral health indices of patients with chronic gingivitis. Materials and Methods: Forty patients were classified into two groups :- Group 1: (n:20) chronic gingivitis patients, did not receive any medication (control group), Group 2: (n:20) chronic gingivitis patients (treatment group), received 1 mgday oral tablet of folic acid for 42 days. At the beginning of study, scaling and polishing have been carried out for each volunteer to reach the base line for gingival index and oral hygiene index. In the next day, these indices were measured for all participants , then measured after 21 days then after 42 days from treatment. At all visits, five milliliters of unstimulated saliva were collected for measurement of salivary TAC and salivary TPby spectrophotometer. Results: the results revealed that there is a significant difference in salivary TAC of treatment group after 6 weeks, no significant difference in salivary TP during study period, no significant difference in gingival index and oral hygiene index between treatment and control group. Conclusions: sub-acute using of systemic folic acid in chronic gingivitis patients improves salivary TAC and decrease salivary TP slightly . Results: the results revealed that there is significant difference in s. TAC of treatment group after 6 weeks, no significant difference in salivary TP during study period, no significant difference in gingival index and oral hygiene index of treatment group Conclusions: sub-acute using of systemic folic acid in chronic gingivitis patients improves salivary TAC and decrease salivary TP slightly .