Salivary pH Changes Research Articles

Efficacy of Probiotic and Herbal Chewing Gums on Salivary pH in 6-11 years age group Children: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Introduction: Saliva is a crucial diagnostic tool to evaluate oral health. Chewing sugar-free gum is an effective method to increase salivary flow and can also be employed a medium for the administration of medicinal ingredients. Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of chewing xylitol, herbal and probiotic chewing gums on salivary acidogenicity levels. Materials and Methods: A single centre, randomised, double blind, parallel clinical trial was conducted on 60 children aged between 6-11 years. Baseline salivary pH was recorded With the pH meter and then the participants were asked to consume chocolate and salivary pH was recorded at an interval of 5, 30, and 60 minutes. Then children were randomly allocated to Group A-Xylitol chewing gum (control group, n=20), Group B-Herbal chewing gum (n=20), and Group C-Probiotic chewing gum (n=20) and instructed to chew gum according to their assigned group and salivary pH was again recorded at an interval of 5, 30, and 60 minutes. The change in salivary pH was evaluated using ANOVA and Post hoc Bonferroni test. Results: The mean age of the study population was 9.23±1.38 years. Statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in pH was recorded post consumption of probiotic, xylitol and herbal chewing gums and the mean salivary pH values recorded at 60 minutes were 7.20±0.21, 7.01±0.23 and 6.43±0.22, respectively. Conclusion: The observations of the study showed that xylitol, herbal and probiotic chewing gums reversed the fall in salivary pH after an acidogenic challenge with probiotic being better among the three groups.

An In Vivo Comparison of the Effect of Sugar-Free Chewing Gum on Salivary Flow Rate and pH in Children at High Risk and Low Risk for Dental Caries

Aim The purpose of the study was to compare the changes in salivary pH and salivary flow rate after chewing xylitol-containing chewing gum in children at high risk and low risk for dental caries.Method Forty school children aged 9 to 12 years were selected for the study according to the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups - Group A 20 children at high caries risk for dental caries and Group B 20 children at low risk for dental caries. Initially baseline saliva samples were collected for both the groups and subjected to salivary pH and flow rate assessment. Following this the children were instructed to chew xylitol-containing sugar-free chewing gum for 10 minutes. Salivary pH assessment was done at different time intervals like 0 15 30 45 and 60 minutes. The salivary flow rates were measured once the froth settled.Results Data was analyzed statistically using repeated-measures ANOVA. After chewing sugar-free gum salivary flow rate showed no significant difference pgt0.05 between Group A and Group B whereas salivary pH showed a statistically significant difference plt0.001 between the two groups at different time intervals.Conclusion Xylitol-containing sugar-free chewing gum showed an elevated salivary pH in children at high risk for dental caries when compared to the low-risk group while it showed an equal effect on salivary flow rate in both the groups. Xylitol-containing chewing gums were more effective in children at high risk for dental caries than the low-risk group.

Salivary pH changes under the effect of stainless steel versus elastomeric ligatures in fixed orthodontic patients: a single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundFluctuations in pH of saliva during a prolonged treatment course influences the enamel demineralization progress, which is one of the complications of fixed orthodontic treatment. This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate and compare the short-term effects of stainless steel (SS) versus elastomeric (EM) ligatures on salivary pH in patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic treatment.MethodsSeventy participants were enrolled in the study (54 female, 16 male) aged 19–36 years who met specific inclusion criteria. They were randomly selected and allocated into two equal groups through computer-generated randomization. All patients received fixed orthodontic treatment using conventional orthodontic brackets. Two commonly used archwire ligature methods were used: SS and EMs. An unstimulated (resting) salivary sample was collected before tying of the ligatures at T0 (baseline), 2 weeks, 6 (weeks), and 12 (weeks). Salivary pH was measured using a digital pH meter. The level of significance was set at p value < 0.05.ResultsThe salivary pH level was stable between T0 and T1 (6.72 ± 0.14), then significantly and progressively increased from T1 to T2 (6.78 ± 0.13) and from T2 to T3 (6.81 ± 0.14) with (p < 0.05) in the SS group. In the EM group, the salivary pH level was significantly decreased in all follow-up periods; T0 (6.77 ± 0.16), T1 (6.72 ± 0.14), T2 (6.67 ± 0.13) and T3 (6.64 ± 0.13).ConclusionThe EM ligatures showed a significant decrease in salivary pH to an unfavorable level, which increased the risk of enamel demineralization. Therefore, EMs as ligature material is preferably should not be recommended in patients with high caries index or inadequate oral hygiene.Trial registration ANZCTR.org. (ACTRN12618001647224) http://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12618001647224.aspx. Registration Date: 5/10/2018, “Retrospectively registered”.

FLUOR PADA RESTORASI GLASS IONOMER CEMENT DAN RESIN KOMPOSIT TERHADAP PERUBAHAN pH

Aesthetically, a consideration in carrying out dental caries restoration. material which is often used as a restoration material is glass ionomer cement and composite resin, this restoration material is tooth-colored, has good strength and both contains fluorine and gives a good aesthetic. The purpose of this study is to see the effectiveness of fluoride content in both of these materials against changes in salivary pH in preventing secondary caries. This type of experimental research with the design of one group pretest-posttest design, sampling using a simple random sampling technique. The location of the study was 32 students in the fifth grade SDN Rajabasa Jaya, Bandar Lampung. It was concluded that the restoration using glass ionomer cement overlay material was more significant in influencing changes in salivary pH compared to composite resin material overlay, the release of fluorine in glass ionomer cement restoration was highest on the 7th day after restoration, decreasing the next day.

Evaluation of Some Salivary Parameters in a Group of Children Suffering From Rampant Caries in Ismailia City

Introduction: Rampant caries (RC) is a severe form of dental decay with multifactorial origin. RC poses a challenging management problem for dentists and patients. Aim: the aim of the study was to evaluate and compare between some salivary parameters: pH, buffering capacity, total protein, flow rate and zinc concentration in a group of children suffering from rampant caries and others with normal caries activity in Ismailia city. Material and methods: sixty apparently healthy children aged from 3-5 years of both sexes. According to dmfs index the selected children were divided into three groups. Saliva samples were examined for salivary pH changes, measured by pH meter, Buffering capacity by titratable acidity, Total protein by colorimetric method, Flow rate by drooling method and Zinc concentration using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: there was no statistically significant difference between mean salivary pH values in three groups. Salivary buffering capacity results showed, group I had a statistically significantly highest mean buffering capacity, There was no statistically significant difference between group II and group III, salivary total proteins showed no statically significant difference between group I and group II; both showed the statistically significant highest mean total protein, but group III showed the statistically significant lowest mean salivary total protein. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in salivary flow rate and Zn concentration. Conclusion: salivary pH, flow rate and Zn conc. can’t be used as an indicator for occurrence of rampant caries but salivary total protein and salivary buffering capacity may be used. Introduction: Rampant caries (RC) is a severe form of dental decay with multifactorial origin. RC poses a challenging management problem for dentists and patients. Aim: the aim of the study was to evaluate and compare between some salivary parameters: pH, buffering capacity, total protein, flow rate and zinc concentration in a group of children suffering from rampant caries and others with normal caries activity in Ismailia city. Material and methods: sixty apparently healthy children aged from 3-5 years of both sexes. According to dmfs index the selected children were divided into three groups. Saliva samples were examined for salivary pH changes, measured by pH meter, Buffering capacity by titratable acidity, Total protein by colorimetric method, Flow rate by drooling method and Zinc concentration using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: there was no statistically significant difference between mean salivary pH values in three groups. Salivary buffering capacity results showed, group I had a statistically significantly highest mean buffering capacity, There was no statistically significant difference between group II and group III, salivary total proteins showed no statically significant difference between group I and group II; both showed the statistically significant highest mean total protein, but group III showed the statistically significant lowest mean salivary total protein. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in salivary flow rate and Zn concentration. Conclusion: salivary pH, flow rate and Zn conc. can’t be used as an indicator for occurrence of rampant caries but salivary total protein and salivary buffering capacity may be used.

Changes in salivary flow rate and pH in pregnancy.

To evaluate changes in pH and Flow Rate (FR) of the Unstimulated Whole Saliva (UWS) in a sample of pregnant women in different gestational periods. After collecting demographic data and medical histories, as well as conducting an oral examination, a sample of pregnant women were instructed on how to prepare prior to the sample collection. At a time between 11.00 and 12.00 a.m., they were subjected to salivary collection (spitting method, time 5 minutes); the measurement of FR was carried out using a professionally calibrated precision scale and the pH with a portable pH meter. The average FR of the women's detected sample (0.40 ± 0.20 ml/min) was lower than that of non-pregnant women (0.48 ± 0.15 ml/min) of the same age (p <0.05). We observed an increase (p <0.001) of FR in the first trimester (0.56 ± 0.20 ml/min) compared to second (0.34 ± 0.14 ml/min) and third (0.31 ± 0.14 ml/min) trimester. The salivary pH of pregnant women was lower than the one detected in the non-pregnant women's sample (p <0.0001). Our study highlighted an increase in the FR in the first trimester compared to that detected in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy which viceversa was lower than the average FR in non-pregnant women. This data, combined with the decrease in salivary pH, supports the hypothesis that correlates the FR increase with the attempt to counter the decrease in pH due to gastric regurgitation frequent in the first trimester. Further studies are necessary to evaluate salivary FR and pH in pregnant women samples related to the emesis phenomenon.

General Health and Pharmacological Benefits of Curcumin – A Natural Healing Agent

The use of therapeutic agents in medicine has lead to the development of resistant strains of many pathogens. As an alternative medicine, many herbal formulations were introduced. From ancient times, various medicinal plants have been used as a treatment agent for various diseases due to their alarming herbal properties. Turmeric, a rhizome of curcumin long a is one among them which has anti-infective and anti-inflammatory properties. Due to its novel properties, it is used in various treatments options for oral health and systemic health. Curcumin, due to its complex interaction between inflammation, immunity and oxidative stress, it was used in various oral and neck pathologies also apart from general health benefits. Curcumin suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines in head and neck pathologies showing various changes in salivary Ph and salivary stress biomarkers. In dentistry, curcumin has been proved to have antiplaque efficiency in various studies, but long term study is required to substantiate its properties. Recently nanostructured lipid carrier containing curcumin was used in dentistry to bring about bone regeneration. This article depicts various properties, applications of curcumin in healthcare and its pharmacological action for systemic and oral health.

Comparison of changes in salivary ph after chewing guava leaves (Psidium Guajava) and xylitol gum: A randomized, single-blind, crossover study

Background: The medicinal benefits of guava have been discussed in many ethnopharmacological studies. Extract from the guava leaves is known for its spasmolytic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Its effects on saliva have been least explored. The study aimed at evaluating the effect of chewing guava leaves and xylitol gum on salivary pH. Materials and Methods: The study design was a randomized, single-blind, crossover type. Forty-five volunteers were chosen based on selection criteria for the study. The participants were asked to chew guava leaf and sugar free xylitol chewing gum for about 90 s and the salivary pH was assessed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in pH on comparing the two groups. pH comparisons between different time intervals showed significant differences in both groups (P = 0.001). Post hoc comparisons of pH after chewing guava leaves showed significant differences between different time intervals (P = 0.001) except between 30 and 60 min (P = 0.377). Post hoc comparisons in the xylitol group showed significant differences between different time intervals (P = 0.001) except between baseline and 30 min (P = 0.071) and between 30 and 60 min (P = 0.83). Conclusion: Chewing guava leaves showed a similar effect and had a better short-term effect when compared to xylitol chewing gum at different time intervals.

Evaluation of the salivary parameters in facial mask wearers during Covid-19 pandemic

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic situation forced governments to impose various measures to reduce the spread of the virus. The most used method is to wear facial masks, which can be found under several commercial forms. Wearing facial masks has caused a lot of controversy and rumors. Among them, many patients and practitioners have complained of a dry mouth after wearing different types of facial masks for a variable period of time. The aim of this study was to analyze the quantitative (un-/stimulated salivary flow rate) and qualitative (pH and buffer capacity) changes in saliva in mask wearers. Methodology Forty subjects were selected for this study. All of them wore alternatively no mask, a surgical mask for 2 hours, and FFP2 mask for 2 hours (groups 1, 2, and 3). Saliva samples were collected from all the subjects in the groups and analyzed to determine the values of un-/stimulated salivary flow rate, the pH, and buffer capacity using GC Saliva-Check Buffer (GC Corporation, Japan). Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed using ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results For unstimulated saliva samples, between groups 1 and 3, statistically significant differences were recorded, with a significance level of 0,02&lt;p=0,05. For stimulated saliva, salivary pH or buffer samples, no significant differences were found between groups. Conclusion Wearing FFP2 masks for two hours showed a reduction in salivary flow rate compared to subjects who did not wear facial masks. Wearing surgical masks did not produce changes in salivary flow rates, pH or buffer capacity.

Does Oral Hygiene Influence Salivary pH, Lactate, and IL-1&amp;#946; of Basketball Players During Intense Exercise?

This study examined the salivary pH, salivary lactate, and salivary IL-1 β responses from a high-intensity intermittent running test, and the influence of hygiene oral status on these biomarkers in elite adolescent basketball players. Forty-six adolescent players participated. Saliva sampling was taken before and 3 min after a high-intensity exercise (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1; Yo-Yo IR1). In order to quantify and classify the oral hygiene level, the athletes were submitted to a dental examination, and an adapted Simplified Oral Hygiene Index was applied. After the dental examination, the whole group was divided into good oral hygiene group (GHG) and poor oral hygiene group (PHG). The results of a two- way analysis of variance showed a significant interaction effect (P = 0.0003), group effect (P < 0.0001), and time effect (pre to post Yo-yo IR1; P < 0.0001) for salivary pH and for salivary lactate (interaction effect, P = 0.008; group effect, P < 0.000 1; time effect, P < 0.0001) with a lower salivary pH and a higher salivary lactate at pre and post-Yo-Yo IR1 for PHG, but no difference was observed for IL-1β. The data demonstrated that the high-intensity exercise led to a significant change in salivary pH and salivary lactate concentration of the basketball players, and that the oral hygiene status influenced these responses, with a greater change for those players showing a poor oral hygiene.

Evaluation of changes in salivary pH after the intake of fruits, fresh fruit juices and processed juices: a randomized control trial

Evaluation of changes in salivary pH after the intake of fruits, fresh fruit juices and processed juices: a randomized control trial

Evaluation of the Changes of Salivary pH among Dental Students Depending on Their Anxiety Level.

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the state of anxiety (S-anxiety and T-anxiety based on the state–trait anxiety inventory [STAI] test) and the manifestation of dentophobia with changes in salivary pH. Materials and Methods The data of 105 patients, aged 18 to 23 were considered. The student’s anxiety levels were evaluated by the STAI test and they were distributed into three groups. To determine dental anxiety, Corah’s dental anxiety scale (CDAS) testing was performed. To determine the changes in salivary pH, samples were obtained, and pH level of the collected whole saliva was evaluated immediately using pHSCAN 5.4–10.0 litmus paper and a scale in 0.1 to 0.4 increments. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results Group I experienced a low level of anxiety and included 33 students (31.4%). Group II comprised of 32 (30.5%) students presenting with a moderate level of anxiety. In group III, 40 students (38.1%) were having a high level of anxiety. Out of the 105 participants, 85% of students showed low level of dentophobia, 27% of them showed a low level of anxiety, 29% showed moderate level of anxiety, and 28% showed high level of anxiety. The average salivary pH value among all the participants (105 students) at rest was 6.79 and in a state of anxiety 6.43. Conclusion within the limits of this study, a correlation was found between the anxiety level and the salivary pH level. Furthermore, a change in the salivary pH toward acidity was registered in each group of students when in a stressful situation.

Evaluation of Salivary pH Changes with Probiotic, Baking Soda and Mineral Water Rinse Among Individuals with Low Caries Experience

Background: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease; it causes decay in tooth and leads to unbearable pain and expensive dental procedures. One of potential risk factor that favor the caries process is acidic pH that a person faces usually after consumption of any food or drinks. Various mouth rinses are evaluated to normalize the salivary pH to break the chain of caries pathophysiology.&#x0D; Objective: To evaluate the role of probiotic, baking soda and mineral water rinses on pH of Saliva.&#x0D; Materials and methods: It were a cross sectional study conducted in institute of Karachi from -10 January to 25 June 2020. Out of 150 participants 60 qualified the inclusion criteria and were explained about the procedure of the study after their agreement they were divided into three groups each group comprised of 20 participants. Group 1 was given probiotic mouth rinse; Group 2 was given baking soda mouth rinse and in Group 3 mineral water rinses were given. They were told to rinse the oral cavity before and after the food consumption and pre and post salivary changes were recorded.&#x0D; Results: Significant (p-value = 0.001) change in salivary pH was observed with baking soda and mineral water rinses however probiotic mouth rinse did not show significant (p-value = 0.22) change.&#x0D; Conclusion: Rinsing with Baking soda and mineral water mouth rinses increased the salivary pH to normal.

Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Mouth Wash on Salivary pH and Interleukin-1β Levels among Smokers

Objective Smoking induces changes in salivary pH and inflammatory biomarker levels associated with oral diseases. This study examined the effect of alkaline oral rinse to modify this effect of smoking on salivary study parameters. Materials and Methods A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) on systemically healthy smokers was conducted. A total of 78 smokers, aged 18 to 40 years, were enrolled as per exclusion/inclusion criteria. An alkaline mouthwash was provided to the intervention group and a placebo to control group. Salivary pH and inflammatory biomarker interleukin (IL)-1β levels were evaluated at baseline and at follow-up (14 ± 2 days). Statistical Analysis Chi-squared test, independaent t -test, and paired t -test were used to observe the changes in parameters among and between groups before and after intervention using SPSS v16 with a significance level of p ≤0.050. Results Sixty eight salivary samples were analyzed. All study parameters of the study sample were statistically insignificant between both intervention and control groups at baseline. pH level was 6.56 ± 0.53 at baseline and 6.62 ± 0.45 at follow-up in the intervention group; respective values for control group were 6.70 ± 0.36 and 6.83 ± 0.44 and the changes were not significant ( p ≥0.071). IL-1β level was 9.39 ± 10.23 pg/µL at baseline and 5.40 ± 6.62 pg/µL at a follow-up in the intervention group and the change was significant ( p = 0.001); respective values for the control group were 10.63 ± 11.50, and 9.33 ± 11.73 and the difference was nonsignificant ( p = 0.076). Conclusion This randomized trial indicated that sodium bicarbonate mouth rinse is effective in decreasing IL-1β levels and increasing salivary pH favorable for prevention of oral diseases.

Assessing the Corrosion Pattern of Magnesium Alloy Implants in Simulated Salivary Fluids at Different pH

Magnesium (Mg) alloy implants are formidable structural metals for biomedical applications, they are limited due to Mg chemical reactivity and its susceptible to corrosion. Efficient mitigation control toward Mg corrosion can only be proposed if its degradation kinetics are properly understood in various media. In the biomedical field, the auto-controlled degradation mechanism of orthopedic Mg implants eliminates repeated surgeries while also minimizing the risks associated with these medical procedures. However, their rapid degradation kinetics between living tissues contribute to sudden changes in local pH value, accumulation of unwanted hydrogen gas in bone cavities and subsequent mechanical failure. In this work, we have investigated the degradation pattern of Mg alloy implant in chloride-enriched simulated salivary fluids at different pH at room temperature. The implant demonstrated varying rates of corrosion and passivation within a range of pH of corrosion media. The effects of solution treatment on implant corrosion behavior was vividly studied and the trend of increasing corrosion was low pH > saline pH > high pH. Localized corrosion behavior has been observed by scanning electron microscopy evidence while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques revealed increased anodic polarization and charge transfer, respectively. The chemistry and diffraction phases of adhering corrosion products as well as their surface morphologies was also been identified. The implant must have uniformly corroded within the salivary fluids over an extended duration; however, the early corrosion stages reveal localized passivation of oxide films at grain boundaries at low pH.Most metallic implants made of corrosion-resistant alloys (e.g., cobalt, titanium and nickel) are excellent candidates for oral surgeries. However, most of them cannot serve as bone cements to stabilize dental implants during post-surgery tissue healing; a function that is possible with magnesium-based bone cement [1,2]. The use of these metal-type temporary implants in binding bone structures normally will require a secondary surgery operation to remove them, and this might lead to potential infections. This study features the analyses of the corrosion patterns of Mg alloy implants deployed in orthopedic applications. The salivary pH changes induce corrosion toward septic loosening prior to Mg implant degradation and dental implant infections.

The effect of fennel seeds on pH of saliva - A clinical study.

Saliva is an oral fluid that gives a protective effect against dental caries. Chewing of fennel seeds after food is a common culture in the Indian Sub-continent. A review of previous studies on fennel seeds showed that some of them have an anti-microbial efficacy, but there are no extensive data available on the effect of chewing fennel seeds on the pH of saliva. The aim of the study was to record the baseline pH of saliva and to record the changes in salivary pH after chewing fennel seeds. The study was carried out in the Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, prior to which a pilot study was carried out. Voluntary enrolment of 30 individuals was done. A written and informed consent was obtained from the individuals prior to the study. The pH of the saliva was recorded by placing the standardized salivary strip below the tongue in the oral cavity and colour changes were matched with the pH scale colour chart within about 15 sec. The subjects were asked to chew fennel seeds for 5 min. Salivary pH was measured immediately after chewing (SP2) at 0 min and the experiment was repeated for 5 min (SP3), 10 min (SP4), 15 min (SP5) and 30 min (SP6). The data was gathered and analysed using paired t test. There was an increase in salivary pH from baseline (SP1) to 0 min (SP2) was found to be highly significant (P = 0.000). The mean salivary pH reduced to 7.64 ± 0.06, 5 min after chewing the seeds (SP3) and the drop in pH was found to be highly significant (P = 0.000). The subsequent drop in pH from 10 min (SP4), 7.50 ± 0.05 to 15 min (SP4), 7.38 ± 0.05 to 30 min (SP4), 7.24 ± 0.05 were found to be highly significant as well (P = 0.000). Chewing of fennel seeds increases the pH of saliva, thus making it a suitable anti-cariogenic agent.

Effect of chewing Azadirachta indica (neem) and Ocimum sanctum (tulsi) leaves on salivary acidogenicity: A comparative study.

Background:Dental caries is an infectious disease affecting majority of children in the modern world. An acidogenic diet brings down plaque pH, leading to dental caries. However, certain foods bring about rapid reversal of plaque pH after an acidogenic challenge. Azadirachta indica and Ocimum sanctum leaves which are anticariogenic show promise in this regard.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary pH reversal phenomenon by chewing A. indica and O. sanctum leaves after an acidogenic challenge.Materials and Methods:Forty caries-free children were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The resting salivary pH and salivary pH after eating chocolate was measured using a pH meter at time intervals of 5, 30 and 60 min. The children were then instructed to chew A. indica and O. sanctum leaves after chocolate consumption, and salivary pH was again measured at 5, 30 and 60 min. The change in salivary pH was assessed.Statistical Analysis:The data obtained were analyzed using Student's t-test (two tailed, dependent) to find the significance of the study parameters. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.Results:Chewing A. indica and O. sanctum leaves after chocolate consumption increased salivary pH to statistically significant values at 5, 30 and 60 min.Conclusion:The observations of the study show that chewing of A. indica and O. sanctum leaves reversed the drop in salivary pH levels after an acidogenic challenge.

Comparison of Salivary pH Changes of Young Adults with Mineral and Alkaline Water Rinse After acidic challenge. A Clinical Study

Objective: The present study was conducted to compare the effect of mineral water and alkaline water after an acidic challenge on salivary pH of adults.Methods: 30 dental students in the age group of 20-25 years were randomly divided into two groups according to type of water rinse used either mineral or alkaline water. The salivary pH was measured at baseline, after candy intake and after water rinse. The results obtained were compared for normality using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests and One-way ANOVA followed by Paired sample t-test. Results: A statistically significance difference was found in salivary pH between baseline, after candy and after water rinsing. Candy significantly lowered salivary pH. Mineral and alkaline water brought pH back with non-significant difference with baseline values. However, there was no significance difference between mineral and alkaline water. Conclusion: Rinsing mouth with water after acidic challenge leads to neutralization of salivary pH thus preventing caries process in young adults.

2271-PUB: Correlation of Glycaemic Control with pH and Buffering Capacity of Saliva in Patients with Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes

Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) is a form of diabetes secondary to chronic calcific pancreatitis. Microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes are reported in FCPD. Periodontitis is considered as the sixth complication of diabetes. Studies regarding the salivary pH, buffering capacity and periodontal health status of FCPD subjects are scarce in the literature. This Study comprised of 30 FCPD, 30 T2DM and 33 healthy controls. Study subjects were assessed for salivary pH and buffering capacity, modified gingival index, plaque index, OHI-s index, DMFT index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level and systemic parameters FPPG, PPPG, HbA1c, complete blood count, liver and renal function tests, FLP, ESR and CRP. The mean (±SD) salivary pH was 6.57 ± 0.63 in FCPD and 7.21±0.44 in T2DM groups (p&amp;lt;0.05) and buffering capacity was 4.5± 0.6 in FCPD and 5.38± 0.96 in T2DM groups(p&amp;lt;0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between HbA1c and salivary buffering capacity (Pearson correlation coefficient r=-0.46, p=0.012) and a weak negative correlation between HbA1c and salivary pH(r=-0.105, p=0.589) in FCPD group. The prevalence of periodontitis was 90% in FCPD and 100%T2DM groups respectively. The proportion of severe periodontitis was 56.7% in T2DM, 40% FCPD and 12.1% in control groups respectively. This study shows that the saliva is more acidic and buffering capacity is low in FCPD group compared to T2DM and control groups. As the glycaemic control worsens, salivary pH and buffering capacity decreased in FCPD subjects. The pathophysiologic mechanism responsible for the pancreatic gland destruction may also contribute to the changes in salivary pH and buffering capacity in FCPD subjects. Disclosure C. Radhakrishnan: None. R.J. Vadakkekuttical: None. S. Kozhithodi: None.

Changes in salivary pH following consumption of different varieties of date fruits.

ObjectiveConsumption of date fruits leads to chemical changes in saliva, including variations in pH values. We conducted this study to assess the effect of the consumption of different types of dates on salivary pH.MethodsWe recruited 15 children (aged 6–15 years) who were instructed to consume one piece of specific types of dates (Safree, Nabtat Seif, Khalas, Sukkari, and Segae) for 5 consecutive days. On the 6th and 7th days, the children consumed a quarter of a grapefruit (positive control) and chewed on a sterilised cotton pellet (negative control), respectively. Salivary samples from unstimulated kids were collected at least 1 h after breakfast every day and the salivary pH was recorded.ResultsWhen compared with the pH values before date consumption, the lowest mean salivary pH value among the date-consuming groups 5 min after salivary stimulation was noted after the consumption of Khalas (6.26), followed by those after consumption of Safree (6.31), Nabtat Seif (6.36), Segae (6.44), and Sukkari (6.45). The highest difference in mean values was observed for Khalas (.47), followed by those for Sukkari (.45), Nabtat Saif (.44), Segae (.38), and Safree (.35). The pH of saliva collected after grapefruit consumption was the lowest, whereas chewing cotton pellets led to an increased salivary pH.ConclusionThis study showed a decrease in the salivary pH following date consumption, but not to a value as low as the critical value. These findings suggest that dates do not have detrimental effects on salivary parameters.