Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase Research Articles

Salivary and serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase in oral submucous fibrosis: A meta-analysis.

The occurrence of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is often accompanied by an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. In this meta-analysis, we compared the salivary and serum levels of LDH levels between OSF patients and controls. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from the establishment of the database to June 2023, and the quality of the studies was checked by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment scale. The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using RevMan 5.4 software. A total of 28 studies were retrieved from the database, and we included 5 studies in this meta-analysis. The salivary LDH level of OSF patients was higher than healthy controls (MD: 423.10 pg/L 95%CI: 276.42-569.77 pg/mL, P < .00001), the serum LDH level of OSF patients was also higher than that of healthy controls (MD: 226.20 pg/mL, 95%CI: 147.71-304.69 pg/mL, P < .00001). This meta-analysis showed that salivary and serum LDH levels were higher in OSF patients than in healthy controls, suggesting that LDH may be a potential biomarker for OSF.

Evaluation of Serum and Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels in Patients with Oral Potentially Malignant Conditions/Lesions: A Clinical and Biochemical Study.

Oral cancer encompasses all malignancies that originate in the oral tissues and remains a major public health problem throughout the world as an important case of poor health and illness. Head and neck cancer accounts for 9.8% of the estimated 6,44,600 incidental cancer cases in India. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a serious and developing concern globally, accounting for more than 90% of malignant cancers of the oral cavity. Salivary diagnostics have been demonstrated to have potential in the detection and screening of oral pre-cancer and cancer in a variety of research settings. The continual and close contact between saliva and the mucosa, where cancer develops, is the foundation of this diagnostic capability. This research utilized spectrophotometry to quantify Lactate Dehydrogenase levels in serum and saliva of 30 healthy people which consisted the control group and 31 Oral Potentially Malignant people which constituted the study group. On estimation and comparison, the mean Lactate Dehydrogenase levels in serum (397.4968+71.6392 IU/L) and saliva (675.4935+139.3352 IU/L) among patients with Oral Potentially malignant lesions/conditions were higher than the mean Lactate Dehydrogenase levels in serum (390.8667+71.0953 IU/L) and saliva (201.3700+89.1439 IU/L) among controls. Higher serum and salivary LDH levels in Oral Potentially malignant lesions/conditions than in control groups signifies the importance of assessing salivary LDH levels, in the prognosis of the same. Further prospective longitudinal studies are required to assess the salivary LDH levels among the patients with malignant transformation of Oral Potentially malignant lesions/conditions to oral cancers.

Lactate Dehydrogenase as a Biomarker in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis was planned with the objective of evaluating the level of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in oral submucous fibrosis patients and in controls and comparing them. For this meta-analysis, we searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) databases using a search methodology that included combinations of MeSH terms and keywords and included cross-sectional studies to evaluate the levels of LDH in patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF), Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and compared it with the controls. The total number of records identified through database searching was 4161 (n). Analysis of the quality of the studies was done using the National Heart, Lungs and Blood Institute (NHLBI) tool for case-control studies. Twelve case-control studies which matched the inclusion criteria were included after the literature search. The meta-analysis was carried out using R Studio (version 4.1.3, 2022; The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). The pooled estimate that has been calculated from the salivary LDH course for OSMF was 15.35% and from the serum LDH course for OSMF was 6.82%. There was a visual observation of the funnel's plot asymmetry suggesting publication bias. After adjusting the publication bias, the t2 values for salivary and serum LDH were 41% and 14.71%, respectively, which was less than 50%, indicating that the meta-analysis was statistically significant. The evaluation of salivary and serum LDH can be a useful method for early diagnosis of OSMF as well as OSCC. To infer that individuals may have OPMD or OSCC, specific values for salivary and serum LDH must be found in further investigations.

Salivary lactate dehydrogenase and salivary total protein as potential biomarkers for screening periodontal disease

BackgroundTimely diagnosis of periodontal disease is crucial for restoring healthy periodontal tissue and improving patients' prognosis. There is a growing interest in using salivary biomarkers as a noninvasive screening tool for periodontal disease. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of two salivary biomarkers, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total protein, for periodontal disease by assessing their sensitivity in relation to clinical periodontal parameters. Furthermore, the study aimed to explore the impact of systemic disease, age, and sex on the accuracy of these biomarkers in the diagnosis of periodontal health. Materials and methodsA total of 145 participants were categorized into three groups based on their basic periodontal examination index, with 20 in the periodontally healthy group, 50 in the gingivitis group, and 75 in the periodontitis group. Salivary LDH was measured using the rate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidation, to measure the kinetics of LDH activity, while total protein was measured using the Lowry method. Descriptive and analytical statistical analyses were performed to examine the associations between the variables and biomarkers. ResultsThe results of the study demonstrated that salivary LDH was 72% sensitive, while salivary total protein was 78% sensitive in correlation to clinical periodontal parameters. The accuracy of the test was not influenced by sex, but age had a significant effect on both biomarkers, particularly LDH. Systemic disease was another factor that significantly affected the accuracy of the test. ConclusionsAlthough salivary LDH and total protein show promise as biomarkers for screening periodontal disease, their interpretation may be impacted by age and systemic disease. To enhance the accuracy of periodontal disease detection, the study suggests combining these biomarkers with more specific indicators and diagnostic tools.

Serum and Saliva LDH Levels in Patients with Habit, Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs), and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): A Spectrophotometry Study.

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are chronic lesions or conditions characterized by a potential for malignant transformation. One of the hallmarks of cancer is aerobic glycolysis which confers immortality to cancer cells, correlates with the belligerent behavior of various malignancies, and shows an increase in the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The present study was conducted to measure and compare serum and salivary LDH levels in patients with habit, OPMDs and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, and to evaluate if LDH levels can be used as a biomarker in the progression into potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), the prognosis of OSCC, and to assess if saliva is a better biomarker. Thirty patients of both genders were divided into three groups. Group I had patients with habits, group II had OPMDs, and group III had OSCC with 10 subjects from each group. Saliva and serum of patients were collected according to the standard protocol and measured for LDH using spectrophotometry of 340 nm. Group I had patients with habits, group II had OPMDs, and group III had OSCC. Group I had 6 males and 4 females, group II had 8 males and 2 females, and group III had 7 males and 3 females. The mean serum LDH level in group I was 265.50, in group II was 194.10, and in group III was 224.22. The difference was non-significant (P > 0.05). The mean salivary LDH level in group I was 345.68, in group II was 532.72, and in group III was 1.105. The difference was significant (P < 0.05). Salivary LDH is a non-invasive, cost-effective technique, which can be used as an effective modality for the diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer as well as for monitoring tobacco users and OPMDs.

To evaluate the role of lactate dehydrogenase as biomarker in the progression of potentially malignant disorders in smokers and gutkha chewers.

To evaluate the role of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a biomarker in the progression of potentially malignant disorders in smokers and gutkha chewers. The total of 70 individuals having the habit of chewing gutkha and smoking were selected for the study and divided into four groups. Group 1: 20 individuals having the habit of smoking, Group 2: 20 individuals having the habit of chewing gutkha, Group 3: 20 individuals having the habit of smoking and gutkha chewing, and Group 4: 10 healthy individuals. In the present study showed that unstimulated whole saliva from group 1, group 2, and group 3 individuals, there was a significant decrease in isoenzymes LDH-1 and LDH-2 and there was no effect on LDH-3 isoenzyme. In the present study, there is a significant increase in salivary isoenzyme LDH-4. The result indicated that there is an effect of carcinogen (tobacco)-enhanced activity on salivary LDH. The present study showed 70 volunteers reported a statistical significant correlation among the groups. The individuals with habit of smoking and gutkha chewing showed P value <.001 with a significant increase in the isoenzyme LDH-4. A significant increase in the buccal micronuclei of exfoliated cells in the oral mucosal cells of smokers and gutkha chewers. This shows a positive relationship between LDH isoenzymes and the individuals with the smoking and chewing of tobacco. There was a significant correlation between the levels of salivary LDH isoenzymes and cytomorphometric analysis of oral epithelium in smokers and gutkha chewers.

Assessment of brush biopsy findings and salivary LDH levels in oral mucosal lesions of tobacco users.

The oral brush cytology is an alternative method developed to improve the efficacy of conventional cytology in oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), and salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) which is a cytoplasmic enzyme has been widely used as a marker for diagnosing various diseases. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the brush biopsy findings and salivary LDH levels for the early diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity. Patients with deleterious habits including tobacco-related lesions such as leukoplakia, tobacco pouch keratosis, and oral cancer were included in the study. For each patient, saliva sample was collected, brush biopsy was done and smears were prepared. Collected saliva samples were analysed for salivary LDH levels and prepared smears were analysed for dysplastic changes and statistical analysis was performed. Out of 80 samples, 30 were leukoplakia, 45 were tobacco pouch keratosis and 5 were oral cancer, and 13 samples showed positive dysplastic changes, 26 samples showed atypical dysplastic changes and 41 samples showed no signs of dysplastic changes and concluded as negative. On comparing the results of brush biopsy findings and salivary LDH levels, the mean salivary LDH value for positive dysplasia was elevated and the P value was statistically significant (P value: 0.00). Brush biopsy showed good potential in detecting premalignant lesions and salivary LDH levels showed a marked increase which can be used as a diagnostic biomarker and serve as a potent diagnostic aid for early detection of malignancy.

Evaluation of changes in Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase Level for detection of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study.

Research has examined the relationship between salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) screening and prognosis. Due to biochemical changes in cancer cells and increased production of lactate products in the body. The present systematic review aims to evaluate the changes in salivary LDH levels in HNSCC patients. The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. The data were collected by searching PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 2000 to 2021. The heterogeneity of the articles was analyzed using I2 and TAU2. After searching the databases, of 988 articles, 665 duplicated articles were excluded by adopting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. So, 25 articles were primarily selected to be reviewed and evaluated for quality. Finally, 19 articles were selected and analyzed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa checklist. A total of 642 HNSCC patients were reviewed. The meta-analysis showed salivary LDH levels in the HNSCC group were higher than the control group (mean difference = 0.675, standard error = 0.058) (P < 0.001). As the research results showed, a significant correlation was observed between salivary LDH levels and HNSCCs. So, LDH can be employed as a valuable and minimally invasive biomarker in head and neck cancer screening and prevention.

Changes in a Comprehensive Profile of Saliva Analytes in Fattening Pigs during a Complete Productive Cycle: A Longitudinal Study.

Simple SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether a panel of 29 salivary biomarkers of stress, immunity, inflammation, redox homeostasis and other physiological functions can change in healthy fattening pigs when monitoring the different phases of their productive cycle and can be influenced by various sources of variations such as gender and performance parameters. Several analytes showed changes due to the productive cycle, with a majority of the analytes showing higher values at lactation and at the beginning of nursery. Additionally, differences were seen due to sex. These differences can be related in some cases with performance parameters and should be taken into consideration for an appropriate interpretation of the analytes.A comprehensive panel of 29 salivary analytes was measured in fattening pigs to evaluate its possible changes along their productive cycle. The identification of those changes would allow a better interpretation of the results according to the productive phase of the animal. Saliva samples were obtained from 49 Large-White pigs (24 females, 25 males) in suckling phase, at the beginning and the end of the nursery phase, and at the beginning and the end of the growing phase. Several analytes changed according to the phase of the productive cycle, with most of the analytes showing higher values at lactation and at the beginning of nursery. Additionally, differences were seen due to sex. When possible relations between performance parameters and analytes were evaluated, significant positive but weak relationships were found between weight at birth and salivary γ-glutamyl transferase, and between back-fat thickness and salivary lactate dehydrogenase. In conclusion, differences in the values of salivary analytes can be found in fattening pigs depending on the productive phase and sex of the animals.

Lactate Dehydrogenase: A Pragmatic Diagnostic Tool for Periodontitis and Diabetes

Published on:June 2022 Journal of Young Pharmacists, 2022; 14(2):236-239 Original Article | doi:10.5530/jyp.2022.14.44 Authors: Sai Sri Harsha Nimmala1, Veena Kalburgi1,*, Shivanand Bagewadi2, MD. Waseeullah3, Anushri Gupta1, Akhil Trivedi4 1Department of Periodontics, People’s College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA.2Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, RKDF Dental College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA.3Department of Periodontics, People’s Dental Academy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA.4Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, People’s College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA. Abstract: Background: Many biomarkers were evaluated in the last few years for different sort of diseases, among them some may have the common biomarkers. Salivary lactate dehydrogenase is used as a bio marker for diagnosing periodontitis as well as diabetes. The current study tries to find the correlation between periodontitis and diabetes as they share the same biomarker. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 90 patients, dividing into 3 groups based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The clinical parameters like, gingival index, oral hygiene index- simplified, depth of periodontal pocket, and clinical attachment loss were recorded. Saliva of these patients was collected and the levels of LDH are examined in those samples for further analysis. Results: All of the clinical indicators, including GI, OHI-S, PPD, CAL and levels of HbA1c showed a significant difference. All clinical indicators, as well as HbA1c levels, were found to be greatest in Group B (PD+DM) patients. Salivary LDH levels were also shown to follow a similar pattern, with Group B having the highest levels, followed by Group A, then Group C. The subjects’ HbA1c levels and salivary LDH levels were shown to have a significant correlation. Conclusion: Salivary LDH can be used as a biomarker to detect any tissue damage or inflammation that transpires throughout an illness. The identification of this enzyme might be a pragmatic diagnostic tool for early diagnosis of periodontitis and diabetes. To affirm the outcomes and employ the test in future, further research on LDH should be done in larger sample sizes.Key words: Lactate dehydrogenase, Biomarker, Saliva, Periodontitis, Diabetes.

Evaluation of Salivary Biochemistry in Dogs with and without Plaque, Calculus, and Gingivitis: Preliminary Results.

Simple SummaryPeriodontal disease is one of the most prevalent disorders observed in dogs requiring primary-care veterinary services. Traditional methods for its diagnosis involve clinical measurements requiring sedation or general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether quantified salivary biochemistry parameters can be used as markers of periodontal disease in dogs. Seventy-nine dogs were allocated into three groups according to the severity of periodontal disease: none (Group 1), moderate (Group 2), and severe (Group 3). A blood sample and a saliva sample were collected from each dog to quantify biochemical parameters that included alpha-amylase, lysozyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), calcium, and phosphorus. LDH and phosphorus showed the highest values in Group 3 whereas calcium, amylase, and lysozyme did not differ among groups. The salivary phosphorus cut-off value of 4.04 mg/dl that was established signified that above such value, periodontal disease could be predicted with fairly high probability. Although further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results, this study offers a valid starting point for further investigation into the role of saliva as a non-invasive tool for detecting periodontal disease in dogs.This study evaluated whether salivary alpha-amylase, lysozyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), calcium, and phosphorus can be used as markers of periodontal disease in dogs. Plaque, calculus, and gingivitis indexes were used to allocate 79 dogs in three groups: none (Group 1), moderate (Group 2), and severe (Group 3) periodontal disease. A blood sample and a saliva sample were collected from each dog to quantify biochemical parameters. LDH and phosphorus showed the highest values in Group 3 (LDH: Group 1, 2559.85 ± 676.95; vs. Group 2: 1636.76 ± 597.36 vs. Group 3: 4099.18 ± 545.45 U.I./l, p = 0.016; phosphorus: Group 1, 3.02 ± 0.76 vs. Group 2: 5.34 ± 0.67 vs. Group 3: 5.85± 0.61 mg/dl, p = 0.049) whereas calcium, amylase, and lysozyme did not differ among groups. A ROC curve analysis permitted the establishment of a salivary phosphorus cut-off value of 4.04 mg/dl, above which periodontal disease could be predicted (70% sensitivity (95% CI: 50.6–85.3%) and 72.41% specificity (95% CI: 52.8–87.3%)). Only salivary calcium was higher in males; no other salivary parameters appeared affected by gender or age. Although further results on a larger population are needed, this study shows that salivary LDH and phosphorus increase in dogs affected by plaque, supragingival calculus, and gingivitis, and this suggests their potential use as markers of periodontal disease in canine species.

Utility of serum and salivary lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid levels as a diagnostic profile in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Background:Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), an intra-cellular enzyme present in all cells of the body, catalyses the final step of anaerobic glycolysis. This intra-cellular enzyme is released into the extra-cellular space after tissue disintegration, which is evident in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, investigations comparing Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in OSCC and healthy controls have shown conflicting findings in both serum and saliva samples. Further, Uric acid's anti-oxidant activity has been demonstrated in several diseases. Several cancers have been linked to increased uric acid levels. However, uric acid levels in oral squamous cell cancer have varied. There exists limitted research comparing serum and salivary uric acid with OSCC. Thus, the present investigation was conducted to evaluate the combined diagnostic abilities of serum and salivary LDH and uric acid in OSCC.Aim and Objective:To compare and correlate LDH and uric acid levels in serum and salivary samples of OSCC patients and healthy individuals.Material and Methods:LDH levels and uric acid levels were measured using an enzymatic method in serum and salivary samples of OSCC cases (n = 18) and healthy individuals (n = 18).Results:This study indicated statistically significant elevated levels of LDH in serum and saliva samples of OSCC patients when compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, serum and salivary uric acid were higher in OSCC patients than in controls. This increased levels of uric acid was significant only in serum but not in saliva samples. However, salivary uric acid was found to be co-relating with serum uric acid. In addition to this, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve when plotted to assess combined diagnostic abilities of all the investigations to predict oscc, indicating the diagnostic ability to be 77%.Conclusion:This study found an increase in uric acid levels in OSCC patients, which contradicts previous existing litratures. Salivary uric acid and LDH levels may be effective indicators for OSCC screening. However, because of the limited sample size, these findings should be viewed with caution.

Estimation of salivary lactate dehydrogenase in oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral leukoplakia, and smokers.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme seen within every cell during their normal metabolic function. It is always confined within the cell cytoplasm and it becomes extracellular only when a cell dies. The extracellular presence of LDH is related to cell necrosis and tissue breakdown. Therefore, we designed a study to estimate and compare LDH levels in the saliva of patients with oral cancer, oral leukoplakia (OL), and smokers without lesions and in controls. A total of 81 subjects of both genders, between the ages of 20 and 70 years, were included in the study. The study group was divided into four: group I-controls (n = 20), Group II-smokers (n = 20), Group III-subjects with OL (n = 20), and Group IV-subjects with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (n = 21). Five milliliters of unstimulated salivary sample was collected from each participant, and salivary LDH level was measured. The obtained values were tabulated and statistically analyzed. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The difference in LDH levels among the four groups was found to "BE" statistically significant. LDH values showed a marked increase in the leukoplakia group (49.79 ± 19.88 IU/L) and OSCC group (106.97 ± 32.75 IU/L) when compared to controls and smokers. We found that salivary LDH was increased in patients with leukoplakia and OSCC. Smoking alone did not produce any alterations in salivary LDH. It is possible that salivary LDH could be a potential biomarker to identify early premalignant or malignant changes in smokers.

Correlation of Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase in Oral Malignancies

INTRODUCTION Diagnostic delays are one of the key reasons behind the poor prognosis and outcomes in oral mailgnancies. The non-invasive technique of saliva collection reduces anxiety and discomfort associated with serum sample collections and simplifies the procurement of repeated samples for longitudinal, long-time monitoring. Progressive increase in Lactate dehydrogenase levels are seen to be positively related to the degree of cellular atypia and can be used as a screening tool in assessing the malignant potential of premalignant lesions. AIMS To study the correlation between increase in salivary Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in oral malignant and pre malignant lesions and to study the role of salivary Lactate dehydrogenase as an alternate to conventional biopsy and prognostic tool. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients with premalignant and proven malignancies were made to give salivary samples before and after surgical intervention. A follow up salivary Lactate dehydrogenase was taken at 6 months, 1 year and 2 year interval for any change in trends and for any rise in levels if recurrences occurred. RESULTS There was a statistically significant (p=0.0001) difference in Lactate dehydrogenase levels pre and post operatively in oral lesions. In cases of recurrence there was a significant rise in LDH levels compared to those without recurrence at similar intervals. CONCLUSION A significantly higher salivary LDH level with a statistically significant fall in the post operative LDH levels(p value= 0.001), This indicates a positive correlation between salivary LDH and presence of dysplastic and malignant cells and can be considered as a non invasive alternative to conventional biopsy with a possible use of salivary LDH as a screening tool to predict recurrence or progression of disease process.

Assessment of Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Chronic Periodontitis and Tooth Loss in Type II Diabetics

Assessment of Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Chronic Periodontitis and Tooth Loss in Type II Diabetics

Assessment of serum and salivary lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients

Background: The present study was conducted to assess serum and salivary lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Materials &amp; Methods: 62 patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients of both genders were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I had SCC patients and group II had normal subjects. In all, serum and unstimulated saliva samples obtained and subjected to assessment of lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid levels. Results: The mean serum LDH level (U/L) in group I was 342.8 and in group II was 246.0. The mean salivary LDH level (U/L) in group I was 652.8 and in group II was 248.4. The difference was significant (P&lt; 0.05). The mean serum uric acid (mg/dl) in group I was 6.98 and in group II was 5.12. The mean salivary uric acid in group I was 5.92 and in group II was 5.26. The difference was significant (P&lt; 0.05). Conclusion: OSCC patients had elevated level of serum and salivary LDH and uric acid.

Could Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Levels IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, Total Antioxidant Status and Lactate Dehydrogenase Be Associated with Peri-Implant Bone Loss? A Pilot Study

Background: The mechanisms of periimplantitis are mostly based on biofilm-induced inflammatory lesions around dental implants. However, the host reaction, reflected by the intensity of the inflammatory response to bacterial products, is crucial for peri-implant bone destruction. The aim of this pilot study was to measure total antioxidant status (TAS), the amount of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor), salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and the correlation with one-year peri-implant bone loss. Methods: Seven consecutive patients (Group 1), with the presence of at least one prior inserted dental implant, and three healthy individuals, fully dentate (Group 0), were enrolled. IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, TAS and LDH were determined in saliva of both groups. Peri-implant marginal bone loss (MBL) at one year compared to baseline was evaluated for Group 1. Results: A statistically significant positive correlation was found in Group 1 between MBL and the IL-8 (p = 0.033) and a strong negative correlation between MBL and TAS (p = 0.002), but no statistically significant differences of the assessed parameters were found between the two groups. Conclusions: In the limits of the present preliminary study, salivary TAS and proinflammatory cytokines could be associated with the risk of peri-implant bone loss over time.

Tonsil microbiocenosis and salivary lactate dehydrogenase activity in children with infectious mononucleosis

The article analyzes clinical data, blood test results, tonsil mucus bacteriological testing, and salivary lactate dehydrogenase activity in children with acute infectious mononucleosis caused by an Epstein-Barr viral infection. Research involves 280 children aged from 7 months to 19 years 8 months with infectious mononucleosis, who were hospitalized in the Lviv Infectious Cli-nical Hospital. Group 1 included 234 children infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus, group 2 — 46 patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by the combination of Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus. Severe hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenitis, nasal speech and snoring, hyperthermic syndrome, acute tonsillitis were found in patients with infectious mononucleo-sis. A bacteriological study identified a number of pathogens that can be classified as pathogenic or opportunistic flora. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida fungi were identified in 43.8 % of children with an isolated form of mononucleosis and in 51.7 % of children with mixed infection. In children with infectious mononucleosis caused by mixed infection, we observed the more severe course of the disease and a significantly higher lactate dehydrogenase activity. A significantly increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the saliva of patients with infectious mononucleosis in the presence of pathogenic microflora on the mucous membranes indicates destructive processes in the tissues of the tonsils.

Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase in Relationship to the Severity of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy among Newborn Infants.

Introduction Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is defined as a neurological complication that results from perinatal asphyxia. Previous studies had investigated various markers to early detect HIE; however, these markers appeared to have several drawbacks, especially in resource-limited settings. Aim This study aimed at evaluating the predictive value of the salivary lactate dehydrogenase level as a potential predictor of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy for newborns. Materials and Methods We included 30 neonates with HIE due to perinatal asphyxia and 30 healthy newborns that serve as controls, admitted at the intensive care unit for neonates and maternity ward at Ismailia area Clinics and Hospitals. We measured the LDH levels by using saliva samples that were collected for neonates maximum by 12 h after birth. Results It was found that patients with HIE had a statistically significant higher salivary LDH level (1927 ± 390.3 IU/L) than patients without HIE (523.6 ± 142.8 IU/L) (p < 0.001). Moreover, salivary LDH showed a good discriminative ability where the AUC was 0.966 regarding salivary LDH (95% CI: 0.917–1.0) (p < 0.001). The best cutoff value was 1420 IU/L or more which showed the best results in predicting the occurrence of HIE with 98.3% and 97.6% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Conclusion Salivary LDH can be considered as a useful noninvasive laboratory marker that can accurately predict HIE incidence among neonates with asphyxia within 12 hours from birth. The cases in the HIE group were assigned into three stages according to the Sarnat and Sarnat staging system: stage I: mild (irritable, normal, or hypertonia and poor feeding); stage II: moderate (lethargy, hypotonia, and frequent seizure); stage III: severe (coma, flaccid, absent reflexes, and frequent seizure). There is a positive association between LDH levels and the severity of HIE.

Salivary And Plasmatic Creatine Kinase And Lactate Dehydrogenase Responses Following High-intensity Continuous Exercise

Salivary And Plasmatic Creatine Kinase And Lactate Dehydrogenase Responses Following High-intensity Continuous Exercise