Sale Price Research Articles

Traditional knowledge and actions of the Pisel Nek-mej (Scaptotrigona mexicana) stingless bee honey production in Cuetzálan, Puebla

Objective: During the last few years, the production of honey from stingless bees has become significant, as a result of its therapeutic properties. However, its production and commercialization are limited by the low yield per colony and its high sale price. This study seeks to recover the lore and actions that a group of producers from Cuetzálan, Puebla, Mexico has about the production of honey from the Scaptotrigona mexicana species of stingless bees. The objective was to collect information about the handling, production, and commercialization of tis bee species, as well as the challenges that producers face in the Cuetzálan region. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research was carried out using a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather the information. The participants were chosen using the snowball sampling technique, contacting stingless bee honey producers in Cuetzálan, Puebla, Mexico. Results: The lore about the handling of the stingless bees is passed on from generation to generation. This traditional handling is understood as a cultural symbol. This type of honey is renowned for its medicinal properties; however, its production is scarce, and the resulting product is very expensive. Consequently, the theft and adulteration of honey has become a major problem, creating mistrust among consumers. Study Limitations/Implications: More producers should be interviewed, and additional proof of the handling processes used to identify adulteration should be gathered. This information would be used to develop recommendations that could be applied in other producing regions of the country. Findings/Conclusions: The social and scientific recognition of the properties of stingless bee honey shows the importance of adopting innovations; however, including organizational processes to improve the commercialization channels and to minimize unfair honey production practices is also very important.

Determination of the cost of production of vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks ex Andrews) in the municipality of Huehuetla, Puebla

Objetive: To identify the production costs of vanilla, as a primary link in the value chain, to determine the profitability of the crop in the municipality of Huehuetla, Puebla.
 Design/methodology/approach: The information was obtained from the application of 40 surveys to producers in nine communities in the municipality of Huehuetla, Puebla, using the methodology of financial evaluation of long-term agricultural projects.
 Results: The results of the diagnosis show that it is a highly profitable crop, indicating an average production cost 0.1 ha-1 of $ 54,471.90 and the average total sale price 0.1 ha-1 of $ 187,500.00, which results in a high profitability (R B/C=2.54), even in conditions of small cultivation areas, in addition to the fact that producers combine it with other perennial and annual species that generate short and medium term income for family sustenance.
 
 Limitations on study/implications: Vanilla producers are located in a region with marginalized characteristics due to its geographic location, which makes access to communication difficult, and they lack a government agency to represent them; therefore, information on production costs and prices is limited and dispersed.
 Findings/conclusions: Vanilla is a crop with great productive potential in the Totonacapan region, and especially in the municipality of Huehuetla, as it is a crop with high commercial value, it is a highly profitable alternative for producers, for all these benefits among other advantages of the crop, it is recommended to strongly support programs that promote its expansion, support in the development of strategies and technologies for the improvement of cultivation techniques that are reflected in higher yields, better quality and ensure a marketing that benefits the producers of these vanilla-growing areas of the northeastern region of the state of Puebla and the surrounding area, so that regional development is stimulated through potentially profitable crops such as vanilla.

Introduction to the Special Issue Property Value Analysis using ZTRAX: Applications under the Approaching Sunset

This is the Introduction for the joint special issue of Land Economics (LE) and the Journal of Housing Economics (JHE) focused on property value applications using Zillow's ZTRAX data. ZTRAX is a real estate–focused database with over 400 million public records spanning nearly all U.S. counties across more than 30 years. The spatially explicit data on deed transfers, sale prices, and property characteristics has provided the basis for analyses on themes such as disaster risks, including wildfires, flooding, and chemical accidents; natural resources, including water quality, farmland, and coal; and land uses, such as open space, national parks, and critical habitat designation, among others.

Simulation of electric energy potential from wind speed in the San Andrés island

In this work, the wind resource of the islands of San Andrés was studied during the years 2011 - 2012 to determine its electric energy potential. Wind speed and direction taken from the mereology station of IDEAM located at the Gustavo Rojas Pinilla airport were used for modeling the electric energy obtained from different types of wind turbines and their location height. The maximum energy obtained was 5496.6 MWh/year using a wind turbine of 3.75 MW power. However, the economic analysis indicated that Neg Micon's 2.75 MW wind turbine has the lowest generation cost of US$ 0.04/kWh and an energy production of 4,919.1 MWh/year. According to this, for a sale price of US$ 0.14 /kWh, the net present value (NPV) would be US$ 5,928,594.9 the internal rate of return (IRR) of 16%, and the investment recovery time (TRI) of almost 4.1 years, making the wind project attractive for investors.

PSIX-25 Impact of Performance Parameters on Sale Price of Bulls at the Southwest Virginia Bull Test Sale

Abstract Agriculture is the largest private industry in Virginia, generating around $82 billion annually and making up almost 10 percent of the Gross Domestic Product of the state. Within the agriculture sector, cattle and calves are the second most economically important commodity. The extension-supervised bull tests provide a partnership in the state that allows producers the opportunity to gather financially important management information while providing large amounts of production data for research and summary purposes. The Southwest Virginia Bull Test in Wytheville, VA has been in operation for 44 consecutive years. To qualify for entry, registered bulls must meet minimum EPD requirements (top 70%) for yearling weight or terminal indices of their breeds, have recorded EPDs within a breed association, and be certified healthy and free of genetic defects. The top 2/3 of each breed on test is sold at the end of the 112-d test period. To sell, all bulls must pass a breeding soundness exam (BSE) and have a minimum scrotal circumference of 32 cm for bulls less than 15 months and 33 cm for bulls 15 to 18 months of age. Genetic data including black coat color and polled/horned are also evaluated. Post-weaning data including age, weight, average daily gain, weight per day of age, hip height, frame score, BSE metrics, claw score, foot score, scrotal circumference, and others are collected while at the test station. A retrospective study was performed to establish what has a significant (P < 0.05) effect on sale price. Statistical analysis was performed on sale data from 2018-2022 using SAS. Over this time, 265 senior bulls (birth dates from September 1st-December 31st) were sold with an average sale price of $3,377. Variables significantly related to sale price included calving ease EPD percentile rank (P = 0.0077, r =-0.16), birth weight EPD percentile rank (P = 0.0049, r =-0.17), weaning weight EPD percentile rank (P = < 0.0043, r= -0.17), and yearling weight EPD percentile rank (P = 0.0060, r = -0.17) along with test average daily gain (P = 0.0013, r = 0.198), WDA (P < 0.0001, r = 0.50), and final scrotal circumference (P < 0.0001, r = 0.28). These results may be used to better understand selection priorities among bull buyers and to assist in the design and delivery of educational programs for beef producers.

Product pricing and recycling mode considering competition under used product error classification

Sorting used products is an effective way for enterprises to improve resource utilization and increase profits, but the effects of sorting quality standards and classification errors on the sorting process requires attention. In light of the fact that in addition to recycling used products by themselves, enterprises may choose to outsource or compete with third parties for recycling, by constructing the game-theoretic model of manufacturer sorting, third-party recycler sorting and competitive sorting, this paper studies the impact of quality sorting standards and two types of classification errors on the decision-making and performance of supply chains under different modes. The results show that although a higher the quality sorting standard indicates a higher the acquisition price, and a lower the sales price of the product, for enterprises, a higher the quality sorting standard is not the better. Classification errors have opposite impacts on the profits of different recycling channels. Enterprises can optimize their performance by controlling error proportions in combination with their own sorting modes. Moreover, although the manufacturer sorting mode is superior to the third-party sorting mode, a third-party recycler participating in the recycling competition will not harm the manufacturer’s profits, and it can also make the recycler stricter in the sorting process, reduce the classification error proportions, and optimize the manufacturer’s profits and supply chain performance. These findings provide corresponding insights for enterprises in determining quality sorting standards and selecting sorting modes.

Process modeling, environmental and economic sustainability of the valorization of whey and eucalyptus residues for resveratrol biosynthesis

Biomass is one of the renewable resources with the greatest potential, not only because of the possibility of energy recovery but also because of its content in components of interest. In this context, the regions of Galicia and Portugal have large areas of land dedicated to forestry, agriculture and livestock, and the large amount of waste generated represents a cost for the producer. The importance of these facts has aroused great interest in society to focus its interest on improving the current situation while seeking a benefit, both environmental and economic, from existing resources. That is why the integration of biotechnological processes and biorefinery for their valorization are considered key aspects in the way of producing bioproducts and bioenergy. This research article proposes a process for producing resveratrol from whey from the dairy industry and eucalyptus residues from forestry exploitation. In order to evaluate its suitability, a techno-economic analysis and an environmental assessment have been carried out using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The results obtained show the potential of these scenarios both from the economic point of view, by obtaining a minimum sale price of resveratrol to ensure the viability of the process below the market average, and from the environmental point of view, being eucalyptus residues those that result in a lower contribution to the environment per unit of resveratrol produced. Future research should focus on increasing the throughput of the production process to increase its profitability and on reducing energy requirements throughout the process, as these have been the main critical points identified. In addition, following the sensitivity assessment, it has been concluded that opting for renewable energy is the most sustainable option.

Navigating obstacles impacting the sustainability of Medicare-funded wound care pricing.

With more effective oversight, Medicare costs can be reduced, while stabilising a portion of its trust fund, disincentivising non-compliance and improving outcomes for the growing population of US beneficiaries with hard-to-heal wounds.

Prices

Assessed or estimated prices and values for the major types of crude oils traded on spot markets. Updated on a monthly basis.Official sales prices (except as otherwise noted) and are generally market‐related, subject in some cases to retroactive adjustment. Updated on a monthly basis.

Growth factor use in patients with breast cancer treated with docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab (TCHP) regimen: Cost implications in a safety-net system.

10 Background: Growth factor (G-CSF) support has been shown to reduce the incidence of neutropenic complications after chemotherapy; however, it can be associated with a significant increase in cost of care. Here, we reviewed G-CSF use in breast cancer patients receiving docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab (TCHP) regimen at a safety-net system. Methods: Parkland Health is the safety-net system that provides care to primarily uninsured/underinsured patients in Dallas County, Texas. The majority of patients treated at Parkland belong to racial and ethnic minorities. We reviewed electronic medical records of patients with HER-2 positive breast cancer who were treated with TCHP between 01/01/2017 and 12/31/2022 at Parkland. Data on patient demographics, treatment history, laboratory values, and treatment related complications were collected. Results: A total of 171 consecutive patients underwent neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatment with TCHP for HER-2 positive breast cancer. Forty-one patients (24.0%) received G-CSF for primary prophylaxis, as per discretion of treating physician. In the 130 patients (76.0%) who did not receive primary prophylaxis, G-CSF was added later in 41 patients (32.5%). Febrile neutropenia (FN), neutropenic treatment delays, and infections not meeting FN criteria accounted for the majority of cases where G-CSF was added later in the course of treatment. Overall, 529 cycles of TCHP were administered without G-CSF vs. 372 cycles with G-CSF. Without primary prophylaxis, 18.5% (24/130) of the patients developed FN vs 2.4% (1/41) for those who received primary prophylaxis, p=0.011. FN was a complication in 4.5% (24/529) of chemotherapy cycles without G-CSF vs. 1.1% (4/372) of cycles administered with G-CSF, p=0.003. In patients treated without G-CSF, the majority of FN episodes (71%) occurred within the first 3 cycles. FN resulted in a total of 150 days (median 5 days) of hospital stay resulting in $1.2 million (M) in charges (median $36,000 per admission). Universal G-CSF use in our patient population could have prevented 21 episodes of febrile neutropenia with an estimated saving of $1.05 M (hospital admission charges), at an extra cost of $1.8M (based on the pegfilgrastim Medicare average sales price (ASP) from 2017-2022). However, based on the 2023 Medicare ASP, by substituting pegfilgrastim for biosimilars, the estimated cost would have been $603,000. Conclusions: Our study did not show an FN rate >20% to warrant routine addition of G-CSF for primary prophylaxis as recommended by the NCCN. During the study period, the cost of G-CSF was prohibitive for its universal use. However, the recent introduction of G-CSF biosimilars has significantly reduced the cost burden and justifies routine G-CSF prophylaxis as a cost saving measure.

Thermodynamic and exergoeconomic analysis of an innovative cogeneration of power and freshwater based on gas turbine cycle

The gas turbine cycle's ability to incorporate various waste heat recovery systems, diversify product output, and optimize the performance of standalone power plants is a topic of great interest. This study aims to propose a multi-level waste heat recovery system designed for a modified gas turbine cycle. This study employs a double-flash organic flash cycle, a Kalina cycle, and a modified single-flash desalination unit to generate power and freshwater simultaneously. The double-flash organic flash cycle derives its input energy from recuperating the cooling process associated with the initial air compression phase, while the Kalina cycle's condenser serves as the energy source for the desalination subsystem. The performance of this innovative system is assessed using energy, exergy, and economic analyses. Additionally, various multi-objective optimization techniques are applied to identify the optimal operational conditions. The findings indicate that when input fuel costs exceed $8/GJ, and the electricity sale price falls below $0.08/kWh, the payback period extends beyond the system's expected lifetime. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the air preheater is identified as the most influential factor affecting system performance. In its optimal state, the designed system delivers a total net power output of 22,328 kW, produces freshwater at a rate of 3.09 kg/s, achieves an exergetic efficiency of 43.087 %, and yields a net present value of $38.53 M.

STRATEGI PEMASARAN BERAS DAN DAMPAK SOSIAL EKONOMI TERHADAP PEDAGANG PENGEPUL DI DESA BENTE KECAMATAN KABAWO KABUPATEN MUNA

The objective of this study is to analyze the marketing strategy of rice and its impact on the socio-economic status of collecting traders in Bente Village, Kabawo District, Muna Regency. The population of the study consisted of 9 members of the Bangkit Jaya Farmer Group, who are rice producers, and the sample was selected using the census sampling technique. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation using media or interview guide instruments. The study employed a descriptive qualitative analysis method, which involved three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that the Bangkit Jaya Farmer Group's sales partner strategy for rice involves price cuts and no delivery fees. The brand strategy focuses on rice with special characteristics, using local rice as raw material. The applied price strategy involves reducing the price of rice sales with partners for every purchase of approximately 1 ton. Rice marketing has a significant impact on the socioeconomic conditions of members of the Bangkit Jaya Farmer Group and their families, including education, health, income, and asset ownership.

Research on warranties for different components in an open vertically integrated supply chain

How to set appropriate warranty periods for different components is a common problem for manufacturers who produce end products when pricing. This study investigates a pricing game between a vertically integrated manufacturer and an external end-product manufacturer with the vertically integrated manufacturer supplying the key component of the end product to the external end-product manufacturer and competing with the external end-product manufacturer in the terminal market as a leader. The two manufacturers make decisions on the warranty period for the key component and the end product without the key component respectively under a two-component structure. We assume that customers perceive product quality through warranty periods of different components and brand reputations of the manufacturers. The result shows that the manufacturer with a higher brand reputation has an incentive to offer a longer warranty period. However, due to the impact of corresponding warranty costs, there exist intervals of brand reputation in which the manufacturer provides a shorter warranty period for the key component or the end product without the key component than the competitor even though the brand reputation of this manufacturer is higher. The best choice for the vertically integrated manufacturer is to increase the key component wholesale price but keep the end product sale price unchanged when the brand reputation of the external end-product manufacturer gets stronger. Interestingly, the higher the brand reputation of the external end-product manufacturer, the greater the profit of the vertically integrated manufacturer. Related numerical examples and managerial insights are presented in this paper.

Pengaruh Promosi Penjualan, Kualitas Produk, Harga dan Daya Saing Perusahaan Terhadap Penjualan Produk PT. Gudang Garam, Tbk pada Area Penjualan Kota Padang

This research aims to determine the extent of the analysis regarding the influence of sales promotions, product quality and price on company competitiveness and its impact on product sales (case study analysis at PT. Gudang Garam, Tbk). This research consists of four independent variables, namely sales promotion, product quality, price and competitiveness and one product sales variable as the dependent variable. Sampling in this research used purposive sampling in which a sample of 100 respondents was obtained. Multiple linear regression analysis method, t-test, F-test and determination test. Based on the research results, it was found that: a) there is a positive and significant influence of sales promotion on product sales, b) there is a positive and significant influence of product quality on product sales, c) there is no significant influence of price on product sales, d) there is a positive and significant influence of competitiveness on product sales, e) there is an influence of sales promotion, product quality, price and competitiveness on product sales

Hydra: Lessons from the world's largest darknet market

AbstractResearch SummaryWe present a comprehensive description of Hydra, the largest darknet marketplace in the world until its shutdown in April 2022. We document the main features of Hydra such as dead‐drop delivery, feedback and reputation system, escrow, and dispute resolution. Using data scraped from the platform, we quantitatively examine the scale and the structure of the marketplace. We find that it has been highly competitive, geographically covering at least 69% of the Russian population and trading a wide variety of drugs, while also allowing the wholesale trade of drugs and precursors. The dead‐drop delivery system used on Hydra was expensive, as the courier costs comprised a substantial proportion of the sale price of drugs on Hydra. We contribute to the research on drug cryptomarkets by studying an unprecedentedly large non‐Western marketplace that existed substantially longer than any other known darknet market.Policy ImplicationsThe phenomenon of Hydra shows that shut‐down policies applied to darknet marketplaces have a large effect and implicitly shape the whole drug market. Without these policies, a pervasive digitalization of the drug trade can occur. The major cost of allowing marketplaces to grow is the probable increase in the consumption of illegal drugs due to convenience for consumers and facilitated cooperation between suppliers. This cost must be weighed against the potential benefits, including a higher quality of drugs, a decrease in potential violence, and the incentives for a large marketplace to self‐regulate. The case of Hydra also suggests the relevance of financial regulation to limit the growth of darknet marketplaces.

Two-step deep learning framework with error compensation technique for short-term, half-hourly electricity price forecasting

Prediction of electricity price is crucial for national electricity markets supporting sale prices, bidding strategies, electricity dispatch, control and market volatility management. High volatility, non-stationarity and multi-seasonality of electricity prices make it significantly challenging to estimate its future trend, especially over near real-time forecast horizons. An error compensation strategy that integrates Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) algorithm is proposed to predict the half-hourly step electricity prices. A prediction model incorporating VMD and CLSTM is first used to obtain an initial prediction. To improve its predictive accuracy, a novel error compensation framework, which is built using the VMD and a Random Forest Regression (RF) algorithm, is also used. The proposed VMD-CLSTM-VMD-ERCRF model is evaluated using electricity prices from Queensland, Australia. The results reveal highly accurate predictive performance for all datasets considered, including the winter, autumn, spring, summer, and yearly predictions. As compared with a predictive model without error compensation (i.e., the VMD-CLSTM model), the proposed VMD-CLSTM-VMD-ERCRF model outperforms the benchmark models. For winter, autumn, spring, summer, and yearly predictions, the average Legates and McCabe Index is seen to increase by 15.97%, 16.31%, 20.23%, 10.24%, and 14.03%, respectively, relative to the benchmark models. According to the tests performed on independent datasets, the proposed VMD-CLSTM-VMD-ERCRF model can be a practical stratagem useful for short-term, half-hourly electricity price forecasting. Therefore the research outcomes demonstrate that the proposed error compensation framework is an effective decision-support tool for improving the predictive accuracy of electricity price. It could be of practical value to energy companies, energy policymakers and national electricity market operators to develop their insight analysis, electricity distribution and market optimization strategies.

Hedonic analysis of the price of mangalarga marchador horses sold at auctions

The objective was to identify sets of relevant atributes for pricing Mangalarga Marchador horses at auctions and to estimate a hedonic pricing function. We analyzed 452 horses at 20 auctions. The studied variables were characteristics intrinsic to the animals and attributes that influence sale price, which were identified through generalized linear and logistic model analysis. For each additional prize and additional bid, the prices decreased by R$ 2110.00 and R$ 549.00 respectively. The individual’s maternal grandsire positively or negatively affected prices, from R$ - 86.70 to R$ + 35.50. Non-pregnant females were penalized in price by R$ 110.00 compared to non-castrated males. A bay coat added R$ 215.00 to prices when compared to chestnut animals. Online auctions added R$ 20.10 to prices and virtual auctions penalized prices by R$ 617.00. The gray coat devalues a sale by 48% and Seller 3 decreasing by 18%. We conclude that auction type, number of prizes, share sold, animal category, coat, seller, number of bids, and maternal grandsire influenced the prices of Mangalarga Marchador horses, and that coat and seller that influenced the probability of the animal being sold.

How Does Online Information Influence Offline Transactions? Insights from Digital Real Estate Platforms

This study highlights the critical function that digital real estate platforms, like Zillow, serve in facilitating effective property transactions. They do this by transmitting vital property information from sellers to buyers, thereby enriching the value of offline deals. Our findings indicate that Zillow, as a source of information, is incredibly valuable for properties that deviate significantly from their neighborhood’s average value, either above or below. It’s particularly useful in conveying experiential details through images and textual descriptions. For potential buyers, Zillow is a trustworthy source of property information for estimating property value, especially when alternative sources of information are limited. This study underscores the necessity for sellers and their agents to effectively represent property information online, considering its significant impact on sale prices. This is especially true for unique properties and properties with notable experiential elements. Furthermore, our study suggests that real estate professionals need to modify their business practices to take full advantage of digital platforms and provide superior services to their clients. Finally, digital real estate platforms can use these insights to enhance their platform design by focusing on the collection and display of significant information, ultimately increasing the value provided to both buyers and sellers of properties.

The relationship of single-family detached house prices with neighborhood walkability and disaster risk.

People's preferences regarding their neighborhood environment can vary depending on their socioeconomic status and the cities where they live. This study aims to discern the relationship between neighborhood environment factors and single-family detached house sales by sale price and by central and noncentral cities. We analyzed sale prices in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area from 2015 to 2020. The neighborhood environment was assessed using flood/sediment risk and neighborhood walkability measured by net residential density, intersection density, and facility density (walking opportunity). Flood and sediment risk is a major concern that restricts the available land and is included as a negative aspect of the neighborhood environment, taking the topographic features into consideration. A comparison of the results showed that the preference for neighborhood walkability varies by socioeconomic status as well as by target cities. For most facility types, the number of walking opportunities within walking distance from houses was found to be positively related to the sale price of single-family detached houses in all quantiles. The relationship of house price with population and intersection density was found to vary depending on the price level, with a negative relationship with the sale price of relatively more expensive houses being exhibited. People who considered buying houses with relatively higher sale prices were found to devalue houses located in flood/sediment-hazardous areas more. However, it was also found that the negative relationship was slightly mitigated in the highest quantile of sale prices for houses in areas with a moderate flood risk (maximum flooding depth: 3-5 m). Plains near rivers with amenities offer high walkability but pose a flood risk, resulting in a trade-off between flood risk and neighborhood walkability. The findings suggest the use of indices representing diverse preferences in accordance with the target socioeconomic status when policymakers assess the neighborhood environment.

Prices

Assessed or estimated prices and values for the major types of crude oils traded on spot markets. Updated on a monthly basis.Official sales prices (except as otherwise noted) and are generally market‐related, subject in some cases to retroactive adjustment. Updated on a monthly basis.