Sale Of Beverages Research Articles

A CRITICAL LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON STATUTORY INTOXICATION – TIME TO SOBER UP?

Intoxication has been a phenomenon since time immemorial. Alcoholic beverages play a central role in South African life and culture. Millions of rands are spent annually by government on “Arrive Alive” and “Zero Tolerance” campaigns in the fight against drunken driving. The liquor industry advertises aggressively, linking its products to positive cultural symbols and social needs. The use of alcohol and drugs is, however, also associated with personal, social and legal problems. The role of alcohol and drugs in South Africa’s escalating crime rate cannot be ignored. According to Jacobs, alcohol abuse is involved in a quarter of all admissions to general hospitals in the United States of America. This is precisely the reason that government put a total ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages when the Covid pandemic hit South Africa and hospitals were flooded with Covid patients. Alcohol abuse also plays a major role in the four most common causes of death of men aged 20 to 40: suicide, accidents, murder and cirrhosis of the liver. On 9 May 2022, the World Health Organization stated that the harmful use of alcohol is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions. A million deaths annually result from harmful use of alcohol globally, which amounts to 5,3 per cent of all deaths worldwide. It was further stated that alcohol consumption causes death and disability relatively early in life; in mortalities of persons aged 20–39 years, approximately 13,5 per cent of total deaths are attributable to alcohol. It is, therefore, alarming that people who become voluntarily drunk, to this day, still stand a chance of being acquitted in South African courts if the evidence reveals that, at the time of the act, the accused happened to fall into the grey area between “slightly drunk” and “very drunk”. This legal position was once again confirmed in the case of S v Ramdass. The decision represents yet another instance where an accused who committed alleged crimes in a state of voluntary intoxication was acquitted on both counts. South Africa’s legal position on voluntary intoxication is clearly at odds with the global and national call for stricter regulations on the public’s excessive use of alcohol, which makes a consideration of the Ramdass judgment, and the policy behind it, deserving of closer analysis.

Анализ взаимосвязей заболеваемости взрослого населения инсулиннезависимым сахарным диабетом и алкогольных показателей

INTRODUCTION: In the Russian Federation, since 2000, there has been a more than twofold increase in the prevalence of mellitus diabetes, mainly due to insulin-independent type 2 and higher rates in the adult population. The rise is partly due to the improvement in the screening and diagnostics organization in risk groups. A significant role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is assigned to behavioral risk factors, the leading of which are tobacco and alcohol consumption, irrational nutrition and low physical activity, the combination of which has potentiating or synergistic, mitigating and leveling effects. The interdependence of DM2 and obesity is indisputable, although insufficiently studied. According to the Federal Information Fund for Social and Hygienic Monitoring, the Republic of Mari El (RME) is an area of increased risk of morbidity of the adult population with DM2, while the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) is relatively prosperous. AIM: To identify common and specific territorial factors of population risk of diabetes based on the analysis results of the interconnections between the incidence of adult population with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity and the sale of alcohol through the retail network, indicators of alcohol dependence syndrome for 2005–2019 in two Russian regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis includes data from official federal and regional statistics on the incidence of adult population with DM2, obesity and alcohol dependence syndrome for 2005–2019, as well as sales of alcoholic beverages in alcohol equivalent per capita for 2000–2019 in the RT and the RME. The dynamics of the indicators were assessed by the coefficient of determination (R2) of the trend line, the statistical significance of the differences in time series according to the Mann–Whitney criterion, the relationship between the samples according to the parameters of the Spearman coefficient from year to year and with a time lag. RESULTS: In 2005–2019, the primary incidence of DM2 in the adult population of RME increased and was significantly higher than in RT in the absence of interregional differences in its prevalence. Both indicators of the obesity incidence have increased in the RT, and only the prevalence in the RME. In the RT, the effect of new cases of obesity on newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes persisted for 3 years, in the RME for 2 years. The prevalence of obesity was determined by the risk factor for the prevalence of diabetes with a lag of 8 years in RT and 9 years in the RME. During the analyzed years, the structure of retail sales of alcohol has changed in the regions: the share of vodka has decreased and the share of beer has increased. The correlation of the primary incidence of DM2 and obesity with per capita sales of vodka in alcohol equivalent was insignificant. In the RT there was a large prolongation and strength of relationship between the sales of all alcohol and beer with the prevalence of obesity, in the RME with the prevalence of DM2. Per capita vodka sales in the RT did not correlate with the prevalence of DM2 and obesity, whereas in the RME the relationship became significant with DM2 at a lag of 7 years; with obesity at a lag of 3 years. The correlation between beer sales and the prevalence of DM2 remained the longest in the REM (up to 12 years). CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study the delayed and prolonged effects of alcohol sales in the adult population are more clearly manifested in the prevalence of DM2 and obesity than their new cases with regional peculiarities of the role of various alcoholic beverages and the parameters of the correlation coefficient. In the RT sales volumes of all alcohol and beer in alcohol equivalent correlated more and longer with the overall incidence of obesity, in the RME with DM2. In addition, the RME noted a significant correlation between the prevalence of mellitus diabetes and obesity with the retail sale of vodka per capita, which was absent in the RT. Thus, priorities in regional projects to prevent and reduce the incidence of DM2 in the adult population should differ, increasing their effectiveness.

Impact of soda tax on beverage price, sale, purchase, and consumption in the US: a systematic review and meta-analysis of natural experiments.

As a primary source of added sugars in the US diet, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is presumed to contribute to obesity prevalence and poor oral health. We systematically synthesized and quantified evidence from US-based natural experiments concerning the impact of SSB taxes on beverage prices, sales, purchases, and consumption. A keyword and reference search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EconLit from the inception of an electronic bibliographic database to Oct 31, 2022. Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled effect of soda taxes on SSB consumption, prices, passthrough rate, and purchases. Twenty-six natural experiments, all adopting a difference-in-differences approach, were included. Studies assessed soda taxes in Berkeley, Oakland, and San Francisco in California, Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, Boulder in Colorado, Seattle in Washington, and Cook County in Illinois. Tax rates ranged from 1 to 2 ¢/oz. The imposition of the soda tax was associated with a 1.06 ¢/oz. (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.90, 1.22) increase in SSB prices and a 27.3% (95% CI = 19.3, 35.4%) decrease in SSB purchases. The soda tax passthrough rate was 79.7% (95% CI = 65.8, 93.6%). A 1 ¢/oz. increase in soda tax rate was associated with increased prices of SSBs by 0.84 ¢/oz (95% CI = 0.33, 1.35). Soda taxes could be effective policy leverage to nudge people toward purchasing and consuming fewer SSBs. Future research should examine evidence-based classifications of SSBs, targeted use of revenues generated by taxes to reduce health and income disparities, and the feasibility of redesigning the soda tax to improve efficiency.

Organic agriculture in the function of sustainable development of rural areas of the Republic of Srpska

Organic agriculture in the function of sustainable development of rural areas of the Republic of Srpska

Epidemic within pandemic: Alcohol-associated hepatitis and COVID-19.

An increase in alcoholic beverage sales was observed during the peak of the COVID pandemic in the US. Little is known about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospitalized alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) patients. In this study we analyzed the available National Inpatient Data (NIS) data from 2020 to determine mortality and healthcare utilization among hospitalized AH patients with and without COVID-19 in the United States. We observed an ~15.6% increase in cases of hospitalized AH patients from 136,620 in 2019 to 157,885 in 2020, a significant increase from an average of 5.5% per annum despite an 8.7% decline in US hospital admissions over the same time span. Men younger than 40 was the fastest growing AH group, representing a 23% increase in 2020. Approximately 1.8% of hospitalized AH patients had a SARS-CoV-2 infection. An infection with SARS-CoV-2 significantly worsened the mortality among patients with AH (11.4% vs. 4.1%, p<0.0001), especially among older AH patients with concomitant comorbidities such as clinically apparent cirrhosis, acute renal failure, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and sepsis. AH patients with COVID-19 also had a longer length of stay (8.6 vs. 6.1 days, p <0.0001) and higher hospital charges during the stay ($93,670 vs. $66,283, p <0.0001). Our study highlighted the rise in AH cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Screening and appropriate management of excessive alcohol use and the preventive measure such as the recommendation of COVID-19 vaccination should be considered to prevent the morbidity and mortality among patients with ALD.

September 11 — All-Russian Day of Sobriety

In 1913 in Russia, at the insistence of the ministers of the Russian Orthodox Church, it was decided to celebrate the All-Russian Day of Sobriety for the first time, and this was done in St. Petersburg with the participation of a group of public people. This date coincided with the day of strict fasting, when the Orthodox world celebrates a great church holiday — the Beheading of St. John the Baptist: according to the new calendar, this day falls on September 11th. Legend has it that being in a drunken stupor, Herod Antipas cut off the head of the holy Prophet during a feast. In all the Orthodox churches of the country, a procession is held on this date, and prayers are read to John the Baptist with a request to free all those who suffer from the disease of insobriety and send them healing. On this day, it is customary to pray to the Icon of the Inexhaustible Chalice, which, as legend has it, is able to save from alcoholism, and priests call on relatives to come and light a candle for the healing of all the unfortunate heavy drinkers. On September 11, not a single tavern traditionally worked, wine shops were closed, and the most severe punishment was envisioned for the sale of alcoholic beverages.

Data Mining dalam Perusahaan PT Indofood Lubuk Pakam

Indofood is engaged in the distribution of food and beverages, which faces business competition with several other companies. This study aims to identify patterns and trends in big business data, predict future behavior and trends, and provide insight into ongoing business performance using data mining. This article discusses the application of data mining at PT. Indofood to analyze sales data and see which sales are most in demand by consumers, especially sales of food and beverages. Qualitative and clustering methods are used in this study, and the application applied can assist companies in making decisions to improve product sales models. The benefit is that it makes big data analysis easier and provides insight into processed sales data. In this study, the results obtained in the form of applications that can assist companies in making decisions to create a better product sales model. Keywords : Data mining, Clustering, Decision Making, Sales Data.

Penerapan Promotion mix pada Pujasera Pasir Putih

The community service activity aims to apply Promotion Mix to the White Sand Food Court. Data collection technic in this activity using qualitative methods case study. The community service activity output in the form of social media accounts, websites, menus, and brochures for promotion. The implementation of promotion mix shows that there has been an increase in terms of company turnover in beverage sales in the last three months, namely October, November, and December.&#x0D;

The City as a Metaphor for Order: The Prohibition on the Sale of Alcoholic Beverages at Night as a Means of Purifying Public Space

This paper discusses a segment of a study that took place between 2012 and 2015, which examined the then-existing ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages in commercial establishments at night in several Serbian cities, including Belgrade, Kragujevac, Novi Sad, Šabac, and Zrenjanin. The research also looked at how the media represented the ban from 2006 to 2013 and analysed data obtained through a questionnaire completed by 22 individuals from Belgrade in 2023.&#x0D; The study examined various aspects of the ban, including its role in the context of spatial power operation, which is discussed in this paper. The researcher began with the assumption that the ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages at night in commercial establishments could be interpreted as a way of purifying public space, through which one social group establishes dominance over others in society by controlling public space. This is achieved not only by excluding members of specific social groups from the specified place, but also by excluding socially inappropriate practices deemed typical for those groups. The ultimate goal is to organise public space so that it reflects dominant societal values and achieves dominance for the group that tends to represent those values.&#x0D; The restriction was seen to be targeted at preventing members of the lower classes and young people, as members of the aforementioned classes, from occupying public space. It also had the broader aim of prohibiting the purchase and problematic use of alcoholic beverages late at night, a practice identified in the aforementioned socioeconomic strata, where it was perceived as a possible source of disruption, violence, and a threat to upper-class citizens. The decision was an attempt to increase the safety of the higher classes by limiting the ability of members of the lower classes and youth to purchase alcoholic beverages at night, as well as through spatial segregation. Although not explicitly stated, one of the effects sought by this decision was the prohibition of alcohol consumption in public places among the aforementioned social groups.&#x0D; The purpose was to instil a sense of security in the community and to project an image of moral order in society. It represented a mechanism for the higher classes to assert their authority in society and to establish their class identity by spatially separating themselves from the classes with which they were placed in a relationship of opposition. Thus, public space was created to reflect the values advocated by upper-class citizens, such as order, self-control, moderation, and decency, which aided their dominance in society.

Philadelphia Beverage Tax and Association With Prices, Purchasing, and Individual-Level Substitution in a National Pharmacy Chain

Taxes on sweetened beverages are being implemented around the globe; an understanding of these taxes on individual-level behavior is necessary. To evaluate the degree to which the sweetened beverage tax in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was associated with changes in beverage prices and individual-level purchasing over time at a national pharmacy chain in Philadelphia compared with Baltimore, Maryland. Using a difference-in-differences approach and generalized linear mixed models, this cohort study examined beverage purchases made by loyalty cardholders at a national chain pharmacy retailer with stores in Philadelphia and Baltimore (control city) from before tax to after tax. Beverage sales (in US dollars) were linked by unique loyalty card numbers to enable longitudinal analyses. Data were collected from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2017 (2 years before tax and 1 year after tax); data analyses were conducted from January through October 2022. Implementation of Philadelphia's 1.5 cents/oz tax on sweetened beverages. The outcomes were the change in mean beverage price per-ounce and mean beverage volume purchased per cardholder transaction. Individual-level point-of-sale scanner data from all beverage purchases were analyzed. A total of 1188 unique beverages were purchased from the same stores before tax and after tax. There were 231 065 unique cardholders in Philadelphia and 82 517 in Baltimore. Mean prices of taxed beverages (n = 2 094 220) increased by 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3-2.0) cents/oz (106.7% pass-through) in Philadelphia compared with Baltimore from before tax to after tax. Philadelphia cardholders purchased 7.8% (95% CI -8.1% to -7.5%) fewer ounces of taxed beverages and 1.1% (95% CI, 0.6%-1.7%) more ounces of nontaxed beverages per transaction. Taxed beverages made up a smaller percentage of cardholders' overall beverage purchases after tax (-13.4% [95% CI, -14.2% to -12.6%]), while nontaxed beverages made up a larger share (9.3% [95% CI, 7.7%-10.7%]). In this longitudinal cohort study of the Philadelphia beverage tax, the tax was completely passed through to prices and was associated with a 7.8% decline in ounces of taxed beverages purchased at a national pharmacy chain.

Лицензирование розничной продажи алкогольной продукции как средство снижения доступности такой продукции для населения

The article is devoted to the study of the licensing procedure in the retail sale of alcoholic beverages. The article reveals the main goals of licensing in the field of retail sales, and examines the licensing requirement by which these goals are achieved. The article formulates the key problems of the licensing procedure for the retail sale of alcoholic products and proposes measures to improve it.

Brazilian consumer behavior in restaurants during the pandemic: practical implications

The Covid-19 pandemic situation brought several challenges to Brazilian consumers, especially in the food and catering sector. For greater control of the pandemic, the Brazilian government has implemented a set of laws and regulations with the aim of containing the spread of the virus. The closure of restaurants, as well as the ban on the sale of food and beverages, led consumers to change their buying habits, as well as the emergence of innovative ways of selling these products to customers. This study aims to identify changes in consumer behavior during the pandemic period in restaurants located in the state of Bahia, Brazil. As for the methodology, quantitative research was used, with the application of an online questionnaire, made available on google forms; we get a final sample of 123 consumers of food and beverages, residents in the state of Bahia. The data obtained by applying the questionnaire revealed some changes in consumer behavior during the pandemic: adaptations in the way of buying and consuming food, as well as a reduction in trips to restaurants due to the increased use of mobile applications in shopping habits and a greater concern with hygiene habits.

Control and Distribution of Alcoholic Drinks

The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the implementation of the control and circulation of alcoholic beverages in the Sangatta area of East Kutai Regency as well as the inhibiting factors for the control and circulation of alcoholic beverages in the Sangatta area of East Kutai Regency, based on regional Regulation of East Kutai Regency number 2 of 2016 concerning control and supervision of the circulation and sale of alcoholic beverages. The research location was in The Police and Civil Service Police Unit for the City of East Kutai Regency. The City Civil Service Police Unit is a Regional Work Unit (SKPD) in the Regency. Research results found that the resource factor in the Control and Supervision of the Distribution and Sales of Alcoholic Beverages in the Sangatta Region of East Kutai Regency, as seen from the human resources and facilities used is adequate. However, in the field of resources, the existing rules cannot accommodate traditional alcohol types in monitoring, distribution, and sales. The communication process has been carried out through outreach to the community and actively coordinating with the sub-district and village parties to go directly to the community as the implementation target. Dispositions in the form of attitudes and commitments from the parties involved are felt to have a consistent commitment to carrying out their duties and the Bureaucratic structure with complete SOPs regarding implementing policies for controlling and supervising alcoholic beverages. It is hoped that the actions within the organization will be consistent.

Relationship between mortality from diseases of the circulatory system with the consumption of alcoholic beverages

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between total mortality and due to diseases of the circulatory system (CSD) with indicators of sales and consumption of alcoholic beverages in the Republic of Mari El.&#x0D; Material and methods. The analysis includes data from official federal and regional statistics on alcohol sales, total and CSD mortality. Alcohol consumption was calculated according to the methodological recommendations of the Russian Ministry of Health. To evaluate the time series, we calculated the coefficient of determination, the median with a 95% confidence interval, the Mann–Whitney test, and the Spearman correlation coefficient with a time lag.&#x0D; Results. Over 2000–2018 mortality due to CSD in the Republic of Mari El decreased, not differing from the average Russian indicator in terms of level and trend. In the region, per capita sales of alcoholic beverages (from 4.4 to 8.1 liters) were significantly lower than estimated alcohol consumption (from 10.9 to 21.3 liters). A strong relationship between CSD associated mortality was established with per capita estimated consumption of strong alcohol (r = 0.97–0.5 with a lag of 0 to 6 years) and sales of vodka per capita (r = 0.77–0.48 with a lag of 0 up to 3 years), with a high correlation among the working-age population in men (r = 0.82–0.64 with a lag of 0 to 4 years) and a long-term one in women (r = 0.72–0.48 with a lag of 0 up to 5 years).&#x0D; Research limitations. The study has regional (Republic of Mari El) restrictions.&#x0D; Conclusion. CSD associated mortality rates are statistically significantly correlated with the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages with a delayed effect. Therefore, one of the ways to reduce mortality may be measures to reduce alcohol consumption.

Changes in Dental Outcomes After Implementation of the Philadelphia Beverage Tax

Beverage taxes are associated with declines in sugar-sweetened beverage sales and consumption, but few studies have evaluated the associations of these taxes with health outcomes. This study analyzed changes in dental decay after the implementation of the Philadelphia sweetened beverage tax. Electronic dental record data were obtained on 83,260 patients living in Philadelphia and control areas from 2014 to 2019. Difference-in-differences analyses compared the number of new Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth with that of new Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surfaces before (January 2014-December 2016) and after (January 2019-December 2019) tax implementation in Philadelphia and control patients. Analyses were conducted in older children/adults (aged ≥15 years) and younger children (aged <15 years). Subgroup analyses stratified by Medicaid status. Analyses were conducted in 2022. The number of new Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth did not change after tax implementation in Philadelphia in panel analyses of older children/adults (difference-in-differences= -0.02, 95% CI= -0.08, 0.03) or younger children (difference-in-differences=0.07, 95% CI= -0.08, 0.23). There were similarly no post-tax changes in the number of new Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surfaces. However, in cross-sectional samples of patients on Medicaid, the number of new Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth was lower after tax implementation in older children/adults (difference-in-differences= -0.18, 95% CI= -0.34, -0.03; -22% decline) and younger children (difference-in-differences= -0.22, 95% CI= -0.46, 0.01; -30% decline), with similar results for number of new Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surfaces. The Philadelphia beverage tax was not associated with reduced tooth decay in the general population, but it was associated with reduced tooth decay in adults and children on Medicaid, suggesting potential health benefits for low-income populations.

Analysis and forecasting of crime in Russia as a tool of effective public administration in the social sphere

The purpose of the study is to identify the main trends and patterns of crime development in Russia in order to develop effective public administration measures aimed at improving the criminogenic situation. The object of the study is crime in the Russian Federation by categories of crimes. The subject of the study is statistical data characterizing the state and dynamics of crime in Russia. The study was conducted using statistical methods such as the method of relative values, index analysis, time series analysis and forecasting methods, in particular, adaptive methods, correlation and variance analysis methods, as well as methods of visual data analysis. As a result of the study, an assessment of the state, structure and structural shifts in the distribution of crimes by crime categories over the past 10 years has been made, the influence of a regional factor on the variation in crime rates has been revealed, and the correlation between crime levels by crime categories and socio-economic factors such as unemployment, retail sale of alcoholic beverages per capita has been assessed, the coefficient of migration growth, the Gini coefficient, the coefficient of differentiation by income of the population. Based on the study of the behavior of time series levels of the number of registered crimes by crime categories, modeling and forecasting of indicators using adaptive methods until the end of 2023 were performed.

Beverley-Anne Joseph: cheers to the perseverance of an entrepreneur

Learning outcomes The learning outcomes of this study are as follows:▪ evaluate the difficulties of entry-level women entrepreneurs in the South African farming industry;▪ appreciate the entrepreneurial journey of a women entrepreneur in the farming industry;▪ assess the role of networking and support programmes in prompting women entrepreneurs in South Africa;▪ understand the role of diversification in building a sustainable business in today’s COVID-19-affected economic environment;▪ make an informed decision regarding how COVID-19 had negatively affected the farming industry; and▪ critically evaluate which options are available for women entrepreneurs to overcome the negative effects of COVID-19 and remain sustainable businesses. Case overview/synopsis In April 2021, managing director and co-owner Beverley-Anne Joseph, was considering the long-term business strategy options for Zelpy, her hop farm business outside George, a town in the Western Cape, South Africa. As the first black woman hop farmer in Africa, she had run a successful business supplying hops to South African Breweries (SAB), a subsidiary of the global conglomerate Anheuser-Busch InBev (AB InBev). To date, her hop farming business had not been impacted by the South African Government’s COVID-19 lockdowns that impacted the sale of alcoholic beverages. However, it had given her a wake-up call as to the risk of having most of her eggs in one basket. She now had to consider how to diversify her farming business to minimise risk. Complexity academic level MBA, Masters in Management, Postgraduate Diploma in Business and Executive Education short courses. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

Винная монополия в России XVII-XIX вв.: фискальный и/или социальный интересы

The article considers the wine monopoly in Russia in the 17th-19th centuries. A retrospective analysis of the formation of the “drinking” policy in the Russian state for three centuries is presented. The emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the combination of social and financial interests in the state regulation of the turnover of alcoholic beverages. The research focuses on the legal means of introducing a wine monopoly in Russia. The features of state regulation of alcohol production and turnover are illustrated, depending on whether the government reserved the right to trade in wine and levy fees for alcoholic drinks, that is, introduced a wine monopoly, or transferred this right to private individuals (farming). Attention is drawn to the duality of the objectives of the wine monopoly introduction - to increase the incoming of the treasury (by adding to the tax revenues of trade profits) and to prevent (reduce) alcoholization of the population through the strict regulation of the turnover and improving the quality of alcohol. The theoretical aspects of the wine monopoly content are identified; they are partly related to the terminological confusion existing in the doctrine, when the concepts “wine” and “vodka” monopoly, “monopoly” and “regalia” are incorrectly identified, the concept “farming” (otkup, revenue leasing) is incorrectly interpreted. A conclusion is made about the differentiation of the concepts of regalia and monopoly; about a more logical representation of farming not as a prototype of excise taxes, but as an independent form of fiscal monopoly. In the research, traditional methods of scientific cognition are used. The dialectical method of cognition and the principle of historicism allowed considering the main stages of the wine monopoly's development. The techniques of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction made it possible to conclude that in the historical periods when fiscal interest prevailed over social there was farming trade. When the level of drunkenness became dangerously high, and the state's income from alcoholic beverages decreased, the authorities established a monopoly, primarily on the retail sale of beverages. Special methods - formal-legal and comparative-historical - formed the basis for identifying restrictions imposed by the state within the framework of monopolization of the production and sale of alcoholic beverages. Methods of observing historical continuity in the development of legal institutions, as well as systematic and historical-retrospective approaches used to consider the instruments of legal regulation of the alcohol industry in the Russian Empire from a historical distance allowed a conclusion that, in Russia of the 17th-19th centuries, state fiscal interests prevailed, they determined the main directions of the state alcohol policy.

BANQUET PERFORMANCE IN SUPPORTING BUSINESS AT PULLMAN SUDIRMAN JAKARTA HOTEL

Banquet section is one part of the Food and Beverage department which has an important role in the hotel business to earn revenue for the hotel through the services it sells, such as food, beverage and function room sales, because it can accommodate a large number of guests. That way all hotels must have a banquet section that is nimble and capable in carrying out their duties, including the Pullman Sudirman hotel. In this case the researcher uses a qualitative method with a descriptive format. Qualitative methods aim to describe, summarize various circumstances, situations, or various events in the social sphere. Data collection techniques will be carried out using the interview method, the researcher hopes to get detailed, honest, and intense data related to the performance of the Pullman Sudirman Hotel banquet department employees. From the results of an interview with the Pullman Sudirman Hotel supervisor, it was explained that the Banquet at this Hotel is very supportive of business because this department has an influence in increasing turnover/revenue which is very large compared to other restaurants. Keywords: Banquet Performance, Hotel Business, Pullman Sudirman

The implementation of the sugar-sweetened beverage taxes in the UK: A review

Obesity is becoming a serious health issue that affects both industrialized and developing nations, having serious repercussions for societal food security. It is thought that taxing goods with an adverse effect on human health will boost government revenue while lessening the harm. A graduated sugar tax on sugary beverages is now being utilized in the UK to lower the sale of sugary beverages and thus lower obesity rates. Further adjustments are required because this policy may be impacted by industry pressure, tax design, and media engagement.