Car Sales Research Articles

Analysis of Zhejiang Heping Financing Lease Model in the Context of Dual-Business Integration

Zhejiang Heping Automobile Sales and Service Co., Ltd., established in 2000, is a leading automotive sales enterprise integrating car sales and repair services. Undergoing three stages of development, namely, expanding and strengthening car sales, venturing into financing leasing, and consistently enhancing efficiency, the company has successfully achieved a clever integration of "financing leasing + car sales." This integration ensures a steady and ample supply of funds for the enterprise while simultaneously increasing profits. Seizing the opportunities of era development and conducting a rational analysis of the industry's strengths and weaknesses, Zhejiang Heping has innovatively adopted a new approach, combining "car sales + tunnel boring machine financing leasing," thereby ensuring a robust cash flow for the enterprise, continuously expanding business operations, reducing operational risks, and increasing overall company returns.

Can “dual credit” replace “subsidies” successfully? -based on analysis of vehicle supply chain decisions under the digital transformation of technology

Transportation is the second largest source of carbon emissions today, with more than 80% of the carbon emitted from automobile operations. Hence, reducing the fuel consumption per unit mileage while vigorously developing new energy vehicles has become an inevitable choice for carbon emission reduction. So, this paper applies the differential game approach to investigate the production trade-offs of fuel and new energy vehicles, fuel consumption reduction, and digital technology investment strategies in an automotive supply chain under a dynamic framework. In addition, it further analyzes whether the dual credit policy (DCP) can promote the healthy development of China's auto market after the withdrawal of the purchase subsidy policy for new energy vehicles (PSP). The results show that the implementation of DCP will reduce the sales of fuel vehicles with fuel consumption higher than the critical value (HFCV) but will not promote the willingness of manufacturers to invest in fuel consumption reduction of HFCV; the abolition of the PSP will not reduce the demand for fuel vehicles, nor will it affect the investment in fuel consumption reduction of fuel vehicles, but it will reduce the consumer demand for new energy vehicles. However, assuming that the government appropriately adjusts the intrinsic mechanism of the DCP, such as increasing the requirement for the proportion of new energy vehicles in the sales of cars by manufacturers and the value of the points per unit of new energy vehicles, it will be possible to promote the growth of new energy vehicles while discouraging the production of fuel-intensive vehicles. In addition, If the government abolishes PSP, the maximum rate of change in the profits of the manufacturer, retailer, and the entire supply chain in the parameter change intervals analyzed in our numerical example is only 1.6%, 0.04%, and 0.13%, respectively, which can be said to have minimal impact. The findings provide a theoretical basis for the government's choice of carbon regulation policy for the automotive supply chain.

ANALYSIS OF CHINA’S VEHICLE PURCHASE TAX POLICY RESEARCH METHODS: DID MODEL

As the most common means of transportation in China, automobiles have brought considerable challenges to China's infrastructure due to the year-by-year increase in automobile exports in recent years. Therefore, China's policies towards the automotive industry have been different at different times, requiring the use of fiscal policies to guide and support the development of the automotive industry. Vehicle purchase tax (VPT), as an important tax in the automobile sales environment, plays a key role in the development of the automobile industry. This paper uses a difference-in-difference (DID) model to assess the implementation effect of China's third VPT incentives, taking the total monthly sales of vehicles enjoying China's VPT incentives as an explanatory variable, dividing them into a control group and an experimental group according to whether or not they enjoy the incentives, and adding the two influencing factors of the industrial value-added and the CPI as control variables. The results of the study show that China's third VPT incentive policy has had the desired effect, and that passenger automobile sales have continued to grow, boosting automobile consumption and, in turn, China's economic growth.

Present and Future Trends of Electric Vehicles in India

The electric vehicles market in India is making significant progress in terms of environmental sustainability. Various new car companies are revolutionizing the industry by introducing innovative models. The interest in electric vehicles is rapidly growing, and with the introduction of new pricing models, the market is expected to expand even further. Recognizing this shift, existing car manufacturers are striving to unveil new hybrid or electric vehicle models. Developed countries such as the UK and France have already announced plans to ban the sale of diesel and petrol cars by 2040. Experts predict that Europe will witness a complete transition to electric vehicles five years prior to the deadline. This transformation has led to increased commitments and competition among leading car manufacturers and businesses in the automotive industry. Norway, for instance, is experiencing remarkable progress in the electric vehicles market, with nearly 30% of new car sales in December 2017 being electric battery-powered vehicles. Energy experts anticipate that China and India will drive the demand for electric vehicles, as these countries prioritize the development of low-carbon emission transportation solutions. In response to the growing industry, many companies are planning to introduce electric vehicle charging points to support the increasing demand for electric vehicles.

Comportamiento colusorio en el sector del automóvil en España. Cuantificación de los daños al consumidor

On July 23, 2015, the Spanish National Markets and Competition Commission (CNMC) passed judgement (S/0482/13) against 20 automotive sector companies for alleged restrictive competition practices between March 2004 and August 2013. The exchange of information among the different companies would have had repercussions on the fixing of vehicle sale prices, homogenization of conditions and future commercial plans for the automobile sale and post-sale services in Spain. This paper estimates the loss suffered by consumers as a result of these collusive practices using the Before and After method. We have reconstructed the prices that would have prevailed in the absence of the collusive practice. The analysis reveals an increase of 10.16 percent. The observation of the prices and the production of automobiles during the period exhibits an anomalous behaviour with respect to GDP evolution and prices in the economy as a whole.

A Real-Time Forecast Model Based on Convolutional Neural Network and Attention Mechanism for Passenger Car Sales in 5G Environment

A Real-Time Forecast Model Based on Convolutional Neural Network and Attention Mechanism for Passenger Car Sales in 5G Environment

Economic and Environmental Implications of Ride-Hailing and Vehicle Age Limits for Car Sales Markets

Economic and Environmental Implications of Ride-Hailing and Vehicle Age Limits for Car Sales Markets

Analysis of the mechanism of side impact of cars

Problem. Globally, car crashes are the major cause of death, killing 1.2 million people, and despite improvements in car safety, forecasts indicate that car crash deaths will increase significantly by 2030 due to the increase in the number of cars. Such a trend requires an increase in passive safety in the design of cars. It is also necessary to consider with these factors the most popular segments of SUV cars, which during an accident create more dangerous consequences in the event of a side impact, taking into account the mass and dimensions parameters. Goal. The aim is to conduct an analysis of the side collision mechanism of cars of different mass and dimensional parameters. Taking into account the trends in the sale of cars, identifying the most popular classes of cars in Ukraine both on the new car market and on the second-hand market, to further identify problems in testing cars according to various certification protocols. Methodology. The approaches to solving the tasks used in the work are based on the use of statistical data and comparative analysis of various methodologies and certification protocols. Results. Considering that scientific studies of frontal impact are presented by the scientific community in the broadest form, the study of the side impact of two cars is currently a relevant direction, taking into account the global trend towards the production of cars in the SUV segment, which exceed passenger cars in terms of mass and dimensions. In a road accident with a side impact of a passenger car and an off-road vehicle of the SUV segment, we will get a large difference in the height of the primary impact, which is 250 millimeters. That is, all the energy of the impact to the side of the passenger car falls not on the safety bar, but 250 millimeters higher, which will inevitably lead to fatal injuries to the driver and passenger. Unfortunately, the European NCAP and the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration use moving barriers that are similar in terms of mass and dimensions to an average passenger car. Originality. The obtained results of the analysis of the mechanism of the car side collision make it possible to evaluate the current trend of the automobile market in terms of passive safety and, in particular, to conduct certification tests for side impact in a new way. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended when studying the structural features of preparing and conducting crash tests.

Analisis Penjualan Mobil Listrik Di Indonesia Dalam Rentang Waktu 2020-2023

The automotive industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly with electric car sales increasing significantly by 2022. Hyundai is one of the largest electric car manufacturers in Indonesia, supported by the IK-CEPA (Indonesia-Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement), a bilateral free trade agreement between Indonesia and South Korea in various fields such as trade in goods, services and other economic cooperation. The Indonesian government is also active in supporting the development of the electric vehicle industry through fiscal and non-fiscal incentives, as well as cooperation with Hyundai Motor Group in training electric vehicle technicians. Sales of electric cars in several brands and types such as Hyundai Kona EV, Hyundai Ioniq EV, and Lexus UX300e have increased from 2020 to October 2023, showing public interest in electric cars. Hyundai Ioniq 5 became the best-selling electric car in Indonesia in 2022, while the newly released Wuling Air EV in August 2022 also received attention for its affordable price and unique design. Indonesia has the largest nickel reserves in the world, so it has a great ability to make electric vehicle batteries. This will drive the development of the electric car industry in the country, with strong government support and increasing sales, the automotive industry, especially electric cars, will have a bright prospect to continue growing in the future.

Towards a Circular Economy of Lithium-Ion Batteries – Is a Fast Ramp-up of Recycling and Circularity Sustainable?

With the rapidly growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles (EV) major global challenges for policymakers and companies arise. Global production and supply chains of battery materials increasingly account for environmental issues accompanied by social problems of raw material mining (e.g., for cobalt in DR Congo) and recent highly fluctuating raw materials prices. To face these problems, policymakers and companies are pushing for circular economy strategies for battery supply chains to guarantee a sustainable supply of critical raw materials such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel, and to integrate used batteries back into the value chain by recycling or reuse. But reaching a full circular economy early does not translate into improved sustainability at the same time. A circular economy of batteries in EVs is fully developed once the demand for raw materials in EV batteries is completely covered by recycled materials, the break-even points (BEPs) of a circular economy. At this stage, regional independence from primary raw materials with critical production and supply chains is achieved.In this study, a critical perspective on the pushing for strategies to reach circular economy of EV batteries early is taken. Within three steps it is shown, (1) when the circular economy is realized on a regional level by reaching BEPs, (2) how to accelerate reaching these individual BEPs for battery materials through different scenarios, and (3) what this acceleration scenarios implies in terms of a sustainable global production of battery materials via mining and transportation compared to reuse and recycling.In the first step, this numerical analysis focuses on identifying the BEPs of lithium, cobalt, and nickel for EV batteries in key regions, namely Europe, the US and China, by using a dynamic material flow analysis (MFA). For this purpose, the life cycle of a battery is considered and analyzed in a circular economy approach via production, EV life, secondary application (re-use) and recycling. The results show that China is the first region to achieve BEPs for Co and Ni in the 2040s while focusing on LFP as the main battery technology in the upcoming decades, followed by Europe and the U.S. Compared to China, EV battery technologies in Europe and the USA are dominated by NMC and NCA leading to later BEPs for cobalt and nickel. Generally, cobalt will be the first metal to achieve BEPs, while the secondary coverage of lithium poses a major future global challenge.Second, based on a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters with the highest impact on the BEPs, different scenarios of parameter adaptions are presented which lead to potential earlier achievement of the BEPs in Europe, the USA and China (shift scenarios). These scenarios include early full electrification of car sales, no secondary application of EV batteries, reduction of EV battery sizes in time, shorter lifespan of batteries in EVs and high production scrap rates. The results show that each of the five shift scenarios has a different impact on accelerating reaching the BEPs in each region for the individual raw materials.Third, in each shift scenario, the necessary mining and production amount of primary EV battery materials until reaching the BEPs are analyzed. Although achieving BEPs earlier by applying the shift scenarios seems beneficial, the results indicate that more primary raw materials must be produced annually until reaching the BEP under certain conditions, suggesting that more social and environmental problems linked to raw material mining and transportation would have to be tolerated. Therefore, a sustainable slow ramp-up of mines and recycling must be weighted individually against a fast ramp-up and, thus, against reaching a full circular economy early.This analysis and the model in general can help policymakers and companies to strategically decide whether and how to accelerate achieving certain BEPs for an early independence from primary raw materials. However, by taking a critical perspective here, it is shown that accelerating the transition towards circular economy by reuse and recycling can be accompanied by intensifying temporary sustainable issues of raw material mining and transportation.

ANALISIS MATRIKS BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP (BCG) PADA STRATEGI RETAIL SALES MOBIL MEREK TOYOTA DALAM UPAYA MERAIH KEUNGGULAN BERSAING DI GRUP PT. ASTRA INTERNATIONAL TBK

The automotive industry is one of the prospective industries to continue to be developed in order to improve product competitiveness and in turn will increase the contribution to the value of exports and economic growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the position of the automotive industry market growth rate focusing on Toyota car brands based on market growth and market share, using the BCG matrix. The unit of analysis is all car brands including the PT group. Astra International Tbk, which consists of Toyota, Daihatsu, Honda, Mitsubishi, Motors and Suzuki. The object of analysis is the number of retail car sales. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach. This research method uses descriptive research type. The method of data collection carried out in this paper is by field research methods that include library research methods. Based on the calculation of the BCG matrix to find out market growth (market growth) has been known to decline by - 3.8% from the previous year - 4.7% shows the growth of the High School market share is not satisfactory, while the calculation of relative market share in 2017 the results are 3.03 and in 2018 the results are 2.36 and based on these two results, it can be described that the position of the Toyota brand car is in the quadrant III of Cash Cows.
 Keywords: BCG Matrix, PT. Astra International, Tbk, Toyota
 

Chinese automotive market: Сurrent state and prospects

China occupies a significant position in the world market and is one of the countries that is developing rapidly and increasingly introducing new technologies into various sectors of the economy. Thus, one of the most important industries is the automotive industry, influencing the national economy and the global mechanical engineering market. In recent years, the Chinese economy has occupied a leading position in the world market in exports and imports of cars, production growth and sales of new cars. Even during the pandemic, where many countries faced an economic crisis, China was able to recover quickly. The investigation is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of the main economic indicators of the automotive industry and its impact on the PRC economy. To identify the level of efficiency of this industry, statistical methods were used in the work, thanks to which leaders in sales and production of new cars were identified, as well as China’s place and share in the world market in terms of exports and imports. Using an analysis of literary sources, the trends that are observed in various countries and their interrelation were substantiated. Analysis carried out on goods of group 8703 “passenger cars and other motor vehicles intended primarily for the transport of people (other than motor vehicles of heading 8702), including utility vans and racing cars” on the domestic market of the People’s Republic of China from 2008 to 2022 year, showed economic activity and trends in various periods. The most important factors are highlighted that played at the macroeconomic and microeconomic level: economic, political and social factors. Econometric methods were used to forecast sales in the Chinese domestic market. The forecast is based on a logarithmic trend model, which has a high approximation accuracy, which was later used for a model with an additive component and a multiplicative model. For the predicted volume of vehicle sales, the accuracy of the forecast was assessed using error calculations, which showed that the deviation from the actual one, up or down, was 1.37 million vehicles.

Emission performance assessment of passenger car engines: A comparative analysis

The automotive market is constantly developing and employing innovative technologies. The new trend of electromobility affects the whole world and is part of the transformation of the economy. Also, the European Union takes significant steps to support the development of the electric sector of the automotive market. This is confirmed by the signed declaration in Glasgow, which leads towards a ban on the sale of cars with combustion engines by 2035. Due to the initiatives taken by international institutions to green all processes in the economy and the defined legal framework, these activities have an influence on other market participants. The problem identified in this article is the actual impact of implemented solutions concerning the type of engine used in cars offered for sale in Poland. The aim of the article is accompanied by a research question, is the electric vehicle less harmful to the environment? The paper compares cars of the same producer, class and type with petrol, diesel, hybrid (petrol-electric) and electric engines in terms of the environmental impact parameters described in the methodology. The research method is a comparative analysis of SUVs of urban type. As a result of the research, it has been determined that a vehicle with an electric engine emits the least amount of carbon dioxide and is the most environmentally friendly solution.

Sharing mode selection and optimal pricing for an electric vehicle manufacturer

This paper studies the sharing mode selection and optimal pricing for an electric vehicle manufacturer (EVM). We evaluate three sharing modes, i.e. Mode N, car sales business only, Mode S, car sales business and car-sharing service provided by a self-built sharing platform, and Mode T, car sales business and car-sharing service provided by a third-party sharing platform. Further, we consider two types of government subsidy policies: purchase and production subsidies. We find that for purchase subsidies, the EVM should select Mode S if the transaction cost per sharing service is low, and select Mode T otherwise; for production subsidies, the EVM should select Mode S. Regardless of the subsidy policy, the optimal sales prices of EVs under Mode N and Mode S are the same, but both are lower than that under Mode T. The optimal rental price of EVs under Mode S is lower than that under Mode T.

Analysis of Car Dealership Sales Using Business Intelligence Technology

The growing volume of sales increases the importance of analysis tools, most of which are built on the principles of knowledge discovery in databases, which raises the problem of choosing optimal schemes for storing and processing OLAP cubes. The article presents the structure of the auto dealer's analytical system. A data warehouse structure and a set of models for the sales analysis process of a dealership auto center have been developed. The methodology of car dealer sales analysis is established. The article also notes that in modern economic conditions, it is especially important to monitor trends in decline or growth in the activity of auto centers, to identify promising and unpromising types of components, as well as those products that require certain efforts to manufacture and promote them on the market. Carrying out intelligent data analysis allows you to formulate specific and targeted management decisions in terms of increasing the synergistic effect from product sales, which is especially important in modern economic conditions. The article describes the methodology for analyzing car dealer sales. A data warehouse structure was developed, statistical data and data sets for analysis were collected, and a set of models and reports was created to analyze dealership sales. The effectiveness of the proposed research is demonstrated. Keywords: sales, predictive analysis, sales, data mining, data segmentation.

Economic Implications of Charging Infrastructure Deployment for Electric Vehicles in China: An Empirical Analysis

Based on the empirical analysis of the economic implications of charging infrastructure deployment for electric vehicles in China, this study highlights the crucial role of charging infrastructure in promoting the growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market. By controlling for key factors such as car sales and fuel prices, the regression analysis results demonstrate that the deployment of charging infrastructure, represented by the number of charging piles, is positively related to EV sales in China. However, the study also reveals that the coverage area and charging speed of charging piles remain areas for improvement. Respondents to a survey questionnaire considered improving charging speed a priority over increasing the number of charging piles. This study emphasizes the significance of government policies and actions in supporting the development of the EV industry and charging infrastructure deployment in China. It highlights the need for further investment in charging infrastructure development to facilitate the growth of the EV market. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the economic implications of charging infrastructure deployment for electric vehicles in China and can guide policymakers in designing and implementing effective policies and initiatives to promote the adoption of electric vehicles.

Solvay confirms plans for US production facility for electric vehicle materials, partners with iCOMAT, and launches SolvaLite

On November 02, 2023, Solvay confirmed its plans to build a new battery-grade PVDF facility in Augusta, Georgia. With more than half of U.S. car sales projected to be electric by 2030, the U.S. produced PVDF - a thermoplastic fluoropolymer - will allow supply for the rapidly growing EV battery market, meeting the growing needs of U.S. domestic energy storage markets. The new operations will provide material for more than 5 million EV batteries per year at full capacity and create hundreds of jobs throughout the value chain.

A DeepFM-Based Non-Parametric Model Enabled Big Data Platform for Predicting Passenger Car Sales in Sustainable Way

A DeepFM-Based Non-Parametric Model Enabled Big Data Platform for Predicting Passenger Car Sales in Sustainable Way

Recommendations for determining the customs value of vehicles

Introduction. The paper examines the procedure for importing vehicles into the customs territory of Ukraine during martial law. The implementation of the new customs clearance formula is analyzed, and the recommended adjustment factors for coding the model year of production of vehicles based on the international standard and the recommended adjustment factors based on environmental standards are considered. Martial law conditions pose complex challenges to the state and require significant changes in the methods of managing economic processes and foreign economic activity. As a result, a number of amendments to legal acts have been adopted to regulate the export and import activities of business entities under martial law. The purpose of the paper is to study the procedure of importation of vehicles into the customs territory of Ukraine during martial law, analyzing the problems that may be encountered when using the existing form of customs clearance of vehicles, as well as to identify opportunities and prospects for the introduction of a new customs clearance formula and the benefits of its use. Results. To improve the customs clearance procedure for cars, it is proposed to improve the existing taxation system by applying a new customs clearance formula that will depend on the age, type, engine size and exclusivity of the car. At the same time, car owners will pay excise tax and value added tax, but the cost of the car will not be taken into account in the customs clearance formula. In addition, the state pension insurance fee will be canceled at the first registration of passenger cars. As a result, this will reduce the cost of registration. Import duty will also be canceled, which will reduce the cost of customs clearance by 10%. Amendments to the Customs Code of Ukraine create preconditions for customs clearance of vehicles through the Unified State Web Portal of Electronic Services. This should reduce the time for customs clearance and become a convenient tool for citizens, which is also a positive development. Such a customs clearance formula will have a positive impact on eliminating the possibility of corruption and other illegal actions at customs related to the unjustified increase in the customs value of a car. The new model will also prevent the indication of non-existent damages and malfunctions of cars, changes in modifications, creation of fake car sale and purchase agreements, artificial increase or decrease of car mileage, etc. Conclusion. The proposed actions will radically change the import of vehicles and make the procedure simpler and more efficient. All that is needed is to fix all the shortcomings, think carefully about the sequence of stages, improve them, and turn the idea into reality.

Comparative Study of Car Seat Sales During and Before the 0% PPNBM Policy During the Covid-19 Pandemic at PT X

This research aims to find out the sales of car seats during the 0% PPnBM policy for the period March to December 2021 and to find out the sales of car seats before the 0% PPnBM policy for the period March to December 2020 and to find out the comparison of sales from of PT. when PPnBM was 0% for the period March to December 2021 and before the PPnBM policy was 0% for the period March to December 2020 at PT. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia. This research method uses documentation techniques in data collection. In documentation techniques, documents are records of past events, which can be in the form of writing, drawings or works. The data used by the author in this research is seat sales data (documentation) which data was obtained from the logistics division regarding car seat sales at PT. X. And using validity tests and descriptive statistics. The results of data processing obtained in a descriptive statistical manner are that there was a very good increase in sales of car seats when the PPnBM policy was 0% and the results of hypothesis testing using the t-difference test were that there was a significant difference in sales when the PPnBM policy was 0%. So it can be concluded that there is an average difference between car seat sales when PPnBM was 0% and car seat sales before PPnBM was 0%, which means there was an increase in car seat sales when the PPnBM policy was 0%.